JP2505379B2 - Attachment / detachment mechanism for construction machinery - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a construction machine used for digging and leveling earth and sand, and in particular, detachably connecting an accessory for performing various civil engineering works to a tip of an arm. An attachment / detachment mechanism for a construction machine capable of

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in construction machines, especially excavators, machines used for trench digging and back digging called backhoes, accessories attached to an arm are often replaced for the purpose of the operation. there were. This excavator was widely used in civil engineering and construction work.
In this excavator, a bucket for excavating earth and sand is connected to the tip of an arm. By swinging this arm and the bucket vertically with a hydraulic cylinder, it is possible to save labor and improve work efficiency in the work of digging earth and sand and forming a groove.

However, these days, the excavator is not used only for the purpose of simple drilling work, but it is often used for other work purposes by utilizing its mechanism. That is,
BACKGROUND ART Buckets attached to arms are connected to accessories for other work, and applications for specific civil work and construction work are becoming popular. For example, buckets with different excavation widths may be attached to work depending on the hardness of earth and sand and the width of grooves. In addition, a breaker may be connected to the tip of the arm, or a grip may be attached to the arm for breaking work or cargo handling work. By combining these various accessories with the arm, the excavator can be used for various construction work, and the applicability at the work site can be spread.

In the case of changing the accessory to the tip of the arm, the conventional work of changing the attachment is complicated. First, the bucket attached to the end of the arm had to be removed and accessories for other uses had to be manually connected. In this manual work, the two connecting pins connecting the arm and the bucket must be removed and the bucket must be separated from the arm.
Then, after connecting other accessories to the arm, a connecting pin had to be inserted between the accessory and the arm.

A series of operations for attaching and detaching accessories to and from the excavator have been performed manually. Moreover, a plurality of workers are required for the work of attachment and detachment, and the number of workers is required, which hinders the efficiency at the work site. Further, it takes a lot of time to insert and remove the connecting pin and replace the accessory, and it is not possible to quickly replace the optimum accessory at the work site.

For this reason, if the accessories can be quickly attached to and detached from the end of the arm according to the purpose of use at the work site and the number of workers required can be reduced, civil engineering and construction At the work site, it was possible to improve work efficiency.

[0007]

Accordingly, if only the operator operating the excavator can remove the accessory attached to the tip of the arm and replace it with the accessory for another purpose, the replacement is required. Does not need other workers for
The number of workers can be reduced. In addition, when connecting the arm and accessory, not only by simply hooking them together, but by connecting the shaft holes by pin connection, the accessory and arm can be sufficiently held even if a large acting force is applied. There is little deformation of.

Therefore, the same inventor as the inventor of the present application has proposed an accessory attaching / detaching mechanism in which a pair of engaging claws which can be expanded and contracted vertically are provided at the tip of the arm in order to solve this problem. Japanese Patent Application No. 196763, 2nd year, Japanese Patent Application No. 250, 2nd year
697). Similarly, a structure is also proposed in which a claw is provided on the upper side of the tip of the arm, and a connecting pin that can be extended to the left and right is provided below the claw (Japanese Patent Application No. 2243203).
No. 243204 of Japanese Patent Application No. 2). Furthermore, a horizontal groove is opened at the tip of the arm, the accessory is hooked with the claw above the tip of the arm, and then the connecting rod fixed to the accessory is inserted into this groove and grasped. Is also proposed (Japanese Patent Application No. Hei 2 305558).

[0009] In these newly proposed configurations, the configuration is extremely complicated, and the connection between the arm and the accessory is engaged by the upward claws instead of the pin connection.
When a large acting force was applied to the accessory, the nail was deformed and it was difficult to withstand long-term use. In addition, between the arm and the accessory, both of them often rotate and operate during the work, and therefore, it is preferable that both of them are connected by pin holes and pin connection by pin connection.

