JP2024510083A - エネルギー貯蔵器および設備 - Google Patents
エネルギー貯蔵器および設備 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2024510083A JP2024510083A JP2023547563A JP2023547563A JP2024510083A JP 2024510083 A JP2024510083 A JP 2024510083A JP 2023547563 A JP2023547563 A JP 2023547563A JP 2023547563 A JP2023547563 A JP 2023547563A JP 2024510083 A JP2024510083 A JP 2024510083A
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- Prior art keywords
- hot water
- energy
- processor
- demand
- heat
- Prior art date
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Images
Classifications
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- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
- F28D20/021—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material and the heat-exchanging means being enclosed in one container
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
- F28D20/028—Control arrangements therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D10/00—District heating systems
- F24D10/003—Domestic delivery stations having a heat exchanger
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
- F24D2200/08—Electric heater
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
- F24D2200/12—Heat pump
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
- F24D2200/14—Solar energy
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
- F24D2220/04—Sensors
- F24D2220/042—Temperature sensors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
- F24D2220/04—Sensors
- F24D2220/044—Flow sensors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
- F24D2220/10—Heat storage materials, e.g. phase change materials or static water enclosed in a space
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0068—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for refrigerant cycles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
- F28F2265/26—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction for allowing differential expansion between elements
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
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Abstract
Description
全開時に所定の流量を有する制御可能な給湯口と、
エネルギーを潜熱として貯蔵する相変化材料を有するエネルギー貯蔵媒体を含み再生可能エネルギーの供給源からエネルギーを受け取るように構成された熱エネルギー貯蔵部と、
再生可能エネルギー源と、
を含み、
前記給湯システムは、前記プロセッサの制御の下で、前記再生可能エネルギー源、前記熱エネルギー貯蔵部からのエネルギー、および任意で前記熱エネルギー貯蔵部と前記給湯口との間にある補助温水器のうちの1つ以上を選択して使用して、前記給湯口に供給される水を目標システム供給温度まで加熱するように動作可能であり、
前記熱エネルギー貯蔵部は、完全にチャージされたときに、所定の流量で、前記目標システム供給温度で、少なくとも8分間、好ましくは少なくとも10分間、湯を前記給湯口に供給するのに十分なエネルギー貯蔵容量を有し、
前記再生可能エネルギー源は、前記プロセッサの制御下で建物の暖房を提供するようにも構成され、
前記プロセッサは、
前記給湯システムからの実際の給湯需要を監視し、
監視された前記実際の需要に基づいて、前記給湯システムからの将来の給湯需要を予測し、
前記予測された需要を満たすのに十分なエネルギーが蓄えられるように、前記熱エネルギー貯蔵部をプリチャージし、
前記再生可能エネルギー源からの熱を、建物の暖房ではなく、前記相変化材料のチャージにも転用するように構成されている給湯システムが提供される。
前記給湯システムは全開時に所定の流量を有する制御可能な給湯口を有し、
前記暖房設備は、
エネルギーを潜熱として貯蔵する相変化材料を有するエネルギー貯蔵媒体を含み再生可能エネルギーの供給源からエネルギーを受け取るように構成された熱エネルギー貯蔵部と、
再生可能エネルギー源と、
を含み、
前記給湯システムは、前記プロセッサの制御の下で、前記再生可能エネルギー源、前記熱エネルギー貯蔵部からのエネルギー、および任意で前記熱エネルギー貯蔵部と前記給湯口との間にある補助温水器のうちの1つ以上を選択して使用して、前記給湯口に供給される水を目標システム供給温度まで加熱するように動作可能であり、
