JP2024076228A - Nintedanib Ethanesulfonate Tablets - Google Patents
Nintedanib Ethanesulfonate Tablets Download PDFInfo
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- JP2024076228A JP2024076228A JP2022187701A JP2022187701A JP2024076228A JP 2024076228 A JP2024076228 A JP 2024076228A JP 2022187701 A JP2022187701 A JP 2022187701A JP 2022187701 A JP2022187701 A JP 2022187701A JP 2024076228 A JP2024076228 A JP 2024076228A
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- JP
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- Prior art keywords
- tablet
- nintedanib
- nintedanib ethanesulfonate
- ethanesulfonate
- tablets
- Prior art date
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- XZXHXSATPCNXJR-ZIADKAODSA-N nintedanib Chemical compound O=C1NC2=CC(C(=O)OC)=CC=C2\C1=C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)\NC(C=C1)=CC=C1N(C)C(=O)CN1CCN(C)CC1 XZXHXSATPCNXJR-ZIADKAODSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 229960004378 nintedanib Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
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Abstract
【課題】服用しやすい剤型・大きさ、包装や流通に十分な硬度及び十分な崩壊性を有するニンデニブエタンスルホン酸塩を含有する錠剤を提供する。
【解決手段】ニンテダニブエタンスルホン酸塩、賦形剤、崩壊剤及び滑沢剤を含むニンテダニブエタンスルホン酸塩錠剤。
【選択図】なし
The present invention provides a tablet containing nindenib ethanesulfonate, which has a dosage form and size that are easy to take, and has sufficient hardness and disintegrability for packaging and distribution.
[Solution] A nintedanib ethanesulfonate tablet comprising nintedanib ethanesulfonate, an excipient, a disintegrant and a lubricant.
[Selection diagram] None
Description
本発明は、ニンテダニブエタンスルホン酸塩を含有する錠剤及びその製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a tablet containing nintedanib ethanesulfonate and a method for producing the same.
ニンテダニブエタンスルホン酸塩は下記式で示される化合物であり、チロシンキナーゼ阻害作用により特発性肺線維症、全身性強皮症に伴う間質性肺疾患及び進行性線維化を伴う間質性肺疾患の治療剤として、ソフトカプセル剤の形態で販売されている(非特許文献1)。ソフトカプセル剤の形状は一般にオブロング型であり、サイズはニンテダニブエタンスルホン酸塩100mgカプセルでは長径約16.3mm、直径約6.2mm、重さ約440mg、150mgカプセルでは長径約17.6mm、直径約7.1mm、重さ約620mgである。 Nintedanib ethanesulfonate is a compound represented by the following formula, and is sold in the form of soft capsules as a treatment for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, interstitial lung disease associated with systemic sclerosis, and interstitial lung disease associated with progressive fibrosis due to its tyrosine kinase inhibitory effect (Non-Patent Document 1). The shape of the soft capsules is generally oblong, and the size of a 100 mg capsule of Nintedanib ethanesulfonate is approximately 16.3 mm in major axis, approximately 6.2 mm in diameter, and approximately 440 mg in weight, and a 150 mg capsule is approximately 17.6 mm in major axis, approximately 7.1 mm in diameter, and approximately 620 mg in weight.
ニンテダニブエタンスルホン酸の水への溶解度はpHに依存し、pH1では約10mg/mLに対し、pH7では0.001mg/mL未満であり、BCSクラスは2~4である。特許文献1には、ニンテダニブエタンスルホン酸を速放出製剤にするため、薬物を中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセリド、ハードファット及びレシチンの溶液に懸濁させて充填したソフトカプセルが開示されているが(特許文献1)、ここで示されているソフトカプセルは薬物含量150mgで重量が620mg以上と大きいため経口摂取しにくいという問題があった。また、ソフトカプセルは汎用的な固形製剤製造装置を用いることができず、専用設備を用いる必要がある。 The solubility of nintedanib ethanesulfonic acid in water depends on the pH, being approximately 10 mg/mL at pH 1 and less than 0.001 mg/mL at pH 7, and its BCS class is 2 to 4. Patent Document 1 discloses a soft capsule filled with nintedanib ethanesulfonic acid suspended in a solution of medium-chain fatty acid triglyceride, hard fat, and lecithin in order to make it into a fast-release formulation (Patent Document 1), but the soft capsule shown here has a problem in that it is difficult to take orally because it is large, weighing more than 620 mg with a drug content of 150 mg. In addition, soft capsules cannot be manufactured using general-purpose solid formulation manufacturing equipment, and dedicated equipment is required.
また、特許文献2には、ニンテダニブエタンスルホン酸塩を糖アルコール、ヒプロメロースエステル類、(メタ)アクリル酸系重合体類等の担体と共に溶融造粒することにより薬物粒子の固体分散体を得た後、医薬添加物と混合打錠した錠剤が開示されている。しかし、この方法は、130℃以上で数分間溶融造粒するため不純物増加の問題があり、特にニンテダニブエタンスルホン酸塩を非晶質化した場合の不純物含量は閾値を超えているため実際的ではなく、また、固体分散体化するため硬化油や糖アルコールなどの担体を配合する必要があるためニンテダニブエタンスルホン酸塩180.6mg含有錠で、重量630mgと錠剤サイズが大きく服用性に問題があった。 Patent Document 2 discloses a tablet in which nintedanib ethanesulfonate is melt-granulated together with a carrier such as sugar alcohol, hypromellose esters, or (meth)acrylic acid polymers to obtain a solid dispersion of drug particles, which is then mixed with pharmaceutical additives and compressed into tablets. However, this method involves melt-granulation at 130°C or higher for several minutes, which causes a problem of increased impurities. In particular, when nintedanib ethanesulfonate is made amorphous, the impurity content exceeds a threshold value, making it impractical. In addition, a carrier such as hardened oil or sugar alcohol must be added to form a solid dispersion, so a tablet containing 180.6 mg of nintedanib ethanesulfonate weighs 630 mg, making the tablet large and problematic in terms of ease of administration.
本発明は、服用しやすい剤型・大きさ、包装や流通に十分な硬度及び十分な崩壊性を有するニンデニブエタンスルホン酸塩を含有する錠剤を提供することに関する。 The present invention relates to providing a tablet containing nindenib ethanesulfonate that has a dosage form and size that is easy to take, and has sufficient hardness and disintegrability for packaging and distribution.