It has been desired to develop an accessory attaching / detaching mechanism for a construction machine, which facilitates the connection of the arm and the accessory, simplifies the positioning of the pin hole for inserting the connecting pin, and allows the accessory and the arm to be pin-connected. Further, if desired, in connecting the arm and the accessory with the connecting pin, it is preferable that the arm and the accessory are pin-connected at the front and rear two places. In this, the arm and the accessory are usually connected so as to form a link mechanism, and both are swingably connected so that the angle can be changed in the working mode. Therefore, when an acting force is applied to the accessory, the force concentrates on the connecting portion, and if the arm and the accessory are connected with only one connecting pin, the member is easily deformed. Therefore, in the mechanism for connecting the arm and the accessory, it is preferable to connect the both at two or more places by pins.

From the above, by using a simple mechanism, it is easy to connect the arm and the accessory, and by accurately positioning the front and rear pin holes, the accessory and the arm can be easily installed at two or more places. It was desired to develop an attachment / detachment mechanism for construction machinery that can be pin-connected to the.

[0012]

According to the present invention, there is provided a movable vehicle body, a boom which is placed on the vehicle body and which can be vertically swung, and an accessory which is detachably connected to a tip end of the boom for performing civil engineering work. a construction machine comprising a goods, the right and left end of the boom provided with a link forming a pin hole capable of inserting or removing the connecting pin up and down, down respectively on the outside of each link
It provided the swing link in which the pin hole side as the center of swinging swingably and upward respectively at the upper end of each swing link engaging
A mating groove is formed, and a pin hole is formed in the accessory at four front and rear positions so that their axes are parallel to each other, and the engaging groove of the swing link is inserted inside one of the pin holes. An attachment / detachment mechanism for a construction machine, characterized in that a mating ring is fixed, and an interval between pin holes of an engagement groove and a link and an interval between pin holes of an accessory are the same.

Further , according to the present invention, a movable vehicle body and
A boom that can be placed on the body of
Attached to the tip of the boom detachably for civil engineering work
Left and right of the tip of the boom in a construction machine consisting of
Each link has a pin hole on the top and bottom.
On the outside of the link, there is a rocking ring with a pin hole opened below it.
The shaft of the pin hole opened at the end of the boom
Line and the lower pin hole of each link and the pin hole of each swing link
Align the axes so that each link and
The rocks are arranged so that they can be swung freely.
Forming an engaging groove directed upwards,
Distance between paired pin holes and pin hole and engaging groove in swing link
Set so that the intervals of the
Place a pair of plate-shaped mounting bodies so that they are parallel to each other.
It is fixed and each axis is attached to the front and rear of each mounting body.
Open the pin holes so that they are parallel to each other.
Inside of this, one pin hole and its central opening almost coincide
And fix the engagement ring, and pin holes on the front and back of each mounting body.
The spacing of is almost equal to the spacing of both pin holes in the link.
And set the engaging ring in the engaging groove of the swing link.
Insert and determine the position, and the pin holes on each link and each mounting
After inserting the connecting pin into one of the pin holes on the body ,
Connect the connecting pin to the lower pin hole and the other pin hole of each mounting body.
Attach the accessory to the tip of the boom by inserting it.
We provide a mechanism for attaching and detaching accessories for construction machinery.
It is something.

Further preferably, the swing link is
Not to fall forward more than the required angle with respect to the link
Attached to the construction machine, which is equipped with a stopper on the
An article attaching / detaching mechanism is provided.

[0015]

In the present invention, the arm is provided at the tip thereof with a link having upper and lower pin holes, and a swing link capable of swinging on both outsides of the link. Engagement grooves are formed at the upper ends of the swing links. The accessory has pin holes opened at four front and rear positions such that the axes are parallel to each other, and a ring-shaped engagement ring is fixed to one of the pin holes. When attaching accessories to the arm,
The swinging link is tilted forward to position the engaging groove forward, and the engaging groove is inserted into the engaging ring to position the upper pin hole of the link and the accessory pin hole. Then, the connecting pin is inserted into both pin holes, and first, the arm and one of the accessories are connected. By inclining the link, the lower pin hole of the link and the other pin hole of the accessory are positioned, and the connecting pin is inserted into both pin holes to connect the other pin holes.

