JP2505948B2 - Drilling lining method and equipment in deep underground space - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an excavation lining method and an apparatus for excavation / immediate lining that enables effective use of deep underground space.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, with the advocation of expanding the effective use of underground spaces, there is an urgent need to establish technology for constructing deep underground spaces. When constructing a space at a large depth of 50 m or more, in order to expand the geological limit width and expand the workable range of the construction of the underground space, excavation of a large space where construction is started from the bottom of the shaft under water It is said that immediate lining of the excavated wall surface is essential. This is because the space under construction may collapse under the influence of fluctuations in groundwater level and groundwater pressure.

Therefore, a method of excavating and lining the wall surface under the submerged condition after reinforcing the surrounding ground is considered to be effective.
This is to reduce the influence of collapse due to internal pressure and lowering of groundwater level if construction is carried out under conditions where mud pressure is applied rather than internal pressure. That is,
When excavating under water, the internal pressure is applied to the excavation wall surface by water pressure, which has the effect of maintaining the balance with the groundwater level and preventing the wall from collapsing. Furthermore, in muddy water conditions, the pressure difference from the standing water level increases and It is considered to be on the safer side than during excavation.

Even in the construction of a mountain tunnel, there is a risk that cracks may occur in the excavated surface and collapse of the surface due to a slaking phenomenon caused by stress relief in the excavated surface. Is being cut off.

[0005]

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] When a deep underground space is constructed by setting a soft rock or a place having a higher uniaxial compressive strength than that, excavation is performed under water, and it takes some time before the wall lining is completed. Although the excavated wall surface is being held by the internal pressure, there is a tendency to prevent the collapse, but if we try to expand the application site of the construction of the deep underground space, it will be limited by geological conditions, and it can be said that it is submerged. Immediate wall lining should be done without delay after excavation.

However, in order to meet this demand, the excavator and the lining machine (wall lining machine) are simultaneously put in the same bench cut (to perform flat excavation of a certain thickness in a stepwise manner), and the excavator is excavated. While the ground excavator is excavating the ground, the lining machine evacuates somewhere out of the way, and as soon as the excavator forms part of the wall surface, the lining machine immediately accesses the site and reads the ground shape. It is necessary to cover the wall.

However, in order to carry out the construction by simultaneously placing the excavator and the lining machine in a submerged environment during the construction of the dome, the size of the machines is limited, the excavator moves around, and the lining machine moves slightly. In addition, there is a big difference between the submersible machine and the support system on the ground such as the difference in support equipment from the ground, and considering the lining method on the wall with an angle of attack, etc., the excavation bench under the water It is physically difficult for two machines to be present in the cut stage at the same time.

On the other hand, it is possible to excavate a certain bench, collect the excavator on the ground, insert the lining machine, and replace the excavator with the lining machine to excavate the next bench. It takes several tens of days from the start of excavation to the end of lining due to restrictions on the size of the machine and the construction time, and there are problems such as the possibility of collapse of the excavated wall surface, swelling of the wall surface with groundwater, and scouring of the wall surface.

An object of the present invention is to provide an excavation lining method and an apparatus thereof which enables excavation of a wall surface and immediate lining and enables effective use of a large depth free space while solving such a problem.

[0010]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the method of the present invention is to perform a fan-shaped plane excavation within a predetermined center angle range after excavating the ground below the excavation lining machine to a certain depth. After that, the arc-shaped wall of the fan-shaped excavation section is immediately lined up, and then the excavation lining machine is turned to leave a certain range of ground, and from there, the fan-shaped plane excavation within the specified center angle range is performed to immediately cover it. After the work, the excavation lining machine was turned to leave a certain range of ground, and then the same excavation and immediate lining were performed, and finally 360 ° plane excavation was performed to form one bench-cut step. , Then the drilling lining machine
Is placed under the bench-cut stage to repeat the above-mentioned work to construct a dome-shaped underground space.

In the apparatus of the present invention, a cylinder is movably provided on a support body supported on the inner surface of a vertical shaft, a revolving body is provided below the cylinder, and the revolving body has an excavating cutter at the tip end thereof, which is expandable and contractible. Excavation lining equipment in a deep underground space, characterized in that a flexible cutter boom and a retractable lining boom having a movable formwork mechanism for lining at the tip are provided, and a face cutter is provided at the bottom of the revolving structure. Is.

