JP2024028139A - Resin film, method for creating resin film, display device, optical member, and polarizing member - Google Patents

Abstract

An object of the present invention is to provide a resin film etc. that has both good anti-glare properties and sharpness. A resin film includes an anti-glare layer and a low refractive index layer. The low refractive index layer 17 is laminated on the anti-glare layer 16. Further, the low refractive index layer 17 has a refractive index of 1.40 or less. Anti-glare layer 16 includes scattering particles 162 and binder 161. The scattering particles 162 have irregularities 163 formed on their surfaces. Binder 161 is made of resin that disperses scattering particles 162. Further, the anti-glare layer 16 includes a flat portion 16a and a protruding portion 16b. In the protruding portion 16b, scattering particles 162 protrude from the flat portion 16a. [Selection diagram] Figure 2

Description

The present invention relates to resin films and the like. More specifically, the present invention relates to a resin film and the like provided on the surface of a display means of a display device.

Display devices such as liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and plasma displays (PDPs) are known. Display devices such as electroluminescence displays (ELD) and field emission displays (FED) are also known. In these display devices, the visibility of the image is improved by providing an antireflection member on the image display surface.
As an antireflection member, there is one in which an antireflection layer such as a low refractive index layer is laminated on an antiglare layer having an uneven shape.

Patent Document 1 discloses an anti-glare anti-reflection member having an anti-glare layer and a low refractive index layer on a base material. In this anti-glare and anti-reflection member, the anti-glare layer is a layer containing a binder resin and particles and having an uneven shape. Further, in this anti-glare reflective member, the low refractive index layer is thin on the convex portions of the anti-glare layer, but thick on the flat portions. When the film thickness of the low refractive index layer is defined as Δd, the value of Δd is in the range of 7.0 nm or more and 40.0 nm or less.

Patent Document 2 discloses an optical laminate having a low refractive index layer (antireflection layer) laminated on an antiglare layer. In this optical laminate, in order to suppress the reflectance in the low wavelength region, the skewness Rsk of the anti-glare layer surface and the low refractive index layer surface is set to be less than 0, and the surface shape of the anti-glare layer and the low refractive index layer is It has a surface shape with many slender, steep valleys (a shape with few elongated, steep peaks).

Patent Document 3 discloses an anti-glare/anti-reflection member in which an anti-glare layer having an uneven structure and an anti-reflection layer and an anti-reflection layer are laminated on the surface layer of a base material. In this anti-glare/anti-reflection member, an anti-reflection layer consisting of a multilayer film in which low refractive index layers and high refractive index layers are alternately laminated is formed on the anti-glare layer by sputtering method or CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) method. are doing.

International Publication 2021/182424 Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2022-15702 Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2018-97379

In order to enhance the anti-glare properties of the resin film including the anti-glare layer and the low refractive index layer and to suppress the reflection of external light on the display means, it is preferable to increase the irregularities on the surface of the anti-glare layer. On the other hand, if the surface of the anti-glare layer has large irregularities, the coatability of the low refractive index layer laminated on the anti-glare layer may deteriorate, making it difficult to obtain a low refractive index layer with a uniform thickness. be. In this case, the image displayed on the display unit may become white and blurred, resulting in a decrease in sharpness.
An object of the present invention is to provide a resin film etc. that has good anti-glare properties and good sharpness.

The resin film of the present invention includes an anti-glare layer and a low refractive index layer. The low refractive index layer is laminated to the anti-glare layer. Further, the low refractive index layer has a refractive index of 1.40 or less. The anti-glare layer includes scattering particles and a binder. The scattering particles have irregularities formed on their surfaces. The binder consists of a resin that disperses the scattering particles. Further, the anti-glare layer includes a flat portion and a protruding portion. In the protruding part, the scattering particles protrude from the flat part.

Here, the anti-glare layer has a ratio of the area of the flat part to the area of the protruding part (area of the flat part/area of the protruding part) of 2.0 or more and 30 or less, when viewed from the direction in which the low refractive index layer is laminated. can be made so that
Further, the scattering particles can have an average particle diameter of 1 μm or more and 10 μm or less.
Further, the scattering particles can have a specific surface area calculated by the BET method of 5 m ² /g or more.
Further, the scattering particles can be configured such that the proportion of particles having a particle size of 20 μm or more is 1% by mass or less.
Furthermore, the scattering particles can have a particle size distribution coefficient of variation of 30% or less.
Further, the scattering particles can include a plurality of particles having different average particle diameters.
Furthermore, the scattering particles can be such that the difference in average particle diameter of the plurality of particles is 2.0 μm or less.
Further, the anti-glare layer can be configured such that the difference between the refractive index of the binder and the refractive index of the scattering particles is 0.15 or less.
Further, the anti-glare layer can be made such that the interface between the binder and the scattering particles is compatible.
Further, in the anti-glare layer, the binder can have a refractive index of 1.50 or more and 1.60 or less.
Further, in the anti-glare layer, the refractive index of the scattering particles can be 1.44 or more and 1.60 or less.
Furthermore, the scattering particles can include at least one of silica particles, PMMA particles, melamine particles, and cellulose acetate particles.
The scattering particles can also include silicone particles.
Further, the anti-glare layer can further include nanoparticles having an average particle diameter of 100 nm or less.
Additionally, the anti-glare layer may further include particles that do not protrude from the binder.
Further, the low refractive index layer can have a refractive index of 1.34 or less.
Further, the low refractive index layer includes hollow particles and resin. The resin disperses the hollow particles.
Further, the average thickness of the low refractive index layer can be set to be 80 nm or more and 120 nm or less.
Furthermore, a high refractive index layer may be further provided between the anti-glare layer and the low refractive index layer. The high refractive index layer has a refractive index of 1.60 or more.
Further, the external haze value can be set to 20% or more.
Further, the internal haze value can be set to 15% or less.
Further, the gloss value measured from the low refractive index layer side at an incident angle of 60° can be set to 10 or less.
Further, the gloss value measured from the low refractive index layer side at an incident angle of 85° can be set to 50 or less.

Further, the resin film of the present invention includes an anti-glare layer and a low refractive index layer. The low refractive index layer is laminated to the anti-glare layer. Further, the low refractive index layer has a refractive index of 1.40 or less. The anti-glare layer has a flat portion and a protruding portion protruding from the flat portion. In addition, the anti-glare layer has a ratio of the area of the flat part to the area of the protruding part (area of the flat part/area of the protruding part) of 2.0 or more and 30 or less when viewed from the direction in which the low refractive index layer is laminated. be. Furthermore, in the anti-glare layer, the surface roughness at the protruding portions is greater than that at the flat portions.

Moreover, the method for creating a resin film of the present invention includes an anti-glare layer creation step and a low refractive index layer creation step. In the anti-glare layer creation step, an anti-glare layer having flat portions and protruding portions is created using scattering particles and a binder. The scattering particles have irregularities formed on their surfaces. The binder consists of a resin that disperses the scattering particles. In the protruding part, the scattering particles protrude from the flat part. In the low refractive index layer creation step, a low refractive index layer having a refractive index of 1.40 or less is created.
Here, in the low refractive index layer forming step, the low refractive index layer can be formed by a wet coating method.

Further, the display device of the present invention includes display means for displaying an image, and the resin film provided on the surface of the display means.
Moreover, the optical member of the present invention includes a base material and the resin film provided on the base material.
Here, the base material can have a maximum internal haze value of 0.5% or less in the visible light wavelength region.
Moreover, the polarizing member of the present invention includes a polarizing means for polarizing light and the resin film provided on the polarizing means.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a resin film etc. that have both good anti-glare properties and good sharpness.

(a) is a diagram illustrating a display device to which this embodiment is applied. (b) is a sectional view taken along line Ib-Ib in FIG. 1(a), and shows an example of the configuration of a liquid crystal panel to which this embodiment is applied. It is a diagram showing an antireflection film, and is a cross-sectional view of the antireflection film cut along the lamination direction of each layer. It is an enlarged view of an anti-glare layer in an anti-reflection film. (a) to (b) are diagrams showing modified examples of the antireflection film. (a) to (b) are diagrams illustrating other forms of the anisotropic diffusion layer. It is a figure shown about another modification of an antireflection film. (a) to (b) are diagrams showing exemplary configurations of polarizing plates to which this embodiment is applied. (a) is a flowchart showing an example of a method for creating an antireflection film, and (b) is a flowchart showing a method for creating an antiglare layer and a low refractive index layer in the antireflection film.

EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the form for implementing this invention is demonstrated in detail. Note that the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. In addition, various modifications can be made within the scope of the gist. Furthermore, the drawings used are for explaining the present embodiment and do not represent the actual size.

<Description of display device 1>
FIG. 1A is a diagram illustrating a display device 1 to which this embodiment is applied.
The illustrated display device 1 is, for example, a liquid crystal display for a PC (Personal Computer) or a liquid crystal television. The display device 1 displays images on a liquid crystal panel 1a.

<Description of liquid crystal panel 1a>
FIG. 1(b) is a sectional view taken along line Ib-Ib in FIG. 1(a), and shows an example of the configuration of a liquid crystal panel 1a to which this embodiment is applied.
The liquid crystal panel 1a is an example of a display unit that displays images. The liquid crystal panel 1a of this embodiment is, for example, a VA type liquid crystal panel. The illustrated liquid crystal panel 1a includes a backlight unit 11 and a polarizing film 12a. Further, the liquid crystal panel 1a includes a retardation film 13a, a liquid crystal 14, a retardation film 13b, and a polarizing film 12b. Furthermore, the liquid crystal panel 1a has an antireflection film 10. These are stacked in this order from the inside of the liquid crystal panel 1a toward the front surface. In addition, below, when the polarizing film 12a and the polarizing film 12b are not distinguished, they may be simply written as the polarizing film 12. Similarly, when the retardation film 13a and the retardation film 13b are not distinguished, they may be simply referred to as retardation film 13.
Further, although details will be described later, the antireflection film 10 includes a base material 15, an anti-glare layer 16, and a low refractive index layer 17 in this order from the inside side of the liquid crystal panel 1a toward the surface side. It has a layered structure. In this embodiment, the laminate of the anti-glare layer 16 and the low refractive index layer 17 in the anti-reflection film 10 is an example of a resin film. Furthermore, the antireflection film 10 that includes the base material 15 in addition to the antiglare layer 16 and the low refractive index layer 17 is also an example of a resin film.

The backlight unit 11 irradiates the liquid crystal 14 with light. The backlight unit 11 includes a light source such as, for example, a cold cathode fluorescent lamp, a white LED (Light Emitting Diode), or a blue LED. Further, the backlight unit 11 may include a diffusion sheet or a prism sheet that controls the uniformity of light, a quantum dot color conversion sheet that controls color, and the like.
The polarizing film 12a and the polarizing film 12b are examples of polarizing means for polarizing light. The polarizing film 12a and the polarizing film 12b have polarization directions perpendicular to each other. The polarizing film 12a and the polarizing film 12b include, for example, a resin film made of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) containing iodine compound molecules. This is then sandwiched and bonded between resin films made of triacetylcellulose (TAC). The inclusion of iodine compound molecules polarizes the light.

The retardation films 13a and 13b compensate for the viewing angle dependence of the liquid crystal panel 1a. The polarization state of the light transmitted through the liquid crystal 14 changes from linearly polarized light to elliptically polarized light. For example, when displaying black, the liquid crystal panel 1a appears black when viewed from the vertical direction. On the other hand, when the liquid crystal panel 1a is viewed from an oblique direction, retardation of the liquid crystal 14 occurs. Further, the axis of the polarizing film 12 is no longer 90°. Therefore, a problem arises in that light leakage occurs and contrast deteriorates. That is, viewing angle dependence occurs in the liquid crystal panel 1a. The retardation films 13a and 13b have a function of returning this elliptically polarized light to linearly polarized light. Thereby, the retardation films 13a and 13b can compensate for the viewing angle dependence of the liquid crystal panel 1a.

A power supply (not shown) is connected to the liquid crystal 14, and when a voltage is applied from this power supply, the alignment direction of the liquid crystal 14 changes. The liquid crystal 14 thereby controls the state of light transmission.
In the case of a VA type liquid crystal panel, when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal 14 (voltage OFF), liquid crystal molecules are aligned in the vertical direction in the figure. When light is emitted from the backlight unit 11, the light first passes through the polarizing film 12a and becomes polarized light. Then, the polarized light passes through the liquid crystal 14 as it is. Furthermore, since the polarizing film 12b has different polarization directions, it blocks this polarized light. In this case, the user viewing the liquid crystal panel 1a cannot visually recognize this light. That is, when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal 14, the color of the liquid crystal is "black."

On the other hand, when the maximum voltage is applied to the liquid crystal 14, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned in the horizontal direction in the figure. Then, the direction of polarized light that has passed through the polarizing film 12a is rotated by 90 degrees due to the action of the liquid crystal 14. Therefore, the polarizing film 12b does not block this polarized light but allows it to pass through. In this case, the user viewing the liquid crystal panel 1a can visually recognize this light. That is, when the maximum voltage is applied to the liquid crystal 14, the color of the liquid crystal becomes "white". Also, the voltage can be between the voltage OFF and the maximum voltage. In this case, the liquid crystal 14 is in a state between the vertical direction in the figure and the direction perpendicular to the vertical direction in the figure. That is, the liquid crystals 14 are arranged in an oblique direction, which is a direction that intersects both the vertical direction and the vertical direction. In this state, the color of the liquid crystal becomes "gray". Therefore, by adjusting the voltage applied to the liquid crystal 14 between OFF and the maximum voltage, not only black and white but also intermediate gradations can be expressed. The liquid crystal panel 1a then displays an image.
Although not shown, a color image can also be displayed by using a color filter.