本発明者らは、課題解決のため鋭意検討を行った結果、ニンテダニブエタンスルホン酸塩、賦形剤、崩壊剤及び滑沢剤を混合・圧縮成型する工程、又はニンテダニブエタンスルホン酸塩、賦形剤、崩壊剤を造粒した後、滑沢剤を混合・圧縮成型する工程、を含む方法により前述の課題を満たすニンテダニブスルホン酸塩錠剤が得られることを見出した。 As a result of intensive research into solving the problems, the present inventors have found that nintedanib sulfonate tablets that satisfy the above-mentioned problems can be obtained by a method that includes a step of mixing and compression-molding nintedanib ethanesulfonate, an excipient, a disintegrant, and a lubricant, or a step of granulating nintedanib ethanesulfonate, an excipient, and a disintegrant, and then mixing and compression-molding a lubricant.
すなわち、本発明は以下の1)~10)に係るものである。
1)ニンテダニブエタンスルホン酸塩、賦形剤、崩壊剤及び滑沢剤を含むニンテダニブエタンスルホン酸塩錠剤。
2)さらに結合剤及び/又は界面活性剤を含む、1)の錠剤。
3)ニンテダニブエタンスルホン酸塩の含量が錠剤の全質量に対して、ニンテダニブとして35質量%以上である、1)の錠剤。
4)錠剤の質量が250~500mg、硬度が4~20kgである、1)の錠剤。
5)賦形剤が乳糖及び結晶セルロースから選ばれる1種以上である、1)の錠剤。
6)崩壊剤が低置換度ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、クロスポビドン及びデンプングリコール酸ナトリウムから選ばれる1種以上である、1)の錠剤。
7)ニンテダニブエタンスルホン酸塩の平均粒子径が0.1~50μmである、1)の錠剤。
8)ニンテダニブエタンスルホン酸塩、賦形剤、崩壊剤及び結合剤を液体の存在下で混合し、造粒する工程を含む、ニンテダニブエタンスルホン酸塩錠剤の製造方法。
9)ニンテダニブエタンスルホン酸塩、賦形剤及び崩壊剤を混合し混合末を得る工程、その混合末に滑沢剤を混合し打錠を得る工程を含む、ニンテダニブエタンスルホン酸塩錠剤の製造方法。
10)ニンテダニブエタンスルホン酸塩、賦形剤、崩壊剤及び結合剤を混合・圧縮し造粒末を得る工程、その造粒末に滑沢剤及び崩壊剤を混合し打錠を得る工程を含む、ニンテダニブエタンスルホン酸塩錠剤の製造方法。
That is, the present invention relates to the following 1) to 10).
1) A nintedanib ethanesulfonate tablet comprising nintedanib ethanesulfonate, an excipient, a disintegrant and a lubricant.
2) The tablet of 1), further comprising a binder and/or a surfactant.
3) A tablet according to 1), in which the content of nintedanib ethanesulfonate is 35% by mass or more as nintedanib relative to the total mass of the tablet.
4) The tablet of 1), having a mass of 250-500 mg and a hardness of 4-20 kg.
5) The tablet of 1), wherein the excipient is one or more selected from lactose and crystalline cellulose.
6) The tablet according to 1), wherein the disintegrant is one or more selected from low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose, crospovidone and sodium starch glycolate.
7) The tablet of 1), wherein the average particle size of nintedanib ethanesulfonate is 0.1 to 50 μm.
8) A method for producing a nintedanib ethanesulfonate tablet, comprising the steps of mixing nintedanib ethanesulfonate, an excipient, a disintegrant and a binder in the presence of a liquid and granulating the mixture.
9) A method for producing nintedanib ethanesulfonate tablets, comprising the steps of mixing nintedanib ethanesulfonate, an excipient and a disintegrant to obtain a mixed powder, and mixing the mixed powder with a lubricant to obtain tablets.
10) A method for producing nintedanib ethanesulfonate tablets, comprising the steps of mixing and compressing nintedanib ethanesulfonate, an excipient, a disintegrant and a binder to obtain a granulated powder, and mixing the granulated powder with a lubricant and a disintegrant to obtain tablets.
本発明によれば、服用しやすい剤型・大きさ、包装や流通に十分な硬度及び十分な崩壊性を有するニンデニブエタンスルホン酸塩錠剤を得ることができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain nindenib ethanesulfonate tablets that are easy to take in terms of dosage form and size, and have sufficient hardness and disintegrability for packaging and distribution.
以下、本発明について詳細に説明する。
本発明において特に明記していない場合を除き、各医薬添加物の用途は医薬品添加物辞典の医薬添加剤の用途による。
本発明のニンテダニブエタンスルホン酸塩錠剤(以下、「本発明の錠剤」とも称す)は、賦形剤、崩壊剤及び滑沢剤を含むものであり、必要に応じてさらに結合剤及び/又は界面活性剤を含むものである。
The present invention will be described in detail below.
Unless otherwise specified in the present invention, the use of each pharmaceutical additive is in accordance with the use of pharmaceutical additives in the Pharmaceutical Additives Dictionary.
The nintedanib ethanesulfonate tablet of the present invention (hereinafter also referred to as "the tablet of the present invention") contains an excipient, a disintegrant and a lubricant, and further contains a binder and/or a surfactant as necessary.
本発明において、ニンテダニブエタンスルホン酸塩は、(化学名:(3Z)-3-[({4-[N-メチル-2-(4-メチルピペラジン-1-イル)アセトアミド]フェニル}アミノ)(フェニル)メチリデン]-2-オキソ-2,3-ジヒドロ-1H-インドール-6-カルボン酸メチル)のエタンスルホン酸塩であり、下記式で表される化合物である。
また、溶媒和物となっていてもよく、溶媒和物としては水和物、アルコール和物が挙げられる。
In the present invention, nintedanib ethanesulfonate is an ethanesulfonate salt of (chemical name: methyl (3Z)-3-[({4-[N-methyl-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)acetamido]phenyl}amino)(phenyl)methylidene]-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole-6-carboxylate), which is a compound represented by the following formula:
The compound may also be in the form of a solvate, and examples of the solvate include hydrates and alcohol solvates.