[0012]

With the above method, excavation and immediate lining can be performed while holding the upper bench-cut lining member in the natural ground, and it is possible to construct a free space in a deep underground while effectively avoiding the collapse of the natural ground. It will be possible. Further, in the above device, by supporting the support on the inner surface of the shaft, the entire device is supported,
Prescribed excavation and immediate lining are possible. That is, a predetermined fan-shaped plane excavation is performed by excavating the device downward with the face cutter, extending the cutter boom in the horizontal direction and excavating, and revolving the revolving structure to perform similar excavation. Immediately after this, the lining boom is swung to move the movable formwork mechanism for lining along the fan-shaped excavation arc-shaped wall surface, and concrete is placed to perform immediate lining. By repeating these operations, a bench cut of one step is performed, and by further repeating this in the depth direction, a dome-shaped space is finally constructed.

[0013]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. First, an excavation lining device according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the entire excavation lining machine, and FIGS. 2 and 3 are a side sectional view and a plan view of the same during excavation of a dome. As shown in these figures, a plurality of outriggers 2 are provided on the peripheral surface of a support body 1 formed in a cylindrical shape.
The whole device is supported by projecting from it and pressure-bonded to the inner surface of the vertical shaft 10. On the other hand, a cylinder 3 is provided which can pass through the support 1 and move up and down (slide) up and down, and a revolving structure 4 is provided at the lower end of the cylinder 3 so as to be rotatable around the cylinder central axis.

On the body of the revolving structure 4, two horizontally extending cutter booms 5 and a lining boom 7 are provided so as to face each other. A rotary blade device (excavation cutter) 6 capable of excavating a concave groove is provided at the tip of the cutter boom 5, and a movable formwork mechanism 8 for immediately lining the wall surface after excavation is provided at the tip of the lining boom. ing. A face cutter 9 is provided on the bottom surface of the revolving structure 1, and the face cutter 9 excavates the same circular shape as the vertical shaft 10 downward. That is, while the face cutter 9 excavates the ground at the bottom, the cylinder 3 extends (or allows the face cutter 9 itself to move downward) so that it can be excavated to a certain depth downward. Thus, the excavation lining device M of the present invention
Has both excavation and lining functions.
Inside the hollow of the cylinder 3, a power line such as a cable and a hydraulic line, and a line 11 for supplying concrete for lining are installed. The excavation lining device M
Is lowered by a ground support facility (not shown) into a vertical shaft 10 that has been preliminarily constructed by a wall construction method, etc., and the support 1 is supported at the lower part of the vertical shaft 10 by an outrigger 2 or the like so that the inner peripheral surface of the vertical shaft 2 receives a reaction force. By doing so, the entire device is supported.

Next, in order to construct a dome D having a diameter of 50 m and a height of 35 m by using the above-mentioned excavation lining device M based on FIGS. 4 to 6, a height of about 30 cm (this height is set The method of performing excavation and wall lining at the same time in parallel while forming a bench) will be described.

As shown in FIG. 4 (a), the device is lowered from a support facility on the ground to the lower part of the tubular shaft 10 previously constructed by the wall construction method, and the support 1 is placed at a predetermined position so that the outriggers 2 can be installed. The whole device is supported by being projected and pressure-bonded to the inner surface of the vertical shaft 10. After that, the face cutter 9 at the bottom of the revolving structure 4 is operated to excavate the ground having the same diameter as the vertical shaft 10 while extending the cylinder 3. At this time, the cutter boom 5 and the lining boom 7 are shortened and are in the stored state. Next, as shown in the drawing, the cutter at the tip of the cutter boom 5 is operated to excavate the cutter boom 5 in the horizontal direction while excavating. As a result, the lower end of the vertical shaft 10 is excavated, and mortar is placed therein to form the lower supporting portion (dome roof supporting portion) 10A of the vertical shaft 10.

Next, the face cutter 9 is actuated in the same manner as shown by the phantom line in FIG. 4 (b) to excavate downward, and the revolving structure 4 in the retracted state is extended by lowering the cylinder. Here, the first stage bench cut is performed. FIG. 4 (b) shows a state in which the machine has already excavated the middle stage of dome D. The subsequent excavation states of the bottom portion D ₁ of the dome D and the bottom portion inversion portion D ₂ are also shown by imaginary lines. As can be seen from this figure, the dome D is formed of a number of bench cut steps.