<Description of antireflection film 10>
Next, each layer constituting the antireflection film 10 will be explained.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the antireflection film 10, and is a cross-sectional view of the antireflection film 10 taken along the lamination direction of each layer. FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the anti-glare layer 16 in the anti-reflection film 10.
As described above, the antireflection film 10 is provided on the polarizing film 12b (see FIG. 1) of the liquid crystal panel 1a (see FIG. 1). The antireflection film 10 includes a base material 15, an anti-glare layer 16 laminated on the base material 15, and a low refractive index layer 17 laminated on the anti-glare layer 16.

<Description of base material 15>
The base material 15 is a support for forming the anti-glare layer 16 and the low refractive index layer 17. The base material 15 is preferably made of a material with high light transmittance, and is preferably a transparent base material with a total light transmittance of 85% or more. As the base material 15, triacetylcellulose (TAC) is used, for example. In addition, the base material 15 is not limited to these materials, and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), cycloolefin polymer (COP), etc. can be used as the base material 15. You can also do that. Furthermore, when PET is used as the base material 15, a super birefringence film (SRF), which is a film obtained by stretching PET to have a large birefringence, may be used. However, in this embodiment, a film made of TAC or PET can be more preferably used as the base material 15 from the viewpoint of suppressing the occurrence of color unevenness and moiré when bonded to the polarizing film 12b. . The base material 15 has a thickness of, for example, 20 μm or more and 200 μm or less. Further, in order to ensure adhesion with the anti-glare layer 16, an easily adhesive layer may be formed on the surface of the base material 15. When an easily adhesive layer is formed on the surface of the base material 15, it is preferable that the refractive index of the easily adhesive layer has a small difference from the refractive index of a binder 161 of the anti-glare layer 16, which will be described later.

Further, the upper limit of the internal haze value of the base material 15 in the visible light region (wavelength range of 380 nm to 780 nm) is preferably 0.8% or less, more preferably 0.5% or less. , more preferably 0.3% or less. Further, the lower limit of the internal haze value in the viewing area of the base material 15 is not particularly limited, but is preferably, for example, 0.05% or more. When the internal haze value of the base material 15 in the visible light region is high, the diffuse reflection component (SCE) of the antireflection film 10 increases, and the SCI (Specular Component Include) and reflection chromaticity (a ^* / b) of the antireflection film 10 increase. ^* ) may worsen. This tendency becomes particularly noticeable when highly scattering particles (scattering particles 162 described later) are used in the anti-glare layer 16. Note that the SCE of the antireflection film 10 is the reflectance of the antireflection film 10 excluding the regular reflection component.
The internal haze value of the base material 15 can be obtained, for example, by measuring the haze in a state where the base material 15 is sandwiched between glass plates via a liquid having a refractive index close to that of the base material 15. Further, the wavelength dependence of the internal haze value of the base material 15 can be measured using a spectroscopic haze meter (for example, SH7000 manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries).

<Description of anti-glare layer 16>
The anti-glare layer 16 is a layer for scattering external light, suppressing reflection of light on the liquid crystal panel 1a, and enhancing the anti-glare properties of the anti-reflection film 10.
The anti-glare layer 16 of this embodiment includes a binder 161 and scattering particles 162. Although details will be described later, the anti-glare layer 16 can be formed from a coating solution containing a binder 161 and scattering particles 162, for example. In addition to the binder 161 and the scattering particles 162, the anti-glare layer 16 also includes a polymerization initiator, a chain transfer agent, a leveling agent, an antifoaming agent, a surface modifier, an ultraviolet absorber, a thickener, an antioxidant, a Other additives such as fuel agents may also be included.
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the anti-glare layer 16 of this embodiment includes a flat portion 16a which is mainly made of a binder 161 and has a flat surface shape, and a portion of scattering particles 162 protrudes from the surface of the flat portion 16a. It has a protrusion 16b formed by doing so. Note that the protruding portion 16b protrudes from the surface of the flat portion 16a upward in the figure, that is, toward the surface side of the liquid crystal panel 1a.

Binder 161 includes a resin that disperses scattering particles. As the resin constituting the binder 161, a curable resin can be used. Among the curable resins, it is preferable to use photocurable resins from the viewpoint of increasing the mechanical strength of the anti-glare layer 16 and obtaining good optical properties.
Examples of the photocurable resin include (meth)acrylic resin, urethane resin, (meth)acrylic urethane resin, epoxy resin, and silicone resin. More specifically, these photocurable resins include compounds having one or more unsaturated bonds. Examples of the compound having one unsaturated bond include ethyl (meth)acrylate, ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, styrene, methylstyrene, and N-vinylpyrrolidone. Examples of compounds having multiple unsaturated bonds include polymethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, tripropylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, diethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra( Examples include meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol penta(meth)acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol di(meth)acrylate, neopentylglycol di(meth)acrylate, and the like. Moreover, examples of the oligomer having a plurality of unsaturated bonds include urethane (meth)acrylate, epoxy (meth)acrylate, polyether (meth)acrylate, and polyester (meth)acrylate. These may be used alone or in combination.
Moreover, as the resin for the binder 161, the same resin as the resin exemplified as the binder 171 of the low refractive index layer 17, which will be described later, may be used.

The refractive index of the binder 161 is preferably 1.50 or more, more preferably 1.55 or more. Moreover, it is preferable that the refractive index of the binder 161 is 1.60 or less.
Although details will be described later, it is preferable that the difference between the refractive index of the binder 161 and the refractive index of the scattering particles 162 is small.

As shown in FIG. 3, the scattering particles 162 exist in a state protruding from the flat portion 16a mainly constituted by the binder 161. This protruding shape scatters light from the outside. Further, the scattering particles 162 have irregularities 163 formed on their surfaces. The unevenness 163 formed on the surface of the scattering particles 162 makes it easier to scatter light from the outside.
The average particle diameter of the scattering particles 162 is set in a range in which a portion of the scattering particles 162 protrudes from the surface of the flat portion 16a formed by the binder 161 to form a protrusion 16b in the anti-glare layer 16. Therefore, the average particle diameter of the scattering particles 162 can be, for example, 1 μm or more and 10 μm or less, although it varies depending on the amount of the scattering particles 162 mixed with the binder 161, the thickness of the flat portion 16a, and the like. When the average particle diameter of the scattering particles 162 is less than 1 μm, the scattering particles 162 are difficult to protrude from the surface of the flat portion 16a, and the effect of suppressing reflection caused by scattering light by the protrusions 16b is likely to be insufficient. On the other hand, if the average particle diameter of the scattering particles 162 exceeds 10 μm, the area of the protrusions 16b in the anti-glare layer 16 becomes large, and there is a possibility that the coatability of the low refractive index layer 17 to the anti-glare layer 16 may deteriorate.
Further, it is preferable that the scattering particles 162 do not include coarse particles. Specifically, the scattering particles 162 preferably contain particles with a particle size of 20 μm or more at 1% by mass or less, more preferably contain particles with a particle size of 16 μm or more at 0.5% by mass or less, and contain particles with a particle size of 12 μm or less. It is more preferable that the amount of the above particles is 0.2% by mass or less. If the scattering particles 162 contain many coarse particles, the coatability of the low refractive index layer 17 to the anti-glare layer 16 will be reduced, and the low refractive index layer 17 will be more likely to have spot-like appearance defects mainly composed of coarse particles. . The particle size distribution of the scattering particles 162 can be measured using a Coulter counter or the like.

Further, it is preferable that the scattering particles 162 have a narrow particle size distribution. Specifically, the coefficient of variation (CV value) when measuring the particle size distribution of the scattering particles 162 is preferably 35% or less, more preferably 30% or less, and even more preferably 25% or less. preferable. The lower limit of the coefficient of variation is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5% or more, for example. When the coefficient of variation of the particle size distribution of the scattering particles 162 exceeds 35%, the unevenness of the surface of the anti-glare layer 16 including the scattering particles 162 becomes non-uniform. In this case, the coatability of the low refractive index layer 17 to the anti-glare layer 16 is reduced, and spotty coating defects are likely to occur when the low refractive index layer 17 is coated. Furthermore, when the coefficient of variation of the particle size distribution of the scattering particles 162 exceeds 35%, the abrasion resistance of the surface of the antireflection film 10 tends to decrease.

Further, the anti-glare layer 16 may include two or more types of scattering particles 162 having different average particle diameters. Further, in addition to the scattering particles 162, the anti-glare layer 16 may include other particles that have a different average particle diameter from the scattering particles 162 and do not have irregularities 163 formed on their surfaces.
When the anti-glare layer 16 includes two or more types of particles having different average particle diameters, the difference in these average particle diameters is preferably 3.5 μm or less, more preferably 2.0 μm or less, and even more preferably 1.5 μm or less. Further, when the anti-glare layer 16 includes two or more types of particles having different average particle diameters, the difference in these average particle diameters is preferably 0.5 μm or more, and more preferably 1.0 μm or more. By setting the difference in average particle diameter within the above range, the antiglare properties can be improved without causing deterioration of the SCI of the antireflection film 10. Moreover, the reflection chromaticity of the antireflection film 10 can be reduced.

In addition, in the description of this embodiment, the average particle diameter means the number average primary particle diameter. The average primary particle diameter of the scattering particles 162 is determined by an observation image using an SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), a TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope), and a STEM (Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope) of a dry film of a particle dispersion liquid in which the scattering particles 162 are dispersed. It is possible to measure by Note that since the scattering particles 162 have irregularities 163 on the surface, the average primary particle diameter is determined by approximating the convex portions of the irregularities 163 on the surface of the scattering particles 162 to the outer peripheral surface of the scattering particles 162 in the above observation image. Measure.

The surface roughness of the irregularities 163 formed on the surface of the scattering particles 162, that is, the surface roughness at the protruding portions 16b of the anti-glare layer 16 is greater than the surface roughness at the flat portions 16a of the anti-glare layer 16.
Further, the surface roughness (Ra) of the flat portion 16a is preferably as small as possible from the viewpoint of improving the coatability of the low refractive index layer 17 on the flat portion 16a.
The surface roughness of the flat portion 16a and the protruding portion 16b can be measured using an atomic force microscope (AFM) or the like.

The unevenness 163 formed on the surface of the scattering particles 162 can be defined by the specific surface area of the scattering particles 162. The more complex the shape of the unevenness 163 formed on the surface of the scattering particle 162 and the greater the light scattering property of the unevenness 163, the larger the specific surface area of the scattering particle 162 becomes. In this embodiment, the specific surface area of the scattering particles 162 is preferably 5 m ² /g or more, more preferably 50 m ² /g or more, and even more preferably 80 m ² /g or more. Further, although the upper limit of the specific surface area of the scattering particles 162 is not particularly determined, an example of the upper limit is 500 m ² /g or less. When scattering particles 162 having a specific surface area of less than 5 m ² /g are used, it is necessary to incorporate a large amount of scattering particles 162 into the anti-glare layer 16 in order to ensure the anti-glare properties of the anti-reflection film 10. In this case, the area of the protrusions 16b in the anti-glare layer 16 increases, and there is a possibility that the coatability of the low refractive index layer 17 to the anti-glare layer 16 may deteriorate. The specific surface area of the scattering particles 162 can be calculated, for example, by the BET method, which measures the specific surface area of the particles from the amount of gas molecules adsorbed onto the particles.

Although the amount of the scattering particles 162 varies depending on the average particle diameter of the scattering particles 162, it is preferably 2% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less, and 3% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less, based on the solid content of the anti-glare layer 16. It is more preferably at most 4% by mass and at most 20% by mass. When the blending amount of the scattering particles 162 is less than 2% by mass, the density of the protruding scattering particles 162 decreases, and the area of the protrusions 16b decreases. In this case, in the anti-glare layer 16, the effect of suppressing reflection due to scattering of light by the protrusions 16b tends to be insufficient. On the other hand, if the blending amount of the scattering particles 162 exceeds 40% by mass, the area of the protrusions 16b in the anti-glare layer 16 becomes large, and there is a possibility that the coatability of the low refractive index layer 17 to the anti-glare layer 16 may deteriorate.
Here, when the antireflection film 10 is used in the display device 1, the scattering particles 162 included in the antiglare layer 16 may cause a decrease in the contrast of the image displayed on the display device 1. When high image contrast is required in the display device 1, the amount of scattering particles 162 in the anti-glare layer 16 is preferably smaller than the above range. Specifically, the blending amount of the scattering particles 162 is preferably 15% by mass or less, more preferably 10% by mass or less, and even more preferably 7% by mass or less, based on the solid content of the anti-glare layer 16.

As the scattering particles 162, inorganic particles or organic particles may be used. Examples of the scattering particles 162 include silica particles, alumina particles, titania particles, PMMA particles, polystyrene particles, polyethylene particles, melamine particles, nylon particles, cellulose acetate particles, silicone particles, and PTFE particles. Among these, from the viewpoint of refractive index and mechanical strength, it is preferable that at least one of silica particles, PMMA particles, melamine particles, cellulose acetate particles, and silicone particles is included.
Further, the shape of the scattering particles 162 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a spherical shape, an ellipsoidal shape, a needle shape, an irregular shape, etc., but a spherical shape is preferable. When the scattering particles 162 are spherical, the scattering particles 162 are more likely to be uniformly dispersed in the binder 161, and the protrusions 16b are less likely to be unevenly distributed in the anti-glare layer 16.

The refractive index of the scattering particles 162 is preferably 1.44 or more. Furthermore, the refractive index of the scattering particles 162 is preferably 1.60 or less.
Further, in the anti-glare layer 16, it is preferable that the difference between the refractive index of the binder 161 and the refractive index of the scattering particles 162 is small. Specifically, the difference between the refractive index of the binder 161 and the refractive index of the scattering particles 162 is preferably 0.15 or less, more preferably 0.10 or less. Since the difference between the refractive index of the binder 161 and the refractive index of the scattering particles 162 is small, scattering of light at the interface between the binder 161 and the scattering particles 162 can be reduced. Thereby, an increase in the internal haze value of the anti-glare layer 16 can be suppressed, and SCI (Specular Component Include) when used as the anti-reflection film 10 can be easily reduced.

