JP2023522806A - Techniques for producing aluminum alloy products with improved formability and reusability - Google Patents

Abstract

An aluminum alloy product and a method of making an aluminum alloy product are described in which the intermetallic grain density and grain size of the aluminum alloy product are carefully controlled. Such aluminum alloy products can exhibit favorable formability. By controlling the size and density of the intermetallic particles, it may be possible to use large amounts of recycled content in aluminum alloy products. [Selection drawing] Fig. 1

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/963,816, filed January 21, 2020, which provisional application, in its entirety, incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD The present disclosure relates generally to metallurgy, and more specifically to techniques for improving the formability of aluminum alloy products and aluminum alloy products, particularly those with high recycled content. The present disclosure also relates to aluminum alloy products useful in beverage containers and other aluminum alloy products, and methods of preparing aluminum alloy products.

Formability is an important mechanical property of aluminum alloy products. In some cases, reducing the constituent grain size within the microstructure of aluminum alloys is aimed at improving formability. At the same time, environmental concerns are demanding increased recycled content in aluminum alloy products. However, increasing the recycled content of an aluminum alloy product can reduce the formability of the aluminum alloy product.

One industry that may benefit from increased moldability and increased recycled content is the beverage container industry. However, the composition of aluminum alloys used in the beverage container industry can affect the moldability and recycled content of beverage products. For example, manganese-containing AA3104 alloy is commonly used for beverage can body materials, whereas magnesium-containing aluminum alloys (e.g., AA5182) are used for beverage can end materials. . Various aluminum alloys may help meet the needs of various beverage container technologies.

Embodiments and like terms are intended to refer broadly to all of the subject matter of this disclosure and to the claims that follow. Statements containing these terms should not be understood to limit the subject matter described herein nor should they limit the meaning or scope of the following claims. The embodiments of the disclosure covered herein are defined by the following claims rather than by this summary of the invention. This Summary of the Invention is a high-level overview of various aspects of the disclosure and introduces some of the concepts that are further described in the Detailed Description section below. This Summary of the Invention is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor can it be used alone to determine the scope of the claimed subject matter. is not intended. The subject matter should be understood by reference to the entire specification of the disclosure, any or all drawings, and appropriate portions of each claim.

Described herein are aluminum alloy products, wherein the aluminum alloy product has been engineered to have a preferred intermetallic particle distribution, particle density, and/or spacing between particles (interparticle spacing). and a method of making an aluminum alloy product, which for the aluminum beverage container making process and/or during forming of the aluminum alloy product (e.g., in the aluminum beverage container making process) drawing, ironing, and/or necking. It can be beneficial to minimize and reduce internal galling and tearing. Furthermore, the ability to control particle density and inter-particle spacing to preferred values can increase recycled content, which can benefit the environmental and economic costs of aluminum alloy product manufacturing. . Optionally, the aluminum alloy comprises a plurality of particles including alpha phase intermetallic particles comprising aluminum, silicon and one or more of iron or manganese. Optionally, the aluminum alloy comprises a plurality of particles comprising beta-phase intermetallic particles comprising aluminum and one or more of iron or manganese. Optionally, the aluminum alloy is derived from recycled raw materials or at least partially derived from recycled raw materials.

The aluminum alloys of some embodiments may exhibit an iron to silicon ratio (e.g., wt% ratio) that is comparable to the iron to silicon ratio of some alloys conventionally used in beverage container making processes. may be greater than the ratio. For example, the ratio of wt % iron to wt % silicon of the aluminum alloys described herein can range, for example, from about 0.5 to about 5.0, or from about 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1. 6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0, 3. 1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, It can be 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9 and/or 5.0. The disclosed aluminum alloys of some embodiments instead have a silicon to iron ratio (e.g., wt% ratio) that is greater than the silicon to iron ratio of alloys conventionally used in beverage container making processes. ). For example, the ratio of wt% silicon to wt% iron in the aluminum alloys described herein is, for example, in the range of about 0.5 to about 1.0, such as 0.5 to 1.0, such as 0.5 ~0.6, 0.5-0.7, 0.5-0.8, 0.5-0.9, 0.6-0.7, 0.6-0.8, 0.6-0 .9, 0.6-1.0, 0.7-0.8, 0.7-0.9, 0.7-1.0, 0.8-0.9, 0.8-1.0 , or 0.9 to 1.0, or about 0.5, 0.51, 0.52, 0.53, 0.54, 0.55, 0.56, 0.57, 0.58, 0.5. 59, 0.6, 0.61, 0.62, 0.63, 0.64, 0.65, 0.66, 0.67, 0.68, 0.69, 0.7, 0.71, 0.72, 0.73, 0.74, 0.75, 0.76, 0.77, 0.78, 0.79, 0.8, 0.81, 0.82, 0.83, 0. 84, 0.85, 0.86, 0.87, 0.88, 0.89, 0.9, 0.91, 0.92, 0.93, 0.94, 0.95, 0.96, It can be 0.97, 0.98, 0.99, or 1. Increasing the amount of iron relative to the amount of silicon in the aluminum alloy or increasing the amount of silicon relative to the amount of iron improves the particle size, concentration, distribution, particle density, interparticle spacing, and/or of intermetallic particles in the aluminum alloy. It can be useful to control the composition. Additionally, increasing the amount of iron used in aluminum alloys may allow the use of more recycled content.

The size, concentration, density, interparticle spacing, particle composition, and/or distribution of intermetallic particles in the aluminum alloy are alternatively or additionally controlled by subjecting the aluminum alloy to suitable homogenization conditions after casting. be able to. For example, homogenizing (soaking) an aluminum alloy for a relatively long period of time (eg, greater than about 12 hours or greater than about 24 hours) can convert less desirable intermetallic particles to more desirable particles. Such conversion does not occur during short periods of homogenization (e.g., less than about 24 hours or less than about 12 hours), or a sufficient number of particles of size, concentration, interparticle spacing, intermetallic particle size, concentration, intermetallic particle size, etc. It may not occur to a significant enough extent to adequately affect distribution and/or composition. For example, by subjecting aluminum alloys to prolonged high-temperature homogenization, by diffusing silicon into the particles, and/or by diffusing iron out of the particles, the chemical structure of the intermetallic particles is less desirable. and the crystal structure can be changed.

Optionally, the aluminum alloy product comprises an aluminum alloy comprising aluminum, iron, magnesium, manganese and silicon. Optionally, the ratio of wt% iron in the aluminum alloy to wt% silicon in the aluminum alloy is 0.5 to 5.0, such as 0.5 to 1.0, 0.5 to 1.1 , 0.5-1.5, 0.5-1.8, 0.5-2.0, 0.5-2.5, 0.5-3.0, 0.5-3.5, 0 .5-4.0, 0.5-4.5, 1.0-1.1, 1.0-1.5, 1.0-1.8, 1.0-2.0, 1.0 ~2.5, 1.0-3.0, 1.0-3.5, 1.0-4.0, 1.0-4.5, 1.0-5.0, 1.1-1 .5, 1.1-1.8, 1.1-2.0, 1.1-2.5, 1.1-3.0, 1.1-3.5, 1.1-4.0 , 1.1-4.5, 1.1-5.0, 1.5-1.8, 1.5-2.0, 1.5-2.5, 1.5-3.0, 1 .5-3.5, 1.5-4.0, 1.5-4.5, 1.5-5.0, 1.8-2.0, 1.8-2.5, 1.8 ~3.0, 1.8-3.5, 1.8-4.0, 1.8-4.5, 1.8-5.0, 2.0-2.5, 2.0-3 .0, 2.0-3.5, 2.0-4.0, 2.0-4.5, 2.0-5.0, 2.5-3.0, 2.5-3.5 , 2.5-4.0, 2.5-4.5, 2.5-5.0, 3.0-3.5, 3.0-4.0, 3.0-4.5, 3 .0 to 5.0, 3.5 to 4.0, 3.5 to 4.5, 3.5 to 5.0, 4.0 to 4.5, 4.0 to 5.0, or 4. 5 to 5.0. Optionally, the ratio of wt% silicon to wt% iron in the aluminum alloy product (eg, including the 3xxx series aluminum alloys) is 0.5 to 1.0, such as 0.5 to 0.55, 0.5-0.6, 0.5-0.65, 0.5-0.7, 0.5-0.75, 0.5-0.8, 0.5-0.85, 0.5-0.65 5-0.9, 0.5-0.95, 0.55-0.6, 0.55-0.65, 0.55-0.7, 0.55-0.75, 0.55- 0.8, 0.55-0.85, 0.55-0.9, 0.55-0.95, 0.55-1.0, 0.6-0.65, 0.6-0. 7, 0.6-0.75, 0.6-0.8, 0.6-0.85, 0.6-0.9, 0.6-0.95, 0.6-1, 0.6-0.95 65-0.65, 0.65-0.7, 0.65-0.75, 0.65-0.8, 0.65-0.85, 0.65-0.9, 0.65- 0.95, 0.65-1.0, 0.7-0.75, 0.7-0.8, 0.7-0.85, 0.7-0.95, 0.7-1, 0.75-0.8, 0.75-0.85, 0.75-0.9, 0.75-0.95, 0.75-1.0, 0.8-0.85, 0.75-0.85 8-0.9, 0.8-0.95, 0.8-1, 0.85-0.9, 0.85-0.95, 0.85-1.0, 0.9-0. It can be 95, 0.9-1, or 0.95-1.0. Exemplary 3xxx series aluminum alloys are 0.8-1.4 wt% magnesium, 0.8-1.3 wt% manganese, up to 0.25 wt% copper, 0.4-0.7 wt% silicon, It may contain up to 0.7 wt% iron, up to 0.25 wt% zinc, and aluminum.