According to such a procedure, the position of the pin hole can be determined by inserting the engaging ring into the engaging groove of the swinging link even if only one operator is present, which facilitates the attachment and detachment. In addition, since the arm and the accessory can be connected by the upper and lower two connecting pins, the swing between the arm and the accessory becomes smooth, and the force is not concentrated on a specific member due to the acting force. Deformation can be prevented.

[0017]

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In this embodiment, FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the entire excavator showing a state in which an accessory attaching / detaching mechanism is provided at the tip of the arm, and FIG. 2 is an enlarged view showing the tip portion of the arm of the excavator, and FIG. FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing the shape of each member in the arm and the accessory, FIG. 4 is a plan view showing the shape of each member in the arm and the accessory, and FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the tip of the arm. 6 is a perspective view showing a state in which an accessory is hooked on the arm.

Crawlers 2 are provided respectively on the lower left and right sides of a vehicle body 1 accommodating an engine and the like, and the crawler 2 allows the vehicle body 1 to freely move forward, backward, leftward and rightward. A boom 3 bent in a slightly V shape is attached to the front of the vehicle body 1 so as to be vertically swingable.
Hydraulic cylinders 4 for raising and lowering are respectively interposed between the right and left of the center of the boom 3 and the front surface of the vehicle body 1, and the boom 3 is swung up and down by the hydraulic cylinders 4. .

An elongated arm 5 is vertically swingably connected to the upper end of the boom 3, and a swing hydraulic cylinder 6 is provided between the center of the rear surface of the boom 3 and the rear end of the arm 5. Is intervened. With this hydraulic cylinder 6, the arm 5 can be swung up and down with respect to the boom 3. A rear end of the bucket cylinder 7 is connected to the center of the rear surface of the arm 5, and a rising link 9 is connected to the left and right ends of the cylinder rod 8 of the bucket cylinder 7. The lower ends of the rising links 9 are connected to both sides near the tip of the arm 5.

A pair of connecting links 10 are connected in parallel to the tip of the cylinder rod 8, and the connecting links 10 are directed toward the tip of the arm 5. An operating link 11 is arranged in parallel between the tip of the connecting link 10 and the tip of the arm 5, and the operating link 11 is swingably connected to the arm 5. These arms 5, start-up links 9, connecting links 10, operating links 1
1 forms a rotatable link mechanism. A swing link 12 is connected to both sides of each operation link 11 so as to swing in the front-rear direction. Engagement grooves 13 are formed at the upper ends of the swing links 12 so as to open upward in a U shape.

Pin holes 14 and 15 penetrating in the left-right direction are formed at the upper and lower ends of the operating link 11. The position of the pin hole 15 is aligned with the rotation axis of the operation link 11 and the arm 5, and the rotation axis of the swing link 12 with respect to the operation link 11. The connecting pins 16 and 17 can be inserted into and removed from the pin holes 14 and 15 respectively.

The bucket 18 shown in FIG. 1 has a conventionally known shape, and a pair of flat plate-shaped mounting members 19 are fixed in parallel to the outer periphery of the bucket 18. Pin holes 20 and 21 are opened in front of and behind the mounting body 19, respectively, and the axes of the pair of pin holes 20 and the axes of the pair of pin holes 21 are arranged in parallel. The distance between the axes of the pair of pin holes 20 and 21 is the same as the distance between the axes of the pin holes 14 and 15.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view showing the accessory attaching / detaching mechanism near the tip of the arm 5. Pins 25 are inserted left and right at the tip of the cylinder rod 8, and connecting links 10 and 10 located at the left and right of the cylinder rod 8 are rotatably inserted in the pins 25. In addition, the start-up link 9 is located on the left and right of the connecting link 10 and has the pin 2
5 is rotatably inserted. These rising links 9 extend downward, and their lower ends are rotatably connected to the vicinity of the tip of the arm 5 by a pin 26. The operating links 11 are arranged on the left and right of the tip of the arm 5, and each extends upward, and the upper end of the operating link 11 and the tip of the connecting link 10 are rotatably connected. A curler 27 is interposed between the tips of the two connecting links 10. A pin hole 14 is opened in the upper portion of the operating link 11 so as to penetrate the connecting link 10 and the curler 27.