Further, from the same viewpoint, in the anti-glare layer 16, it is preferable that the interface between the binder 161 and the scattering particles 162 (the part indicated by the symbol X in FIG. 3) be compatible with each other. Thereby, the refractive index at the interface between the binder 161 and the scattering particles 162 changes continuously, and backscattering at the interface can be reduced. And it becomes easier to further reduce internal haze.
Although the unevenness 163 formed on the surface of the scattering particles 162 becomes smaller in the compatible portion, the unevenness 163 of the scattering particles 162 protruding from the surface of the binder 161 is maintained. Therefore, in the anti-glare layer 16, even if the interfaces between the binder 161 and the scattering particles 162 are compatible, the effect of scattering light by the unevenness 163 of the scattering particles 162 is maintained.
As a method of making the interface between the binder 161 and the scattering particles 162 compatible, a method of blending a compatibilizer can be mentioned. Further, as will be described in detail later, there is a method in which a solvent that dissolves the components of the scattering particles 162 is added at the time of application (coating) of the coating solution for forming the anti-glare layer 16. The fact that the interface between the binder 161 and the scattering particles 162 is compatible can be confirmed by observing the cross section of the anti-glare layer 16 using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or the like.

As described above, the anti-glare layer 16 has a flat portion 16a having a flat surface shape and a protruding portion 16b formed by a portion of the scattering particles 162 protruding from the surface of the flat portion 16a. . Further, irregularities 163 originating from the scattering particles 162 are formed on the protruding portion 16b.
In general, in order to improve the anti-glare properties of the anti-glare layer 16, it is possible to increase the irregularities on the surface of the anti-glare layer 16 to increase the external haze value. However, simply increasing the irregularities on the surface of the anti-glare layer 16 deteriorates the coatability of the low refractive index layer 17 and the like laminated on the anti-glare layer 16. For example, if the surface of the anti-glare layer 16 has large irregularities, it becomes difficult to uniformly apply the low refractive index layer 17 on the anti-glare layer 16 by a wet coating method or the like. In this case, the low refractive index layer 17 makes it difficult to reduce the amount of light reflected at the interface between the anti-glare layer 16 and the low refractive index layer 17. Then, the image displayed on the liquid crystal panel 1a becomes white and blurred, and the sharpness of the image may decrease.
Note that when coating is performed using a sputtering method, a vapor deposition method, or the like, it is possible to create a uniform low refractive index layer 17 even on the anti-glare layer 16 whose surface is highly uneven. However, since the low refractive index layer 17 that can be formed by these methods has a high refractive index, it is necessary to stack it with a high refractive index layer (for example, four layers) in order to ensure sufficient antireflection properties. As a result, when the antireflection film 10 is observed from an angle, coloring is visible. Furthermore, manufacturing costs will also increase significantly.

On the other hand, in this embodiment, the anti-glare layer 16 has the above-described configuration, so that the external haze value of the anti-glare layer 16 can be increased and the anti-glare properties of the anti-reflection film 10 can be increased. Furthermore, it is possible to suppress deterioration in the coatability of the low refractive index layer 17 to the anti-glare layer 16.
That is, a plurality of protrusions 16b are formed in the anti-glare layer 16 by partially protruding the scattering particles 162. In addition, irregularities 163 originating from the scattering particles 162 are formed on the surface of each protrusion 16b. In addition, the surface roughness of the protruding portion 16b is greater than that of the flat portion 16a. As a result, the external haze value of the anti-glare layer 16 becomes higher, and light from the outside is more likely to be scattered on the surface of the anti-glare layer 16, compared to, for example, a case where the unevenness 163 is not formed on the surface of the protruding portion 16b. As a result, reflection of light onto the liquid crystal panel 1a is suppressed, and the anti-glare properties of the anti-reflection film 10 can be improved.

Further, the anti-glare layer 16 has a flat portion 16a having a flat surface. Thereby, by forming the low refractive index layer 17 on the flat portion 16a of the anti-glare layer 16, deterioration in the coatability of the low refractive index layer 17 on the anti-glare layer 16 is suppressed. In addition, even when creating the low refractive index layer 17 using a wet coating method, it is possible to uniformly apply the low refractive index layer 17. As a result, it becomes possible to reduce the reflectance of the liquid crystal panel 1a by the low refractive index layer 17 and increase the sharpness of the image displayed on the liquid crystal panel 1a.

The anti-glare layer 16 has a ratio of the area of the flat part 16a to the area of the protruding part 16b (area of the flat part 16a/area of the protruding part 16b) when viewed from the direction (above) in which the low refractive index layer 17 is laminated. is preferably 2.0 or more and 30 or less, more preferably 5.0 or more and 20 or less.
If the ratio of the area of the flat portion 16a to the area of the protruding portion 16b is less than 2.0, the area of the portion with a flat surface shape in the anti-glare layer 16 becomes small, so that the coatability of the low refractive index layer 17 decreases. There is a risk of Furthermore, if the ratio of the area of the flat portion 16a to the area of the protruding portion 16b exceeds 30, the area of the protruding portion 16b becomes relatively small, so that light is scattered by the unevenness 163 formed on the surface of the protruding portion 16b. It may become difficult.

The thickness of the flat portion 16a in the anti-glare layer 16 is preferably 1 μm or more and 10 μm or less, more preferably 2 μm or more and 6 μm or less. When the film thickness of the flat portion 16a is less than 1 μm, the holding power of the scattering particles 162 by the binder 161 forming the flat portion 16a tends to be low. Moreover, the mechanical properties necessary for the anti-glare layer 16, such as pencil hardness, become insufficient. On the other hand, when the film thickness of the flat portion 16a exceeds 10 μm, the scattering particles 162 are difficult to protrude from the surface of the flat portion 16a, and the protruding portion 16b is difficult to be formed. In this case, in the anti-glare layer 16, the effect of suppressing reflection due to scattering of light by the protrusions 16b tends to be insufficient.
Further, the height at which the scattering particles 162 protrude from the surface of the flat portion 16a in the protruding portion 16b is, for example, 20% or more and 80% or less of the particle diameter of the scattering particles 162, and may be 30% or more and 70% or less. preferable.

In addition, in the anti-glare layer 16 of this embodiment, the low refractive index layer 17 is not laminated on the surface of the protrusion part 16b, and the unevenness|corrugation 163 of the surface of the scattering particle 162 is exposed, but it is not limited to this. The unevenness 163 on the surface of the scattering particles 162 may be covered with the low refractive index layer 17.

Further, the anti-glare layer 16 may further include particles having a small average particle diameter. Particles having a small average particle diameter mean particles having an average particle diameter smaller than the thickness of the binder 161 in the anti-glare layer 16 (that is, the thickness of the flat portion 16a). Hereinafter, particles having a small average particle diameter will be referred to as microparticles. Examples of the material for the microparticles include polymethyl (meth)acrylate, styrene, polyacrylic-styrene copolymer, melamine resin, silicone, fluororesin, silica, alumina, and the like. In this embodiment, by blending fine particles, it is possible to form a uniform anti-glare layer 16 in which excessive aggregation of the scattering particles 162 is suppressed.

When the thickness of the flat portion 16a of the anti-glare layer 16 is T, the average particle diameter of the fine particles is preferably 0.1T or more and 0.9T or less, more preferably 0.2T or more and 0.8T or less, and 0.3T or more. More preferably, it is 0.7T or less. Further, the specific average particle diameter of the fine particles is preferably 0.5 μm or more and 3.0 μm or less, more preferably 0.8 μm or more and 2.3 μm or less. If the average particle diameter of the microparticles is below the above range, back scattering of light incident on the anti-glare layer 16 will increase, and the reflectance will deteriorate. Furthermore, if the average particle diameter of the fine particles exceeds the above range, the fine particles will protrude from the surface of the binder 161, making it difficult to uniformly apply the low refractive index layer 17. In this case, it becomes difficult to reduce the reflectance of the liquid crystal panel 1a by the low refractive index layer 17.

Moreover, the anti-glare layer 16 may further contain nanoparticles. Nanoparticles are particles with an average particle diameter of 100 nm or less. Examples of the material of the nanoparticles include silica, alumina, zirconia, titania, indium oxide, etc. Among them, silica is preferable because it has a small difference in refractive index from the binder 161. In the anti-glare layer 16 of this embodiment, the inclusion of nanoparticles in the binder 161 increases the specific gravity and viscosity of the binder 161, and can prevent the scattering particles 162 from aggregating in the anti-glare layer 16.
The content of nanoparticles is preferably 1% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less, more preferably 3% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less, based on the solid content of the anti-glare layer 16. By setting the content of nanoparticles within the above range, the above effects of the nanoparticles can be obtained without causing aggregation of nanoparticles in the anti-glare layer 16.

<Description of low refractive index layer 17>
The low refractive index layer 17 is a layer for reducing the reflectance of the liquid crystal panel 1a. In this embodiment, the low refractive index layer 17 is laminated on the flat portion 16a of the anti-glare layer 16.
The low refractive index layer 17 is a layer with a relatively low refractive index. Specifically, the low refractive index layer 17 needs to have a refractive index of 1.40 or less. Further, the low refractive index layer 17 preferably has a refractive index of 1.20 or more and 1.34 or less. When the refractive index of the low refractive index layer 17 is within this range, the reflectance on the liquid crystal panel 1a can be further reduced.
The low refractive index layer 17 may be formed as a single layer or as a multilayer, but from the viewpoint of manufacturing cost, it is preferable to form it with as few layers as possible.

The thickness of the low refractive index layer 17 is 50 nm or more and 500 nm or less, preferably 80 nm or more and 120 nm or less. In addition, it is preferable that the thickness (average thickness) of the low refractive index layer 17 is sufficiently smaller than the particle size of the scattering particles 162 in the anti-glare layer 16 and the height of the protrusion 16b of the anti-glare layer 16.

The low refractive index layer 17 includes a binder 171 and hollow silica particles 172 as an example of hollow particles distributed in the binder 171. Although not shown, the low refractive index layer 17 further includes a surface modifier mainly distributed on the surface side of the binder 171 (upper side in FIG. 2).

The binder 171 has a three-dimensional crosslinked structure and connects the hollow silica particles 172 to each other. Binder 171 contains resin as a main component. The resin may include a fluorine-containing resin. In this case, all of the resin may be a fluororesin, or a portion thereof may be a fluororesin. The fluororesin is a resin containing fluorine, and is, for example, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Also, for example, perfluoroalkoxyalkane (PFA). Furthermore, for example, perfluoroethylene propene copolymer (FEP), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE). Fluorine-containing resins have a low refractive index. Therefore, by using a fluorine-containing resin, the low refractive index layer 17 tends to have a lower refractive index, and the reflectance can be further reduced.

Moreover, it is more preferable that the fluororesin is a photocurable fluororesin. The photocurable fluorine-containing resin is obtained by photopolymerizing photopolymerizable fluorine-containing monomers represented by the following general formulas (1) to (2). The structural unit M is contained in an amount of 0.1 mol% or more and 100 mol% or less. It also contains more than 0 mol% and less than 99.9 mol% of structural unit A. Furthermore, the number average molecular weight is 30,000 or more and 1,000,000 or less.

In the general formula (1), the structural unit M is a structural unit derived from the fluorine-containing ethylenic monomer shown in the general formula (2). Further, the structural unit A is a structural unit derived from a monomer copolymerizable with the fluorine-containing ethylenic monomer represented by the general formula (2).
In general formula (2), X ¹ and X ² are H or F. Moreover, ^X3 is H, F, _CH3 or _CF3 . ^X4 and ^X5 are H, F or _CF3 . Rf is an organic group in which 1 to 3 Y ¹ is bonded to a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms or a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 2 to 100 carbon atoms and having an ether bond. Note that Y ¹ is a monovalent organic group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms and having an ethylenic carbon-carbon double bond at the end. Further, a is 0, 1, 2 or 3, and b and c are 0 or 1.
As the photopolymerizable fluororesin, for example, OPTOOL AR-110 manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd. can be exemplified. Further, examples include EBECRYL8110 manufactured by Daicel Allnex, LINC series manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd., and the like.
Specific examples of binders that do not contain fluorine atoms include light acrylates POB-A, NP-A, DCP-A, TMP-A, UA-306I, and UA-306H manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical. Further examples include NK esters A-DOD-N, A-200, and A-BPE-4 manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd. Further examples include Aronix M-315, M-306, and M-408 manufactured by Toagosei. Further examples include KAYARAD DPHA and DPEA-12 manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd. These binders are effective in improving film strength.

The hollow silica particles 172 have an outer shell layer, and the inside of the outer shell layer is hollow or porous. The outer shell layer and the porous body are mainly composed of silicon oxide (SiO ₂ ). Furthermore, a large number of photopolymerizable groups and hydroxyl groups are bonded to the surface side of the outer shell layer. The photopolymerizable group and the outer shell layer are bonded through at least one of a Si--O--Si bond and a hydrogen bond. Examples of the photopolymerizable group include an acryloyl group and a methacryloyl group. That is, the hollow silica particles 172 contain at least one of an acryloyl group and a methacryloyl group as a photopolymerizable group. Photopolymerizable groups are also referred to as ionizing radiation curable groups. The hollow silica particles 172 only need to have at least a photopolymerizable group, and the number and type of these functional groups are not particularly limited.

The average primary particle diameter of the hollow silica particles 172 is preferably 35 nm or more and 120 nm or less. Further, the average primary particle diameter of the hollow silica particles 172 is more preferably 40 nm or more and 90 nm or less. When the average primary particle diameter is less than 35 nm, the porosity of the hollow silica particles 172 tends to become small. Therefore, the effect of lowering the refractive index of the low refractive index layer 17 is less likely to occur. Further, when the average primary particle diameter of the hollow silica particles 172 exceeds 120 nm, the surface irregularities of the low refractive index layer 17 tend to become noticeable. Therefore, stain resistance and scratch resistance tend to deteriorate.