In embodiments, the cast aluminum alloy product comprises beta phase intermetallic particles comprising aluminum and one or more of iron or manganese and/or aluminum, silicon and one or more of iron or manganese. Contains α-phase intermetallic particles. Optionally, the particle density, such as beta-phase intermetallic particles and/or alpha-phase intermetallic particles, is from 5 to 30,000 particles/μm ² , such as from 10 to 25,000, from 10 to 20,000, from 10 to 15 ,000, 10-10,000, 10-9,500, 10-9,000, 10-8,500, 10-8,000, 10-7,500, 10-7,000, 10-6,500 , 10 to 6,000, 10 to 5,500, 10 to 5,000, 10 to 4,500, 10 to 4,000, 10 to 3,500, 10 to 3,000, 10 to 2,500, 10 ~2,000, 10~1,500, 10~1,000, 10~950, 10~900, 10~850, 10~800, 10~750, 10~700, 10~650, 10~600, 10 ~550, 10~500, 10~450, 10~400, 10~350, 10~300, 10~250, 10~200, 10~150, 10~100, 10~75, 10~50, 10~25 , 25 to 30,000, 25 to 25,000, 25 to 20,000, 25 to 15,000, 25 to 10,000, 25 to 9,500, 25 to 9,000, 25 to 8,500, 25 ~8,000, 25~7,500, 25~7,000, 25~6,500, 25~6,000, 25~5,500, 25~5,000, 25~4,500, 25~4 ,000, 25-3,500, 25-3,000, 25-2,500, 25-2,000, 25-1,500, 25-1,000, 25-950, 25-900, 25-850 , 25-800, 25-750, 25-700, 25-650, 25-600, 25-550, 25-500, 25-450, 25-400, 25-350, 25-300, 25-250, 25 ~200, 25~150, 25~100, 25~75, 25~50, 50~30,000, 50~25,000, 50~20,000, 50~15,000, 50~10,000, 50 ~ 9,500, 50 ~ 9,000, 50 ~ 8,500, 50 ~ 8,000, 50 ~ 7,500, 50 ~ 7,000, 50 ~ 6,500, 50 ~ 6,000, 50 ~ 5 , 500, 50-5,000, 50-4,500, 50-4,000, 50-3,500, 50-3,000, 50-2,500, 50-2,000, 50-1,500 , 50-1,000, 50-950, 50-900, 50-850, 50-800, 50-750, 50-700, 50-650, 50-600, 50-550, 50-500, 50-450 , 50-400, 50-350, 50-300, 50-250, 50-200, 50-150, 50-100, 50-75, 75-30,000, 75-25,000, 75-20,000 , 75-15,000, 75-10,000, 75-9,500, 75-9,000, 75-8,500, 75-8,000, 75-7,500, 75-7,000, 75 ~6,500, 75~6,000, 75~5,500, 75~5,000, 75~4,500, 75~4,000, 75~3,500, 75~3,000, 75~2 , 500, 75-2,000, 75-1,500, 75-1,000, 75-950, 75-900, 75-850, 75-800, 75-750, 75-700, 75-650, 75 ~600, 75~550, 75~500, 75~450, 75~400, 75~350, 75~300, 75~250, 75~200, 75~150, 75~100, 100~30,000, 100 ~25,000, 100~20,000, 100~15,000, 100~10,000, 100~9,500, 100~9,000, 100~8,500, 100~8,000, 100~7 , 500, 100-7,000, 100-6,500, 100-6,000, 100-5,500, 100-5,000, 100-4,500, 100-4,000, 100-3,500 , 100-3,000, 100-2,500, 100-2,000, 100-1,500, 100-1,000, 100-950, 100-900, 100-850, 100-800, 100-750 , 100-700, 100-650, 100-600, 100-550, 100-500, 100-450, 100-400, 100-350, 100-300, 100-250, 100-200, 100-150, 150 ~30,000, 150~25,000, 150~20,000, 150~15,000, 150~10,000, 150~9,500, 150~9,000, 150~8,500, 150~8 ,000, 150-7,500, 150-7,000, 150-6,500, 150-6,000, 150-5,500, 150-5,000, 150-4,500, 150-4,000 , 150-3,500, 150-3,000, 150-2,500, 150-2,000, 150-1,500, 150-1,000, 150-950, 150-900, 150-850, 150 ~800, 150~750, 150~700, 150~650, 150~600, 150~550, 150~500, 150~450, 150~400, 150~350, 150~300, 150~250, 150~200 , 200-30,000, 200-25,000, 200-20,000, 200-15,000, 200-10,000, 200-9,500, 200-9,000, 200-8,500, 200 ~8,000, 200~7,500, 200~7,000, 200~6,500, 200~6,000, 200~5,500, 200~5,000, 200~4,500, 200~4 ,000, 200-3,500, 200-3,000, 200-2,500, 200-2,000, 200-1,500, 200-1,000, 200-950, 200-900, 200-850 , 200-800, 200-750, 200-700, 200-650, 200-600, 200-550, 200-500, 200-450, 200-400, 200-350, 200-300, 200-250, 250 ~30,000, 250~25,000, 250~20,000, 250~15,000, 250~10,000, 250~9,500, 250~9,000, 250~8,500, 250~8 ,000, 250-7,500, 250-7,000, 250-6,500, 250-6,000, 250-5,500, 250-5,000, 250-4,500, 250-4,000 , 250-3,500, 250-3,000, 250-2,500, 250-2,000, 250-1,500, 250-1,000, 250-950, 250-900, 250-850, 250 ~800, 250~750, 250~700, 250~650, 250~600, 250~550, 250~500, 250~450, 250~400, 250~350, 250~300, 300~30,000, 300 ~25,000, 300~20,000, 300~15,000, 300~10,000, 300~9,500, 300~9,000, 300~8,500, 300~8,000, 300~7 , 500, 300-7,000, 300-6,500, 300-6,000, 300-5,500, 300-5,000, 300-4,500, 300-4,000, 300-3,500 , 300-3,000, 300-2,500, 300-2,000, 300-1,500, 300-1,000, 300-950, 300-900, 300-850, 300-800, 300-750 , 300-700, 300-650, 300-600, 300-550, 300-500, 300-450, 300-400, 300-350, 350-30,000, 350-25,000, 350-20,000 , 350-15,000, 350-10,000, 350-9,500, 350-9,000, 350-8,500, 350-8,000, 350-7,500, 350-7,000, 350 ~6,500, 350~6,000, 350~5,500, 350~5,000, 350~4,500, 350~4,000, 350~3,500, 350~3,000, 350~2 , 500, 350-2,000, 350-1,500, 350-1,000, 350-950, 350-900, 350-850, 350-800, 350-750, 350-700, 350-650, 350 ~600, 350~550, 350~500, 350~450, 350~400, 400~30,000, 400~25,000, 400~20,000, 400~15,000, 400~10,000, 400 ~9,500, 400~9,000, 400~8,500, 400~8,000, 400~7,500, 400~7,000, 400~6,500, 400~6,000, 400~5 , 500, 400-5,000, 400-4,500, 400-4,000, 400-3,500, 400-3,000, 400-2,500, 400-2,000, 400-1,500 , 400-1,000, 400-950, 400-900, 400-850, 400-800, 400-750, 400-700, 400-650, 400-600, 400-550, 400-500, 400-450 , 450-30,000, 450-25,000, 450-20,000, 450-15,000, 450-10,000, 450-9,500, 450-9,000, 450-8,500, 450 ~8,000, 450~7,500, 450~7,000, 450~6,500, 450~6,000, 450~5,500, 450~5,000, 450~4,500, 450~4 ,000, 450-3,500, 450-3,000, 450-2,500, 450-2,000, 450-1,500, 450-1,000, 450-950, 450-900, 450-850 , 450-800, 450-750, 450-700, 450-650, 450-600, 450-550, 450-500, 500-30,000, 500-25,000, 500-20,000, 500-15 ,000, 500-10,000, 500-9,500, 500-9,000, 500-8,500, 500-8,000, 500-7,500, 500-7,000, 500-6,500 , 500-6,000, 500-5,500, 500-5,000, 500-4,500, 500-4,000, 500-3,500, 500-3,000, 500-2,500, 500 ~2,000, 500~1,500, 500~1,000, 500~950, 500~900, 500~850, 500~800, 500~750, 500~700, 500~650, 500~600, 500 ~550, 600 ~ 30,000, 600 ~ 25,000, 600 ~ 20,000, 600 ~ 15,000, 600 ~ 10,000, 600 ~ 9,500, 600 ~ 9,000, 600 ~ 8,500 , 600-8,000, 600-7,500, 600-7,000, 600-6,500, 600-6,000, 600-5,500, 600-5,000, 600-4,500, 600 ~4,000, 600~3,500, 600~3,000, 600~2,500, 600~2,000, 600~1,500, 600~1,000, 600~950, 600~900, 600 ~850, 600-800, 600-750, 600-700, 600-650, 700-30,000, 700-25,000, 700-20,000, 700-15,000, 700-10,000, 700 ~9,500, 700~9,000, 700~8,500, 700~8,000, 700~7,500, 700~7,000, 700~6,500, 700~6,000, 700~5 , 500, 700-5,000, 700-4,500, 700-4,000, 700-3,500, 700-3,000, 700-2,500, 700-2,000, 700-1,500 , 700 to 1,000,
700-950, 700-900, 700-850, 700-800, 700-750, 800-30,000, 800-25,000, 800-20,000, 800-15,000, 800-10,000, 800-9,500, 800-9,000, 800-8,500, 800-8,000, 800-7,500, 800-7,000, 800-6,500, 800-6,000, 800- 5,500, 800-5,000, 800-4,500, 800-4,000, 800-3,500, 800-3,000, 800-2,500, 800-2,000, 800-1, 500, 800-1,000, 800-950, 800-900, 800-850, 900-30,000, 900-25,000, 900-20,000, 900-15,000, 900-10,000, 900-9,500, 900-9,000, 900-8,500, 900-8,000, 900-7,500, 900-7,000, 900-6,500, 900-6,000, 900- 5,500, 900-5,000, 900-4,500, 900-4,000, 900-3,500, 900-3,000, 900-2,500, 900-2,000, 900-1, 500, 900-1,000, 900-950, 1,000-30,000, 1,000-25,000, 1,000-20,000, 1,000-15,000, 1,000-10, 000, 1,000 to 9,500, 1,000 to 9,000, 1,000 to 8,500, 1,000 to 8,000, 1,000 to 7,500, 1,000 to 7,000, 1,000 to 6,500, 1,000 to 6,000, 1,000 to 5,500, 1,000 to 5,000, 1,000 to 4,500, 1,000 to 4,000, 1, 000-3,500, 1,000-3,000, 1,000-2,500, 1,000-2,000, 1,000-1,500, 2,000-30,000, 2,000- 25,000, 2,000-20,000, 2,000-15,000, 2,000-10,000, 2,000-9,500, 2,000-9,000, 2,000-8, 500, 2,000 to 8,000, 2,000 to 7,500, 2,000 to 7,000, 2,000 to 6,500, 2,000 to 6,000, 2,000 to 5,500, 2,000-5,000, 2,000-4,500, 2,000-4,000, 2,000-3,500, 2,000-3,000, 2,000-2,500, 3, 000-30,000, 3,000-25,000, 3,000-20,000, 3,000-15,000, 3,000-10,000, 3,000-9,500, 3,000- 9,000, 3,000-8,500, 3,000-8,000, 3,000-7,500, 3,000-7,000, 3,000-6,500, 3,000-6, 000, 3,000 to 5,500, 3,000 to 5,000, 3,000 to 4,500, 3,000 to 4,000, 3,000 to 3,500, 4,000 to 30,000, 4,000 to 25,000, 4,000 to 20,000, 4,000 to 15,000, 4,000 to 10,000, 4,000 to 9,500, 4,000 to 9,000, 4, 000-8,500, 4,000-8,000, 4,000-7,500, 4,000-7,000, 4,000-6,500, 4,000-6,000, 4,000- 5,500, 4,000-5,000, 4,000-4,500, 5,000-30,000, 5,000-25,000, 5,000-20,000, 5,000-15, 000, 5,000 to 10,000, 5,000 to 9,500, 5,000 to 9,000, 5,000 to 8,500, 5,000 to 8,000, 5,000 to 7,500, 5,000 to 7,000, 5,000 to 6,500, 5,000 to 6,000, 5,000 to 5,500, 6,000 to 30,000, 6,000 to 25,000, 6, 000-20,000, 6,000-15,000, 6,000-10,000, 6,000-9,500, 6,000-9,000, 6,000-8,500, 6,000- 8,000, 6,000-7,500, 6,000-7,000, 6,000-6,500, 7,000-30,000, 7,000-25,000, 7,000-20, 000, 7,000 to 15,000, 7,000 to 10,000, 7,000 to 9,500, 7,000 to 9,000, 7,000 to 8,500, 7,000 to 8,000, 7,000-7,500, 8,000-30,000, 8,000-25,000, 8,000-20,000, 8,000-15,000, 8,000-10,000, 8, 000-9,500, 8,000-9,000, 8,000-8,500, 9,000-30,000, 9,000-25,000, 9,000-20,000, 9,000- 15,000, 9,000-10,000, 9,000-9,500, 10,000-30,000, 10,000-25,000, 10,000-20,000, 10,000-15, 000, 15,000 to 30,000, 15,000 to 25,000, 15,000 to 20,000, 20,000 to 30,000, 20,000 to 25,000, or 25,000 to 30,000 It can be particles/μm ² .

Optionally, the plurality of particles has an interparticle spacing of 1 μm to 25 μm, such as 1 μm to 2 μm, 1 μm to 3 μm, 1 μm to 4 μm, 1 μm to 5 μm, 1 μm to 6 μm, 1 μm to 7 μm, 1 μm to 8 μm, 1 μm to 9 μm. . ~22 μm, 1 μm to 23 μm, 1 μm to 24 μm, 2 μm to 3 μm, 2 μm to 4 μm, 2 μm to 5 μm, 2 μm to 6 μm, 2 μm to 7 μm, 2 μm to 8 μm, 2 μm to 9 μm, 2 μm to 10 μm, 2 μm to 11 μm, 2 μm to 12 μm , 2-13 μm, 2-14 μm, 2-15 μm, 2-16 μm, 2-17 μm, 2-18 μm, 2-19 μm, 2-20 μm, 2-21 μm, 2-22 μm, 2-23 μm, 2-24 μm, 2 μm ~25 μm, 3 μm to 4 μm, 3 μm to 5 μm, 3 μm to 6 μm, 3 μm to 7 μm, 3 μm to 8 μm, 3 μm to 9 μm, 3 μm to 10 μm, 3 μm to 11 μm, 3 μm to 12 μm, 3 μm to 13 μm, 3 μm to 14 μm, 3 μm to 15 μm , 3-16 μm, 3-17 μm, 3-18 μm, 3-19 μm, 3-20 μm, 3-21 μm, 3-22 μm, 3-23 μm, 3-24 μm, 3-25 μm, 4-5 μm, 4-6 μm, 4 μm ~7 μm, 4 μm to 8 μm, 4 μm to 9 μm, 4 μm to 10 μm, 4 μm to 11 μm, 4 μm to 12 μm, 4 μm to 13 μm, 4 μm to 14 μm, 4 μm to 15 μm, 4 μm to 16 μm, 4 μm to 17 μm, 4 μm to 18 μm, 4 μm to 19 μm , 4-20 μm, 4-21 μm, 4-22 μm, 4-23 μm, 4-24 μm, 4-25 μm, 5-6 μm, 5-7 μm, 5-8 μm, 5-9 μm, 5-10 μm, 5-11 μm, 5 μm ~12 μm, 5 μm to 13 μm, 5 μm to 14 μm, 5 μm to 15 μm, 5 μm to 16 μm, 5 μm to 17 μm, 5 μm to 18 μm, 5 μm to 19 μm, 5 μm to 20 μm, 5 μm to 21 μm, 5 μm to 22 μm, 5 μm to 23 μm, 5 μm to 24 μm , 5-25 μm, 6-7 μm, 6-8 μm, 6-9 μm, 6-10 μm, 6-11 μm, 6-12 μm, 6-13 μm, 6-14 μm, 6-15 μm, 6-16 μm, 6-17 μm, 6 μm ~18 μm, 6 μm to 19 μm, 6 μm to 20 μm, 6 μm to 21 μm, 6 μm to 22 μm, 6 μm to 23 μm, 6 μm to 24 μm, 6 μm to 25 μm, 7 μm to 8 μm, 7 μm to 9 μm, 7 μm to 10 μm, 7 μm to 11 μm, 7 μm to 12 μm . ~25μm, 8μm~9μm, 8μm~10μm, 8μm~11μm, 8μm~12μm, 8μm~13μm, 8μm~14μm, 8μm~15μm, 8μm~16μm, 8μm~17μm, 8μm~18μm, 8μm~19μm, 8μm~20μm . ~17 μm, 9 μm to 18 μm, 9 μm to 19 μm, 9 μm to 20 μm, 9 μm to 21 μm, 9 μm to 22 μm, 9 μm to 23 μm, 9 μm to 24 μm, 9 μm to 25 μm, 10 μm to 11 μm, 10 μm to 12 μm, 10 μm to 13 μm, 10 μm to 14 μm . 11 μm ~13 µm, 11 µm ~ 14 µm, 11 µm ~ 15 µm, 11 µm ~ 16 µm, 11 µm ~ 17 µm, 11 µm ~ 18 µm, 11 µm ~ 19 µm, 11 µm ~ 20 µm, 11 µm ~ 21 µm, 11 µm ~ 22 µm, 11 µm ~ 23 µm, 11 µm ~ 24 µm, 11 µm ~ 2 5 μm . 12 μm ~25 µm, 13 µm ~ 14 µm, 13 µm ~ 15 µm, 13 µm ~ 16 µm, 13 µm ~ 17 µm, 13 µm ~ 18 µm, 13 µm ~ 19 µm, 13 µm ~ 20 µm, 13 µm ~ 21 µm, 13 µm ~ 22 µm, 13 µm ~ 23 µm, 13 µm ~ 24 µm, 13 µm ~ 2 5 μm . 15 μm ~17μm, 15μm~18μm, 15μm~19μm, 15μm~20μm, 15μm~21μm, 15μm~22μm, 15μm~23μm, 15μm~24μm, 15μm~25μm, 16μm~17μm, 16μm~18μm, 16μm~19μm, 16μm~2 0 μm . 17 μm ~25μm, 18μm~19μm, 18μm~20μm, 18μm~21μm, 18μm~22μm, 18μm~23μm, 18μm~24μm, 18μm~25μm, 19μm~20μm, 19μm~21μm, 19μm~22μm, 19μm~23μm, 19μm~2 4 μm , 19 μm to 25 μm, 20 μm to 21 μm, 20 μm to 22 μm, 20 μm to 23 μm, 20 μm to 24 μm, 20 μm to 25 μm, 21 μm to 22 μm, 21 μm to 23 μm, 21 μm to 24 μm, 21 μm to 25 μm, 22 μm to 23 μm, 22 μm to 24 μm, 22 μm It can be ˜25 μm, 23 μm to 24 μm, 23 μm to 25 μm, or 24 μm to 25 μm.