ニンテダニブエタンスルホン酸塩の溶解度はpH依存であり、低pHでは約10mg/mLであるが中性では0.001mg/mL以下と難溶性である。そのため、粒子サイズは製造に問題がない範囲で小さいほうがよく、粒子サイズとしては例えば、平均粒子径が0.1~50μm、好ましくは1~30μm、より好ましくは7~21μmのものを用いることができる。平均粒子径とは、メディアン径(D50:積算分布曲線の50%に相当する粒子径)を意味し、体積を基準として算出される。平均粒子径は公知の方法、測定機器を用いて行うことができ、例えばレーザー光散乱方式粒度分布測定や動的光散乱方式粒度分布測定などの方法により測定することができる。 The solubility of nintedanib ethanesulfonate is pH-dependent, and is about 10 mg/mL at low pH, but is poorly soluble at 0.001 mg/mL or less at neutral pH. Therefore, the particle size should be small within a range that does not cause problems in production, and the particle size can be, for example, an average particle size of 0.1 to 50 μm, preferably 1 to 30 μm, more preferably 7 to 21 μm. The average particle size means the median diameter (D 50 : particle size equivalent to 50% of the cumulative distribution curve), and is calculated based on the volume. The average particle size can be measured using known methods and measuring instruments, for example, by laser light scattering particle size distribution measurement or dynamic light scattering particle size distribution measurement.
本発明のニンテダニブエタンスルホン酸塩錠剤においては、ニンテダニブエタンスルホン酸塩の含有率を高めて錠剤サイズを小さくさせることができる。ニンテダニブエタンスルホン酸塩の配合量は、錠剤の全質量に対して、ニンテダニブとして25~70質量%、好ましくは30~60質量%、さらに好ましくは35~50質量%である。ニンテダニブエタンスルホン酸塩の含量としては1錠中にニンテダニブとして60~250mgであり、好ましくは120.4mgまたは180.6mgである。 In the nintedanib ethanesulfonate tablet of the present invention, the content of nintedanib ethanesulfonate can be increased to reduce the tablet size. The amount of nintedanib ethanesulfonate is 25 to 70% by mass, preferably 30 to 60% by mass, and more preferably 35 to 50% by mass, of the total mass of the tablet. The content of nintedanib ethanesulfonate is 60 to 250 mg, preferably 120.4 mg or 180.6 mg, of nintedanib per tablet.
本発明の錠剤において用いられる賦形剤としては、例えば、乳糖、白糖及びブドウ糖などの糖類、マンニトール、エリスリトール、イソマルト、ラクチトール、マルチトール、ソルビトール及びキシリトール等などの糖アルコール、トウモロコシデンプン、バレイショデンプン、コムギデンプン、コメデンプン及びタピオカデンプンなどのデンプン類、デキストリン、結晶セルロース、無水リン酸水素カルシウム、メタケイ酸アルミン酸マグネシウム等が挙げられ、好ましくは乳糖、結晶セルロースが挙げられる。
賦形剤の配合量は、錠剤の全質量に対して、1~70質量%、好ましくは5~60質量%、さらに好ましくは10~60質量%、さらに好ましくは20~60質量%である。
Examples of excipients used in the tablets of the present invention include sugars such as lactose, sucrose, and glucose; sugar alcohols such as mannitol, erythritol, isomalt, lactitol, maltitol, sorbitol, and xylitol; starches such as corn starch, potato starch, wheat starch, rice starch, and tapioca starch; dextrin, crystalline cellulose, anhydrous calcium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium aluminometasilicate, and the like, with lactose and crystalline cellulose being preferred.
The amount of the excipient to be added is 1 to 70% by mass, preferably 5 to 60% by mass, more preferably 10 to 60% by mass, and even more preferably 20 to 60% by mass, based on the total mass of the tablet.
本発明の錠剤において用いられる崩壊剤としては、特には制限されないが、例えばカルメロースカルシウム、カルメロース、クロスカルメロース、クロスカルメロースナトリウム、低置換度ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース等のセルロース系崩壊剤、デンプングリコール酸ナトリウム、トウモロコシデンプン、バレイショデンプン、コムギデンプン、コメデンプン、部分アルファー化デンプン、アルファー化デンプン、カルボキシメチルスターチナトリウム等のデンプン系崩壊剤、クロスポビドン等を用いることができ、好ましくは、クロスカルメロースナトリウム、低置換度ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、デンプングリコール酸ナトリウム、クロスポビドンが挙げられ、さらに好ましくはクロスポビドンが挙げられる。
崩壊剤の配合量は、錠剤の全質量に対して、0.5~20質量%、好ましくは0.5~15質量%、さらに好ましくは1~10質量%である。
The disintegrant used in the tablet of the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include cellulose-based disintegrants such as carmellose calcium, carmellose, croscarmellose, croscarmellose sodium, and low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose; starch-based disintegrants such as sodium starch glycolate, corn starch, potato starch, wheat starch, rice starch, partially pregelatinized starch, pregelatinized starch, and sodium carboxymethyl starch; and crospovidone. Preferred examples include croscarmellose sodium, low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose, sodium starch glycolate, and crospovidone, and more preferred examples include crospovidone.
The amount of the disintegrant to be added is 0.5 to 20% by mass, preferably 0.5 to 15% by mass, and more preferably 1 to 10% by mass, based on the total mass of the tablet.
本発明の錠剤において用いられる滑沢剤としては、特には制限されないが、例えばステアリン酸マグネシウム、ステアリン酸カルシウム、タルク、軽質無水ケイ酸、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、フマル酸ステアリルナトリウム等が挙げられ、好ましくはステアリン酸マグネシウムが挙げられる。
滑沢剤の配合量は、錠剤の全質量に対して、0.01~5質量%、好ましくは0.05~3質量%、さらに好ましくは0.1~2質量%である。
なお、外部滑沢法によって滑沢剤が素錠表面に局在することを含む。
The lubricant used in the tablet of the present invention is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, talc, light anhydrous silicic acid, sucrose fatty acid esters, sodium stearyl fumarate, etc., and preferably magnesium stearate.