The average primary particle diameter of the hollow silica particles 172 can be measured by observing an image of a dried film of the particle dispersion using an SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), a TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope), or a STEM (Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope). It is.

The content of the hollow silica particles 172 in the low refractive index layer 17 is preferably 30% by mass or more and 65% by mass or less. When the amount of hollow silica particles 172 is less than 30% by mass, the refractive index of the low refractive index layer 17 becomes high, and the reflectance of the antireflection film 10 tends to become high. Furthermore, when the content of hollow silica particles 172 exceeds 65% by mass, the film strength tends to decrease. Furthermore, deposits are more noticeable and difficult to wipe off.

Further, the hollow silica particles 172 can have a plurality of maximum values in a frequency curve (particle size distribution curve) with respect to the particle size of the hollow silica particles 172. That is, in this case, the hollow silica particles 172 are composed of a plurality of particles having different particle size distributions. For example, a plurality of hollow silica particles 172 having an average primary particle diameter of 30 nm, 60 nm, and 75 nm are selected and mixed for use.

The surface modifier is mainly distributed on the surface side of the binder 171 and modifies the surface of the low refractive index layer 17. That is, the surface modifier is segregated on the surface side of the low refractive index layer 17. Note that even if the surface modifier exists inside the binder 171, it does not impair the function of the low refractive index layer 17.
In this embodiment, the surface modifier includes an oil-repellent surface modifier and a lipophilic surface modifier.

The oil-repellent surface modifier plays a role in improving the oil-repellency of the film surface by being mixed with the binder 171 and the like and segregated on the surface. The effect of the oil-repellent surface modifier can be confirmed by measuring the contact angle of oleic acid, etc. In this case, the effect can be confirmed by the difference in contact angle on the membrane surface between when the oil-repellent surface modifier is added and when it is not added (contact angle when added - contact angle when not added). In this case, the contact angle increases when an oil-repellent surface modifier is added. The difference in contact angle is preferably 10° or more. Further, the difference in contact angle is more preferably 20° or more, and even more preferably 30° or more.

The oil-repellent surface modifier is preferably a fluorine-based compound having a photopolymerizable group.
Specific oil-repellent surface modifiers include, for example, KY-1203 and KY-1207 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. Another example is Optool DAC-HP manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd. Further examples include Megafac F-477, F-554, F-556, F-570, RS-56, RS-58, RS-75, RS-78, and RS-90 manufactured by DIC Corporation. Furthermore, examples include FS-7024, FS-7025, FS-7026, FS-7031, and FS-7032 manufactured by Fluoro Technology Co., Ltd. Furthermore, examples include H-3593 and H-3594 manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd. Furthermore, for example, SURECO AF Series manufactured by AGC Corporation can be mentioned. Examples include Ftergent F-222F, M-250, 601AD, and 601ADH2 manufactured by NEOS Corporation.

The lipophilic surface modifier plays a role in improving the lipophilicity of the membrane surface by being blended with the binder 171 and the like and segregated on the surface. The effect of a lipophilic surface modifier can be confirmed by measuring the contact angle of oleic acid, etc. In this case, the effect can be confirmed by the difference in contact angle on the membrane surface between when the lipophilic surface modifier is not added and when it is added (contact angle when not added - contact angle when added). In this case, when a lipophilic surface modifier is added, the contact angle becomes smaller. The difference in contact angle is preferably 3° or more. Further, the difference in contact angle is more preferably 5° or more, and even more preferably 7° or more.

A specific example of the lipophilic surface modifier is Mercuria 350L manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd. Further, examples include Ftergent 730LM, 602A, 650A, and 650AC manufactured by NEOS Corporation.

Even if deposits such as sebum adhere to the low refractive index layer 17, the deposits are not easily noticeable. In addition, it is easy to wipe off deposits. This is the same even if a large amount of hollow silica particles 172 are contained.

<Characteristics of antireflection film 10>
Next, the characteristics of the antireflection film 10 in which the antiglare layer 16 and the low refractive index layer 17 are laminated will be explained.
The antireflection film 10 preferably has a haze value (total haze value) that is a combination of an internal haze value and an external haze value, and is more preferably 20% or more, and more preferably 30% or more. The haze value of the antireflection film 10 can be measured in accordance with JIS K7136:2000. Further, the antireflection film 10 preferably has a haze value of 80% or less, more preferably 60% or less. If the haze value of the antireflection film 10 is less than 20%, the antiglare properties of the antireflection film 10 will be insufficient, and light will likely be reflected on the liquid crystal panel 1a.

Further, the antireflection film 10 preferably has an external haze value of 15% or more, more preferably 20% or more. The external haze value originates from the surface shape of the antireflection film 10, and the larger the external haze value, the more easily light is scattered on the surface of the antireflection film 10. In this embodiment, the external haze value originates from the protrusion 16b of the anti-glare layer 16 and the unevenness 163 formed on the surface of the protrusion 16b (scattering particles 162).
When the external haze value of the antireflection film 10 is 15% or more, reflection of light on the liquid crystal panel 1a is suppressed, and the antiglare properties of the antireflection film 10 can be further improved.
The external haze value of the antireflection film 10 can be obtained by subtracting the internal haze value measured by the method described later from the total haze value.

Further, the antireflection film 10 preferably has an internal haze value of 15% or less, more preferably 7% or less. The internal haze value is derived from the composition of each layer constituting the antireflection film 10, and the smaller the internal haze value is, the more difficult it is for light to be scattered within the antireflection film 10.
When the internal haze value of the antireflection film 10 is 15% or less, it is suppressed that the sharpness of the image displayed on the liquid crystal panel 1a is reduced due to scattering of light within the antireflection film 10.
The internal haze value of the anti-reflection film 10 is such that the unevenness 163 of the protrusion 16b exposed on the surface of the anti-reflection film 10 can be covered with a liquid having almost the same refractive index without dissolving the anti-glare layer 16 (scattering particles 162). In a filled and flat state, measurement can be performed in accordance with JIS K7136:2000.

Further, the antireflection film 10 preferably has a gloss value of 10 or less, more preferably 5 or less, as measured from the low refractive index layer 17 side at an incident angle of 60°.
Further, the antireflection film 10 preferably has a gloss value of 50 or less, more preferably 40 or less, as measured from the low refractive index layer 17 side at an incident angle of 85°.
The lower the gloss value of the antireflection film 10, the more easily light is scattered on the surface of the antireflection film 10, and the reflection of light on the liquid crystal panel 1a is suppressed. In this embodiment, the gloss value measured from the low refractive index layer 17 side of the antireflection film 10 at an incident angle of 60° is 10 or less, and the gloss value measured from the low refractive index layer 17 side at an incident angle of 85° is 50 or less. By doing so, the anti-glare properties of the anti-reflection film 10 can be further improved.

<Description of modification including anisotropic diffusion layer 18>
Next, modified examples of the antireflection film 10 will be described. The layer structure of the antireflection film 10 is not limited to that shown in FIG. 2.
FIGS. 4(a) to 4(b) are diagrams showing modified examples of the antireflection film 10. In FIGS. 4(a) to 4(b), the same reference numerals are used for the same components as in FIG. 2, and detailed description thereof will be omitted here.
The antireflection film 10 shown in FIGS. 4(a) and 4(b) includes an anisotropic diffusion layer 18 in addition to a base material 15 (base materials 15a, 15b), an anti-glare layer 16, and a low refractive index layer 17. This is different from the antireflection film 10 shown in FIG. 2 in this point.

In the antireflection film 10 shown in FIG. 4A, a base material 15, an anisotropic diffusion layer 18, an anti-glare layer 16, and a low refractive index layer 17 are laminated in this order.
Further, in the antireflection film 10 shown in FIG. 4(b), a base material 15a, an anisotropic diffusion layer 18, a base material 15b, an anti-glare layer 16, and a low refractive index layer 17 are laminated in this order. In addition, in the example shown in FIG. 4(b), the anisotropic diffusion layer 18 has adhesive properties, and the base material 15a and the base material 15b are bonded together with the anisotropic diffusion layer 18 interposed therebetween.

The anisotropic diffusion layer 18 is a layer that anisotropically diffuses light. Here, "anisotropic diffusion" is a property of having strong light diffusivity in a specific direction. The "anisotropic diffusion layer" is a diffusion layer that has strong light diffusivity in a specific direction. When a member having an anisotropic diffusion layer is irradiated with isotropic light (circular light) such as a laser beam, the transmitted light has a linear or elliptical shape.

The anisotropic diffusion layer 18 includes at least a resin portion 181 and anisotropic particles 182.
The resin portion 181 is made of resin in which anisotropic particles 182 are dispersed. Therefore, the resin portion 181 can also be said to be a dispersion layer that fixes the anisotropic particles 182 so that the long axis direction is aligned in one direction.
The anisotropic particles 182 have an anisotropic shape and are arranged in the resin part 181 so that their long axis direction is along one direction. In this case, as shown in FIGS. 4(a) and 4(b), the anisotropic particles 182 are arranged with their major axes along the in-plane direction of the anisotropic diffusion layer 18.

The resin portion 181 is made of resin as described above. It is preferable that the refractive index of the resin portion 181 is 1.45 or more and 1.65 or less. The SCE (Specular Component Exclude), which is the reflectance of the anisotropic diffusion layer 18 excluding the specularly reflected light component, is preferably 1.0% or less. By setting the refractive index of the resin portion 181 within this range, the SCE tends to be 1.0% or less. On the other hand, outside this range, the SCE tends to exceed 1.0%.

As the resin constituting the resin portion 181, for example, (meth)acrylic resin, polyethylene resin, or polypropylene resin can be used. Further, for example, polystyrene resin, polyurethane resin, polycarbonate resin, polyester resin, and silicone resin can be used.
Note that when the anisotropic diffusion layer 18 has adhesiveness as in the example shown in FIG. 4(b), a resin having adhesiveness may be selected as the resin constituting the resin portion 181.

The anisotropic particles 182 have an anisotropic shape, and in this embodiment, have an ellipsoidal shape. Due to this shape, the anisotropic particles 182 have different refractive indexes in the major axis direction and in the minor axis direction. As a result, the anisotropic diffusion layer 18 exhibits anisotropic diffusivity. Further, the refractive index of the anisotropic particles 182 and the refractive index of the resin portion 181 are different. Note that the shape of the anisotropic particles 182 is not particularly limited as long as it is an anisotropic shape. For example, the shape may be a spindle shape, a needle shape, a fibrous shape, a cylindrical shape, a disk shape, or the like.

Here, the refractive index of the anisotropic particle 182 in the major axis direction is _nax , the refractive index in the minor axis direction is _nay , and the refractive index of the resin portion 181 is _nb . When the anisotropic diffusion direction by the anisotropic particles 182 is in the minor axis direction, the difference between the refractive index n _ax of the anisotropic particles 182 in the major axis direction and the refractive index n _b of the resin portion 181 is preferably smaller. . Further, when the anisotropic diffusion direction by the anisotropic particles 182 is in the major axis direction, the difference between the refractive index n _ay of the anisotropic particles 182 in the minor axis direction and the refractive index n _b of the resin portion 181 is smaller. is preferred. That is, it is preferable that the difference between the refractive index _nax , _nay of the anisotropic particles 182 and the refractive index _nb of the resin portion 181 in the direction perpendicular to the anisotropic diffusion direction be small.
More specifically, it is preferable that at least one of the following relationships (I) and (II) holds true. By setting the refractive index of the anisotropic particles 182 and the resin portion 181 within the following range, backscattering in the direction perpendicular to the anisotropic diffusion direction is suppressed. Then, it becomes possible to lower the SCE of the anisotropic diffusion layer 18.

(I) |n _b -n _ax |<0.04 and 0.04<|n _b -n _ay |<0.50
(II) |n _b -n _ay |<0.04 and 0.04<|n _b -n _ax |<0.50

Further, in order to make the SCE of the anisotropic diffusion layer 18 1.0% or less, it is preferable that the length and aspect ratio of the anisotropic diffusion layer 18 are within the following ranges. Outside this range, the SCE tends to exceed 1.0%.
That is, the anisotropic particles 182 preferably have a length in the major axis direction of 0.5 μm or more and 500 μm or less. Further, it is more preferable that the length of the anisotropic particles 182 in the major axis direction is 1 μm or more and 200 μm or less.
The length of the anisotropic particles 182 in the minor axis direction is preferably 0.05 μm or more and 30 μm or less. Furthermore, it is more preferable that the length of the anisotropic particles 182 in the minor axis direction is 0.1 μm or more and 10 μm or less.
By making the anisotropic particles 182 such a size, while ensuring good anisotropic diffusivity, backscattering at the interface between the anisotropic particles 182 and the resin part 181 is suppressed, and anisotropic diffusion is improved. It becomes easier to reduce the SCE of the layer.

Furthermore, it is preferable that the aspect ratio, which is the ratio of the length in the major axis direction and the length in the minor axis direction, of the anisotropic particles 182 is 10 or more. Moreover, it is more preferable that the aspect ratio is 20 or more. By setting the aspect ratio of the anisotropic particles 182 within this range, it becomes easier to ensure anisotropic diffusivity that can improve the viewing angle characteristics of the display.

Further, from the same viewpoint, it is preferable that the interface between the anisotropic particles 182 and the resin portion 181 be compatible with each other. As a result, the refractive index at the interface between the two changes continuously, making it possible to reduce backscattering. Then, it becomes easier to further reduce the SCE. In this case, the boundary between the anisotropic particles 182 and the resin portion 181 is ambiguous because they are compatible with each other. However, even in this case, it is clear that the anisotropic particles 182 exist as particles in the resin portion 181. As a method for making the interface compatibilizing, a method of blending a compatibilizing agent can be mentioned. The fact that the interfaces are compatible can be confirmed by scanning a cross section of the anisotropic diffusion layer 18 using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

The anisotropic particles 182 include, for example, at least one of a metal oxide, a carbonate compound, a hydroxide compound, and a phosphate compound. Examples of metal oxides include silica, titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, and zinc oxide. Furthermore, the anisotropic particles 182 are, for example, compounds such as calcium carbonate, silicon carbide, nitrogen carbonate, and basic magnesium sulfate. Further, the anisotropic particles 182 are made of glass fiber, (meth)acrylic resin, polystyrene resin, melamine resin, or the like.