前記熱エネルギー貯蔵部は、完全にチャージされたときに、所定の流量で、前記目標システム供給温度で、少なくとも8分間、好ましくは少なくとも10分間、湯を前記給湯口に供給するのに十分なエネルギー貯蔵容量を有し、
前記再生可能エネルギー源は、前記プロセッサの制御下で建物の暖房を提供するようにも構成され、
前記方法は、
前記給湯システムからの実際の給湯需要を監視する工程と、
監視された前記実際の需要に基づいて、前記給湯システムからの将来の給湯需要を予測する工程と、
前記予測された需要を満たすのに十分なエネルギーが蓄えられるように、前記熱エネルギー貯蔵部をプリチャージする工程と、
を含み、
前記プロセッサは、前記再生可能エネルギー源からの熱を、建物の暖房ではなく、前記相変化材料のチャージにも転用する方法が提供される。
熱交換器の入口側に熱を供給し始め、それによって相変化材料にエネルギーが投入される。次いで、プロセッサは、ステップ516において、十分なエネルギーが相変化材料の潜熱としてエネルギーバンクに蓄積されたかどうかを繰り返し判定する。プロセッサが、十分なエネルギーが相変化材料の潜熱としてエネルギーバンクに現在貯蔵されていると判断すると518、方法はステップ520に移行し、例えばプロセッサ30が適切な命令を送信することによって、ヒートポンプがオフにされる。プロセッサが、不十分なエネルギーが貯蔵されていると判断する522限り、方法は継続される。
相変化材料の1つの適切なクラスは、家庭用給湯やヒートポンプとの併用において想定される温度で固液相変化するパラフィンワックスである。特に興味深いのは、40~60℃の範囲で溶融するパラフィンワックスであり、この範囲内であれば、特定の用途に合わせて異なる温度で溶融するワックスを見つけることができる。典型的な潜熱容量は約180kJ/kgから230kJ/kgの間であり、比熱はおそらく液相では2.27Jg-1K-1、固相では2.1Jg-1K-1である。融解潜熱を利用することで、非常に多くのエネルギーを貯蔵できることがわかる。相変化液体を融点以上に加熱することで、より多くのエネルギーを貯蔵することもできる。例えば、電気代が比較的安く、間もなく湯が必要になることが予測できる場合(電気代が高くなりそうな、あるいは高くなることが分かっている場合)、通常よりも高い温度でヒートポンプを作動させ、熱エネルギー貯蔵器を「過熱」することは理にかなっている。
約44.5℃の融点を有するn-ドコサンC21
約52℃の融点を有するn-テトラコサンC23
約54℃の融点を有するn-ペンタコサンC25
約56.5℃の融点を有するn-ヘキサコサンC26
約59℃の融点を有するn-ヘプタコサンC27
約64.5℃の融点を有するn-オクタコサンC28
約65℃の融点を有するn-ノナコサンC29
約66℃の融点を有するn-トリアコサンC30
約67℃の融点を有するn-ヘントリアコサンC31
約69℃の融点を有するn-ドトリアコサンC32
約71℃の融点を有するn-トリアトリアコサンC33
約58~60℃の融点を有するパラフィンC22-C45
約66~68℃の融点を有するパラフィンC21-C50
約69~71℃の融点を有する
約71℃の融点を有するRT70HC
Claims (19)
- 給湯システムであって、
全開時に所定の流量を有する制御可能な給湯口と、
エネルギーを潜熱として貯蔵する相変化材料を有するエネルギー貯蔵媒体を含み再生可能エネルギーの供給源からエネルギーを受け取るように構成された熱エネルギー貯蔵部と、
再生可能エネルギー源と、
を含み、
前記給湯システムは、プロセッサの制御の下で、前記再生可能エネルギー源、前記熱エネルギー貯蔵部からのエネルギー、および任意で前記熱エネルギー貯蔵部と前記給湯口との間にある補助温水器のうちの1つ以上を選択して使用して、前記給湯口に供給される水を目標システム供給温度まで加熱するように動作可能であり、
前記熱エネルギー貯蔵部は、完全にチャージされたときに、所定の流量で、前記目標システム供給温度で、少なくとも8分間、好ましくは少なくとも10分間、湯を前記給湯口に供給するのに十分なエネルギー貯蔵容量を有し、
前記再生可能エネルギー源は、前記プロセッサの制御下で建物の暖房を提供するようにも構成され、
前記プロセッサは、
前記給湯システムからの実際の給湯需要を監視し、
監視された前記実際の需要に基づいて、前記給湯システムからの将来の給湯需要を予測し、
前記予測された需要を満たすのに十分なエネルギーが蓄えられるように、前記熱エネルギー貯蔵部をプリチャージし、
前記再生可能エネルギー源からの熱を、建物の暖房ではなく、前記相変化材料のチャージにも一時的に転用するように構成されている給湯システム。 - 前記再生可能エネルギーの供給源は、太陽熱温水器またはヒートポンプである請求項1に記載の給湯システム。
- 前記再生可能エネルギー源は、太陽熱温水器またはヒートポンプである請求項1または2に記載の給湯システム。
- 前記熱エネルギー貯蔵器がエネルギーを受け取るように構成されている前記再生可能エネルギーの供給源は、前記再生可能エネルギー源である請求項2を引用する請求項3に記載の給湯システム。
- 前記エネルギー貯蔵器は、電気加熱要素からの熱を使用して前記相変化材料をチャージすることを可能にするため、前記電気加熱要素を含む請求項1乃至4の何れか1項に記載の給湯システム。
- 前記プロセッサは、予測される将来の需要に基づいて、使用する前記エネルギーの前記コストを考慮して、前記PCMをいつ、どれだけチャージするのか決定するように構成されている請求項1乃至5の何れか1項に記載の給湯システム。
- 前記熱エネルギー貯蔵器は、任意で潜熱として5~10Mジュールを貯蔵するのに十分な相変化材料を含む請求項1乃至6の何れか1項に記載の給湯システム。
- 前記プロセッサは、前記給湯システムからの給湯に対する将来の需要を予測する際に、1つ以上の稼働率センサからのデータを使用するように構成されている請求項1乃至7の何れか1項に記載の給湯システム。
- 前記プロセッサは、前記給湯システムからの給湯に対する将来の需要を予測する際に、天気予報情報を使用するように構成されている請求項1乃至8の何れか1項に記載の給湯システム。
- 前記プロセッサは、前記給湯システムからの給湯に対する将来の需要を予測する際に、1つ以上の周囲温度センサからのデータを使用するように構成されている請求項1乃至9の何れか1項に記載の給湯システム。
- 前記給湯システムは単一の世帯を対象として、前記プロセッサは、前記給湯システムからの給湯に対する将来の需要を予測する際に、前記世帯の居住者のカレンダーおよびスケジュール情報を使用するように構成されている請求項1乃至10の何れか1項に記載の給湯システム。
- 給湯システム内の暖房設備を制御する方法であって、
前記給湯システムは全開時に所定の流量を有する制御可能な給湯口を有し、
前記暖房設備は、
エネルギーを潜熱として貯蔵する相変化材料を有するエネルギー貯蔵媒体を含み再生可能エネルギーの供給源からエネルギーを受け取るように構成された熱エネルギー貯蔵部と、