The amount of the lubricant to be added is 0.01 to 5% by mass, preferably 0.05 to 3% by mass, and more preferably 0.1 to 2% by mass, based on the total mass of the tablet.
This also includes the case where the lubricant is localized on the surface of the uncoated tablet by external lubrication.
本発明の錠剤において用いられる結合剤としては、特には制限されないが、例えばヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ヒプロメロースフタル酸エステル、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースアセテートサクシネート、結晶セルロース、粉末セルロース、低置換度ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、カルメロースナトリウム、エチルセルロース、メチルセルロース、ヒプロメロース等のセルロース系結合剤、トウモロコシデンプン、バレイショデンプン、コムギデンプン、コメデンプン、部分アルファー化デンプン、アルファー化デンプン等のデンプン系結合剤、メタケイ酸アルミン酸マグネシウム、合成ケイ酸アルミニウム、軽質無水ケイ酸、ケイ酸カルシウム等のケイ酸系結合剤、アラビアゴム、アルギン酸ナトリウム、デキストリン、ゼラチン、プルラン、ポビドン、カルボキシビニルポリマー等が挙げられ、好ましくはセルロース系結合剤が挙げられ、特に好ましくはヒドロキシプロピルセルロースが挙げられる。
結合剤の配合量は、錠剤の全質量に対して、1~15質量%、好ましくは1~10質量%、さらに好ましくは1.5~7質量%である。
The binder used in the tablet of the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include cellulose-based binders such as hydroxypropyl cellulose, hypromellose phthalate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate, crystalline cellulose, powdered cellulose, low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose, carmellose sodium, ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, and hypromellose; starch-based binders such as corn starch, potato starch, wheat starch, rice starch, partially pregelatinized starch, and pregelatinized starch; silicic acid-based binders such as magnesium aluminometasilicate, synthetic aluminum silicate, light anhydrous silicic acid, and calcium silicate; gum arabic, sodium alginate, dextrin, gelatin, pullulan, povidone, and carboxyvinyl polymers; preferably, cellulose-based binders, and particularly preferably, hydroxypropyl cellulose.
The amount of the binder is 1 to 15% by mass, preferably 1 to 10% by mass, and more preferably 1.5 to 7% by mass, based on the total mass of the tablet.
本発明の錠剤において用いられる界面活性剤としては、レシチン、ラウリルスルホン酸ナトリウム、ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム、ラウリルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム、ポリソルベート、ポリソルベート80、ポリオキシエチレングリコールエステル、ショ糖脂肪酸エステルなどが挙げられる。好ましくはレシチン、ポリソルベート80またはラウリルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウムが挙げられる。 Surfactants used in the tablets of the present invention include lecithin, sodium lauryl sulfonate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium laurylbenzenesulfonate, polysorbate, polysorbate 80, polyoxyethylene glycol esters, sucrose fatty acid esters, etc. Preferred are lecithin, polysorbate 80, and sodium laurylbenzenesulfonate.
上記の賦形剤、崩壊剤、結合剤及び滑沢剤を配合する場合、これらの一部または全てを含むプレミックス賦形剤を換わりに添加することができる。プレミックス賦形剤としては、例えば、エフメルト(富士化学工業社製)、Kollitab DC87L(BASF社製)、GRANFILLER-D(ダイセル社製)、HiSIRAD(ダイセル社製)、ODIFUL(大同活性工業社製)PROSOLV EASTtab(JRS Pharma社製)、PROSOLV ODT G2(JRS Pharma社製)などを用いることができる。 When the above excipients, disintegrants, binders and lubricants are blended, a premix excipient containing some or all of these can be added instead. Examples of premix excipients that can be used include F-MELT (manufactured by Fuji Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), Kollitab DC87L (manufactured by BASF), GRANFILLER-D (manufactured by Daicel Corporation), HiSIRAD (manufactured by Daicel Corporation), ODIFUL (manufactured by Daido Chemical Industries Co., Ltd.), PROSOLV EASTtab (manufactured by JRS Pharma Co., Ltd.), and PROSOLV ODT G2 (manufactured by JRS Pharma Co., Ltd.).
本発明の錠剤を製造するために用いることができる、上記の賦形剤、結合剤、崩壊剤、滑沢剤、界面活性剤以外の医薬品添加物としては、例えば、着色剤、甘味剤及び香料等が挙げられ、具体的には以下のとおりである。 Pharmaceutical additives other than the above-mentioned excipients, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, and surfactants that can be used to manufacture the tablets of the present invention include, for example, colorants, sweeteners, and flavors, and are specifically as follows:
着色剤としては、例えば、食用青色1号、食用青色2号、食用黄色4号、食用赤色2号、食用赤色3号、食用青色1号アルミニウムレーキ、食用青色2号アルミニウムレーキ、食用赤色2号アルミニウムレーキ、酸化チタン、三二酸化鉄、黄色三二酸化鉄、カラメル、タルク等が挙げられる。 Examples of coloring agents include Food Blue No. 1, Food Blue No. 2, Food Yellow No. 4, Food Red No. 2, Food Red No. 3, Food Blue No. 1 Aluminum Lake, Food Blue No. 2 Aluminum Lake, Food Red No. 2 Aluminum Lake, titanium oxide, ferric oxide, yellow ferric oxide, caramel, talc, etc.
甘味剤としては、例えば、砂糖、オリゴ糖、マルチトール、エリスリトール、ソルビトール、キシリトール、アスパルテーム、アセスルファムカリウム、スクラロース、及びステビアから選ばれる1種又は2種以上の甘味料が挙げられる。 Examples of sweeteners include one or more sweeteners selected from sugar, oligosaccharides, maltitol, erythritol, sorbitol, xylitol, aspartame, acesulfame potassium, sucralose, and stevia.
香料としては、例えば、レモン、オレンジ、グレープフルーツ、ベルガモット、柚子、カボス、スダチ、ストロベリー、アップル、ピーチ、ヨーグルト、杏仁豆腐などの風味の香料が挙げられる。 Flavors include, for example, those with the flavors of lemon, orange, grapefruit, bergamot, yuzu, kabosu, sudachi, strawberry, apple, peach, yogurt, and almond jelly.