Optionally, the plurality of particles is 100 nm to 50 μm or 500 nm to 10 μm or 100 nm to 1 μm, such as 100 nm to 200 nm, 100 nm to 300 nm, 100 nm to 400 nm, 100 nm to 500 nm, 100 nm to 600 nm, 100 nm to 700 nm, 100 nm to 800 nm. . 00nm ~700 nm, 300 nm ~ 800 nm, 300 nm ~ 900 nm, 300 nm ~ 1 μm, 400 nm ~ 500 nm, 400 nm ~ 600 nm, 400 nm ~ 700 nm, 400 nm ~ 800 nm, 400 nm ~ 900 nm, 400 nm ~ 1 μm, 500 nm ~ 600 nm, 500 nm ~ 700 nm, 500 nm ~ 800 nm or diameter. Optionally, the plurality of particles can have diameters between 500 nm and 50 μm.

The composition of the aluminum alloy for the above aluminum alloy products is optionally 0.1 wt% to 1.0 wt% iron (Fe), 0.05 wt% to 0.8 wt% silicon (Si), 0.2 wt% % to 2.0 wt% manganese (Mn), 0.2 wt% to 2.0 wt% magnesium (Mg), up to 0.5 wt% copper (Cu), up to 0.05 wt% zinc (Zn), and It may contain aluminum (Al). The composition of aluminum alloys for the above aluminum alloy products may contain up to 0.15 wt% of impurities. Optionally, the remainder can be aluminum. Optionally, the composition of the aluminum alloy for the above aluminum alloy product is 0.2 wt% to 0.8 wt% iron, 0.10 wt% to 0.7 wt% silicon, 0.6 wt% to 1.0 wt% manganese, 0.7 wt% to 1.0 wt% magnesium, max 0.25 wt% copper, max 0.2 wt% zinc, max 0.10 wt% titanium (Ti), max 0.10 wt% chromium ( Cr), up to 0.10 wt% zirconium (Zr), up to 0.10 wt% vanadium (V), and aluminum. Optionally, the composition of the aluminum alloy for the above aluminum alloy product is 0.3 wt% to 0.7 wt% iron, 0.15 wt% to 0.5 wt% silicon, 0.8 wt% to 1.2 wt% manganese, 0.9 wt% to 1.2 wt% magnesium, 0.1 wt% to 0.2 wt% copper, max 0.15 wt% zinc, max 0.08 wt% titanium, max 0.05 wt% chromium , up to 0.05 wt% zirconium, up to 0.05 wt% vanadium, and aluminum.

In some embodiments, the aluminum alloy can include a 3xxx series aluminum alloy. In such embodiments, the aluminum alloy optionally comprises 0.8 wt% to 1.4 wt% magnesium, 0.8 wt% to 1.3 wt% manganese, up to 0.25 wt% copper, 0.25 wt% % to 0.7 wt% iron, up to 0.7 wt%, and up to 0.25 wt% zinc. The remainder can be aluminum.

The aluminum alloy for the above aluminum alloy products optionally contains 0.5% to 4.0% by volume of the aluminum alloy, eg, 0.5-1.0, 0.5-1.5, 0.5-1.0, 0.5-1.5, 0.5-1. 5-2.0, 0.5-2.5, 0.5-3.0, 0.5-3.5, 1.0-1.5, 1.0-2.0, 1.0- 2.5, 1.0-3.0, 1.0-3.5, 1.0-4.0, 1.5-2.0, 1.5-2.5, 1.5-3. 0, 1.5-3.5, 1.5-4.0, 2.0-2.5, 2.0-3.0, 2.0-3.5, 2.0-4.0, 2.5 to 3.0, 2.5 to 3.5, 2.5 to 4.0, 3.0 to 3.5, 3.0 to 4.0, or 3.5 to 4.0% by volume may contain α-phase intermetallic particles that constitute The aluminum alloy for the above aluminum alloy product contains 0% to 2.0% by volume of the aluminum alloy, for example, 0 to 0.5, 0 to 1.0, 0 to 1.5, 0.5 to 1.0% by volume. 0, 0.5 to 1.5, 0.5 to 2.0, 1.0 to 1.5, 1.0 to 2.0, or 1.5 to 2.0 volume percent of beta-phase metal It may contain interstitial particles. Optionally, the aluminum alloy for the aluminum alloy product described above may contain α-phase intermetallic particles comprising Al ₁₅ (Fe, Mn) ₃ Si ₂ . Optionally, the aluminum alloy for the aluminum alloy product described above may contain β-phase intermetallic particles comprising Al ₆ (Fe, Mn).

Optionally, the aluminum alloy for the above aluminum alloy product has a ratio of alpha phase intermetallic particle number density to beta phase intermetallic particle number density of 0.2 to 1,000, or 0.6 to 1,000 000 volume percent alpha phase intermetallic particles to volume percent beta phase intermetallic particles.

Optionally, the aluminum alloy for the above aluminum alloy product is 0.3-3, such as 0.3-0.4, 0.3-0.5, 0.3-0.6, 0.3 ~0.7, 0.3-0.8, 0.3-0.9, 0.3-1.0, 0.3-1.1, 0.3-1.2, 0.3-1 .3, 0.3-1.4, 0.3-1.5, 0.3-1.6, 0.3-1.7, 0.3-1.8, 0.3-1.9 , 0.3-2.0, 0.3-2.1, 0.3-2.2, 0.3-2.3, 0.3-2.4, 0.3-2.5, 0 .3-2.6, 0.3-2.7, 0.3-2.8, 0.3-2.9, 0.4-0.5, 0.4-0.6, 0.4 ~0.7, 0.4-0.8, 0.4-0.9, 0.4-1.0, 0.4-1.1, 0.4-1.2, 0.4-1 .3, 0.4-1.4, 0.4-1.5, 0.4-1.6, 0.4-1.7, 0.4-1.8, 0.4-1.9 , 0.4-2.0, 0.4-2.1, 0.4-2.2, 0.4-2.3, 0.4-2.4, 0.4-2.5, 0 .4-2.6, 0.4-2.7, 0.4-2.8, 0.4-2.9, 0.4-3, 0.5-0.6, 0.5-0 .7, 0.5-0.8, 0.5-0.9, 0.5-1.0, 0.5-1.1, 0.5-1.2, 0.5-1.3 , 0.5-1.4, 0.5-1.5, 0.5-1.6, 0.5-1.7, 0.5-1.8, 0.5-1.9, 0 .5-2.0, 0.5-2.1, 0.5-2.2, 0.5-2.3, 0.5-2.4, 0.5-2.5, 0.5 ~2.6, 0.5-2.7, 0.5-2.8, 0.5-2.9, 0.5-3, 0.6-0.7, 0.6-0.8 , 0.6-0.9, 0.6-1.0, 0.6-1.1, 0.6-1.2, 0.6-1.3, 0.6-1.4, 0 .6-1.5, 0.6-1.6, 0.6-1.7, 0.6-1.8, 0.6-1.9, 0.6-2.0, 0.6 ~2.1, 0.6-2.2, 0.6-2.3, 0.6-2.4, 0.6-2.5, 0.6-2.6, 0.6-2 .7, 0.6-2.8, 0.6-2.9, 0.6-3, 0.7-0.8, 0.7-0.9, 0.7-1.0, 0 .7-1.1, 0.7-1.2, 0.7-1.3, 0.7-1.4, 0.7-1.5, 0.7-1.6, 0.7 ~1.7, 0.7-1.8, 0.7-1.9, 0.7-2.0, 0.7-2.1, 0.7-2.2, 0.7-2 .3, 0.7-2.4, 0.7-2.5, 0.7-2.6, 0.7-2.7, 0.7-2.8, 0.7-2.9 , 0.7-3, 0.8-0.9, 0.8-1.0, 0.8-1.1, 0.8-1.2, 0.8-1.3, 0.8 ~1.4, 0.8-1.5, 0.8-1.6, 0.8-1.7, 0.8-1.8, 0.8-1.9, 0.8-2 .0, 0.8-2.1, 0.8-2.2, 0.8-2.3, 0.8-2.4, 0.8-2.5, 0.8-2.6 , 0.8-2.7, 0.8-2.8, 0.8-2.9, 0.8-3, 0.9-1.0, 0.9-1.1, 0.9 ~1.2, 0.9-1.3, 0.9-1.4, 0.9-1.5, 0.9-1.6, 0.9-1.7, 0.9-1 .8, 0.9-1.9, 0.9-2.0, 0.9-2.1, 0.9-2.2, 0.9-2.3, 0.9-2.4 , 0.9-2.5, 0.9-2.6, 0.9-2.7, 0.9-2.8, 0.9-2.9, 0.9-3, 1.0 ~1.1, 1.0-1.2, 1.0-1.3, 1.0-1.4, 1.0-1.5, 1.0-1.6, 1.0-1 .7, 1.0-1.8, 1.0-1.9, 1.0-2.0, 1.0-2.1, 1.0-2.2, 1.0-2.3 , 1.0-2.4, 1.0-2.5, 1.0-2.6, 1.0-2.7, 1.0-2.8, 1.0-2.9, 1 .0-3, 1.1-1.2, 1.1-1.3, 1.1-1.4, 1.1-1.5, 1.1-1.6, 1.1-1 .7, 1.1-1.8, 1.1-1.9, 1.1-2.0, 1.1-2.1, 1.1-2.2, 1.1-2.3 , 1.1-2.4, 1.1-2.5, 1.1-2.6, 1.1-2.7, 1.1-2.8, 1.1-2.9, 1 .1-3, 1.2-1.3, 1.2-1.4, 1.2-1.5, 1.2-1.6, 1.2-1.7, 1.2-1 .8, 1.2-1.9, 1.2-2.0, 1.2-2.1, 1.2-2.2, 1.2-2.3, 1.2-2.4 , 1.2-2.5, 1.2-2.6, 1.2-2.7, 1.2-2.8, 1.2-2.9, 1.2-3, 1.3 ~1.4, 1.3-1.5, 1.3-1.6, 1.3-1.7, 1.3-1.8, 1.3-1.9, 1.3-2 .0, 1.3-2.1, 1.3-2.2, 1.3-2.3, 1.3-2.4, 1.3-2.5, 1.3-2.6 , 1.3-2.7, 1.3-2.8, 1.3-2.9, 1.3-3, 1.4-1.5, 1.4-1.6, 1.4 ~1.7, 1.4-1.8, 1.4-1.9, 1.4-2.0, 1.4-2.1, 1.4-2.2, 1.4-2 .3, 1.4-2.4, 1.4-2.5, 1.4-2.6, 1.4-2.7, 1.4-2.8, 1.4-2.9 , 1.4-3, 1.5-1.6, 1.5-1.7, 1.5-1.8, 1.5-1.9, 1.5-2.0, 1.5 ~2.1, 1.5-2.2, 1.5-2.3, 1.5-2.4, 1.5-2.5, 1.5-2.6, 1.5-2 .7, 1.5-2.8, 1.5-2.9, 1.5-3, 1.6-1.7, 1.6-1.8, 1.6-1.9, 1 .6-2.0, 1.6-2.1, 1.6-2.2, 1.6-2.3, 1.6-2.4, 1.6-2.5, 1.6 ~2.6, 1.6-2.7, 1.6-2.8, 1.6-2.9, 1.6-3, 1.7-1.8, 1.7-1.9 , 1.7-2.0, 1.7-2.1, 1.7-2.2, 1.7-2.3, 1.7-2.4, 1.7-2.5, 1 .7-2.6, 1.7-2.7, 1.7-2.8, 1.7-2.9, 1.7-3, 1.8-1.9, 1.8-2 .0, 1.8-2.1, 1.8-2.2, 1.8-2.3, 1.8-2.4, 1.8-2.5, 1.8-2.6 , 1.8-2.7, 1.8-2.8, 1.8-2.9, 1.8-3, 1.9-2.0, 1.9-2.1, 1.9 ~2.2, 1.9-2.3, 1.9-2.4, 1.9-2.5, 1.9-2.6, 1.9-2.7, 1.9-2 .8, 1.9-2.9, 1.9-3, 2.0-2.1, 2.0-2.2, 2.0-2.3, 2.0-2.4, 2 .0-2.5, 2.0-2.6, 2.0-2.7, 2.0-2.8, 2.0-2.9, 2.0-3, 2.1-2 .2, 2.1-2.3, 2.1-2.4, 2.1-2.5, 2.1-2.6, 2.1-2.7, 2.1-2.8 , 2.1-2.9, 2.1-3, 2.2-2.3, 2.2-2.4, 2.2-2.5, 2.2-2.6, 2.2 ~2.7, 2.2-2.8, 2.2-2.9, 2.2-3, 2.3-2.4, 2.3-2.5, 2.3-2.6 , 2.3-2.7, 2.3-2.8, 2.3-2.9, 2.3-3, 2.4-2.5, 2.4-2.6, 2.4 ~2.7, 2.4-2.8, 2.4-2.9, 2.4-3, 2.5-2.6, 2.5-2.6, 2.5-2.7 , 2.5-2.8, 2.5-2.9, 2.5-3, 2.6-2.7, 2.6-2.8, 2.6-2.9, 2.6 β-phase metal that is ~3, 2.7-2.8, 2.7-2.9, 2.7-3, 2.8-2.9, 2.8-3, or 2.9-3 It can include the ratio of the number density of alpha phase intermetallic particles to the number density of intermetallic particles.

Optionally, the aluminum alloy product described above may comprise a plurality of particles, wherein 80 percent or more of the interparticle spacing between particles is between 5 μm and 15 μm. Optionally, the plurality of particles can comprise iron-containing particles, such as iron-containing particles with a majority having a diameter of 1 μm to 40 μm. Optionally, iron-containing particles may constitute 1% to 4% of the total volume of the aluminum alloy.