再生可能エネルギー源と、
を含み、
前記給湯システムは、プロセッサの制御の下で、前記再生可能エネルギー源、前記熱エネルギー貯蔵部からのエネルギー、および任意で前記熱エネルギー貯蔵部と前記給湯口との間にある補助温水器のうちの1つ以上を選択して使用して、前記給湯口に供給される水を目標システム供給温度まで加熱するように動作可能であり、
前記熱エネルギー貯蔵部は、完全にチャージされたときに、所定の流量で、前記目標システム供給温度で、少なくとも8分間、好ましくは少なくとも10分間、湯を前記給湯口に供給するのに十分なエネルギー貯蔵容量を有し、
前記再生可能エネルギー源は、前記プロセッサの制御下で建物の暖房を提供するようにも構成され、
前記方法は、
前記給湯システムからの実際の給湯需要を監視する工程と、
監視された前記実際の需要に基づいて、前記給湯システムからの将来の給湯需要を予測する工程と、
前記予測された需要を満たすのに十分なエネルギーが蓄えられるように、前記熱エネルギー貯蔵部をプリチャージする工程と、
を含み、
前記プロセッサは、前記再生可能エネルギー源からの熱を、建物の暖房ではなく、前記相変化材料のチャージにも一時的に転用する方法。 - 前記方法は、前記エネルギー貯蔵器内の電気加熱要素を、前記電気加熱要素からの熱を使用して前記相変化材料を充電するために使用する工程をさらに含む請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記方法は、予測される将来の需要に基づいて、使用する前記エネルギーの前記コストを考慮して、前記PCMをいつ、どれだけチャージするのか決定する工程をさらに含む請求項12または13に記載の方法。
- 前記方法は、前記給湯システムからの給湯に対する将来の給湯需要を予測する工程において、1つ以上の稼働率センサからのデータを使用する工程をさらに含む請求項12乃至14の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記方法は、前記給湯システムからの給湯に対する将来の給湯需要を予測する工程において、天気予報情報を使用する工程をさらに含む請求項12乃至15の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記方法は、前記給湯システムからの給湯に対する将来の給湯需要を予測する工程において、1つ以上の周囲温度センサからのデータを使用する工程をさらに含む請求項12乃至16の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記給湯システムは単一の世帯用であり、前記方法は、前記給湯システムからの給湯に対する将来の給湯需要を予測する工程において、前記世帯の居住者のカレンダーおよびスケジュール情報を使用する工程をさらに含む請求項12乃至17の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記熱エネルギー貯蔵器は、潜熱として5~10Mジュールを貯蔵するのに十分な相変化材料を含む請求項12乃至18の何れか1項に記載の方法。
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GBGB2101678.7A GB202101678D0 (en) | 2021-02-07 | 2021-02-07 | Methods and systems and apparatus to support reduced energy and water usage |
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GB2109600.3 | 2021-07-02 | ||
GB2109593.0A GB2603976B (en) | 2021-02-07 | 2021-07-02 | Methods of configuring and controlling hot water supply installations |
GB2109598.9A GB2603552B (en) | 2021-02-07 | 2021-07-02 | Energy storage arrangements and installations |
GB2109597.1 | 2021-07-02 | ||
GB2109596.3 | 2021-07-02 | ||
GB2109599.7 | 2021-07-02 | ||
GB2109594.8 | 2021-07-02 | ||
GB2109594.8A GB2604668B (en) | 2021-02-07 | 2021-07-02 | Methods and systems and apparatus to support reduced energy and water usage |
GB2109599.7A GB2603553B (en) | 2021-02-07 | 2021-07-02 | Energy storage arrangement and installations |
GB2109600.3A GB2603824B (en) | 2021-02-07 | 2021-07-02 | Methods and systems and apparatus to support reduced energy and water usage |
GB2109593.0 | 2021-07-02 | ||
GB2109597.1A GB2603551B (en) | 2021-02-07 | 2021-07-02 | Energy storage arrangements and installations including such energy storage arrangements |
GB2109598.9 | 2021-07-02 | ||
GB2109596.3A GB2603550B (en) | 2021-02-07 | 2021-07-02 | Energy storage arrangement and installations |
GB2111088.7A GB2609051B (en) | 2021-02-07 | 2021-08-02 | Energy storage arrangement and installations |
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PCT/IB2022/051073 WO2022168041A1 (en) | 2021-02-07 | 2022-02-07 | Energy storage arrangement and installations |
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