ニンテダニブエタンスルホン酸塩は患者以外の吸収・摂取を防止するため、本発明の錠剤は、フィルムコーティング錠であるのが好ましい。フィルムコートは、通常の医薬品でも用いられるフィルムコート剤、可塑剤、流動化剤、色素及びこれらを溶解/懸濁するための溶媒などを用いることができる。 In order to prevent nintedanib ethanesulfonate from being absorbed or taken by anyone other than the patient, the tablet of the present invention is preferably a film-coated tablet. For the film coating, film coating agents, plasticizers, flow agents, dyes, and solvents for dissolving/suspending these, which are also used in ordinary pharmaceuticals, can be used.
ここで、フィルムコート剤としては、特には制限されないが、例えばカルメロース、カルメロースナトリウム、カルメロースカルシウム、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ヒプロメロース、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、ヒドロキシメチルセルロース、メチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロース等のセルロース系フィルムコート剤、アラビアゴム末、ゼラチン、プルラン、デキストリン、カルボキシメチルスターチナトリウム、アルギン酸ナトリウム、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリビニルアルコール等が挙げられ、好ましくはセルロース系フィルムコート剤が挙げられ、より好ましくはヒプロメロースが挙げられる。 Here, the film coating agent is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include cellulose-based film coating agents such as carmellose, carmellose sodium, carmellose calcium, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hypromellose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, and carboxymethyl cellulose, powdered acacia, gelatin, pullulan, dextrin, sodium carboxymethyl starch, sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and polyvinyl alcohol, among which cellulose-based film coating agents are preferred, and hypromellose is more preferred.
可塑剤としては、特には制限されないが、例えばポリエチレングリコール(例えば、ポリエチレングリコール400、ポリエチレングリコール4000、ポリエチレングリコール6000等)、クエン酸トリエチル、グリセリン、ヒマシ油、ポロキシエチレン硬化ヒマシ油、ポリソルベート80、マクロゴール、ラウロマクロゴール、トリアセチン等が挙げられ、好ましくはトリアセチンが挙げられる。 The plasticizer is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include polyethylene glycol (e.g., polyethylene glycol 400, polyethylene glycol 4000, polyethylene glycol 6000, etc.), triethyl citrate, glycerin, castor oil, poloxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil, polysorbate 80, macrogol, lauromacrogol, triacetin, etc., preferably triacetin.
フィルムコート用の滑沢剤としては、特には制限されないが、例えばタルク、含水二酸化ケイ素、軽質無水ケイ酸、メタケイ酸アルミン酸マグネシウム、合成ケイ酸アルミニウム、重質無水ケイ酸、水酸化アルミナマグネシウム、フマル酸ステアリルナトリウム、ステアリン酸、ステアリン酸カルシウム及びステアリン酸マグネシウム等が挙げられ、好ましくはステアリン酸マグネシウムまたはフマル酸ステアリルナトリウムが挙げられる。 Lubricants for film coating are not particularly limited, but examples include talc, hydrous silicon dioxide, light anhydrous silicic acid, magnesium aluminometasilicate, synthetic aluminum silicate, heavy anhydrous silicic acid, magnesium alumina hydroxide, sodium stearyl fumarate, stearic acid, calcium stearate, and magnesium stearate, and preferably magnesium stearate or sodium stearyl fumarate.
フィルムコート用の色素としては、前記着色剤として挙げたものが使用でき、識別性の観点から好ましくは三二酸化鉄、黄色三二酸化鉄や酸化チタンが挙げられる。 As the pigment for film coating, the above-mentioned colorants can be used, and from the viewpoint of distinguishability, preferred are ferric oxide, yellow ferric oxide, and titanium oxide.
本発明の錠剤は、配合するニンテダニブエタンスルホン酸塩の含量により錠剤サイズは異なるが、例えば、ニンテダニブエタンスルホン酸塩120.4mg錠や180.6mg錠の場合には、通常の丸錠では直径5~12mm、厚さ1~6mmの錠剤サイズとなる。また、カプレット錠、オーバル錠などの異形錠としてよく、長径8~20mm、短径3~8mm程度である。 The tablet size of the tablet of the present invention varies depending on the content of nintedanib ethanesulfonate. For example, in the case of 120.4 mg or 180.6 mg nintedanib ethanesulfonate tablets, the tablet size is a normal round tablet with a diameter of 5 to 12 mm and a thickness of 1 to 6 mm. In addition, the tablet may be an irregularly shaped tablet such as a caplet or oval tablet, with a major axis of about 8 to 20 mm and a minor axis of about 3 to 8 mm.
本発明の錠剤は、日本薬局方の溶出試験方法において、溶出液第一液、パドル法50回転で、60分後のニンテダニブ溶出率は、70%以上であり、好ましくは75%以上であり、さらに好ましくは85%以上である。さらには、同条件でニンテダニブ85%溶出時間は60分以内であり、好ましくは45分以内であり、さらに好ましくは30分以内である。 In the tablet of the present invention, the dissolution rate of nintedanib after 60 minutes using the first dissolution solution and 50 rotations of the paddle method according to the Japanese Pharmacopoeia is 70% or more, preferably 75% or more, and more preferably 85% or more. Furthermore, under the same conditions, the time for 85% dissolution of nintedanib is within 60 minutes, preferably within 45 minutes, and more preferably within 30 minutes.
本発明の錠剤は、温度、シェアなどが低い条件で製造するため、薬物由来の分解物、酸化物、結合物などの類縁物質の形成が少ない。類縁物質の量としては薬物に対して、総類縁物質は2.0%以下、個々の類縁物質は0.5%以下である。好ましくは類縁物質は1.0%以下、個々の類縁物質は0.25%以下である。ここでの類縁物資量はHPLCなどによって測定される、薬物量に対する類縁物質の量である。 The tablets of the present invention are manufactured under conditions of low temperature, low shear, etc., so there is little formation of related substances such as decomposition products, oxides, and combinations derived from the drug. The amount of related substances is 2.0% or less of the total related substances and 0.5% or less of each related substance relative to the drug. Preferably, the amount of related substances is 1.0% or less and each related substance is 0.25% or less. The amount of related substances here is the amount of related substances relative to the amount of drug, as measured by HPLC or the like.