The anisotropic diffusion layer 18 preferably has a haze value of 20% or more and 80% or less. Moreover, it is more preferable that the haze value is 30% or more and 65% or less. This makes it possible to ensure sharp image quality with less glare when the anisotropic diffusion layer 18 is mounted on a display.

Note that the anisotropic diffusivity of the anisotropic diffusion layer 18 can be measured with a variable angle photometer (goniophotometer). The transmitted light when a light beam is irradiated onto the anisotropic diffusion layer 18 at an incident angle of 0° (vertical direction) is acquired while changing the light receiving angle. Accordingly, the intensity distribution state of the transmitted scattered light is measured. By acquiring this in the anisotropic diffusion direction and in a direction perpendicular to the anisotropic diffusion direction, it becomes possible to quantitatively evaluate the anisotropic diffusivity. In this embodiment, anisotropic diffusivity is evaluated by anisotropic diffusivity (ADV). The anisotropic diffusivity can be calculated using the following formula. The anisotropic diffusion layer 18 preferably has an anisotropic diffusion degree (ADV) of 3 or more. Moreover, it is more preferable that ADV is 15 or more, and it is still more preferable that it is 25 or more.

ADV = (Amount of transmitted light at 5 degrees in the anisotropic diffusion direction measured by a variable angle photometer) / (Amount of transmitted light at 5 degrees perpendicular to the anisotropic diffusion direction measured by a variable angle photometer)

Here, the anisotropic diffusion layer 18 is limited to a form having a resin part 181 and anisotropic particles 182 as shown in FIGS. 4(a) and 4(b) as long as it can anisotropically diffuse light. Not done.
FIGS. 5A and 5B are diagrams illustrating other forms of the anisotropic diffusion layer 18.
The anisotropic diffusion layer 18 shown in FIG. 5A includes a core layer 183 containing pores 183a and a skin layer 184 for protecting the core layer 183. The pores 183a in the core layer 183 are crazes having a substantially linear shape, and are formed by craze processing or the like. In this anisotropic diffusion layer 18, incident light is anisotropically diffused at the interface between the resin constituting the core layer 183 and the holes 183a, contributing to expanding the viewing angle of the antireflection film 10. Specific examples of such an anisotropic diffusion layer 18 include Examples 1 to 5 of International Publication No. 2019/156003.

Further, the anisotropic diffusion layer 18 shown in FIG. 5(b) has an uneven interface 185 within the layer. The interface 185 is formed of resins having different refractive indexes, for example. In such an anisotropic diffusion layer 18, incident light is anisotropically diffused at the interface 185, contributing to expanding the viewing angle of the antireflection film 10. A specific example of such an anisotropic diffusion layer 18 is an example described in JP-A No. 2020-16881.

<Description of modification including high refractive index layer 19>
Next, other modifications of the antireflection film 10 will be described.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing another modification of the antireflection film 10. Note that in FIG. 6, the same components as in FIG. 2 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted here.
In the antireflection film 10 shown in FIG. 6, a base material 15, an antiglare layer 16, a high refractive index layer 19, and a low refractive index layer 17 are laminated in this order. In addition, the antireflection film 10 shown in FIG. 6 differs from the antireflection film 10 shown in FIG. 2 in that it includes a high refractive index layer 19.

The high refractive index layer 19 is a layer for further reducing the reflectance of the liquid crystal panel 1a.
The high refractive index layer 19 is provided below the low refractive index layer 17, specifically between the flat portion 16a of the anti-glare layer 16 and the low refractive index layer 17.
High refractive index layer 19 includes a binder and high refractive index particles. The high refractive index layer 19 can be formed, for example, from a coating solution containing a binder and high refractive index particles. The high refractive index layer 19 may be formed as a single layer or as a multilayer, but from the viewpoint of manufacturing cost, it is preferable to form the layer with as few layers as possible.

In order to further reduce the reflectance of the liquid crystal panel 1a, it is preferable to increase the refractive index of the high refractive index layer 19. The refractive index of the high refractive index layer 19 is preferably 1.55 or more and 1.80 or less, more preferably 1.60 or more and 1.75 or less.
Further, the upper limit of the thickness of the high refractive index layer 19 is preferably 500 nm or less. Further, the thickness is more preferably 350 nm or less, and even more preferably 200 nm or less. The lower limit of the thickness of the high refractive index layer 19 is preferably 50 nm or more. Further, the thickness is more preferably 80 nm or more, and even more preferably 100 nm or more.

Examples of high refractive index particles include zirconium oxide, hafnium oxide, tantalum oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, tin oxide, yttrium oxide, barium titanate, antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO), and phosphorus-doped tin oxide ( PTO), indium-doped tin oxide (ITO), and zinc sulfide. From the viewpoint of durability and stability, zirconium oxide, barium titanate, antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO), phosphorous-doped tin oxide (PTO), and indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) are particularly preferred.

The average particle diameter (average primary particle diameter) of the primary particles of the high refractive index particles is preferably 1 nm or more and 200 nm or less. Further, the thickness is more preferably 3 nm or more and 100 nm or less, and even more preferably 5 nm or more and 50 nm or less.
The average primary particle diameter of high refractive index particles can be measured by observing an image of a dry film of a particle dispersion using a SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope), or STEM (Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope). It is.

The high refractive index particles are preferably subjected to dispersion stabilization treatment from the viewpoint of suppressing agglomeration. Examples of means for stabilizing dispersion include using surface-treated particles and adding a dispersant. Another method is to add another particle having a smaller amount of surface charge than the high refractive index particles.

The content of the high refractive index particles is preferably 20 parts by mass or more and 500 parts by mass or less based on 100 parts by mass of the binder. Further, it is more preferably 50 parts by mass or more and 400 parts by mass or less, and even more preferably 100 parts by mass or more and 300 parts by mass or less.

However, in order to reduce the content of high refractive index particles, the refractive index of the binder is preferably about 1.50 or more and 1.70 or less.
The high refractive index layer 19 may contain other components as necessary in addition to the binder and the high refractive index particles. For example, it may contain additives such as a polymerization initiator, ultraviolet absorber, leveling agent, surfactant, and a diluting solvent. By adding a leveling agent, a surfactant, etc., the surface condition of the high refractive index layer 19 can be controlled, and as a result, the performance of the upper layer can be improved. In this case, the upper layer is, for example, the low refractive index layer 17.

Although not shown, the high refractive index layer 19 shown in FIG. 6 is a reflective layer having the anisotropic diffusion layer 18 shown in FIGS. It may be applied to the prevention film 10. In addition, the antireflection film 10 having the anisotropic diffusion layer 18 shown in FIGS. A high refractive index layer 19 may be further provided between the high refractive index layer 17 and the high refractive index layer 17 .

<Explanation about polarizing plate>
Further, the anti-glare layer 16 and the low refractive index layer 17 of this embodiment can be used as a surface film of a polarizing plate.
FIGS. 7(a) to 7(b) are diagrams showing configuration examples of polarizing plates to which this embodiment is applied. Note that in FIGS. 7A and 7B, the same components as in FIG. 2 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed explanations are omitted here.
In the polarizing plate shown in FIG. 7(a), a base material 15a, an adhesive layer 21a, and a polarizing film 12 are laminated in this order. Furthermore, an adhesive layer 21b, a base material 15b, an anti-glare layer 16, and a low refractive index layer 17 are laminated thereon. In this case, the base material 15 and the adhesive layer 21 are each formed in two layers, but they may be made of the same material or may be made of different materials.
In this case, the polarizing film 12 is bonded onto the base material 15a using the adhesive layer 21a. Then, a resin film consisting of a base material 15b and a low refractive index layer 17 is bonded thereon using an adhesive layer 21b. The adhesive layers 21a and 21b are, for example, layers made of UV (ultraviolet) adhesive. Further, the adhesive layers 21a and 21b may be PSA (Pressure Sensitive Adhesive). Furthermore, the adhesive layers 21a and 21b may be OCA (Optical Clear Adhesive). Furthermore, the adhesive layers 21a and 21b may be OCR (Optical Clear Resin). Among these, UV adhesive can be suitably used.

Moreover, the polarizing plate shown in FIG. 7(b) has a base material 15a, an adhesive layer 21a, and a polarizing film 12 laminated. Then, the adhesive layer 21b and the base material 15c are laminated thereon. Furthermore, the adhesive layer 21c, the base material 15b, and the low refractive index layer 17 are laminated thereon. That is, the polarizing plate shown in FIG. 7(b) is different from the polarizing plate shown in FIG. 7(a) in that a base material 15c and an adhesive layer 21c are added. In this case, for example, the adhesive layers 21a and 21b can be made of UV adhesive, and the adhesive layer 21c can be made of PSA.

Although not shown in the drawings, when applying the anti-glare layer 16 and the low refractive index layer 17 to a polarizing plate, the above-mentioned anisotropic diffusion layer 18 (FIGS. 4(a) to 4(b), FIG. 5(a) to (b)) or a high refractive index layer 19 (see FIG. 6) may be further added.

<Description of how to create the antireflection film 10>
Next, a method for creating the antireflection film 10 will be described. Here, a method for producing an antireflection film 10 having a layered structure as shown in FIG. 2 will be described as an example. FIG. 8(a) is a flowchart showing an example of a method for creating the antireflection film 10, and FIG. 8(b) is a flowchart showing a method for creating the antiglare layer 16 and the low refractive index layer 17 in the antireflection film 10. It is a flowchart.

First, the anti-glare layer 16 is created on the base material 15 (step 101: anti-glare layer creation step). For example, the anti-glare layer 16 is created by coating the base material 15 with a coating solution that will become the base of the anti-glare layer 16 .
Next, a low refractive index layer 17 is created on the anti-glare layer 16 (step 102: low refractive index layer creation step). For example, the low refractive index layer 17 is created by applying a coating solution that will become the base of the low refractive index layer 17 on the anti-glare layer 16 . In this example, the low refractive index layer 17 is created on the flat portion 16a of the anti-glare layer 16.

Each of the anti-glare layer 16 and the low refractive index layer 17 can be created as follows using a wet coating method.
First, a coating solution for forming each layer is prepared (step 201: preparation process). Here, "preparation" includes not only preparation by creating a coating solution but also preparation by purchasing a coating solution.

The coating solution consists of solids and a solvent.
When creating the anti-glare layer 16, the solid content includes monomers, oligomers, and polymers that are the basis of the binder 161. The solid content includes scattering particles 162. The monomer and/or oligomer becomes a resin contained in the binder 161 by polymerizing. In this embodiment, polymerization is photopolymerization, thermal polymerization, or the like. Hereinafter, this monomer and/or oligomer may be referred to as a "binder component".
When creating the low refractive index layer 17, the solid content includes a binder component that is the base of the binder 171. The solid content also includes hollow silica particles 172 and a surface modifier.
Moreover, a polymerization initiator is included as a solid content of each layer. Further, the solid content may include additives such as a dispersant, an antifoaming agent, an ultraviolet absorber, and a leveling agent.
Then, each solid content is added to a solvent and stirred to create a coating solution for each layer.

The solvent disperses the solids. As the solvent, for example, methylene chloride, toluene, xylene, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, and acetone can be used. Further, MEK (methyl ethyl ketone), MIBK (methyl isobutyl ketone), ethanol, methanol, and normal propyl alcohol can be used. Furthermore, isopropyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol, 1-butanol, mineral spirits, oleic acid, cyclohexanone can be used. Furthermore, NMP (N-methylpyrrolidone), DMP (dimethyl phthalate), dimethyl carbonate, and dioxolane can be used.
The solid content concentration of the coating solution can be, for example, 2% by mass or more and 80% by mass or less.
The coating solution for the anti-glare layer 16 has a solid content concentration such that the area ratio between the flat portion 16a and the protruding portion 16b in the anti-glare layer 16 is within a desired range, depending on the average particle diameter and blending amount of the scattering particles 162. Set.
Further, the coating solution for the low refractive index layer 17 preferably has a lower solid content concentration than the anti-glare layer 16 so as to ensure film thickness uniformity during coating.

Next, a coating solution is applied (coating) to create a coating film (step 202: coating process). The coating method is not particularly limited, but it can be applied by a die method or a microgravure method. Alternatively, a method may be adopted in which a coating solution is dropped, rotated, and centrifugal force is applied to create a film-like body with a uniform thickness. The coating solution may be applied in a heated state.

Specifically, a coating solution for the anti-glare layer 16 is applied (coated) onto the base material 15 to create a coating film that will become the base of the anti-glare layer 16.
Further, a coating solution for the low refractive index layer 17 is applied (coated) on the anti-glare layer 16 to create a coating film that will become the base of the low refractive index layer 17. Here, in the anti-glare layer 16, a protruding part 16b from which the scattering particles 162 protrude is formed in a part of the area, and a part other than the protruding part 16b is a flat part 16a with a flat surface. This makes it possible to uniformly apply the coating solution for the low refractive index layer 17 to the flat portion 16a of the anti-glare layer 16.

Subsequently, the applied coating film is dried (step 203: drying process). Drying can be carried out by leaving it at room temperature to evaporate the solvent, or by forcibly removing the solvent by heating or vacuuming.