Here, a method of excavating a bench cut will be described with reference to FIG. This drawing is represented by a plan view of the cutter boom 5. The lower diagram shows this sequence of operations. First, the lining boom 7 is shortened and retracted, and the cutter of the cutter boom 5 is operated to excavate the natural ground, and the cutter boom 5 is extended in the horizontal direction to advance (operation). After excavating up to the distance of 1, the cutter boom 5 is once shortened to the original storage position (operation). Then, the revolving unit 4 is swung slightly clockwise (operation), and then the cutter boom 5 is extended in the horizontal direction while excavating the second row with the cutter (operation). When the excavation is completed up to the predetermined position, the revolving unit 4 is swiveled backward to excavate the remaining portion of the previous excavation with the side cutter (operation).

Then, after that, the cutter boom 5 is shortened (operation), turned again clockwise (operation), and the third row is similarly excavated (operation). By repeating such operations, excavation in a fan shape in plan view within a predetermined center angle range (about 60 ° in this example) as shown in FIG. 6 (a) (hereinafter referred to as “fan plane”). "Excavation") A ₁ is completed.

After one fan-shaped plane excavation A ₁ is completed as described above, the cutter boom 5 shown in FIG. 5 is shortened to the retracted position, and the revolving unit 4 is swiveled until the lining boom 7 reaches the excavation position. Then, the lining boom 7 is extended to near the arc-shaped wall surface W of the fan-shaped excavation portion. here,
A lining is applied to the wall surface (immediate lining) using the movable formwork mechanism 8 equipped at the tip of the boom. In this case, while revolving the revolving unit 4, the form 8 is moved along the arcuate wall surface W of the excavation section to perform lining with underwater special mortar,
The lining of the excavated wall surface W is completed. As shown in the side cross-sectional view of the dome space D in FIG. 7, the thick line indicates the arc-shaped wall surface W,
The shaded portion is the lining L.

Next, after the lining boom 7 is again shortened to the retracted position, it is turned 120 ° from the reference position in this embodiment as shown in FIG. 6 (b). Then, here, the same fan-shaped plane excavation A ₂ as described above is performed. As a result, the excavated state is as shown in FIG. 6 (b). In other words, with the reference point at 0 °, excavation with a central angle of 0 to 60 ° and immediate wall lining are performed, and then 60 ° to
Do not excavate at 120 ° and leave it as it is with the natural ground G ₁ while supporting the lining member of the upper bench cut stage,
Perform fan-shaped plane excavation A ₂ in the range of ° to 180 °. Then, similarly, after the immediate wall lining here, similarly performs sector plane excavation A ₃ as the range of a central angle 240 to 300 ° of FIG. 6 (c), the immediate wall lining. After this, the parts G ₁ , G ₂ , and G ₃ left as the ground before were fan-shaped excavated in the order of A ₄ -A ₅ -A _{6 in} the same manner as above.
Immediate wall lining is done, and finally the one-stage bench is completed.

As described above, according to the method of the present invention, the fan-shaped plane excavation and the immediate wall lining in the predetermined center angle range are performed, and a certain amount of natural ground is left, and the upper lining member is held by the natural ground. This is to perform fan-shaped plane excavation and immediate wall lining within a predetermined center angle range. Then, the center cutter of the next bench is excavated by the face cutter while pushing down the cylinder for the next plane excavation, the face cutter is stored after the excavation, and the cylinder is lowered to prepare for the plane excavation and lining. When forming the bench on the next stage, avoid the seam of the bench on the upper stage, and work while receiving the seam on the bench plane of the lower stage so that there is no collapse from the seam. Then, the above work is repeated to form the dome space D composed of a multi-stage bench as shown in FIG. 4 (c).
Sediment generated by face cutter and concave groove excavation (plane excavation) is sucked by a slurry suction pipe provided on the side surface of the face cutter, collected through the cylinder to the ground, and re-input only water after sediment separation. To do so.

Further, as shown in FIG. 7, when a plane is continuously formed in a fan shape, the arcuate wall surface W has a vertically raised cross section, and in order to construct a hemispherical dome D with this continuous dome excavation cross section. Has a staircase shape and becomes wider toward the bottom. Therefore, the primary lining of the wall surface has a shape in which the thickness in the radial direction is changed according to the elevation angle of the dome because it is necessary to support the upper lining L member.

When excavating by the above method, the bottom plate invert D ₂ (Fig. 4) which is structurally necessary for constructing a deep underground space
The excavation of (b)) can also be performed at the same time, and it is possible to easily perform without excavating the device. The D ₂ concrete can be filled into the bottom plate invert without using a lining boom by pouring a highly fluid underwater special concrete from the lower part of the cylinder. However, it is difficult to insert the reinforcing bar underwater and because the main body is still installed in the shaft, it is difficult to perform the installation.