Swing links 12 are rotatably connected to the left and right positions of the operating link 11, and the swing link 12 is coaxially connected to the lower portion of the operating link 11. Then, the swing link 12, the operation link 1
A pin hole 15 is opened so as to pass through 1 and the arm 5. Therefore, centering around the pin hole 15,
The operation link 11 and the swing link 12 are connected so as to swing coaxially. At the center of the rear part (right side in FIG. 2) of the swing link 12, a stopper 28 extending in the central direction of the arm 5 is projected, and the tip of this stopper 28 is an inwardly bent L-shaped stopper. It is part 29. This stop 29
Can contact the central side surface of the operating link 11, and regulates the swinging link 12 so as not to incline to the front side at a certain angle or more. Further, a U-shaped engaging groove 13 is cut and formed in each upper end of the swinging link 12, and the distance between the engaging groove 13 and the axis of the pin hole 15 is equal to that of the pin hole 14. And the axial center of the pin hole 15 are aligned with each other.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view showing the relationship between the mounting body 19 fixed to the bucket 18, the operation link 11, and the swing link 12. A pair of flat plate-shaped mounting bodies 19 are fixed to the back surface of the bucket 18 at intervals, and the inner spacing between both mounting bodies 19 is set to A.
An engaging ring 31 having an opening having the same diameter as the pin hole 20 is fixed to the inner surfaces of the two mounting bodies 19 and coaxially with the pin hole 20, and the outer diameter of the engaging ring 31 is It is set to C. This pin hole 20 is the connecting pin 16
The inside diameter is set so that can be inserted.

The distance between the left and right sides of the operating link 11 connected to the tip of the arm 5 is set to B, and the distance between the left and right sides of the swing link 12 is set to A. Further, the inner diameter of the engagement groove 13 formed in the swing link 12 is set to the same C as that of the engagement ring 31.

Further, FIG. 4 is a plan view showing the relationship between the distances A, B and C of the respective members described in FIG. As can be seen in this figure, the entire swing link 12 can be inserted into the space between the mounting bodies 19, 19 and the engagement ring 3 is formed in the engagement groove 13 formed in the swing link 12.
1 can be inserted. The actuating links 11, 11 on both sides are set so that they can slide between the pair of engaging rings 31, 31.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing the vicinity of the tip of the arm 5. In this state, the connecting pin 17 is inserted into the pin holes 15 and 21, and the bucket 18 is connected to the tip of the arm 5. Is shown. At the tip of the arm 5, there is fixedly attached a shaft support body 35 which is internally penetrated and opened, and the lower side surfaces of the actuation links 11 are closely attached to both sides of the shaft support body 35, respectively. A cylindrical bearing 36 is fixed to the lower surface of one of the swing links 12, and the bearing 36 is inserted through the opening of the shaft support 35.
The tip of the is passed through the operation link 11 and exposed to the other side of the arm 5. The lower surface of the other swing link 12 is closely attached to the tip of the bearing 36, and the bearing 36 and the swing link 12 are connected by a screw 37.

Therefore, the bearing 36 allows the two swing links 12 to rotate back and forth around the shaft support 35, and the two operating links 11 can freely rotate along the outer circumference of the bearing 36. can do. In other words, the operation link 11 and the swing link 12 can rotate on the same axis at the tip of the arm 5, and the through hole at the center of the bearing 36 corresponds to the pin hole 15. become. The inner wall of the mounting body 19 is in contact with both sides of the swing link 12, and the pin hole 21
By inserting the connecting pin 17 into the pin hole 15, the mounting body 19 and the arm 5 are connected. Also,
A washer 39 is inserted through the tip of the connecting pin 17 inserted through the pin holes 21 and 15, and then the connecting pin 17 is inserted.
A split pin 38 is inserted at a right angle in the tip of the to prevent the split pin 38 from falling off.