Subsequently, the coating film is irradiated with energy such as ultraviolet rays or heat to photopolymerize the binder component in the coating film (step 204: photopolymerization step). As a result, the binder component in the coating film is cured and becomes the binder 161 of the anti-glare layer 16 and the binder 171 of the low refractive index layer 17.
Through the above steps, each layer of the anti-glare layer 16 and the low refractive index layer 17 can be created. Note that the drying step and the photopolymerization step can be regarded as a curing step for curing the applied coating solution.

As explained above, in the anti-reflection film 10 of the present embodiment, the anti-glare layer 16 has a flat portion 16a having a flat surface shape and a portion of the scattering particles 162 protruding from the surface of the flat portion 16a. It has a protrusion 16b formed therein. Further, irregularities 163 originating from the scattering particles 162 are formed on the protruding portion 16b.
With such a configuration, the anti-glare properties of the anti-reflection film 10 can be enhanced due to the action of the anti-glare layer 16. Furthermore, it is possible to suppress the deterioration in the coating properties of the low refractive index layer 17 on the anti-glare layer 16, and increase the sharpness of the image displayed on the liquid crystal panel 1a due to the action of the low refractive index layer 17.

In the example described above, the protruding portion 16b of the anti-glare layer 16 is formed by a portion of the scattering particles 162 protruding from the surface of the binder 161, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, if the anti-glare layer 16 does not include the scattering particles 162, the binder 161 may include a flat portion 16a and a protruding portion 16b that protrudes from the flat portion 16a and has an uneven surface. In this case, the anti-glare layer 16 has a ratio of the area of the flat part 16a to the area of the protruding part 16b (area of the flat part 16a/area of the protruding part 16b) of 2.0 or more and 30 or less, and It is sufficient that the surface roughness at the flat portion 16a is greater than that at the flat portion 16a.
Such an anti-glare layer 16 can be created, for example, by processing the resin constituting the binder 161 using an imprint technique using a mold having portions corresponding to the flat portions 16a and the protruding portions 16b.

Further, in the above-described example, the anti-reflection film 10 had a layered structure in which the anti-glare layer 16 and the low refractive index layer 17 were laminated on the base material 15; It does not have to have.
Furthermore, in the above-described example, the display device 1 shows the case where the anti-glare layer 16 and the low refractive index layer 17 are formed on the liquid crystal panel 1a. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and may be formed in, for example, an organic EL or a cathode ray tube.
Further, these layers may be formed on the surface of a lens made of a material such as glass or plastic. In this case, a lens or the like is an example of the base material. Further, a lens and the like on which the anti-glare layer 16 and the low refractive index layer 17 are formed are examples of optical members.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in more detail using Examples. The present invention is not limited to these Examples unless they go beyond the gist thereof.

[Creation of anti-glare layer 16]
First, a method for creating the anti-glare layer 16 will be explained. Here, coating solutions A-1 to A-21, which are the basis of the anti-glare layer 16, were prepared with the compositions shown in Tables 1 to 3.

(Coating solution A-1)
The coating solution A-1 contains a binder component that is the base of the binder 161 and scattering particles 162. Further, coating solution A-1 contains a photopolymerization initiator, a surface modifier, an antifoaming agent, and a solvent.
As binder components, UA-306H manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd. and KAYARAD PET-30 manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd. were used. In addition, as the scattering particles 162, Techpolymer MBP series manufactured by Sekisui Plastics Co., Ltd. (PMMA particles having irregularities on the surface. Average particle diameter: 4 μm, refractive index: 1.49, specific surface area: 110 m ² /g) was used. used. Furthermore, Irgacure 184 manufactured by BASF Japan Co., Ltd. was used as a photopolymerization initiator. Furthermore, Megafac F-556 manufactured by DIC Corporation was used as a leveling agent. Furthermore, BYK-066N manufactured by ALTANA was used as an antifoaming agent. These are the solid contents of coating solution A-1, and the blending ratio (mass blending ratio) is as shown in Table 1.
Then, these solid contents were added to a mixed solution of toluene and isopropyl alcohol as a solvent, and stirred for 5 minutes using a homogenizer to obtain a coating solution A-1. At this time, the solid content concentration of the resulting coating solution A-1 was set to 50% by mass. The blending ratio of the solvents is as shown in Table 1.

(Coating solution A-2)
Coating solution A except that POMP605 manufactured by Ube Industries, Ltd. (nylon particles with uneven surfaces; average particle diameter: 5 μm, refractive index: 1.54, specific surface area: 230 m ² /g) was used as the scattering particles 162. Coating solution A-2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-1.
The blending ratio of solid content and solvent in coating solution A-2 is as shown in Table 1.

(Coating solution A-3)
As the scattering particles 162, MR-7GCP manufactured by Soken Kagaku Co., Ltd. (PMMA particles with irregularities on the surface. Average particle diameter: 7 μm, refractive index: 1.49, specific surface area: 210 m ² /g) was used. Coating solution A-3 was obtained in the same manner as solution A-1.
The blending ratio of solid content and solvent in coating solution A-3 is as shown in Table 1.

(Coating solution A-4)
As the scattering particles 162, Sunlovely (silica particles with uneven surface, average particle diameter: 5 μm, refractive index: 1.45, specific surface area: 100 m ² /g) manufactured by AGC SI Tech Co., Ltd. was used. A coating solution A-4 was obtained in the same manner as solution A-1.
The blending ratio of solid content and solvent in coating solution A-4 is as shown in Table 1.

(Coating solution A-5)
A coating solution A-5 was obtained in the same manner as the coating solution A-1 except that the blending ratio of the Techpolymer MBP series manufactured by Sekisui Plastics Co., Ltd. used as the scattering particles 162 was changed.
The blending ratio of solid content and solvent in coating solution A-5 is as shown in Table 1.

(Coating solution A-6)
Coating solution A-1 was used except that the blending ratio of the Techpolymer MBP series manufactured by Sekisui Plastics Co., Ltd. used as scattering particles 162 was changed, and Ftergent FTX-218 manufactured by Neos Co., Ltd. was used as a leveling agent. In the same manner, coating solution A-6 was obtained.
The blending ratio of solid content and solvent in coating solution A-6 is as shown in Table 1.

(Coating solution A-7)
As binder components, UA-306I manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd. and KAYARAD PET-30 manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd. were used, and as a surface modifier, Ftergent FTX-218 manufactured by Neos Co., Ltd. was used. A coating solution A-7 was obtained in the same manner as coating solution A-1 except that a mixture of toluene and methyl isobutyl ketone was used as the solvent.
The blending ratio of solid content and solvent in coating solution A-7 is as shown in Table 1.

(Coating solution A-8)
As binder components, in addition to UA-306H manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd. and KAYARAD PET-30 manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., OGSOL EA-0200 manufactured by Osaka Gas Chemical Co., Ltd. was used, and an antifoaming agent was used. Coating solution A-8 was obtained in the same manner as coating solution A-1 except that there was no coating solution.
The blending ratio of solid content and solvent in coating solution A-8 is as shown in Table 2.

(Coating solution A-9)
The coating solution was prepared in the same manner as coating solution A-1, except that Ftergent FTX-218 manufactured by NEOS Co., Ltd. was used as a leveling agent, and organosilica sol PGM-AC-2140Y manufactured by Nissan Chemical Co., Ltd. was added. A-9 was obtained.
The blending ratio of solid content and solvent in coating solution A-9 is as shown in Table 2.

(Coating solution A-10)
As scattering particles 162, Techpolymer MBP series manufactured by Sekisui Plastics Co., Ltd. and MR-7GCP manufactured by Soken Chemical Co., Ltd. were used, and as a leveling agent, Ftergent FTX-218 manufactured by Neos Co., Ltd. was used. Coating solution A-10 was obtained in the same manner as coating solution A-1 except for that.
The blending ratio of solid content and solvent in coating solution A-10 is as shown in Table 2.

(Coating solution A-11)
As the scattering particles 162, MX-500 manufactured by Soken Kagaku Co., Ltd. (true spherical PMMA particles with a smooth surface. Average particle diameter: 5 μm, refractive index: 1.49, specific surface area: 0.6 m ² /g) is used. Coating solution A-11 was obtained in the same manner as coating solution A-1 except for the following steps.
The blending ratio of solid content and solvent in coating solution A-11 is as shown in Table 2.

(Coating solution A-12)
Coating solution A-12 was obtained in the same manner as coating solution A-11 except that the blending ratio of MX-500 manufactured by Soken Kagaku Co., Ltd. used as scattering particles 162 was changed.
The blending ratio of solid content and solvent in coating solution A-12 is as shown in Table 2.

(Coating solution A-13)
Coating solution A-13 was obtained in the same manner as coating solution A-1 except that scattering particles 162 were not used.
The blending ratio of solid content and solvent in coating solution A-13 is as shown in Table 2.

(Coating solution A-14)
Except that ART PEARL TE-812T (porous acrylic/urethane particles, average particle diameter: 6 μm, refractive index: 1.52, specific surface area: 55 m ² /g) manufactured by Negami Kogyo Co., Ltd. was used as the scattering particles 162. Coating solution A-14 was obtained in the same manner as coating solution A-1.
The blending ratio of solid content and solvent in coating solution A-14 is as shown in Table 3.

(Coating solution A-15)
As the binder components, UA-306I manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd. and KAYARAD PET-30 manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd. were used, and as the scattering particles 162, NH-RAS06 manufactured by Nikko Rica Co., Ltd. (with irregularities on the surface) was used. Silicone/alumina particles (average particle size: 6 μm, refractive index: 1.43 to 1.50, specific surface area: 70 m ² /g) were used, and a mixed solution of 1-methoxy-2-propanol and cyclohexanone was used as a solvent. Coating solution A-15 was obtained in the same manner as coating solution A-1 except that .
The blending ratio of solid content and solvent in coating solution A-15 is as shown in Table 3.

(Coating solution A-16)
As the scattering particles 162, Silcrusta MKN03 manufactured by Nikko Rica Co., Ltd. (silicone/PMMA particles with uneven surfaces. Average particle diameter: 3 μm, refractive index: 1.43 to 1.50, specific surface area: 90 m ² /g) was used. Coating solution A-16 was obtained in the same manner as coating solution A-1 except that a mixed solution of 1-methoxy-2-propanol and cyclohexanone was used as the solvent.
The blending ratio of solid content and solvent in coating solution A-16 is as shown in Table 3.

(Coating solution A-17)
NH-RAS06 manufactured by Nikko Rica Co., Ltd. and Silcrusta MKN03 manufactured by Nikko Rica Co., Ltd. were used as the scattering particles 162, and a mixed solution of methyl isobutyl ketone, 1-methoxy-2-propanol and cyclohexanone was used as the solvent. Coating solution A-17 was obtained in the same manner as coating solution A-1.
The blending ratio of solid content and solvent in coating solution A-17 is as shown in Table 3.

(Coating solution A-18)
As the scattering particles 162, Silcrush A3500 manufactured by Nikko Rica Co., Ltd. (silicone particles having irregularities on the surface. Average particle diameter: 3.7 μm, refractive index: 1.42, specific surface area: 50 m ² /g) was used, and the solvent Coating solution A-17 was obtained in the same manner as coating solution A-1, except that a mixed solution of methyl isobutyl ketone, 1-methoxy-2-propanol and cyclohexanone was used, and no antifoaming agent was used. .
The blending ratio of solid content and solvent in coating solution A-18 is as shown in Table 3.

(Coating solution A-19)
Silcrusta MKN03 manufactured by Nikko Rica Co., Ltd. was used as the scattering particles 162, organosilica sol PGM-AC-2140Y manufactured by Nissan Chemical Co., Ltd. was added, and methyl isobutyl ketone, 1-methoxy-2-propanol and cyclohexanone were used as the solvent. Coating solution A-19 was obtained in the same manner as coating solution A-1 except that the mixed solution was used.
The blending ratio of solid content and solvent in coating solution A-19 is as shown in Table 3.

(Coating solution A-20)
As the scattering particles 162, ART PEARL TE-812T manufactured by Negami Kogyo Co., Ltd. was used, and as other particles other than the scattering particles 162, SX-130H manufactured by Soken Chemical Co., Ltd. (monodisperse polystyrene particles, average particle diameter: 1. Coating solution A-20 was obtained in the same manner as coating solution A-1, except that a mixed solution of methyl isobutyl ketone and 1-methoxy-2-propanol was used as the solvent.
The blending ratio of solid content and solvent in coating solution A-20 is as shown in Table 3.

(Coating solution A-21)
As the binder component, only UA-306H manufactured by Kyoeisha Kagaku Co., Ltd. was used, as the scattering particles 162, Silcrusta MKN03 manufactured by Nikko Rica Co., Ltd. was used, and as other particles other than the scattering particles 162, SX manufactured by Soken Chemical Co., Ltd. Coating solution A-21 was obtained in the same manner as coating solution A-1 except that -130H was used.
The blending ratio of solid content and solvent in coating solution A-21 is as shown in Table 3.

[Creation of low refractive index layer 17]
Next, a method for creating the low refractive index layer 17 will be explained. Here, coating solutions B-1 and B-2, which are the basis of the low refractive index layer 17, were prepared with the compositions shown in Table 4.

(Coating solution B-1)
The coating solution B-1 contains a binder component that is the base of the binder 171 and hollow silica particles 172. Further, coating solution B-1 contains solid silica particles. Furthermore, coating solution B-1 contains a photopolymerization initiator, a surface modifier, an antifoaming agent, and a solvent.
As binder components, AR-100 manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd. and KAYARAD PET-30 manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd. were used. Moreover, as the hollow silica particles 172, those having an average particle diameter of 75 nm were used. Furthermore, solid silica particles having an average particle diameter of 10 nm were used. Furthermore, Irgacure 184 manufactured by BASF Japan Co., Ltd. was used as a photopolymerization initiator. Further, as surface modifiers, KY-1203 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., Megafac RS-58 manufactured by DIC Corporation, and Ftergent 650A manufactured by Neos Corporation were used. Furthermore, BYK-066N manufactured by ALTANA was used as an antifoaming agent. These are the solid contents of coating solution B-1, and the blending ratio is as shown in Table 4.
Then, these solid contents were added to a mixed solution of methyl isobutyl ketone and n-butyl alcohol as a solvent, and stirred for 5 minutes to obtain a coating solution B-1. At this time, the solid content concentration of the resulting coating solution B-1 was set to 2.5% by mass. The blending ratio of the solvents is as shown in Table 3.