本発明の錠剤は安定性に優れている。ここで安定性とは経時変化による崩壊性や溶出性の低下が抑制されること、類縁物質の増加が抑制されていること、薬物含量の低下が抑制されていることである。 The tablet of the present invention has excellent stability. Here, stability means that the decrease in disintegration and dissolution properties due to changes over time is suppressed, the increase in related substances is suppressed, and the decrease in drug content is suppressed.
以下本発明の錠剤の製造方法について説明する。
本発明の錠剤は、直打法、乾式造粒法又は湿式造粒法のいずれかで製造することができる。
直打法は公知の方法で行うことができ、例えば、ニンテダニブエタンスルホン酸塩、賦形剤、崩壊剤、結合剤及び滑沢剤などを適宜混合し、圧縮成型する。賦形剤、崩壊剤、結合剤などは、予め造粒したものを用いることができる。また、賦形剤、崩壊剤、結合剤などの成分を含むプレミックス賦形剤を用いることができる。この造粒方法は医薬品の分野で公知の方法で行うことができ、例えば、後述の乾式造粒または湿式造粒の条件で行うことができる。
The method for producing the tablet of the present invention will now be described.
The tablets of the present invention can be prepared either by direct compression, dry granulation or wet granulation.
The direct compression method can be carried out by a known method, for example, nintedanib ethanesulfonate, excipient, disintegrant, binder, lubricant, etc. are appropriately mixed and compressed. The excipient, disintegrant, binder, etc. can be used as previously granulated excipients. Also, a premix excipient containing components such as excipient, disintegrant, binder, etc. can be used. This granulation method can be carried out by a known method in the pharmaceutical field, for example, under the conditions of dry granulation or wet granulation described below.
乾式造粒方法としては、通常医薬品の分野で行なわれている方法でよく、造粒時に液体成分を用いずに、原料の凝集力を高めて造粒する造粒方法であり、湿式造粒方法としては、撹拌造粒、転動造粒や流動層造粒等の製造方法行うことができ、流動層造粒や撹拌造粒により製造するのがより好ましい。
湿式造粒方法では、ニンテダニブエタンスルホン酸塩、賦形剤、崩壊剤及び結合剤を水やエタノール等の液体の存在下で混合し、造粒が行われる。
流動層造粒の場合、例えば、ニンテダニブエタンスルホン酸塩、賦形剤及び崩壊剤などを均一に混合した後、流動層造粒機に投入し、結合剤溶液をスプレーして造粒し、造粒・乾燥する。流動層乾燥機の条件-入熱温度、排熱温度、噴霧速度などは使用する機器によって適宜設定する。
As the dry granulation method, a method that is usually used in the pharmaceutical field may be used, which is a granulation method in which the cohesive force of the raw materials is increased to granulate the material without using any liquid components during granulation. As the wet granulation method, manufacturing methods such as agitation granulation, tumbling granulation, and fluidized bed granulation may be used, and production by fluidized bed granulation or agitation granulation is more preferable.
In the wet granulation method, nintedanib ethanesulfonate, excipients, disintegrants and binders are mixed in the presence of a liquid such as water or ethanol, and granulation is carried out.
In the case of fluidized bed granulation, for example, nintedanib ethanesulfonate, excipients, disintegrants, etc. are mixed uniformly, then charged into a fluidized bed granulator, granulated by spraying a binder solution, and granulated and dried. Fluidized bed dryer conditions - heat input temperature, exhaust heat temperature, spray speed, etc. - are appropriately set depending on the equipment used.
撹拌造粒の場合、例えば、ニンテダニブエタンスルホン酸塩、賦形剤及び崩壊剤などを撹拌造粒機に投入し、結合剤溶液を添加して造粒したのち、乾燥する。乾燥方法は棚乾燥、流動層乾燥等、いずれでもよい。乾燥条件としては、乾燥温度20~100℃程度、乾燥時間10分~20時間程度であり、目的とする水分になるように乾燥するのが好ましい。 In the case of agitation granulation, for example, nintedanib ethanesulfonate, excipients, disintegrants, etc. are put into an agitation granulator, a binder solution is added, granulation is performed, and then drying is performed. The drying method may be shelf drying, fluidized bed drying, etc. Drying conditions are a drying temperature of about 20 to 100°C, and a drying time of about 10 minutes to 20 hours, and it is preferable to dry until the desired moisture content is achieved.
得られた乾燥造粒物は必要に応じて篩により篩過し、整粒する。
当該整粒造粒物は、滑沢剤、必要に応じて崩壊剤、界面活性剤などを加えて均一に混合して打錠用混合末としたのち圧縮成型する。
The resulting dried granules are sieved through a sieve and sized as required.
The granulated product is mixed uniformly with a lubricant and, if necessary, a disintegrant, a surfactant, etc. to prepare a powder mixture for tableting, which is then compression molded.
乾式造粒法では、意図的な水の添加無しでニンテダニブエタンスルホン酸塩、賦形剤、崩壊剤及び結合剤を圧密化・解砕し、造粒が行われる。
乾式造粒の方法としては、医薬品の分野で通常行われている乾式造粒法が採用でき、例えば、スラッグ法、ローラーコンパクター法などである。ローラーコンパクターの条件:ロール圧力、ロール回転数、粉体供給スクリュー回転速度などは装置によって異なる。例えば、フロイント産業社製TFminiやTF-208ではロール圧力は2~15MPa、ロール回転数は2~15rpm、粉体供給スクリュー回転速度は、5~30rpmが好ましい。
ローラーコンパクターにより得られたフレークをオシレーター、コーミル、クイックミル、パワーミル等の粉砕機や解砕機で所定の粒度へ粉砕・整粒する。造粒物の粒度は打錠しやすさから、微粉が少ないほうがよく、例えば200mesh以下が少ないほうが好ましい。
In the dry granulation method, nintedanib ethanesulfonate, excipients, disintegrants and binders are compacted and crushed to form granules without the intentional addition of water.