Optionally, the aluminum alloy for the aluminum alloy product described above may or further comprise manganese-containing dispersoids, such as a majority of the manganese-containing dispersoids having diameters between 10 nm and 1.5 μm. Optionally, manganese-containing dispersoids may constitute up to 1% of the total volume of the aluminum alloy. In some cases, dispersoids are not included in counting other types of particles, such as alpha-phase particles and/or beta-phase particles, and/or can optionally be counted separately from other types of particles.

Metal products such as aluminum alloy products are also described herein. In some embodiments, the metal product can be prepared by any method described herein. In some particular embodiments, the metal product comprises a homogenized 3xxx series aluminum alloy, which contains aluminum, iron, magnesium, manganese, and silicon at a homogenization of, for example, 0.5 to 1.0. Alpha phase intermetallic particles comprising aluminum, silicon and one or more of iron or manganese in a ratio of wt% silicon in a homogenized 3xxx series aluminum alloy to wt% iron in the 3xxx series aluminum alloy , and optionally β-phase intermetallic particles comprising aluminum and one or more of iron or manganese, wherein during homogenization of the homogenized 3xxx series aluminum alloy, α-phase corresponding to the β-phase intermetallic particles At least a portion of the intermetallic particles have been converted. Optionally, the ratio of volume % and/or number density of alpha phase intermetallic particles to volume % or number density of beta phase intermetallic particles is 0.6 to 1000 or more.

In another aspect, a method of making an aluminum alloy product is described. An exemplary method of this embodiment includes preparing a cast aluminum alloy product comprising an aluminum alloy, such as an aluminum alloy comprising aluminum, iron, magnesium, manganese, and silicon; and homogenizing the aluminum alloy product. A variety of homogenization conditions are useful in the methods described herein. Optionally, the homogenization includes heating the cast aluminum alloy product to a homogenization temperature, such as 500°C to 650°C, such as 500°C to 510°C, 500°C to 520°C, 500°C to 530°C, 500°C to 540°C. , 500-550°C, 500-560°C, 500-570°C, 500-575°C, 500-580°C, 500-585°C, 500-590°C, 500-600°C, 500 ℃～610℃, 500℃～615℃, 500℃～620℃, 500℃～630℃, 500℃～640℃, 510℃～520℃, 510℃～530℃, 510℃～540℃, 510℃～ 550°C, 510°C - 560°C, 510°C - 570°C, 510°C - 575°C, 510°C - 580°C, 510°C - 585°C, 510°C - 590°C, 510°C - 600°C, 510°C - 610°C , 510-615°C, 510-620°C, 510-630°C, 510-640°C, 510-650°C, 520-530°C, 520-540°C, 520-550°C, 520 ℃～560℃, 520℃～570℃, 520℃～575℃, 520℃～580℃, 520℃～585℃, 520℃～590℃, 520℃～600℃, 520℃～610℃, 520℃～ 615°C, 520°C - 620°C, 520°C - 630°C, 520°C - 640°C, 520°C - 650°C, 530°C - 540°C, 530°C - 550°C, 530°C - 560°C, 530°C - 570°C , 530°C-575°C, 530°C-580°C, 530°C-585°C, 530°C-590°C, 530°C-600°C, 530°C-610°C, 530°C-615°C, 530°C-620°C, 530°C ℃～630℃, 530℃～640℃, 530℃～650℃, 540℃～550℃, 540℃～560℃, 540℃～570℃, 540℃～575℃, 540℃～580℃, 540℃～ 585°C, 540°C - 590°C, 540°C - 600°C, 540°C - 610°C, 540°C - 615°C, 540°C - 620°C, 540°C - 630°C, 540°C - 640°C, 540°C - 650°C , 550-560°C, 550-570°C, 550-575°C, 550-580°C, 550-585°C, 550-590°C, 550-600°C, 550-610°C, 550 ℃～615℃, 550℃～620℃, 550℃～630℃, 550℃～640℃, 550℃～650℃, 560℃～570℃, 560℃～575℃, 560℃～580℃, 560℃～ 585°C, 560°C - 590°C, 560°C - 600°C, 560°C - 610°C, 560°C - 615°C, 560°C - 620°C, 560°C - 630°C, 560°C - 640°C, 560°C - 650°C , 570-575°C, 570-580°C, 570-585°C, 570-590°C, 570-600°C, 570-610°C, 570-615°C, 570-620°C, 570 ℃～630℃, 570℃～640℃, 570℃～650℃, 575℃～580℃, 575℃～585℃, 575℃～590℃, 575℃～600℃, 575℃～610℃, 575℃～ 615°C, 575°C to 620°C, 575°C to 630°C, 575°C to 640°C, 575°C to 650°C, 580°C to 585°C, 580°C to 590°C, 580°C to 600°C, 580°C to 610°C , 580-615°C, 580-620°C, 580-630°C, 580-640°C, 580-650°C, 585-590°C, 585-600°C, 585-610°C, 585 ℃～615℃, 585℃～620℃, 585℃～630℃, 585℃～640℃, 585℃～650℃, 590℃～600℃, 590℃～610℃, 590℃～615℃, 590℃～ 620°C, 590°C to 630°C, 590°C to 640°C, 590°C to 650°C, 600°C to 610°C, 600°C to 615°C, 600°C to 620°C, 600°C to 630°C, 600°C to 640°C , 600-650°C, 610-615°C, 610-620°C, 610-630°C, 610-640°C, 610-650°C, 615-620°C, 615-630°C, 615 ° C to 640 ° C, 615 ° C to 650 ° C, 620 ° C to 630 ° C, 620 ° C to 640 ° C, 620 ° C to 650 ° C, 630 ° C to 640 ° C, 630 ° C to 650 ° C, or 640 ° C to 650 ° C heating to a curing temperature. The homogenization temperature is optionally within 75°C of the solidus temperature of the aluminum alloy, such as within 70°C of the solidus temperature of the aluminum alloy, within 65°C of the solidus temperature of the aluminum alloy, Within 60°C of solidus temperature, within 55°C of solidus temperature of aluminum alloy, within 50°C of solidus temperature of aluminum alloy, within 45°C of solidus temperature of aluminum alloy, solid phase of aluminum alloy Within 40°C of linear temperature, within 35°C of solidus temperature of aluminum alloy, within 30°C of solidus temperature of aluminum alloy, within 25°C of solidus temperature of aluminum alloy, solidus temperature of aluminum alloy within 20°C of the solidus temperature of the aluminum alloy, within 10°C of the solidus temperature of the aluminum alloy, or within 5°C of the solidus temperature of the aluminum alloy.