Next, referring to FIGS. 6, 7, 8 and 9, a procedure for designing the bucket 18 at the tip of the arm 5 will be described. In this description, as shown in FIG. 7, the bucket 18 is placed on the ground, an operator rides on the driver's seat of the vehicle body 1, and the boom 3 and the arm 5 are actuated so that the operator of the excavator can arm the arm alone. A procedure for mounting the bucket 18 on the vehicle 5 will be described.

First, FIG. 7 shows a state in which no accessory for the civil engineering work (here, the bucket 18) is attached to the tip of the arm 5, and the operation for attaching the bucket 18 to the tip of the arm 5 will now be described. Will be done.

Before starting this mounting operation, the bucket cylinder 7 is operated, the cylinder rod 8 is extended to the maximum extent, and the operation link 11 is tilted forward to be used. In this case, the swing link 12 rotates about the shaft support body 35 due to its own weight, and is inclined to the front side of the operation link 11. At this time, the stopper portion 29 formed on the swing link 12 is in contact with the side surface of the operation link 11, and is regulated so as not to open beyond the operation link 11 beyond a certain angle. In this way, the operation link 11 and the swing link 12 open like a fan bone, and the engaging groove 13 formed at the upper end of the swing link 12 faces the front side as shown in the figure.

By operating the hydraulic cylinders 4 and 6 in cooperation with each other in this state, the boom 3 and the arm 5 are swung up and down, and the tip of the arm 5 is moved closer to the mounting body 19 of the bucket 18. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7, the pair of swing links 12 can be inserted into the space between the mounting bodies 19. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the distance between the inner walls of the mounting body 19 is A, and the distance between the outer sides of the swing links 12 is A. (See FIG. 6). Further swing the boom 3 and the arm 5 as they are,
When the engaging ring 31 is fitted into the engaging groove 13 and pushed in, since the inner diameter of the engaging groove 13 is C and the outer diameter of the engaging ring 31 is C, the engaging ring 31 is inserted in the engaging groove 13. Is inserted.

Then, the hydraulic cylinders 4 and 6 are made to cooperate with each other to lower the arm 5 downward so that the engaging ring 3 is inserted into the engaging groove 13.
Insert 1 to the back. When the arm 5 is lowered further, the swing link 12 is rotated relative to the operating link 11 this time, and the operating link 11 is inserted into the internal space of the mounting body 19. Then, the pin hole 14 of the actuation link 11 is positioned at the position of the pin hole 20 of the engagement ring 31, and the axes of the two are aligned. If this state is maintained, the connecting pin 16 is inserted into the pin hole 20 from the side surface of the mounting body 19, and the connecting pin 16 is inserted through the pin holes 20 and 14. Therefore, the connecting link 10, the operating link 11, and the mounting body 19 are pin-connected by the connecting pin 16. FIG. 8 shows a state in which the bucket 18 is connected to the connecting points of the connecting link 10 and the operating link 11 by inserting the connecting pin 16.

When the pin holes 14 and 20 are connected by the connecting pin 16 as described above, the hydraulic cylinders 4 and 6 are actuated to lift the boom 3 and the arm 5 a little as shown in FIG. Pull up a little from the ground. After that, the bucket cylinder 7 is operated to reduce the cylinder rod 8, and the rising link 9 is rotated about the pin 26.
Is pulled to rotate the operating link 11 about the bearing 36. Then, the bucket 18 is also pulled upward in accordance with the rotation of the operation link 11, and the bucket 18 rotates counterclockwise with respect to the operation link 11 by its own weight as shown in FIG. When the bucket 18 approaches the operation link 11, the pin hole 15 and the pin hole 21 approach each other, and the axes of the pin holes 15 and 21 coincide with each other. After that, by inserting the connecting pin 17 into the pin holes 15 and 21, the bucket 18 is pin-connected to the tip of the arm 5.