As the method of dry granulation, a dry granulation method commonly used in the field of pharmaceuticals can be adopted, such as the slug method and the roller compactor method. Conditions of the roller compactor: roll pressure, roll rotation speed, powder supply screw rotation speed, etc. vary depending on the device. For example, in the case of TFmini and TF-208 manufactured by Freund Corporation, the roll pressure is preferably 2 to 15 MPa, the roll rotation speed is preferably 2 to 15 rpm, and the powder supply screw rotation speed is preferably 5 to 30 rpm.
The flakes obtained by the roller compactor are pulverized and sized to a predetermined particle size using a pulverizer or disintegrator such as an oscillator, a Comil, a Quick Mill, a Power Mill, etc. The particle size of the granulated product is preferably as small as possible in terms of fine powder, for example, as small as possible below 200 mesh, in order to facilitate tableting.
得られた造粒物に崩壊剤、所望により滑沢剤、界面活性剤及びその他の医薬品添加物を適宜選択して混合した後、圧縮成型することにより錠剤が製造される。
混合は、一般に用いられる混合方法、例えば混合、練合、造粒などにより行うことができる。混合は、例えば高速攪拌混合機、万能練合機、流動層造粒機、V型混合機、タンブラー混合機、二重円錐混合機、リボン型混合機、旋回スクリュー型混合機、袋で手動混合などを用いて行うことができる。
The resulting granules are mixed with a disintegrant and, if desired, a lubricant, a surfactant and other pharmaceutical additives appropriately selected, and then compressed to produce tablets.
The mixing can be carried out by a commonly used mixing method, such as mixing, kneading, granulation, etc. The mixing can be carried out, for example, by using a high-speed stirring mixer, a universal kneader, a fluidized bed granulator, a V-type mixer, a tumbler mixer, a double cone mixer, a ribbon type mixer, a revolving screw type mixer, manual mixing in a bag, etc.
前記素錠の製造工程では、更に、造粒物を解砕したり、乾燥したりする処理を含んでもよい。圧縮成型は、医薬品で通常用いられるロータリー打錠機等を用いることができ、打錠時における成形圧は、錠剤の大きさにより異なるが、例えば、φ9.0mmの錠剤では2~22kNであり、好ましくは5~17kNである。この時、設定錠剤硬度は2.0~30kg、好ましくは3.0~25kg、より好ましくは4.0~20kgである。
また、本発明の錠剤は、外部滑沢法により圧縮成型することができる。外部滑沢法を用いる場合、前記乾式造粒物、崩壊剤及び結合剤などを混合した後、圧縮成型することにより、ニンテダニブエタンスルホン酸塩の素剤を得る。混合方法や圧縮成型などの圧縮成形条件は、前述素錠の製造方法と同じである。
The manufacturing process of the uncoated tablets may further include a process of crushing or drying the granulated material. Compression molding can be performed using a rotary tablet press or the like that is commonly used in pharmaceuticals. The molding pressure during tableting varies depending on the size of the tablet, but for example, for a tablet with a diameter of 9.0 mm, it is 2 to 22 kN, preferably 5 to 17 kN. At this time, the set tablet hardness is 2.0 to 30 kg, preferably 3.0 to 25 kg, more preferably 4.0 to 20 kg.
In addition, the tablet of the present invention can be compressed by an external lubrication method. When using the external lubrication method, the dry granulation, disintegrant, binder, etc. are mixed, and then compressed to obtain a base formulation of nintedanib ethanesulfonate. The mixing method and compression molding conditions are the same as the manufacturing method of the base tablet described above.
フィルムコート剤などを溶解/懸濁させる溶媒としては、例えば、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロピルアルコール等のアルコール類、アセトン、トルエン、ヘキサン、メチルエチルケトン及び水、又はこれらの混合溶媒等が挙げられ、エタノール及び水が好ましく、水がより好ましい。 Examples of solvents for dissolving/suspending the film coating agent include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and isopropyl alcohol, acetone, toluene, hexane, methyl ethyl ketone, and water, or mixed solvents of these, with ethanol and water being preferred, and water being more preferred.
フィルムコーティングは、通常錠剤の水系または非水系のコーティングで用いられている装置で行うことができ、例えば、パンコーティング方式のコーティング装置が挙げられる。 Film coating can be carried out using equipment normally used for aqueous or non-aqueous coating of tablets, such as a pan-coating type coating device.
当該フィルムコーティング錠において、フィルムコーティング部の被覆量に明確な限定はないが、例えば、300mg/錠質量の素錠に2~20mg/錠の範囲で被覆されることが好ましく,4~12mg/錠の範囲とするのがより好ましく、また、450mg/錠質量の素錠に3~30mg/錠の範囲で被覆されることが好ましく,6~18mg/錠の範囲とするのがより好ましい。 In the film-coated tablets, there is no clear limit to the amount of coating of the film coating portion, but for example, it is preferable that an uncoated tablet having a mass of 300 mg/tablet is coated with a coating amount in the range of 2 to 20 mg/tablet, and more preferably in the range of 4 to 12 mg/tablet, and it is preferable that an uncoated tablet having a mass of 450 mg/tablet is coated with a coating amount in the range of 3 to 30 mg/tablet, and more preferably in the range of 6 to 18 mg/tablet.
以下に実施例、比較例及び試験例により本発明をより詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。 The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples, comparative examples, and test examples, but the present invention is not limited to these.
(実施例1)
[直打法による錠剤製造]
ニンテダニブエタンスルホン酸塩(D50:10μm)120.4質量部、乳糖水和物89.6質量部、結晶セルロース60.0質量部、低置換度ヒドロキシプロセルロース15.0質量部、ヒドロキシプロセルロース9.0質量部及び軽質無水ケイ酸3.0質量部割合で混合し、目開き500μmの篩で篩過し混合末を得た。混合末297.0質量部とステアリン酸マグネシウム3.0質量部の割合で混合し、ロータリー式打錠機を用い、回転数30rpmとし、錠剤径9.0mmで成形圧11kNにて打錠し、1錠300mgの素錠を得た。錠剤硬度は92N、崩壊時間は56秒であった。
この素錠に、コーティング装置において、ヒプロメロース5.5%、トリアセチン0.9%、二酸化チタン2.67%、三二酸化鉄0.03%及びタルク0.9%を含むコーティング液を給気温度60℃、排気温度43~46℃で素錠に噴霧し、1錠310mgのフィルムコーティング錠を得た。
Example 1
[Tablet manufacturing by direct compression method]
Nintedanib ethanesulfonate (D 50 : 10 μm) 120.4 parts by weight, lactose hydrate 89.6 parts by weight, crystalline cellulose 60.0 parts by weight, low-substituted hydroxyprocellulose 15.0 parts by weight, hydroxyprocellulose 9.0 parts by weight and light anhydrous silicic acid 3.0 parts by weight were mixed and sieved through a sieve with an opening of 500 μm to obtain a mixed powder. Mixed powder 297.0 parts by weight and magnesium stearate 3.0 parts by weight were mixed and compressed using a rotary tablet press at a rotation speed of 30 rpm with a tablet diameter of 9.0 mm and a molding pressure of 11 kN to obtain a plain tablet of 300 mg per tablet. The tablet hardness was 92 N and the disintegration time was 56 seconds.