During soaking, the cast aluminum alloy product is optionally soaked for 0.1 hours to 36 hours or 12 hours to 36 hours, such as 0.1 hours to 0.5 hours, 0.1 hours to 1 hour, 0.1 hour to 1 hour. 1 hour to 1.5 hours, 0.1 hours to 2 hours, 0.1 hours to 2.5 hours, 0.1 hours to 3 hours, 0.1 hours to 3.5 hours, 0.1 hours to 4 hours hours, 0.1-4.5 hours, 0.1-5 hours, 0.1-5.5 hours, 0.1-6 hours, 0.1-6.5 hours, 0.1-6 hours 1 to 7 hours, 0.1 to 7.5 hours, 0.1 to 8 hours, 0.1 to 8.5 hours, 0.1 to 9 hours, 0.1 to 9.5 hours hours, 0.1 hours to 10 hours, 0.1 hours to 10.5 hours, 0.1 hours to 11 hours, 0.1 hours to 11.5 hours, 0.1 hours to 12 hours, 0.1 hours ~12.5 hours, 0.1 hours to 13 hours, 0.1 hours to 13.5 hours, 0.1 hours to 14 hours, 0.1 hours to 14.5 hours, 0.1 hours to 15 hours, 0.1 hours to 15.5 hours, 0.1 hours to 16 hours, 0.1 hours to 16.5 hours, 0.1 hours to 17 hours, 0.1 hours to 17.5 hours, 0.1 hours ~18 hours, 0.1 hours to 18.5 hours, 0.1 hours to 19 hours, 0.1 hours to 19.5 hours, 0.1 hours to 20 hours, 0.1 hours to 20.5 hours, 0.1 to 21 hours, 0.1 to 21.5 hours, 0.1 to 22 hours, 0.1 to 22.5 hours, 0.1 to 23 hours, 0.1 to 23 hours .5 hours, 0.1 hours to 24 hours, 0.1 hours to 25 hours, 0.1 hours to 26 hours, 0.1 hours to 27 hours, 0.1 hours to 28 hours, 0.1 hours to 29 hours hours, 0.1 hours to 30 hours, 0.1 hours to 31 hours, 0.1 hours to 32 hours, 0.1 hours to 33 hours, 0.1 hours to 34 hours, 0.1 hours to 35 hours, 0.1 to 36 hours, 0.5 to 1 hour, 0.5 to 1.5 hours, 0.5 to 2 hours, 0.5 to 2.5 hours, 0.5 to 3 hours hours, 0.5 hours to 3.5 hours, 0.5 hours to 4 hours, 0.5 hours to 4.5 hours, 0.5 hours to 5 hours, 0.5 hours to 5.5 hours, 0.5 hours to 4.5 hours 5 hours to 6 hours, 0.5 hours to 6.5 hours, 0.5 hours to 7 hours, 0.5 hours to 7.5 hours, 0.5 hours to 8 hours, 0.5 hours to 8.5 hours hours, 0.5 hours to 9 hours, 0.5 hours to 9.5 hours, 0.5 hours to 10 hours, 0.5 hours to 10.5 hours, 0.5 hours to 11 hours, 0.5 hours ~11.5 hours, 0.5 hours to 12 hours, 0.5 hours to 12.5 hours, 0.5 hours to 13 hours, 0.5 hours to 13.5 hours, 0.5 hours to 14 hours, 0.5 hours to 14.5 hours, 0.5 hours to 15 hours, 0.5 hours to 15.5 hours, 0.5 hours to 16 hours, 0.5 hours to 16.5 hours, 0.5 hours ~17 hours, 0.5 hours to 17.5 hours, 0.5 hours to 18 hours, 0.5 hours to 18.5 hours, 0.5 hours to 19 hours, 0.5 hours to 19.5 hours, 0.5 hours to 20 hours, 0.5 hours to 20.5 hours, 0.5 hours to 21 hours, 0.5 hours to 21.5 hours, 0.5 hours to 22 hours, 0.5 hours to 22 hours .5 hours, 0.5 hours to 23 hours, 0.5 hours to 23.5 hours, 0.5 hours to 24 hours, 0.5 hours to 25 hours, 0.5 hours to 26 hours, 0.5 hours ~27 hours, 0.5 hours to 28 hours, 0.5 hours to 29 hours, 0.5 hours to 30 hours, 0.5 hours to 31 hours, 0.5 hours to 32 hours, 0.5 hours to 33 hours hours, 0.5 hours to 34 hours, 0.5 hours to 35 hours, 0.5 hours to 36 hours, 1 hour to 1.5 hours, 1 hour to 2 hours, 1 hour to 2.5 hours, 1 hour ~3 hours, 1~3.5 hours, 1~4 hours, 1~4.5 hours, 1~5 hours, 1~5.5 hours, 1~6 hours, 1~6 hours .5 hours, 1 hour to 7 hours, 1 hour to 7.5 hours, 1 hour to 8 hours, 1 hour to 8.5 hours, 1 hour to 9 hours, 1 hour to 9.5 hours, 1 hour to 10 hours Time, 1 hour to 10.5 hours, 1 hour to 11 hours, 1 hour to 11.5 hours, 1 hour to 12 hours, 1 hour to 12.5 hours, 1 hour to 13 hours, 1 hour to 13.5 hours time, 1 hour to 14 hours, 1 hour to 14.5 hours, 1 hour to 15 hours, 1 hour to 15.5 hours, 1 hour to 16 hours, 1 hour to 16.5 hours, 1 hour to 17 hours, 1 hour to 17.5 hours, 1 hour to 18 hours, 1 hour to 18.5 hours, 1 hour to 19 hours, 1 hour to 19.5 hours, 1 hour to 20 hours, 1 hour to 20.5 hours, 1 hour to 21 hours, 1 hour to 21.5 hours, 1 hour to 22 hours, 1 hour to 22.5 hours, 1 hour to 23 hours, 1 hour to 23.5 hours, 1 hour to 24 hours, 1 hour ~25 hours, 1~26 hours, 1~27 hours, 1~28 hours, 1~29 hours, 1~30 hours, 1~31 hours, 1~32 hours, 1~33 hours Time, 1 hour to 34 hours, 1 hour to 35 hours, 1 hour to 36 hours, 1.5 hours to 2 hours, 1.5 hours to 2.5 hours, 1.5 hours to 3 hours, 1.5 hours ~3.5 hours, 1.5 hours to 4 hours, 1.5 hours to 4.5 hours, 1.5 hours to 5 hours, 1.5 hours to 5.5 hours, 1.5 hours to 6 hours, 1.5 hours - 6.5 hours, 1.5 hours - 7 hours, 1.5 hours - 7.5 hours, 1.5 hours - 8 hours, 1.5 hours - 8.5 hours, 1.5 hours ~9 hours, 1.5 hours to 9.5 hours, 1.5 hours to 10 hours, 1.5 hours to 10.5 hours, 1.5 hours to 11 hours, 1.5 hours to 11.5 hours, 1.5 hours to 12 hours, 1.5 hours to 12.5 hours, 1.5 hours to 13 hours, 1.5 hours to 13.5 hours, 1.5 hours to 14 hours, 1.5 hours to 14 hours .5 hours, 1.5 hours to 15 hours, 1.5 hours to 15.5 hours, 1.5 hours to 16 hours, 1.5 hours to 16.5 hours, 1.5 hours to 17 hours; 5 hours to 17.5 hours, 1.5 hours to 18 hours, 1.5 hours to 18.5 hours, 1.5 hours to 19 hours, 1.5 hours to 19.5 hours, 1.5 hours to 20 hours time, 1.5 hours to 20.5 hours, 1.5 hours to 21 hours, 1.5 hours to 21.5 hours, 1.5 hours to 22 hours, 1.5 hours to 22.5 hours; 5 hours to 23 hours, 1.5 hours to 23.5 hours, 1.5 hours to 24 hours, 1.5 hours to 25 hours, 1.5 hours to 26 hours, 1.5 hours to 27 hours,1. 5 hours to 28 hours, 1.5 hours to 29 hours, 1.5 hours to 30 hours, 1.5 hours to 31 hours, 1.5 hours to 32 hours, 1.5 hours to 33 hours, 1.5 hours ~34 hours, 1.5 hours to 35 hours, 1.5 hours to 36 hours, 2 hours to 2.5 hours, 2 hours to 3 hours, 2 hours to 3.5 hours, 2 hours to 4 hours, 2 hours ~4.5 hours, 2~5 hours, 2~5.5 hours, 2~6 hours, 2~6.5 hours, 2~7 hours, 2~7.5 hours, 2 hours ~ 8 hours, 2 hours ~ 8.5 hours, 2 hours ~ 9 hours, 2 hours ~ 9.5 hours, 2 hours ~ 10 hours, 2 hours ~ 10.5 hours, 2 hours ~ 11 hours, 2 hours ~ 11 hours .5 hours, 2 hours to 12 hours, 2 hours to 12.5 hours, 2 hours to 13 hours, 2 hours to 13.5 hours, 2 hours to 14 hours, 2 hours to 14.5 hours, 2 hours to 15 hours hours, 2 hours to 15.5 hours, 2 hours to 16 hours, 2 hours to 16.5 hours, 2 hours to 17 hours, 2 hours to 17.5 hours, 2 hours to 18 hours, 2 hours to 18.5 hours hours, 2 hours to 19 hours, 2 hours to 19.5 hours, 2 hours to 20 hours, 2 hours to 20.5 hours, 2 hours to 21 hours, 2 hours to 21.5 hours, 2 hours to 22 hours, 2 hours to 22.5 hours, 2 hours to 23 hours, 2 hours to 23.5 hours, 2 hours to 24 hours, 2 hours to 25 hours, 2 hours to 26 hours, 2 hours to 27 hours, 2 hours to 28 hours hours, 2 hours to 29 hours, 2 hours to 30 hours, 2 hours to 31 hours, 2 hours to 32 hours, 2 hours to 33 hours, 2 hours to 34 hours, 2 hours to 35 hours, 2 hours to 36 hours, 2.5 hours to 3 hours, 2.5 hours to 3.5 hours, 2.5 hours to 4 hours, 2.5 hours to 4.5 hours, 2.5 hours to 5 hours, 2.5 hours to 5 hours .5 hours, 2.5 hours to 6 hours, 2.5 hours to 6.5 hours, 2.5 hours to 7 hours, 2.5 hours to 7.5 hours, 2.5 hours to 8 hours; 5 hours to 8.5 hours, 2.5 hours to 9 hours, 2.5 hours to 9.5 hours, 2.5 hours to 10 hours, 2.5 hours to 10.5 hours, 2.5 hours to 11 hours hours, 2.5 hours to 11.5 hours, 2.5 hours to 12 hours, 2.5 hours to 12.5 hours, 2.5 hours to 13 hours, 2.5 hours to 13.5 hours; 5 hours to 14 hours, 2.5 hours to 14.5 hours, 2.5 hours to 15 hours, 2.5 hours to 15.5 hours, 2.5 hours to 16 hours, 2.5 hours to 16.5 hours hours, 2.5 hours to 17 hours, 2.5 hours to 17.5 hours, 2.5 hours to 18 hours, 2.5 hours to 18.5 hours, 2.5 hours to 19 hours, 2.5 hours ~19.5 hours, 2.5 hours to 20 hours, 2.5 hours to 20.5 hours, 2.5 hours to 21 hours, 2.5 hours to 21.5 hours, 2.5 hours to 22 hours, 2.5 hours to 22.5 hours, 2.5 hours to 23 hours, 2.5 hours to 23.5 hours, 2.5 hours to 24 hours, 2.5 hours to 25 hours, 2.5 hours to 26 hours hours, 2.5 hours to 27 hours, 2.5 hours to 28 hours, 2.5 hours to 29 hours, 2.5 hours to 30 hours, 2.5 hours to 31 hours, 2.5 hours to 32 hours, 2.5 hours to 33 hours, 2.5 hours to 34 hours, 2.5 hours to 35 hours, 2.5 hours to 36 hours, 3 hours to 3.5 hours, 3 hours to 4 hours, 3 hours to 4 hours .5 hours, 3 hours to 5 hours, 3 hours to 5.5 hours, 3 hours to 6 hours, 3 hours to 6.5 hours, 3 hours to 7 hours, 3 hours to 7.5 hours, 3 hours to 8 hours hours, 3 hours to 8.5 hours, 3 hours to 9 hours, 3 hours to 9.5 hours, 3 hours to 10 hours, 3 hours to 10.5 hours, 3 hours to 11 hours, 3 hours to 11.5 hours hours, 3 hours to 12 hours, 3 hours to 12.5 hours, 3 hours to 13 hours, 3 hours to 13.5 hours, 3 hours to 14 hours, 3 hours to 14.5 hours, 3 hours to 15 hours, 3 hours to 15.5 hours, 3 hours to 16 hours, 3 hours to 16.5 hours, 3 hours to 17 hours, 3 hours to 17.5 hours, 3 hours to 18 hours, 3 hours to 18.5 hours, 3 hours to 19 hours, 3 hours to 19.5 hours, 3 hours to 20 hours, 3 hours to 20.5 hours, 3 hours to 21 hours, 3 hours to 21.5 hours, 3 hours to 22 hours, 3 hours ~22.5 hours, 3 hours to 23 hours, 3 hours to 23.5 hours, 3 hours to 24 hours, 3 hours to 25 hours, 3 hours to 26 hours, 3 hours to 27 hours, 3 hours to 28 hours, 3 hours to 29 hours, 3 hours to 30 hours, 3 hours to 31 hours, 3 hours to 32 hours, 3 hours to 33 hours, 3 hours to 34 hours, 3 hours to 35 hours, 3 hours to 36 hours; 5 hours to 4 hours, 3.5 hours to 4.5 hours, 3.5 hours to 5 hours, 3.5 hours to 5.5 hours, 3.5 hours to 6 hours, 3.5 hours to 6.5 hours hours, 3.5 hours to 7 hours, 3.5 hours to 7.5 hours, 3.5 hours to 8 hours, 3.5 hours to 8.5 hours, 3.5 hours to 9 hours, 3.5 hours ~9.5 hours, 3.5 hours ~ 10 hours, 3.5 hours ~ 10.5 hours, 3.5 hours ~ 11 hours, 3.5 hours ~ 11.5 hours, 3.5 hours ~ 12 hours, 3.5 hours to 12.5 hours, 3.5 hours to 13 hours, 3.5 hours to 13.5 hours, 3.5 hours to 14 hours, 3.5 hours to 14.5 hours, 3.5 hours ~15 hours, 3.5 hours to 15.5 hours, 3.5 hours to 16 hours, 3.5 hours to 16.5 hours, 3.5 hours to 17 hours, 3.5 hours to 17.5 hours, 3.5 hours to 18 hours, 3.5 hours to 18.5 hours, 3.5 hours to 19 hours, 3.5 hours to 19.5 hours, 3.5 hours to 20 hours, 3.5 hours to 20 hours 3.5 hours, 3.5 hours to 21 hours, 3.5 hours to 21.5 hours, 3.5 hours to 22 hours, 3.5 hours to 22.5 hours, 3.5 hours to 23 hours; 3.5 hours to 23.5 hours, 3.5 hours to 24 hours, 3.5 hours to 25 hours, 3.5 hours to 26 hours, 3.5 hours to 27 hours, 3.5 hours to 28 hours; 5 hours to 29 hours, 3.5 hours to 30 hours, 3.5 hours to 31 hours, 3.5 hours to 32 hours, 3.5 hours to 33 hours, 3.5 hours to 34 hours, 3.5 hours ~35 hours, 3.5 hours to 36 hours, 4 hours to 4.5 hours, 4 hours to 5 hours, 4 hours to 5.5 hours, 4 hours to 6 hours, 4 hours to 6.5 hours, 4 hours ~ 7 hours, 4 hours ~ 7.5 hours, 4 hours ~ 8 hours, 4 hours ~ 8.5 hours, 4 hours ~ 9 hours, 4 hours ~ 9.5 hours, 4 hours ~ 10 hours, 4 hours ~ 10 hours .5 hours, 4 hours to 11 hours, 4 hours to 11.5 hours, 4 hours to 12 hours, 4 hours to 12.5 hours, 4 hours to 13 hours, 4 hours to 13.5 hours, 4 hours to 14 hours hours, 4 hours to 14.5 hours, 4
hours ~ 15 hours, 4 hours ~ 15.5 hours, 4 hours ~ 16 hours, 4 hours ~ 16.5 hours, 4 hours ~ 17 hours, 4 hours ~ 17.5 hours, 4 hours ~ 18 hours, 4 hours ~ 18.5 hours, 4 hours - 19 hours, 4 hours - 19.5 hours, 4 hours - 20 hours, 4 hours - 20.5 hours, 4 hours - 21 hours, 4 hours - 21.5 hours, 4 hours - 22 hours, 4 hours to 22.5 hours, 4 hours to 23 hours, 4 hours to 23.5 hours, 4 hours to 24 hours, 4 hours to 25 hours, 4 hours to 26 hours, 4 hours to 27 hours, 4 Hours ~ 28 hours, 4 hours ~ 29 hours, 4 hours ~ 30 hours, 4 hours ~ 31 hours, 4 hours ~ 32 hours, 4 hours ~ 33 hours, 4 hours ~ 34 hours, 4 hours ~ 35 hours, 4 hours ~ 36 hours, 4.5 hours to 5 hours, 4.5 hours to 5.5 hours, 4.5 hours to 6 hours, 4.5 hours to 6.5 hours, 4.5 hours to 7 hours, 4.5 hours ~ 7.5 hours, 4.5 hours ~ 8 hours, 4.5 hours ~ 8.5 hours, 4.5 hours ~ 9 hours, 4.5 hours ~ 9.5 hours, 4.5 hours ~ 10 hours , 4.5 hours to 10.5 hours, 4.5 hours to 11 hours, 4.5 hours to 11.5 hours, 4.5 hours to 12 hours, 4.5 hours to 12.5 hours, 4.5 hours ~ 13 hours, 4.5 hours ~ 13.5 hours, 4.5 hours ~ 14 hours, 4.5 hours ~ 14.5 hours, 4.5 hours ~ 15 hours, 4.5 hours ~ 15.5 hours , 4.5 hours to 16 hours, 4.5 hours to 16.5 hours, 4.5 hours to 17 hours, 4.5 hours to 17.5 hours, 4.5 hours to 18 hours, 4.5 hours to 18.5 hours, 4.5 hours to 19 hours, 4.5 hours to 19.5 hours, 4.5 hours to 20 hours, 4.5 hours to 20.5 hours, 4.5 hours to 21 hours, 4 .5 hours - 21.5 hours, 4.5 hours - 22 hours, 4.5 hours - 22.5 hours, 4.5 hours - 23 hours, 4.5 hours - 23.5 hours, 4.5 hours - 24 hours, 4.5 hours to 25 hours, 4.5 hours to 26 hours, 4.5 hours to 27 hours, 4.5 hours to 28 hours, 4.5 hours to 29 hours, 4.5 hours to 30 hours , 4.5 hours to 31 hours, 4.5 hours to 32 hours, 4.5 hours to 33 hours, 4.5 hours to 34 hours, 4.5 hours to 35 hours, 4.5 hours to 36 hours, 5 hours ~ 5.5 hours, 5 hours ~ 6 hours, 5 hours ~ 6.5 hours, 5 hours ~ 7 hours, 5 hours ~ 7.5 hours, 5 hours ~ 8 hours, 5 hours ~ 8.5 hours, 5 hours ~ 9 hours, 5 hours ~ 9.5 hours, 5 hours ~ 10 hours, 5 hours ~ 10.5 hours, 5 hours ~ 11 hours, 5 hours ~ 11.5 hours, 5 hours ~ 12 hours, 5 hours ~ 12.5 hours, 5 hours - 13 hours, 5 hours - 13.5 hours, 5 hours - 14 hours, 5 hours - 14.5 hours, 5 hours - 15 hours, 5 hours - 15.5 hours, 5 hours - 16 hours, 5 hours to 16.5 hours, 5 hours to 17 hours, 5 hours to 17.5 hours, 5 hours to 18 hours, 5 hours to 18.5 hours, 5 hours to 19 hours, 5 hours to 19 hours. 5 hours, 5 hours to 20 hours, 5 hours to 20.5 hours, 5 hours to 21 hours, 5 hours to 21.5 hours, 5 hours to 22 hours, 5 hours to 22.5 hours, 5 hours to 23 hours , 5 hours to 23.5 hours, 5 hours to 24 hours, 5 hours to 25 hours, 5 hours to 26 hours, 5 hours to 27 hours, 5 hours to 28 hours, 5 hours to 29 hours, 5 hours to 30 hours , 5 hours - 31 hours, 5 hours - 32 hours, 5 hours - 33 hours, 5 hours - 34 hours, 5 hours - 35 hours, 5 hours - 36 hours, 5.5 hours - 6 hours, 5.5 hours - 6.5 hours, 5.5 hours to 7 hours, 5.5 hours to 7.5 hours, 5.5 hours to 8 hours, 5.5 hours to 8.5 hours, 5.5 hours to 9 hours, 5 .5 hours to 9.5 hours, 5.5 hours to 10 hours, 5.5 hours to 10.5 hours, 5.5 hours to 11 hours, 5.5 hours to 11.5 hours, 5.5 hours to 12 hours, 5.5 hours to 12.5 hours, 5.5 hours to 13 hours, 5.5 hours to 13.5 hours, 5.5 hours to 14 hours, 5.5 hours to 14.5 hours, 5 5 hours to 15 hours, 5.5 hours to 15.5 hours, 5.5 hours to 16 hours, 5.5 hours to 16.5 hours, 5.5 hours to 17 hours, 5.5 hours to 17 hours. 