(Coating solution B-2)
As binder components, KAYARAD PET-30 manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd. and NK Ester A-200 manufactured by Shin Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd. were used, and hollow silica particles 172 with an average particle diameter of 60 nm were used. Irgacure 127 manufactured by BASF Japan Co., Ltd. was used as a photopolymerization initiator, KY-1203 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. and Megafac RS-90 manufactured by DIC Corporation were used as surface modifiers, and the solvent Coating solution B-2 was obtained in the same manner as coating solution B-1 except that a mixed solution of methyl isobutyl ketone and tert-butyl alcohol was used.
The solid content concentration and solvent blending ratio in coating solution B-2 are as shown in Table 4.

[Creation of high refractive index layer 19]
Next, a method for creating the high refractive index layer 19 will be explained. Here, a coating solution C-1, which is the basis of the high refractive index layer 19, was prepared with the composition shown in Table 5.

(Coating solution C-1)
The coating solution C-1 contains a binder component serving as a base of the binder and high refractive index particles. Furthermore, the coating solution C-1 contains a photopolymerization initiator, a surface modifier, and a solvent.
As the binder component, KAYARAD DPHA manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd. was used. Further, as the high refractive index particles, oxidized zirconia nanoparticles (average particle diameter: 10 nm) were used. Furthermore, Irgacure 184 manufactured by BASF Japan Co., Ltd. was used as a photopolymerization initiator. These are the solid contents of coating solution C-1, and the blending ratio is as shown in Table 5.
Then, these solid contents were added to methyl isobutyl ketone as a solvent and stirred for 5 minutes to obtain a coating solution. At this time, the solid content concentration of the resulting coating solution C-1 was set to 8% by mass.

[Creation of anti-reflection film 10]
Subsequently, an antireflection film 10 was created using each of the obtained coating solutions.
(Example 1)
Coating solution A-1 was applied onto a base material 15 made of PET (Cosmoshine SRF manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., thickness 80 μm) using a wire bar. Subsequently, after heating and drying at 90° C. for 2 minutes, coating solution A-1 was cured by irradiating ultraviolet rays at an illuminance of 100 mW/cm ² for 3 seconds using a high-pressure mercury lamp. As a result, an anti-glare layer 16 having a thickness of 3.3 μm was formed on the base material 15.

Subsequently, coating solution B-1 was applied onto the obtained anti-glare layer 16 using a wire bar. Subsequently, after heating and drying at 50°C for 3 minutes, the coating solution was irradiated with ultraviolet rays at an illuminance of 100 mW/cm ² for 3 seconds using a high-pressure mercury lamp in a nitrogen gas environment (oxygen concentration less than 0.1%). B-1 was cured. As a result, a 98 nm thick low refractive index layer 17 was formed on the anti-glare layer 16.
Through the above steps, an antireflection film 10 was obtained in which the base material 15, the anti-glare layer 16, and the low refractive index layer 17 were laminated in this order.

(Example 2)
An anti-glare layer 16 and a low refractive index layer 17 were formed on a base material 15 in the same manner as in Example 1, except that coating solution A-2 was used to create the anti-glare layer 16, to obtain an anti-reflection film 10.
In the obtained antireflection film 10, the thickness of the antiglare layer 16 was 3.8 μm, and the thickness of the low refractive index layer 17 was 98 nm.

(Example 3)
An anti-glare layer 16 and a low refractive index layer 17 were formed on a base material 15 in the same manner as in Example 1, except that coating solution A-3 was used to create the anti-glare layer 16, and an anti-reflection film 10 was obtained.
In the obtained antireflection film 10, the thickness of the antiglare layer 16 was 4.6 μm, and the thickness of the low refractive index layer 17 was 98 nm.

(Example 4)
An anti-glare layer 16 and a low refractive index layer 17 were formed on a base material 15 in the same manner as in Example 1, except that coating solution A-4 was used to create the anti-glare layer 16, to obtain an anti-reflection film 10.
In the obtained antireflection film 10, the thickness of the antiglare layer 16 was 4.6 μm, and the thickness of the low refractive index layer 17 was 98 nm.

(Example 5)
An anti-glare layer 16 and a low refractive index layer 17 were formed on a base material 15 in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thickness of the anti-glare layer 16 was changed, and an anti-reflection film 10 was obtained.
In the obtained antireflection film 10, the thickness of the antiglare layer 16 was 2.7 μm, and the thickness of the low refractive index layer 17 was 98 nm.

(Example 6)
An anti-glare layer 16 and a low refractive index layer 17 were formed on a base material 15 in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thickness of the anti-glare layer 16 was changed, and an anti-reflection film 10 was obtained.
In the obtained antireflection film 10, the thickness of the antiglare layer 16 was 4.2 μm, and the thickness of the low refractive index layer 17 was 98 nm.

(Example 7)
An anti-glare layer 16 and a low refractive index layer 17 were formed on a base material 15 in the same manner as in Example 1, except that coating solution A-5 was used to create the anti-glare layer 16, to obtain an anti-reflection film 10.
In the obtained antireflection film 10, the thickness of the antiglare layer 16 was 5.0 μm, and the thickness of the low refractive index layer 17 was 98 nm.

(Example 8)
An anti-glare layer 16 and a low refractive index layer 17 were formed on a base material 15 in the same manner as in Example 1, except that coating solution A-6 was used to create the anti-glare layer 16, to obtain an anti-reflection film 10.
In the obtained antireflection film 10, the thickness of the antiglare layer 16 was 6.0 μm, and the thickness of the low refractive index layer 17 was 98 nm.

(Example 9)
An anti-glare layer 16 and a low refractive index layer 17 were formed on a base material 15 in the same manner as in Example 1, except that coating solution A-7 was used to create the anti-glare layer 16, to obtain an anti-reflection film 10.
In the obtained antireflection film 10, the thickness of the antiglare layer 16 was 3.3 μm, and the thickness of the low refractive index layer 17 was 98 nm.

(Example 10)
An anti-glare layer 16 and a low refractive index layer 17 were formed on a base material 15 in the same manner as in Example 1, except that coating solution A-8 was used to create the anti-glare layer 16, to obtain an anti-reflection film 10.
In the obtained antireflection film 10, the thickness of the antiglare layer 16 was 3.3 μm, and the thickness of the low refractive index layer 17 was 98 nm.

(Example 11)
The anti-glare layer 16 and the low refractive index layer 16 were coated on the base material 15 in the same manner as in Example 1, except that coating solution A-9 was used to create the anti-glare layer 16 and coating solution B-2 was used to create the low refractive index layer 17. A refractive index layer 17 was formed to obtain an antireflection film 10.
In the obtained antireflection film 10, the thickness of the antiglare layer 16 was 3.3 μm, and the thickness of the low refractive index layer 17 was 98 nm.

(Example 12)
An anti-glare layer 16 and a low refractive index layer 17 were formed on a base material 15 in the same manner as in Example 1, except that coating solution A-10 was used to create the anti-glare layer 16, to obtain an anti-reflection film 10.
In the obtained antireflection film 10, the thickness of the antiglare layer 16 was 3.3 μm, and the thickness of the low refractive index layer 17 was 98 nm.

(Example 13)
An anti-glare layer 16 was formed on the base material 15 in the same manner as in Example 1 using the coating solution A-1. Subsequently, a high refractive index layer 19 was formed on the anti-glare layer 16 in the same manner as the low refractive index layer 17 of Example 1 using the coating solution C-1. Subsequently, a low refractive index layer 17 was formed on the high refractive index layer 19 in the same manner as in Example 1 using coating solution B-1.
Through the above steps, an antireflection film 10 was obtained in which the base material 15, the anti-glare layer 16, the high refractive index layer 19, and the low refractive index layer 17 were laminated in this order. The anti-glare layer 16 of the obtained anti-reflection film 10 had a thickness of 3.3 μm, the high refractive index layer 19 had a thickness of 145 μm, and the low refractive index layer 17 had a thickness of 98 nm.

(Example 14)
An anti-glare layer 16 and a low refractive index layer 17 were formed on a base material 15 in the same manner as in Example 1, except that coating solution A-14 was used to create the anti-glare layer 16, and an anti-reflection film 10 was obtained.
In the obtained antireflection film 10, the thickness of the antiglare layer 16 was 4.3 μm, and the thickness of the low refractive index layer 17 was 98 nm.

(Example 15)
An anti-glare layer 16 and a low refractive index layer 17 were formed on a base material 15 in the same manner as in Example 1, except that coating solution A-15 was used to create the anti-glare layer 16, to obtain an anti-reflection film 10.
In the obtained antireflection film 10, the thickness of the antiglare layer 16 was 4.5 μm, and the thickness of the low refractive index layer 17 was 98 nm.

(Example 16)
An anti-glare layer 16 and a low refractive index layer 17 were formed on a base material 15 in the same manner as in Example 1, except that coating solution A-16 was used to create the anti-glare layer 16, and an anti-reflection film 10 was obtained.
In the obtained antireflection film 10, the thickness of the antiglare layer 16 was 1.8 μm, and the thickness of the low refractive index layer 17 was 98 nm.

(Example 17)
An anti-glare layer 16 and a low refractive index layer 17 were formed on a base material 15 in the same manner as in Example 1, except that coating solution A-17 was used to create the anti-glare layer 16, and an anti-reflection film 10 was obtained.
In the obtained antireflection film 10, the thickness of the antiglare layer 16 was 4.5 μm, and the thickness of the low refractive index layer 17 was 98 nm.

(Example 18)
An anti-glare layer 16 and a low refractive index layer 17 were formed on a base material 15 in the same manner as in Example 1, except that coating solution A-18 was used to create the anti-glare layer 16, to obtain an anti-reflection film 10.
In the obtained antireflection film 10, the thickness of the antiglare layer 16 was 2.3 μm, and the thickness of the low refractive index layer 17 was 98 nm.

(Example 19)
An anti-glare layer 16 and a low refractive index layer 17 were formed on a base material 15 in the same manner as in Example 1, except that coating solution A-19 was used to create the anti-glare layer 16, and an anti-reflection film 10 was obtained.
In the obtained antireflection film 10, the thickness of the antiglare layer 16 was 1.9 μm, and the thickness of the low refractive index layer 17 was 98 nm.

(Example 20)
An anti-glare layer 16 and a low refractive index layer 17 were formed on a base material 15 in the same manner as in Example 1, except that coating solution A-20 was used to create the anti-glare layer 16, to obtain an anti-reflection film 10.
In the obtained antireflection film 10, the thickness of the antiglare layer 16 was 4.3 μm, and the thickness of the low refractive index layer 17 was 98 nm.

(Example 21)
An anti-glare layer 16 and a low refractive index layer 17 were formed on a base material 15 in the same manner as in Example 1, except that coating solution A-21 was used to create the anti-glare layer 16, and an anti-reflection film 10 was obtained.
In the obtained antireflection film 10, the thickness of the antiglare layer 16 was 1.9 μm, and the thickness of the low refractive index layer 17 was 98 nm.

(Example 22)
An anti-glare layer 16 and a low refractive index layer 17 were formed on the base material 15 in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a base material 15 made of PET (Lumirror manufactured by TORAY, thickness 50 μm) was used to prevent reflection. Film 10 was obtained.
In the obtained antireflection film 10, the thickness of the antiglare layer 16 was 3.3 μm, and the thickness of the low refractive index layer 17 was 98 nm.

(Example 23)
An anti-glare layer 16 and a low refractive index layer 17 were formed on the base material 15 in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a base material 15 made of TAC (FUJITAC manufactured by FUJIFILM, thickness 60 μm) was used to prevent reflection. Film 10 was obtained.
In the obtained antireflection film 10, the thickness of the antiglare layer 16 was 3.3 μm, and the thickness of the low refractive index layer 17 was 98 nm.

(Example 24)
An anti-glare layer 16 and a low refractive index layer 17 were formed on the base material 15 in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a base material 15 made of PMMA (OXIS manufactured by Okura Kogyo Co., Ltd., thickness 40 μm) was used. A prevention film 10 was obtained.
In the obtained antireflection film 10, the thickness of the antiglare layer 16 was 3.3 μm, and the thickness of the low refractive index layer 17 was 98 nm.

(Comparative example 1)
An anti-glare layer 16 and a low refractive index layer 17 were formed on a base material 15 in the same manner as in Example 1, except that coating solution A-11 was used to create the anti-glare layer 16, and an anti-reflection film 10 was obtained.
In the obtained antireflection film 10, the thickness of the antiglare layer 16 was 2.5 μm, and the thickness of the low refractive index layer 17 was 98 nm.

(Comparative example 2)
An anti-glare layer 16 and a low refractive index layer 17 were formed on a base material 15 in the same manner as in Example 1, except that coating solution A-12 was used to create the anti-glare layer 16, and an anti-reflection film 10 was obtained.
In the obtained antireflection film 10, the thickness of the antiglare layer 16 was 2.5 μm, and the thickness of the low refractive index layer 17 was 98 nm.

(Comparative example 3)
An anti-glare layer 16 and a low refractive index layer 17 were formed on a base material 15 in the same manner as in Comparative Example 2, except that the thickness of the anti-glare layer 16 was changed, and an anti-reflection film 10 was obtained.
In the obtained antireflection film 10, the thickness of the antiglare layer 16 was 3.7 μm, and the thickness of the low refractive index layer 17 was 98 nm.