By this series of procedures, the bucket 18 can be attached to the tip of the arm 5. In order to remove the bucket 18 from the tip of the arm 5, the connecting pins 17 and 16 are reversed according to the procedure shown in FIGS.
Can be performed by alternately pulling out.

[0037]

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to easily align the two pin holes attached to the tip of the arm and the two pin holes provided in the accessory with a simple structure. It can be performed and the arm and the accessory can be connected with two connecting pins. Due to this pin connection, the connection between the two becomes extremely strong and the rotation becomes smooth. Therefore, even if a large force is applied to the accessory, the risk of deformation of the member is reduced.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall perspective view showing a structure in which a bucket is connected to an arm of an excavator.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view showing the configuration of each part near the tip of the arm.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged perspective view showing a mechanism near a tip of an arm and a mechanism of a bucket.

FIG. 4 is a plan view showing the relationship between the vicinity of the tip of the arm and the members on the bucket.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which a bucket is attached to the tip of an arm.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a positional relationship between an arm and a bucket.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing a state before the tip of the arm approaches the bucket.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which the arm and the bucket are connected by one connecting pin.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which the arm and the bucket are connected by two connecting pins. 1 Body 3 Boom 5 Arm 7 Bucket Cylinder 9 Start-up Link 10 Connecting Link 11 Actuating Link 12 Swing Link 13 Engaging Groove 14 Pin Hole 15 Pin Hole 16 Connecting Pin 17 Connecting Pin 18 Bucket 19 Mounting Body 20 Pin Hole 21 Pin Hole 31 Engagement ring

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A construction machine comprising a movable vehicle body, a boom placed on the vehicle body and swingable up and down, and an accessory detachably connected to the tip of the boom for detachably carrying out civil engineering work. On the left and right of the tip of the boom are provided links with upper and lower pin holes into which connecting pins can be inserted and removed, and the lower pin holes on the outside of each link serve as the center of swing.
The swing links are provided so that they can swing freely, and the upper end of each swing link
Each has an engaging groove directed upward, and the accessory has pin holes formed at four front and rear positions so that the axes of the two are parallel to each other. An attachment / detachment mechanism for a construction machine, characterized in that an engagement ring into which an engagement groove is inserted is fixed, and an interval between a pin hole of an engagement groove and a link and an interval between pin holes of an accessory are the same. 2. A construction machine comprising a movable vehicle body, a boom placed on the vehicle body and capable of swinging up and down, and an accessory for detachably connecting to the tip of the boom for performing civil engineering work, Links with open pin holes are provided on the left and right of the boom tip, and swing links with pin holes are provided on the outside of each link on the outside of each link. Align the axis and the lower pin hole of each link with the axis of the pin hole of each swing link, and arrange each link and each swing link to the boom so that they can swing freely. Each have an engaging groove directed upward, and the spacing between the pair of pin holes in the link and the spacing between the pin hole and the engaging groove in the swing link are set to be almost equal. A pair of plates that are placed parallel to each other Secure the attached mounting body, and open two pin holes at the front and rear of each mounting body so that the axes are parallel to each other.On the inside of each mounting body, one pin hole and its central opening To fix the engaging ring so that the distance between the front and rear pin holes of each mounting body is almost equal to the distance between the two pin holes in the link, and engage the engaging ring in the engaging groove of the swing link. To determine the position, insert the connecting pin into the upper pin hole of each link and one pin hole of each mounting body, and then insert it into the lower pin hole of the link and the other pin hole of each mounting body. An accessory attachment / detachment mechanism for construction machinery, characterized in that an accessory is connected to the tip of the boom by inserting a connecting pin. 3. The accessory attachment / detachment mechanism for a construction machine according to claim 1, wherein the swing link is provided with a stopper so as not to fall forward more than a required angle with respect to the link.