5 hours, 5.5 hours to 18 hours, 5.5 hours to 18.5 hours, 5.5 hours to 19 hours, 5.5 hours to 19.5 hours, 5.5 hours to 20 hours, 5.5 hours ~ 20.5 hours, 5.5 hours ~ 21 hours, 5.5 hours ~ 21.5 hours, 5.5 hours ~ 22 hours, 5.5 hours ~ 22.5 hours, 5.5 hours ~ 23 hours , 5.5 hours to 23.5 hours, 5.5 hours to 24 hours, 5.5 hours to 25 hours, 5.5 hours to 26 hours, 5.5 hours to 27 hours, 5.5 hours to 28 hours , 5.5 hours to 29 hours, 5.5 hours to 30 hours, 5.5 hours to 31 hours, 5.5 hours to 32 hours, 5.5 hours to 33 hours, 5.5 hours to 34 hours, 5 .5 hours to 35 hours, 5.5 hours to 36 hours, 6 hours to 6.5 hours, 6 hours to 7 hours, 6 hours to 7.5 hours, 6 hours to 8 hours, 6 hours to 8.5 hours , 6 to 9 hours, 6 to 9.5 hours, 6 to 10 hours, 6 to 10.5 hours, 6 to 11 hours, 6 to 11.5 hours, 6 to 12 hours, 6 hours ~ 12.5 hours, 6 hours ~ 13 hours, 6 hours ~ 13.5 hours, 6 hours ~ 14 hours, 6 hours ~ 14.5 hours, 6 hours ~ 15 hours, 6 hours ~ 15.5 hours, 6 Hours ~ 16 hours, 6 hours ~ 16.5 hours, 6 hours ~ 17 hours, 6 hours ~ 17.5 hours, 6 hours ~ 18 hours, 6 hours ~ 18.5 hours, 6 hours ~ 19 hours, 6 hours ~ 19.5 hours, 6 hours - 20 hours, 6 hours - 20.5 hours, 6 hours - 21 hours, 6 hours - 21.5 hours, 6 hours - 22 hours, 6 hours - 22.5 hours, 6 hours - 23 hours, 6 hours - 23.5 hours, 6 hours - 24 hours, 6 hours - 25 hours, 6 hours - 26 hours, 6 hours - 27 hours, 6 hours - 28 hours, 6 hours - 29 hours, 6 hours - 30 hours, 6 hours to 31 hours, 6 hours to 32 hours, 6 hours to 33 hours, 6 hours to 34 hours, 6 hours to 35 hours, 6 hours to 36 hours, 6.5 hours to 7 hours, 6.5 hours ~ 7.5 hours, 6.5 hours ~ 8 hours, 6.5 hours ~ 8.5 hours, 6.5 hours ~ 9 hours, 6.5 hours ~ 9.5 hours, 6.5 hours ~ 10 hours , 6.5 hours to 10.5 hours, 6.5 hours to 11 hours, 6.5 hours to 11.5 hours, 6.5 hours to 12 hours, 6.5 hours to 12.5 hours, 6.5 hours ~ 13 hours, 6.5 hours ~ 13.5 hours, 6.5 hours ~ 14 hours, 6.5 hours ~ 14.5 hours, 6.5 hours ~ 15 hours, 6.5 hours ~ 15.5 hours , 6.5 hours - 16 hours, 6.5 hours - 16.5 hours, 6.5 hours - 17 hours, 6.5 hours - 17.5 hours, 6.5 hours - 18 hours, 6.5 hours - 18.5 hours, 6.5 hours to 19 hours, 6.5 hours to 19.5 hours, 6.5 hours to 20 hours, 6.5 hours to 20.5 hours, 6.5 hours to 21 hours, 6 .5 hours - 21.5 hours, 6.5 hours - 22 hours, 6.5 hours - 22.5 hours, 6.5 hours - 23 hours, 6.5 hours - 23.5 hours, 6.5 hours - 24 hours, 6.5 hours to 25 hours, 6.5 hours to 26 hours, 6.5 hours to 27 hours, 6.5 hours to 28 hours, 6.5 hours to 29 hours, 6.5 hours to 30 hours , 6.5 hours to 31 hours, 6.5 hours to 32 hours, 6.5 hours to 33 hours, 6.5 hours to 34 hours, 6.5 hours to 35 hours, 6.5 hours to 36 hours, 7 hours ~ 7.5 hours, 7 hours ~ 8 hours, 7 hours ~ 8.5 hours, 7 hours ~ 9 hours, 7 hours ~ 9.5 hours, 7 hours ~ 10 hours, 7 hours ~ 10.5 hours, 7 Hours ~ 11 hours, 7 hours ~ 11.5 hours, 7 hours ~ 12 hours, 7 hours ~ 12.5 hours, 7 hours ~ 13 hours, 7 hours ~ 13.5 hours, 7 hours ~ 14 hours, 7 hours ~ 14.5 hours, 7 hours - 15 hours, 7 hours - 15.5 hours, 7 hours - 16 hours, 7 hours - 16.5 hours, 7 hours - 17 hours, 7 hours - 17.5 hours, 7 hours - 18 hours, 7 hours to 18.5 hours, 7 hours to 19 hours, 7 hours to 19.5 hours, 7 hours to 20 hours, 7 hours to 20.5 hours, 7 hours to 21 hours, 7 hours to 21 hours. 5 hours, 7 hours to 22 hours, 7 hours to 22.5 hours, 7 hours to 23 hours, 7 hours to 23.5 hours, 7 hours to 24 hours, 7 hours to 25 hours, 7 hours to 26 hours, 7 Hours ~ 27 hours, 7 hours ~ 28 hours, 7 hours ~ 29 hours, 7 hours ~ 30 hours, 7 hours ~ 31 hours, 7 hours ~ 32 hours, 7 hours ~ 33 hours, 7 hours ~ 34 hours, 7 hours ~ 35 hours, 7 hours - 36 hours, 7.5 hours - 8 hours, 7.5 hours - 8.5 hours, 7.5 hours - 9 hours, 7.5 hours - 9.5 hours, 7.5 hours - 10 hours, 7.5 hours to 10.5 hours, 7.5 hours to 11 hours, 7.5 hours to 11.5 hours, 7.5 hours to 12 hours, 7.5 hours to 12.5 hours, 7 .5 hours to 13 hours, 7.5 hours to 13.5 hours, 7.5 hours to 14 hours, 7.5 hours to 14.5 hours, 7.5 hours to 15 hours, 7.5 hours to 15 hours. 5 hours, 7.5 hours to 16 hours, 7.5 hours to 16.5 hours, 7.5 hours to 17 hours, 7.5 hours to 17.5 hours, 7.5 hours to 18 hours, 7.5 hours ~ 18.5 hours, 7.5 hours ~ 19 hours, 7.5 hours ~ 19.5 hours, 7.5 hours ~ 20 hours, 7.5 hours ~ 20.5 hours, 7.5 hours ~ 21 hours , 7.5 hours to 21.5 hours, 7.5 hours to 22 hours, 7.5 hours to 22.5 hours, 7.5 hours to 23 hours, 7.5 hours to 23.5 hours, 7.5 hours ~ 24 hours, 7.5 hours ~ 25 hours, 7.5 hours ~ 26 hours, 7.5 hours ~ 27 hours, 7.5 hours ~ 28 hours, 7.5 hours ~ 29 hours, 7.5 hours ~ 30 hours, 7.5 hours to 31 hours, 7.5 hours to 32 hours, 7.5 hours to 33 hours, 7.5 hours to 34 hours, 7.5 hours to 35 hours, 7.5 hours to 36 hours , 8 hours to 8.5 hours, 8 hours to 9 hours, 8 hours to 9.5 hours, 8 hours to 10 hours, 8 hours to 10.5 hours, 8 hours to 11 hours, 8 hours to 11.5 hours , 8-12 hours, 8-12.5 hours, 8-13 hours, 8-13.5 hours, 8-14 hours, 8-14.5 hours, 8-15 hours, 8 hours ~ 15.5 hours, 8 hours ~ 16 hours, 8 hours ~ 16.5 hours, 8 hours ~ 17 hours, 8 hours ~ 17.5 hours, 8 hours ~ 18 hours, 8 hours ~ 18.5 hours, 8 Hours ~ 19 hours, 8 hours ~ 19.5 hours, 8 hours ~ 20 hours, 8 hours ~ 20.5 hours, 8 hours ~ 21 hours, 8 hours ~ 21.5 hours, 8 hours ~ 22 hours, 8 hours ~ 22.5 hours, 8 hours to 23 hours, 8 hours to 23.5 hours, 8 hours to 24 hours, 8 hours to 25 hours, 8 hours to 26 hours, 8 hours to 27 hours, 8 hours to 28 hours, 8 hours ~ 29 hours, 8 hours ~ 30 hours, 8 hours ~ 31 hours, 8 hours ~ 32 hours, 8 hours ~ 33 hours, 8 hours ~ 34 hours, 8 hours ~ 35 hours, 8 hours ~ 36 hours, 8.5 hours ~ 9 hours, 8.5 hours ~ 9.5 hours, 8.5 hours ~ 10 hours, 8.5 hours ~ 10.5 hours, 8.5 hours ~ 11 hours, 8.5 hours ~ 11.5 hours , 8.5 hours - 12 hours, 8.5 hours - 12.5 hours, 8.5 hours - 13 hours, 8.5 hours - 13.5 hours, 8.5 hours - 14 hours, 8.5 hours - 14.5 hours, 8.5 hours to 15 hours, 8.5 hours to 15.5 hours, 8.5 hours to 16 hours, 8.5 hours to 16.5 hours, 8.5 hours to 17 hours, 8 .5 hours - 17.5 hours, 8.5 hours - 18 hours, 8.5 hours - 18.5 hours, 8.5 hours - 19 hours, 8.5 hours - 19.5 hours, 8.5 hours - 20 hours, 8.5 hours to 20.5 hours, 8.5 hours to 21 hours, 8.5 hours to 21.5 hours, 8.5 hours to 22 hours, 8.5 hours to 22.5 hours, 8 .5 hours to 23 hours, 8.5 hours to 23.5 hours, 8.5 hours to 24 hours, 8.5 hours to 25 hours, 8.5 hours to 26 hours, 8.5 hours to 27 hours, 8 .5 hours to 28 hours, 8.5 hours to 29 hours, 8.5 hours to 30 hours, 8.5 hours to 31 hours, 8.5 hours to 32 hours, 8.5 hours to 33 hours, 8.5 hours ~ 34 hours, 8.5 hours ~ 35 hours, 8.5 hours ~ 36 hours, 9 hours ~ 9.5 hours, 9 hours ~ 10 hours, 9 hours ~ 10.5 hours, 9 hours ~ 11 hours, 9 hours ~ 11.5 hours, 9 hours ~ 12 hours, 9 hours ~ 12.5 hours, 9 hours ~ 13 hours, 9 hours ~ 13.5 hours, 9 hours ~ 14 hours, 9 hours ~ 14.5 hours, 9 hours ~ 15 hours, 9 hours ~ 15.5 hours, 9 hours ~ 16 hours, 9 hours ~ 16.5 hours, 9 hours ~ 17 hours, 9 hours ~ 17.5 hours, 9 hours ~ 18 hours, 9 hours ~ 18.5 hours, 9 hours - 19 hours, 9 hours - 19.5 hours, 9 hours - 20 hours, 9 hours - 20.5 hours, 9 hours - 21 hours, 9 hours - 21.5 hours, 9 hours - 22 hours, 9 hours to 22.5 hours, 9 hours to 23 hours, 9 hours to 23.5 hours, 9 hours to 24 hours, 9 hours to 25 hours, 9 hours to 26 hours, 9 hours to 27 hours, 9 Hours ~ 28 hours, 9 hours ~ 29 hours, 9 hours ~ 30 hours, 9 hours ~ 31 hours, 9 hours ~ 32 hours, 9 hours ~ 33 hours, 9 hours ~ 34 hours, 9 hours ~ 35 hours, 9 hours ~ 36 hours, 9.5 hours to 10 hours, 9.5 hours to 10.5 hours, 9.5 hours to 11 hours, 9.5 hours to 11.5 hours, 9.5 hours to 12 hours, 9.5 hours ~ 12.5 hours, 9.5 hours ~ 13 hours, 9.5 hours ~ 13.5 hours, 9.5 hours ~ 14 hours, 9.5 hours ~ 14.5 hours, 9.5 hours ~ 15 hours , 9.5 hours to 15.5 hours, 9.5 hours to 16 hours, 9.5 hours to 16.5 hours, 9.5 hours to 17 hours, 9.5 hours to 17.5 hours, 9.5 hours ~ 18 hours, 9.5 hours ~ 18.5 hours, 9.5 hours ~ 19 hours, 9.5 hours ~ 19.5 hours, 9.5 hours ~ 20 hours, 9.5 hours ~ 20.5 hours , 9.5 hours to 21 hours, 9.5 hours to 21.5 hours, 9.5 hours to 22 hours, 9.5 hours to 22.5 hours, 9.5 hours to 23 hours, 9.5 hours to 23.5 hours, 9.5 hours - 24 hours, 9.5 hours - 25 hours, 9.5 hours - 26 hours, 9.5 hours - 27 hours, 9.5 hours - 28 hours, 9.5 hours - 29 hours, 9.5 hours to 30 hours, 9.5 hours to 31 hours, 9.5 hours to 32 hours, 9.5 hours to 33 hours, 9.5 hours to 34 hours, 9.5 hours to 35 hours , 9.5-36 hours, 10-10.5 hours, 10-11 hours, 10-11.5 hours, 10-12 hours, 10-12.5 hours, 10-13 hours , 10-13.5 hours, 10-14 hours, 10-14.5 hours, 10-15 hours, 10-15.5 hours, 10-16 hours, 10-16.5 hours , 10 hours to 17 hours, 10 hours to 17.5 hours, 10 hours to 18 hours, 10 hours to 18.5 hours, 10 hours to 19 hours, 10 hours to 19.5 hours, 10 hours to 20 hours, 10 hours hours ~ 20.5 hours, 10 hours ~ 21 hours, 10 hours ~ 21.5 hours, 10 hours ~ 22 hours, 10 hours ~ 22.5 hours, 10 hours ~ 23 hours, 10 hours ~ 23.5 hours, 10 Hours ~ 24 hours, 10 hours ~ 25 hours, 10 hours ~ 26 hours, 10 hours ~ 27 hours, 10 hours ~ 28 hours, 10 hours ~ 29 hours, 10 hours ~ 30 hours, 10 hours ~ 31 hours, 10 hours ~ 32 hours, 10 hours - 33 hours, 10 hours - 34 hours, 10 hours - 35 hours, 10 hours - 36 hours, 10.5 hours - 11 hours, 10.5 hours - 11.5 hours, 10.5 hours - 12 hours, 10.5 hours to 12.5 hours, 10.5 hours to 13 hours, 10.5 hours to 13.5 hours, 10.5 hours to 14 hours, 10.5 hours to 14.5 hours, 10 .5 hours to 15 hours, 10.5 hours to 15.5 hours, 10.5 hours to 16 hours, 10.5 hours to 16.5 hours, 10.5 hours to 17 hours, 10.5 hours to 17 hours. 5 hours, 10.5 hours to 18 hours, 10.5 hours to 18.5 hours, 10.5 hours to 19 hours, 10.5 hours to 19.5 hours, 10.5 hours to 20 hours, 10.5 hours hours ~ 20.5 hours, 10.5 hours ~ 21 hours, 10.5 hours ~ 21.5 hours, 10.5 hours ~ 22 hours, 10.5 hours ~ 22.5 hours, 10.5 hours ~ 23 hours , 10.5 hours to 23.5 hours, 10.5 hours to 24 hours, 10.5 hours to 25 hours, 10.5 hours to 26 hours, 10.5 hours to 27 hours, 10.5 hours to 28 hours , 10.5 hours to 29 hours, 10.5 hours to 30 hours, 10.5 hours to 31 hours, 10.5 hours to 32 hours, 10.5 hours to 33 hours, 10.5 hours to 34 hours, 10 .5 hours to 35 hours, 10.5 hours to 36 hours, 11 hours to 11.5 hours, 11 hours to 12 hours, 11 hours to 12.5 hours, 11 hours to 13 hours, 11 hours to 13.5 hours , 11 hours to 14 hours, 11 hours to 14.5 hours, 11 hours to 15 hours, 11 hours to 15.5 hours, 11 hours to 16 hours, 11 hours to 16.5 hours, 11 hours to 17 hours, 11 hours ~ 17.5 hours, 11 hours ~ 18 hours, 11 hours ~ 18.5 hours, 11 hours ~ 19 hours, 11 hours ~ 19.5 hours, 11 hours ~ 20 hours, 11 hours ~ 20.5 hours, 11 Hours ~ 21 hours, 11 hours ~ 21.5 hours, 11 hours ~ 22 hours, 11 hours ~ 22.5 hours, 11 hours ~ 23 hours, 11 hours ~ 23.5 hours, 11 hours ~ 24 hours, 11 hours ~ 25 hours, 11 hours to 26 hours, 11 hours to 27 hours, 11 hours to 28 hours, 11 hours to 29 hours, 11 hours to 30 hours, 11 hours to 31 hours, 11 hours to 32 hours, 11 hours to 33 hours , 11 hours to 34 hours, 11 hours to 35 hours, 11 hours to 36 hours, 11.5 hours to 12 hours, 11.5 hours to 12.5 hours, 11.5 hours to 13 hours, 11.5 hours to 13.5 hours, 11.5 hours to 14 hours, 11.5 hours to 14.5 hours, 11.5 hours to 15 hours, 11.5 hours to 15.5 hours, 11.5 hours to 16 hours, 11 .5 hours - 16.5 hours, 11.5 hours - 17 hours, 11.5 hours - 17.5 hours, 11.5 hours - 18 hours, 11.5 hours - 18.5 hours, 11.5 hours - 19 hours, 11.5 hours to 19.5 hours, 11.5 hours to 20 hours, 11.5 hours to 20.5 hours, 11.5 hours to 21 hours, 11.5 hours to 21.5 hours, 11 .5 hours to 22 hours, 11.5 hours to 22.5 hours, 11.5 hours to 23 hours, 11.5 hours to 23.5 hours, 11.5 hours to 24 hours, 11.5 hours to 25 hours , 11.5 hours to 26 hours, 11.5 hours to 27 hours, 11.5 hours to 28 hours, 11.5 hours to 29 hours, 11.5 hours to 30 hours, 11.5 hours to 31 hours, 11 .5 hours - 32 hours, 11.5 hours - 33 hours, 11.5 hours - 34 hours, 11.5 hours - 35 hours, 11.5 hours - 36 hours, 12 hours - 12.5 hours, 12 hours - 13 hours, 12 hours to 13.5 hours, 12 hours to 14 hours, 12 hours to 14.5 hours, 12 hours to 15 hours, 12 hours to 15.5 hours, 12 hours to 16 hours, 12 hours to 16 hours. 5 hours, 12 hours to 17 hours, 12 hours to 17.5 hours, 12 hours to 18 hours, 12 hours to 18.5 hours, 12 hours to 19 hours, 12 hours to 19.5 hours, 12 hours to 20 hours , 12 hours to 20.5 hours, 12 hours to 21 hours, 12 hours to 21.5 hours, 12 hours to 22 hours, 12 hours to 22.5 hours, 12 hours to 23 hours, 12 hours to 23.5 hours , 12 hours to 24 hours, 12 hours to 25 hours, 12 hours to 26 hours, 12 hours to 27 hours, 12 hours to 28 hours, 12 hours to 29 hours, 12 hours to 30 hours, 12 hours to 31 hours, 12 hours hours ~ 32 hours, 12 hours ~ 33 hours, 12 hours ~ 34 hours, 12 hours ~ 35 hours, 12 hours ~ 36 hours, 12.5 hours ~ 13 hours, 12.5 hours ~ 13.5 hours, 12.5 hours ~ 14 hours, 12.5 hours ~ 14.5 hours, 12.5 hours ~ 15 hours, 12.5 hours ~ 15.5 hours, 12.5 hours ~ 16 hours, 12.5 hours ~ 16.5 hours , 12.5 hours - 17 hours, 12.5 hours - 17.5 hours, 12.5 hours - 18 hours, 12.5 hours - 18.5 hours, 12.5 hours - 19 hours, 12.5 hours - 19.5 hours, 12.5 hours to 20 hours, 12.5 hours to 20.5 hours, 12.5 hours to 21 hours, 12.5 hours to 21.5 hours, 12.5 hours to 22 hours, 12 hours .5 hours to 22.5 hours, 12.5 hours to 23 hours, 12.5 hours to 23.5 hours, 12.5 hours to 24 hours, 12.5 hours to 25 hours, 12.5 hours to 26 hours , 12.5-27 hours, 12.5-28 hours, 12.5-29 hours, 12.5-30 hours, 12.5-31 hours, 12.5-32 hours, 12 .5 hours to 33 hours, 12.5 hours to 34 hours, 12.5 hours to 35 hours, 12.5 hours to 36 hours, 13 hours to 13.5 hours, 13 hours to 14 hours, 13 hours to 14 hours. 