The secondary lining of the dome according to this method can be started up from the vicinity of the bottom plate by the normal winding method. However, depending on the lining thickness of the secondary lining, the device is temporarily collected on the ground, The formwork mechanism can be replaced with a dedicated one.

Further, if this method is adopted, it is also an aerial work to expand the brim at the connecting portion between the dome roof 10A (Fig. 4 (b)) and the vertical shaft in constructing a deep underground space. Lateral excavation is possible, and it is possible to perform excavation and rebar construction, bolting, formwork manual assembly, and concrete filling with the main body installed in the vertical shaft.

The above-mentioned excavation lining machine is designed to operate in a submerged environment. However, when it is used on the ground, it can be modified to a design suitable for the ground, so that it is not limited to use in a submerged state, and for example, soft rock. As described above, it is also applicable when excavating rock with high uniaxial compressive strength in the air to construct a large-diameter (about 50-60 m diameter) vertical hole.

[0028]

According to the method and apparatus of the present invention, the wall surface can be lining immediately after excavation. As a result, it is possible to construct a deep underground space while avoiding the collapse of the ground, and eventually to expand its use. Can contribute to. In other words, the wall lining is completed within a few days from the start of excavation, and the arc-shaped wall of the excavation part is shielded from the water in the dome, avoiding problems such as swelling due to water and scouring of the wall. it can. Also,
According to this method, since flat fan-shaped excavation is performed while leaving a certain range of ground, it is possible to perform bench cutting while supporting the upper lining member by the ground.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an entire excavation lining device.

FIG. 2 is a side sectional view of the same device during excavation of a dome.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of the same.

FIG. 4 is a side view showing a method of excavating an underground space with time, (a) a situation diagram of forming a dome roof support portion, and (b) constructing a dome space by excavating a bench cut step thereafter. FIG.

FIG. 5 is a plan view showing the outline of one fan-shaped plane excavation.

6 (a) and 6 (b) are schematic perspective views showing a procedure for constructing one bench-cut stage.

FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the dome space showing a state in which a lining is applied to the excavated wall surface.

[Explanation of symbols]

M ... Excavation lining device 1 ... Support body 2 ... Outrigger 3 ... Cylinder 4 ... Revolving body 5 ... Cutter boom 6 ... Excavation cutter 7 ... Lining boom 8 ... Moving formwork mechanism 9 ... Face cutter 10 ... Vertical shaft A _{1 to} A ₆ ... Fan-shaped plane excavation G _{2 to} G ₃ … Ground D… Dome (space) W… Arc wall L… Lining

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Yoshio Masaho 1-1 Kawasaki-cho, Akashi-shi, Hyogo Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd. Akashi factory (72) Inventor Keizo Nakamura 2-4-1 Hamamatsucho, Minato-ku, Tokyo No. World Trade Center Building Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. Tokyo head office (72) Inventor Hisashi Takenaka 1-3 2-3 Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo Shimizu Construction Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Shimizu 1-chome, Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo No. 2-3 Shimizu Corporation (72) Inventor Shuzo Nakamura 2-4 Daisaku, Sakura City, Chiba Prefecture Central Research Laboratory, Onoda Cement Co., Ltd. (72) Tatsuto Onishi, Daisaku Sakura City, Chiba Prefecture Central No. 4-2 Ono Cement Co., Ltd. Central Research Laboratory (56) Reference JP-A-2-112600 (JP, A)

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. The ground below the excavation lining machine is dug down to a certain depth, and then fan-shaped plane excavation within a predetermined center angle range is performed. Then, the arc-shaped wall surface of the fan-shaped excavated portion is immediately lining. Then, turn the excavation lining machine to leave a certain range of ground, perform fan-shaped flat excavation within the predetermined center angle range from there, and immediately lining it, and then drill lining to leave a certain range of ground. After turning the machine, the same excavation as above
Immediate lining and finally 360 ° flat excavation to form one bench cut step, then the excavation lining
An excavation lining method in a deep underground space, characterized in that the machine is lowered to the lower part of the bench cut stage and the above-mentioned work is repeated to construct a dome-shaped underground space. 2. A retractable cutter boom having a support body supported on an inner surface of a vertical shaft, the cylinder being provided so as to be able to move up and down, the revolving structure being provided at a lower portion of the cylinder, and the revolving structure having an excavating cutter at a tip thereof. An excavation lining device in a deep underground space characterized in that a retractable lining boom having a movable formwork mechanism for lining is provided at the tip, and a face cutter is provided at the bottom of the revolving structure.