(Comparative example 4)
An anti-glare layer 16 and a low refractive index layer 17 were formed on a base material 15 in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thickness of the anti-glare layer 16 was changed, and an anti-reflection film 10 was obtained.
In the obtained antireflection film 10, the thickness of the antiglare layer 16 was 6.0 μm, and the thickness of the low refractive index layer 17 was 98 nm. In addition, in the anti-glare layer 16 of Comparative Example 4, the film thickness of the anti-glare layer 16 was thick, the scattering particles 162 were buried in the binder 161, and the protrusion part 16b was not formed.

(Comparative example 5)
An anti-glare layer 16 and a low refractive index layer 17 were formed on a base material 15 in the same manner as in Example 1, except that coating solution A-13 was used to create the anti-glare layer 16, and an anti-reflection film 10 was obtained.
In the obtained antireflection film 10, the thickness of the antiglare layer 16 was 2.5 μm, and the thickness of the low refractive index layer 17 was 98 nm.

〔Evaluation methods〕
The antireflection films 10 obtained in Examples 1 to 21 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 were evaluated on the following items.
(Refractive index of binder 161 and scattering particles 162 in anti-glare layer 16)
The refractive index of each of the binder 161 and the scattering particles 162 in the anti-glare layer 16 was measured. Specifically, the refractive index of the binder 161 and the scattering particles 162 was measured using an Abbe refractometer (DR-A1) manufactured by Atago Co., Ltd. At this time, the refractive index was measured at n=3 points within the same sample, and the average value was adopted.

(Thickness of anti-glare layer 16)
The thickness of the anti-glare layer 16 was measured. Specifically, using a scanning electron microscope (SU8600) manufactured by Hitachi High-Tech Corporation, the cross section of the anti-glare layer 16 in the anti-reflection film 10 was observed at 2000 times, and the film thickness of the flat part 16a formed by the binder 161 was measured. was measured. At this time, the film thickness was measured at n=20 points within the same sample, and the average value was adopted.

(Refractive index and film thickness of low refractive index layer 17 and high refractive index layer 19)
The refractive index and film thickness of the low refractive index layer 17 and the high refractive index layer 19 were determined according to J. W. Measurement was performed using a spectroscopic ellipsometer (VUV-VASE) manufactured by Woollam. At this time, the refractive index and film thickness were measured at n=3 points within the same sample, and the average value was adopted.

(Total haze value)
The total haze value of the antireflection film 10 was measured using a haze meter NDH5000W manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd. in accordance with JIS K7136:2000. At this time, the total haze value was measured at n=3 points within the same sample, and the average value was adopted.

(internal haze value and external haze value)
With the unevenness 163 formed on the surface of the anti-glare layer 16 filled with a liquid monomer having almost the same refractive index as the anti-glare layer 16 and flattened, using a haze meter NDH5000W manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd., The internal haze value was measured. At this time, internal haze values were measured at n=3 points within the same sample, and the average value was used.
Further, the value obtained by subtracting the internal haze value from the total haze value was defined as the external haze value.

(Gross value at an incident angle of 85°)
The gloss value of the antireflection film 10 at an incident angle of 85° was measured. Specifically, a black PET film is pasted on the back surface (base material 15) of the anti-reflection film 10, and the surface (low refractive index layer 17) side of the anti-reflection film 10 is pasted using a BYK gloss meter. The gloss value was measured at an incident angle of 85°.

(Area of flat portion 16a and protruding portion 16b in anti-glare layer 16)
The areas of the flat portions 16a and protrusions 16b in the anti-glare layer 16 were measured using a laser microscope VK-X1100 manufactured by Keyence Corporation. Specifically, shape data of a 97 μm×73 μm area on the surface of the anti-glare layer 16 was obtained using an objective lens with a magnification of 150 times. Using the height information in the acquired shape data, the flat portion 16a and the protruding portion 16b were distinguished, and the area of each was calculated.
Then, the ratio of the area of the flat portion 16a to the area of the protruding portion 16b (area of the flat portion 16a/area of the protruding portion 16b) was calculated.

(SCI reflectance)
The SCI reflectance of the antireflection film 10 was measured. Specifically, a black PET film was pasted on the back surface (substrate 15) of the anti-reflection film 10, and the SCI reflectance of the anti-reflection film 10 was measured using CM-2600d manufactured by Konica Minolta, Inc. .
The smaller the SCI reflectance of the antireflection film 10 is, the more preferable it is, and specifically, it is preferably 1.8% or less.

(Reflection evaluation)
The antireflection film 10 was attached to a 55-inch display using an adhesive film. In addition, a lamp equipped with an incandescent light bulb was placed 2 meters away from the display at an angle of 45 degrees. Then, with the display turned on and an image displayed, visually observe the display from a distance of 1 meter in front of the display to check for the reflection of the incandescent light bulb on the display and the difference in the image displayed on the display. Visibility was evaluated.
Evaluation was performed based on the following criteria.
A: There is very little reflection of external light, and the visibility of the image is excellent.
B: Some reflection of external light can be seen, but there is almost no effect on the visibility of the image.
C: Reflection of external light is noticeable, and it is confirmed that the visibility of the displayed image is reduced.
D: Visibility of the image is poor due to strong reflection of external light.
A case where the evaluation was A or B was judged as a pass, and a case where the evaluation was C or D was judged as a failure.

(Appearance evaluation)
The appearance of the display to which the antireflection film 10 was attached was visually observed and evaluated under bright field conditions. A display similar to that used for reflection evaluation was used, and the appearance was observed with the display not lit.
Evaluation was performed based on the following criteria.
A: A black color with no luster is felt.
B: A glossy black color is slightly felt.
C: Some whitishness due to scattered light is perceived.
D: Whiteness due to scattered light is felt.
A case where the evaluation was A or B was judged as a pass, and a case where the evaluation was C or D was judged as a failure.

〔Evaluation results〕
The evaluation results of the antireflection films 10 of Examples 1 to 21 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 are shown in Tables 6 to 9.

As shown in Tables 6 to 8, in the antireflection films 10 of Examples 1 to 21, the results of reflection evaluation and appearance evaluation were both A or B, which was within the acceptable range.

On the other hand, the anti-reflection films 10 of Comparative Examples 1 to 3, in which the scattering particles 162 included in the anti-glare layer 16 do not have irregularities on the surface, failed in at least one of the reflection evaluation and appearance evaluation. It became.
In addition, the anti-reflection film 10 of Comparative Example 4, in which the anti-glare layer 16 has a large thickness (the thickness of the flat portion 16a) and the scattering particles 162 do not protrude from the binder 161 and the protruding portion 16b is not formed, was evaluated for appearance. Although the result was a pass, the result of the reflection evaluation was a fail.
Further, the antireflection film 10 of Comparative Example 5 in which the anti-glare layer 16 did not include the scattering particles 162 passed the appearance evaluation, but failed the reflection evaluation.

Further, when comparing Examples 1 to 13, it is found that the antireflection films 10 of Examples 1 to 5 and Examples 7 to 13, which have a gloss value of 40 or less at an incident angle of 85°, It was confirmed that the results of the reflection evaluation were better than the antireflection film 10 of Example 6, which had a gloss value of more than 40 at 85°.
Furthermore, Examples 1 to 7 and Examples 9 to 20 have a ratio of the area of the flat part 16a to the area of the protrusion 16b (area of the flat part 16a/area of the protrusion 16b) from 2.0 to 30. The antireflection film 10 of Example 13 is the antireflection film 10 of Example 8 in which the ratio of the area of the flat portion 16a to the area of the protrusion 16b (area of the flat portion 16a/area of the protrusion 16b) is less than 2.0. It was confirmed that the results of the appearance evaluation were good compared to the above.

[Evaluation based on differences in base material 15]
The antireflection films 10 obtained in Example 1 and Examples 22 to 24 in which the base materials 15 were different from each other were evaluated and compared with respect to the following items.
(Internal haze value of base material 15)
The internal haze value in the visible light region of the base material 15 used in Examples 1 and 22 to 24 was measured using a spectral haze meter SH7000 manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd. Regarding the base material 15 (Cosmoshine SRF manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.) of Example 1, the internal haze value at a wavelength of 440 nm in the visible light region was measured. Further, regarding the base material 15 of Example 22 (Lumirror manufactured by TORAY), the base material 15 of Example 23 (FUJITAC manufactured by FUJIFILM), and the base material 15 of Example 24 (OXIS manufactured by Okura Industries) measured the internal haze value at a wavelength of 380 nm in the visible light region.

(SCI reflectance, reflected chromaticity (a ^* /b ^* ))
The SCI reflectance and reflective chromaticity (a ^* / b ^* ) of the antireflection film 10 obtained in Example 1, Example 22 to Example 24 were measured using CM-2600d manufactured by Konica Minolta, Inc. .
As mentioned above, it is preferable that the SCI reflectance of the antireflection film 10 is smaller. Moreover, the smaller the absolute value of the reflection chromaticity (a ^* /b ^* ) of the antireflection film 10, the more preferable it is.

Table 10 shows the evaluation results of the antireflection films 10 of Examples 1 and 22 to 24.

As shown in Table 10, in the antireflection films 10 of Examples 22 to 24 in which the base material 15 has an internal haze value of 0.5% or less in the visible light region, the internal haze value of the base material 15 in the visible light region is 0.5% or less. It was confirmed that the absolute values of SCI (Specular Component Include) and reflection chromaticity (a ^* /b ^* ) were smaller than the antireflection film 10 of Example 1 whose value exceeded 0.5%.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Display device, 1a... Liquid crystal panel, 10... Antireflection film, 11... Backlight, 12... Polarizing film, 13... Retardation film, 14... Liquid crystal, 15... Base material, 16... Anti-glare layer, 16a... Flat part , 16b... protrusion, 17... low refractive index layer, 18... anisotropic diffusion layer, 19... high refractive index layer, 161... binder, 162... scattering particle, 163... unevenness

Claims (31)

an anti-glare layer including scattering particles having irregularities formed on the surface and a binder made of a resin that disperses the scattering particles;
a low refractive index layer laminated on the anti-glare layer and having a refractive index of 1.40 or less,
The anti-glare layer is a resin film having a flat part and a protruding part from which the scattering particles protrude from the flat part. The anti-glare layer has a ratio of the area of the flat portion to the area of the protrusion (area of the flat portion/area of the protrusion) of 2.0 or more and 30 The resin film according to claim 1, which is as follows. The resin film according to claim 1, wherein the scattering particles have an average particle diameter of 1 μm or more and 10 μm or less. The resin film according to claim 3, wherein the scattering particles have a specific surface area of 5 m ² /g or more calculated by the BET method. 4. The resin film according to claim 3, wherein the proportion of particles having a particle size of 20 μm or more in the scattering particles is 1% by mass or less. The resin film according to claim 1, wherein the scattering particles have a coefficient of variation in particle size distribution of 30% or less. The resin film according to claim 1, wherein the scattering particles include a plurality of particles having different average particle diameters. The resin film according to claim 7, wherein the scattering particles have a difference in average particle diameter of the plurality of particles of 2.0 μm or less. The resin film according to claim 1, wherein the anti-glare layer has a difference between the refractive index of the binder and the refractive index of the scattering particles of 0.15 or less. The resin film according to claim 1, wherein in the anti-glare layer, interfaces between the binder and the scattering particles are compatible with each other. The resin film according to claim 1, wherein in the anti-glare layer, the binder has a refractive index of 1.50 or more and 1.60 or less. The resin film according to claim 1, wherein in the anti-glare layer, the scattering particles have a refractive index of 1.44 or more and 1.60 or less. The resin film according to claim 1, wherein the scattering particles include at least one of silica particles, PMMA particles, melamine particles, and cellulose acetate particles. The resin film according to claim 1, wherein the scattering particles include silicone particles. The resin film according to claim 1, wherein the anti-glare layer further includes nanoparticles having an average particle size of 100 nm or less. The resin film according to claim 1, wherein the anti-glare layer further includes particles that do not protrude from the binder. The resin film according to claim 1, wherein the low refractive index layer has a refractive index of 1.34 or less. The resin film according to claim 1, wherein the low refractive index layer includes hollow particles and a resin that disperses the hollow particles. The resin film according to claim 1, wherein the average thickness of the low refractive index layer is 80 nm or more and 120 nm or less. The resin film according to claim 1, further comprising a high refractive index layer having a refractive index of 1.60 or more between the anti-glare layer and the low refractive index layer. The resin film according to claim 1, having an external haze value of 20% or more. The resin film according to claim 1, having an internal haze value of 15% or less. The resin film according to claim 1, wherein the resin film has a gloss value of 10 or less when measured at an incident angle of 60° from the low refractive index layer side. The resin film according to claim 1, wherein the resin film has a gloss value of 50 or less when measured from the low refractive index layer side at an incident angle of 85°. an anti-glare layer having a flat portion and a protruding portion protruding from the flat portion;
a low refractive index layer laminated on the anti-glare layer and having a refractive index of 1.40 or less,
The anti-glare layer has a ratio of the area of the flat portion to the area of the protrusion (area of the flat portion/area of the protrusion) of 2.0 or more and 30 or less, and the surface roughness at the protruding portion is greater than the surface roughness at the flat portion. An anti-glare layer having a flat part and a protruding part from which the scattering particles protrude from the flat part is created by using scattering particles having an uneven surface and a binder made of a resin that disperses the scattering particles. An anti-glare layer creation process,
A method for forming a resin film, comprising: forming a low refractive index layer having a refractive index of 1.40 or less on the anti-glare layer. 27. The method for forming a resin film according to claim 26, wherein the low refractive index layer forming step forms the low refractive index layer by a wet coating method. a display means for displaying an image;
A display device comprising: a resin film according to any one of claims 1 to 25, provided on a surface of the display means. base material and
An optical member provided on the base material and comprising the resin film according to any one of claims 1 to 25. The optical member according to claim 29, wherein the base material has a maximum internal haze value of 0.5% or less in the visible light wavelength region. a polarizing means for polarizing the light;
A polarizing member provided on the polarizing means and comprising the resin film according to any one of claims 1 to 25.