5 hours, 13 hours to 15 hours, 13 hours to 15.5 hours, 13 hours to 16 hours, 13 hours to 16.5 hours, 13 hours to 17 hours, 13 hours to 17.5 hours, 13 hours to 18 hours , 13 hours to 18.5 hours, 13 hours to 19 hours, 13 hours to 19.5 hours, 13 hours to 20 hours, 13 hours to 20.5 hours, 13 hours to 21 hours, 13 hours to 21.5 hours , 13 hours to 22 hours, 13 hours to 22.5 hours, 13 hours to 23 hours, 13 hours to 23.5 hours, 13 hours to 24 hours, 13 hours to 25 hours, 13 hours to 26 hours, 13 hours to 27 hours, 13 hours to 28 hours, 13 hours to 29 hours, 13 hours to 30 hours, 13 hours to 31 hours, 13 hours to 32 hours, 13 hours to 33 hours, 13 hours to 34 hours, 13 hours to 35 hours , 13 hours to 36 hours, 13.5 hours to 14 hours, 13.5 hours to 14.5 hours, 13.5 hours to 15 hours, 13.5 hours to 15.5 hours, 13.5 hours to 16 hours , 13.5 hours to 16.5 hours, 13.5 hours to 17 hours, 13.5 hours to 17.5 hours, 13.5 hours to 18 hours, 13.5 hours to 18.5 hours, 13.5 hours ~ 19 hours, 13.5 hours ~ 19.5 hours, 13.5 hours ~ 20 hours, 13.5 hours ~ 20.5 hours, 13.5 hours ~ 21 hours, 13.5 hours ~ 21.5 hours , 13.5 hours - 22 hours, 13.5 hours - 22.5 hours, 13.5 hours - 23 hours, 13.5 hours - 23.5 hours, 13.5 hours - 24 hours, 13.5 hours - 25 hours, 13.5 hours to 26 hours, 13.5 hours to 27 hours, 13.5 hours to 28 hours, 13.5 hours to 29 hours, 13.5 hours to 30 hours, 13.5 hours to 31 hours , 13.5-32 hours, 13.5-33 hours, 13.5-34 hours, 13.5-35 hours, 13.5-36 hours, 14-14.5 hours, 14 Hours ~ 15 hours, 14 hours ~ 15.5 hours, 14 hours ~ 16 hours, 14 hours ~ 16.5 hours, 14 hours ~ 17 hours, 14 hours ~ 17.5 hours, 14 hours ~ 18 hours, 14 hours ~ 18.5 hours, 14 hours - 19 hours, 14 hours - 19.5 hours, 14 hours - 20 hours, 14 hours - 20.5 hours, 14 hours - 21 hours, 14 hours - 21.5 hours, 14 hours - 22 hours, 14 hours to 22.5 hours, 14 hours to 23 hours, 14 hours to 23.5 hours, 14 hours to 24 hours, 14 hours to 25 hours, 14 hours to 26 hours, 14 hours to 27 hours, 14 hours Hours ~ 28 hours, 14 hours ~ 29 hours, 14 hours ~ 30 hours, 14 hours ~ 31 hours, 14 hours ~ 32 hours, 14 hours ~ 33 hours, 14 hours ~ 34 hours, 14 hours ~ 35 hours, 14 hours ~ 36 hours, 14.5 hours to 15 hours, 14.5 hours to 15.5 hours, 14.5 hours to 16 hours, 14.5 hours to 16.5 hours, 14.5 hours to 17 hours, 14.5 hours hours ~ 17.5 hours, 14.5 hours ~ 18 hours, 14.5 hours ~ 18.5 hours, 14.5 hours ~ 19 hours, 14.5 hours ~ 19.5 hours, 14.5 hours ~ 20 hours , 14.5 hours to 20.5 hours, 14.5 hours to 21 hours, 14.5 hours to 21.5 hours, 14.5 hours to 22 hours, 14.5 hours to 22.5 hours, 14.5 hours ~ 23 hours, 14.5 hours ~ 23.5 hours, 14.5 hours ~ 24 hours, 14.5 hours ~ 25 hours, 14.5 hours ~ 26 hours, 14.5 hours ~ 27 hours, 14.5 Hours ~ 28 hours, 14.5 hours ~ 29 hours, 14.5 hours ~ 30 hours, 14.5 hours ~ 31 hours, 14.5 hours ~ 32 hours, 14.5 hours ~ 33 hours, 14.5 hours ~ 34 hours, 14.5 hours - 35 hours, 14.5 hours - 36 hours, 15 hours - 15.5 hours, 15 hours - 16 hours, 15 hours - 16.5 hours, 15 hours - 17 hours, 15 hours - 17.5 hours, 15 hours - 18 hours, 15 hours - 18.5 hours, 15 hours - 19 hours, 15 hours - 19.5 hours, 15 hours - 20 hours, 15 hours - 20.5 hours, 15 hours - 21 hours, 15 hours to 21.5 hours, 15 hours to 22 hours, 15 hours to 22.5 hours, 15 hours to 23 hours, 15 hours to 23.5 hours, 15 hours to 24 hours, 15 hours to 25 hours , 15-26 hours, 15-27 hours, 15-28 hours, 15-29 hours, 15-30 hours, 15-31 hours, 15-32 hours, 15-33 hours, 15 hours ~ 34 hours, 15 hours ~ 35 hours, 15 hours ~ 36 hours, 15.5 hours ~ 16 hours, 15.5 hours ~ 16.5 hours, 15.5 hours ~ 17 hours, 15.5 hours ~ 17 hours 5 hours, 15.5 hours to 18 hours, 15.5 hours to 18.5 hours, 1
5.5 hours to 19 hours, 15.5 hours to 19.5 hours, 15.5 hours to 20 hours, 15.5 hours to 20.5 hours, 15.5 hours to 21 hours, 15.5 hours to 21 hours .5 hours, 15.5 hours to 22 hours, 15.5 hours to 22.5 hours, 15.5 hours to 23 hours, 15.5 hours to 23.5 hours, 15.5 hours to 24 hours, 15. 5 hours to 25 hours, 15.5 hours to 26 hours, 15.5 hours to 27 hours, 15.5 hours to 28 hours, 15.5 hours to 29 hours, 15.5 hours to 30 hours, 15.5 hours ~31 hours, 15.5 hours to 32 hours, 15.5 hours to 33 hours, 15.5 hours to 34 hours, 15.5 hours to 35 hours, 15.5 hours to 36 hours, 16 hours to 16.5 hours hours, 16 hours to 17 hours, 16 hours to 17.5 hours, 16 hours to 18 hours, 16 hours to 18.5 hours, 16 hours to 19 hours, 16 hours to 19.5 hours, 16 hours to 20 hours, 16 hours to 20.5 hours, 16 hours to 21 hours, 16 hours to 21.5 hours, 16 hours to 22 hours, 16 hours to 22.5 hours, 16 hours to 23 hours, 16 hours to 23.5 hours, 16 hours to 24 hours, 16 hours to 25 hours, 16 hours to 26 hours, 16 hours to 27 hours, 16 hours to 28 hours, 16 hours to 29 hours, 16 hours to 30 hours, 16 hours to 31 hours, 16 hours ~32 hours, 16 hours to 33 hours, 16 hours to 34 hours, 16 hours to 35 hours, 16 hours to 36 hours, 16.5 hours to 17 hours, 16.5 hours to 17.5 hours, 16.5 hours ~18 hours, 16.5 hours to 18.5 hours, 16.5 hours to 19 hours, 16.5 hours to 19.5 hours, 16.5 hours to 20 hours, 16.5 hours to 20.5 hours, 16.5 hours to 21 hours, 16.5 hours to 21.5 hours, 16.5 hours to 22 hours, 16.5 hours to 22.5 hours, 16.5 hours to 23 hours, 16.5 hours to 23 hours .5 hours, 16.5 hours to 24 hours, 16.5 hours to 25 hours, 16.5 hours to 26 hours, 16.5 hours to 27 hours, 16.5 hours to 28 hours, 16.5 hours to 29 hours hours, 16.5 hours to 30 hours, 16.5 hours to 31 hours, 16.5 hours to 32 hours, 16.5 hours to 33 hours, 16.5 hours to 34 hours, 16.5 hours to 35 hours, 16.5 hours to 36 hours, 17 hours to 17.5 hours, 17 hours to 18 hours, 17 hours to 18.5 hours, 17 hours to 19 hours, 17 hours to 19.5 hours, 17 hours to 20 hours, 17 hours to 20.5 hours, 17 hours to 21 hours, 17 hours to 21.5 hours, 17 hours to 22 hours, 17 hours to 22.5 hours, 17 hours to 23 hours, 17 hours to 23.5 hours, 17 hours to 24 hours, 17 hours to 25 hours, 17 hours to 26 hours, 17 hours to 27 hours, 17 hours to 28 hours, 17 hours to 29 hours, 17 hours to 30 hours, 17 hours to 31 hours, 17 hours ~32 hours, 17 hours to 33 hours, 17 hours to 34 hours, 17 hours to 35 hours, 17 hours to 36 hours, 17.5 hours to 18 hours, 17.5 hours to 18.5 hours, 17.5 hours ~19 hours, 17.5 hours to 19.5 hours, 17.5 hours to 20 hours, 17.5 hours to 20.5 hours, 17.5 hours to 21 hours, 17.5 hours to 21.5 hours, 17.5 hours to 22 hours, 17.5 hours to 22.5 hours, 17.5 hours to 23 hours, 17.5 hours to 23.5 hours, 17.5 hours to 24 hours, 17.5 hours to 25 hours hours, 17.5 hours to 26 hours, 17.5 hours to 27 hours, 17.5 hours to 28 hours, 17.5 hours to 29 hours, 17.5 hours to 30 hours, 17.5 hours to 31 hours, 17.5 hours - 32 hours, 17.5 hours - 33 hours, 17.5 hours - 34 hours, 17.5 hours - 35 hours, 17.5 hours - 36 hours, 18 hours - 18.5 hours, 18 hours ~19 hours, 18 hours ~ 19.5 hours, 18 hours ~ 20 hours, 18 hours ~ 20.5 hours, 18 hours ~ 21 hours, 18 hours ~ 21.5 hours, 18 hours ~ 22 hours, 18 hours ~ 22 hours .5 hours, 18 hours to 23 hours, 18 hours to 23.5 hours, 18 hours to 24 hours, 18 hours to 25 hours, 18 hours to 26 hours, 18 hours to 27 hours, 18 hours to 28 hours, 18 hours ~29 hours, 18 hours to 30 hours, 18 hours to 31 hours, 18 hours to 32 hours, 18 hours to 33 hours, 18 hours to 34 hours, 18 hours to 35 hours, 18 hours to 36 hours, 18.5 hours ~19 hours, 18.5 hours to 19.5 hours, 18.5 hours to 20 hours, 18.5 hours to 20.5 hours, 18.5 hours to 21 hours, 18.5 hours to 21.5 hours, 18.5 hours to 22 hours, 18.5 hours to 22.5 hours, 18.5 hours to 23 hours, 18.5 hours to 23.5 hours, 18.5 hours to 24 hours, 18.5 hours to 25 hours hours, 18.5 hours to 26 hours, 18.5 hours to 27 hours, 18.5 hours to 28 hours, 18.5 hours to 29 hours, 18.5 hours to 30 hours, 18.5 hours to 31 hours, 18.5 hours - 32 hours, 18.5 hours - 33 hours, 18.5 hours - 34 hours, 18.5 hours - 35 hours, 18.5 hours - 36 hours, 19 hours - 19.5 hours, 19 hours ~20 hours, 19 hours ~ 20.5 hours, 19 hours ~ 21 hours, 19 hours ~ 21.5 hours, 19 hours ~ 22 hours, 19 hours ~ 22.5 hours, 19 hours ~ 23 hours, 19 hours ~ 23 hours .5 hours, 19 hours to 24 hours, 19 hours to 25 hours, 19 hours to 26 hours, 19 hours to 27 hours, 19 hours to 28 hours, 19 hours to 29 hours, 19 hours to 30 hours, 19 hours to 31 hours hours, 19 hours to 32 hours, 19 hours to 33 hours, 19 hours to 34 hours, 19 hours to 35 hours, 19 hours to 36 hours, 19.5 hours to 20 hours, 19.5 hours to 20.5 hours, 19.5 hours to 21 hours, 19.5 hours to 21.5 hours, 19.5 hours to 22 hours, 19.5 hours to 22.5 hours, 19.5 hours to 23 hours, 19.5 hours to 23 hours .5 hours, 19.5 hours to 24 hours, 19.5 hours to 25 hours, 19.5 hours to 26 hours, 19.5 hours to 27 hours, 19.5 hours to 28 hours, 19.5 hours to 29 hours hours, 19.5 hours to 30 hours, 19.5 hours to 31 hours, 19.5 hours to 32 hours, 19.5 hours to 33 hours, 19.5 hours to 34 hours, 19.5 hours to 35 hours, 19.5 hours to 36 hours, 20 hours to 20.5 hours, 20 hours to 21 hours, 20 hours to 21.5 hours, 20 hours to 22 hours, 20 hours to 22.5 hours, 20 hours to 23 hours, 20 hours to 23.5 hours, 20 hours to 24 hours, 20 hours to 25 hours, 20 hours to 26 hours, 20 hours to 27 hours, 20 hours to 28 hours, 20 hours to 29 hours, 20 hours to 30 hours, 20 hours to 31 hours, 20 hours to 32 hours, 20 hours to 33 hours, 20 hours to 34 hours, 20 hours to 35 hours, 20 hours to 36 hours, 20.5 hours to 21 hours, 20.5 hours to 21 hours .5 hours, 20.5 hours to 22 hours, 20.5 hours to 22.5 hours, 20.5 hours to 23 hours, 20.5 hours to 23.5 hours, 20.5 hours to 24 hours, 20. 5 hours to 25 hours, 20.5 hours to 26 hours, 20.5 hours to 27 hours, 20.5 hours to 28 hours, 20.5 hours to 29 hours, 20.5 hours to 30 hours, 20.5 hours ~31 hours, 20.5 hours to 32 hours, 20.5 hours to 33 hours, 20.5 hours to 34 hours, 20.5 hours to 35 hours, 20.5 hours to 36 hours, 21 hours to 21.5 hours Hours, 21 hours to 22 hours, 21 hours to 22.5 hours, 21 hours to 23 hours, 21 hours to 23.5 hours, 21 hours to 24 hours, 21 hours to 25 hours, 21 hours to 26 hours, 21 hours ~27 hours, 21 hours to 28 hours, 21 hours to 29 hours, 21 hours to 30 hours, 21 hours to 31 hours, 21 hours to 32 hours, 21 hours to 33 hours, 21 hours to 34 hours, 21 hours to 35 hours hours, 21 hours to 36 hours, 21.5 hours to 22 hours, 21.5 hours to 22.5 hours, 21.5 hours to 23 hours, 21.5 hours to 23.5 hours, 21.5 hours to 24 hours hours, 21.5 hours to 25 hours, 21.5 hours to 26 hours, 21.5 hours to 27 hours, 21.5 hours to 28 hours, 21.5 hours to 29 hours, 21.5 hours to 30 hours, 21.5 hours to 31 hours, 21.5 hours to 32 hours, 21.5 hours to 33 hours, 21.5 hours to 34 hours, 21.5 hours to 35 hours, 21.5 hours to 36 hours, 22 hours ~22.5 hours, 22 hours to 23 hours, 22 hours to 23.5 hours, 22 hours to 24 hours, 22 hours to 25 hours, 22 hours to 26 hours, 22 hours to 27 hours, 22 hours to 28 hours, 22 hours to 29 hours, 22 hours to 30 hours, 22 hours to 31 hours, 22 hours to 32 hours, 22 hours to 33 hours, 22 hours to 34 hours, 22 hours to 35 hours, 22 hours to 36 hours, 22. 5 hours to 23 hours, 22.5 hours to 23.5 hours, 22.5 hours to 24 hours, 22.5 hours to 25 hours, 22.5 hours to 26 hours, 22.5 hours to 27 hours, 22. 5 hours to 28 hours, 22.5 hours to 29 hours, 22.5 hours to 30 hours, 22.5 hours to 31 hours, 22.5 hours to 32 hours, 22.5 hours to 33 hours, 22.5 hours ~34 hours, 22.5 hours to 35 hours, 22.5 hours to 36 hours, 23 hours to 23.5 hours, 23 hours to 24 hours, 23 hours to 25 hours, 23 hours to 26 hours, 23 hours to 27 hours hours, 23 hours to 28 hours, 23 hours to 29 hours, 23 hours to 30 hours, 23 hours to 31 hours, 23 hours to 32 hours, 23 hours to 33 hours, 23 hours to 34 hours, 23 hours to 35 hours, 23 hours to 36 hours, 23.5 hours to 24 hours, 23.5 hours to 25 hours, 23.5 hours to 26 hours, 23.5 hours to 27 hours, 23.5 hours to 28 hours, 23.5 hours ~ 29 hours, 23.5 hours ~ 30 hours, 23.5 hours ~ 31 hours, 23.5 hours ~ 32 hours, 23.5 hours ~ 33 hours, 23.5 hours ~ 34 hours, 23.5 hours ~ 35 hours hours, 23.5 hours to 36 hours, 24 hours to 25 hours, 24 hours to 26 hours, 24 hours to 27 hours, 24 hours to 28 hours, 24 hours to 29 hours, 24 hours to 30 hours, 24 hours to 31 hours hours, 24 hours to 32 hours, 24 hours to 33 hours, 24 hours to 34 hours, 24 hours to 35 hours, 24 hours to 36 hours, 25 hours to 26 hours, 25 hours to 27 hours, 25 hours to 28 hours, 25 hours to 29 hours, 25 hours to 30 hours, 25 hours to 31 hours, 25 hours to 32 hours, 25 hours to 33 hours, 25 hours to 34 hours, 25 hours to 35 hours, 25 hours to 36 hours, 26 hours ~27 hours, 26 hours to 28 hours, 26 hours to 29 hours, 26 hours to 30 hours, 26 hours to 31 hours, 26 hours to 32 hours, 26 hours to 33 hours, 26 hours to 34 hours, 26 hours to 35 hours hours, 26 hours to 36 hours, 27 hours to 28 hours, 27 hours to 29 hours, 27 hours to 30 hours, 27 hours to 31 hours, 27 hours to 32 hours, 27 hours to 33 hours, 27 hours to 34 hours, 27-35 hours, 27-36 hours, 28-29 hours, 28-30 hours, 28-31 hours, 28-32 hours, 28-33 hours, 28-34 hours, 28 hours ~35 hours, 28 hours to 36 hours, 29 hours to 30 hours, 29 hours to 31 hours, 29 hours to 32 hours, 29 hours to 33 hours, 29 hours to 34 hours, 29 hours to 35 hours, 29 hours to 36 hours hours, 30 hours to 31 hours, 30 hours to 32 hours, 30 hours to 33 hours, 30 hours to 34 hours, 30 hours to 35 hours, 30 hours to 36 hours, 31 hours to 32 hours, 31 hours to 33 hours, 31-34 hours, 31-35 hours, 31-36 hours, 32-33 hours, 32-34 hours, 32-35 hours, 32-36 hours, 33-34 hours, 33 hours It may be at the homogenization temperature (ie soaking) for a duration of ∼35 hours, 33 hours to 36 hours, 34 hours to 35 hours, 34 hours to 36 hours, or 35 hours to 36 hours.