A coating liquid containing 5.5% hypromellose, 0.9% triacetin, 2.67% titanium dioxide, 0.03% ferric oxide and 0.9% talc was sprayed onto the uncoated tablets in a coating device at an inlet air temperature of 60°C and an exhaust air temperature of 43 to 46°C to obtain film-coated tablets weighing 310 mg each.
(実施例2)~(実施例4)
表1の錠剤成分・配合量に従い実施例1と同様の方法でニンテダニブエタンスルホン酸塩のフィルムコーティング錠を作成した。
(Example 2) to (Example 4)
Film-coated tablets of nintedanib ethanesulfonate were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 using the tablet ingredients and amounts shown in Table 1.
[湿式造粒法による錠剤製造]
(実施例5)
ヒドロキシプロセルロース9.0質量部を水に溶解して10%結合液を調製した。ニンテダニブエタンスルホン酸塩(D50:10μm)120.4質量部、乳糖水和物92.6質量部、結晶セルロース45.0質量部、低置換度ヒドロキシプロセルロース30.0質量部を混合し、高速撹拌造粒機に投入し、撹拌しながら結合液を添加し、造粒物を得た。造粒物を70℃で2時間乾燥後、目開き850μmの篩で師過し、ステアリン酸マグネシウム3.0質量部の割合で混合し、ロータリー式打錠機を用い、回転数30rpmとし、錠剤径9.0mmで成形圧11kNにて打錠し、1錠300mgの素錠を得た。錠剤硬度は92N、崩壊時間は51秒であった。
この素錠に、コーティング装置において、ヒプロメロース5.5%、トリアセチン0.9%、二酸化チタン2.67%、三二酸化鉄0.03%及びタルク0.9%を含むコーティング液を給気温度60℃、排気温度43~46℃で素錠に噴霧し、1錠310mgのフィルムコーティング錠を得た。
[Tablet manufacturing by wet granulation method]
Example 5
9.0 parts by mass of hydroxyprocellulose was dissolved in water to prepare a 10% binding solution. 120.4 parts by mass of nintedanib ethanesulfonate (D 50 : 10 μm), 92.6 parts by mass of lactose hydrate, 45.0 parts by mass of crystalline cellulose, and 30.0 parts by mass of low-substituted hydroxyprocellulose were mixed, put into a high-speed stirring granulator, and the binding solution was added while stirring to obtain a granulated product. The granulated product was dried at 70° C. for 2 hours, then sieved through a sieve with an opening of 850 μm, mixed with magnesium stearate at a ratio of 3.0 parts by mass, and compressed with a rotary tablet press at a rotation speed of 30 rpm and a molding pressure of 11 kN with a tablet diameter of 9.0 mm to obtain a plain tablet of 300 mg per tablet. The tablet hardness was 92 N and the disintegration time was 51 seconds.
A coating liquid containing 5.5% hypromellose, 0.9% triacetin, 2.67% titanium dioxide, 0.03% ferric oxide and 0.9% talc was sprayed onto the uncoated tablets in a coating device at an inlet air temperature of 60°C and an exhaust air temperature of 43 to 46°C to obtain film-coated tablets weighing 310 mg each.
(実施例6)~(実施例7)
表2の錠剤成分・配合量に従い実施例5と同様の方法でニンテダニブエタンスルホン酸塩のフィルムコーティング錠を作成した。
(Example 6) to (Example 7)
Film-coated tablets of nintedanib ethanesulfonate were prepared in the same manner as in Example 5 according to the tablet ingredients and formulation amounts shown in Table 2.
[乾式造粒法による錠剤製造]
(実施例8)
ニンテダニブエタンスルホン酸塩(D50:10μm)120.4質量部、乳糖92.6質量部、低置換度ヒドロキシプロセルロース21.0質量部、結晶セルロース25.0質量部、ヒドロキシプロセルロース6.0質量部、無水ケイ酸3.0質量部及びステアリン酸マグネシウム2.0質量部を混合し、打錠を行った後、解砕し20Meshの篩で整粒子し顆粒を得た。この顆粒270質量部に結晶セルロース20.0質量部、低置換度ヒドロキシプロセルロース9.0質量部、ステアリン酸マグネシウム1.0質量部の割合で混合し、ロータリー式打錠機を用い、回転数30rpmとし、錠剤径9.0mmで成形圧11kNにて打錠し、1錠300mgの素錠を得た。
[Tablet production by dry granulation method]
(Example 8)
Mix 120.4 parts by weight of nintedanib ethanesulfonate ( D50 : 10μm), 92.6 parts by weight of lactose, 21.0 parts by weight of low-substituted hydroxyprocellulose, 25.0 parts by weight of crystalline cellulose, 6.0 parts by weight of hydroxyprocellulose, 3.0 parts by weight of anhydrous silicic acid and 2.0 parts by weight of magnesium stearate, and perform tableting, then disintegrate and sieve through a 20Mesh sieve to obtain granules. Mix 270 parts by weight of this granule with 20.0 parts by weight of crystalline cellulose, 9.0 parts by weight of low-substituted hydroxyprocellulose and 1.0 parts by weight of magnesium stearate, and use a rotary tablet press with a rotation speed of 30 rpm, tablet diameter of 9.0 mm and molding pressure of 11 kN to obtain plain tablets of 300 mg per tablet.
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