In some embodiments, during soaking, the size of the β-phase intermetallic particles decreases compared to the size of the β-phase intermetallic particles before soaking. In some embodiments, during soaking, the number density of beta-phase intermetallic particles in the cast aluminum alloy product is reduced compared to the number density of beta-phase intermetallic particles in the cast aluminum alloy product prior to soaking. .

The method of this aspect may optionally further comprise subjecting the homogenized aluminum alloy product to one or more rolling processes to produce a rolled aluminum alloy product. Optionally, the one or more rolling processes include at least one of a hot rolling process or a cold rolling process. Optionally, the hot rolling process is from 100°C to 500°C, such as 100°C to 150°C, 100°C to 200°C, 100°C to 250°C, 100°C to 300°C, 100°C to 350°C, 100°C Up to 400°C, 100°C to 450°C, 150°C to 200°C, 150°C to 250°C, 150°C to 300°C, 150°C to 350°C, 150°C to 400°C, 150°C to 450°C, 150°C to 500°C °C, 200°C to 250°C, 200°C to 300°C, 200°C to 350°C, 200°C to 400°C, 200°C to 450°C, 200°C to 500°C, 250°C to 300°C, 250°C to 350°C, 250°C to 400°C, 250°C to 450°C, 250°C to 500°C, 300°C to 350°C, 300°C to 400°C, 300°C to 450°C, 300°C to 500°C, 350°C to 400°C, 350°C It may include exit temperatures of -450°C, 350°C-500°C, 400°C-450°C, 400°C-500°C, or 450°C-500°C. Optionally, the rolled aluminum alloy product produced by the hot rolling process has a thickness of 1 mm to 8 mm, such as 1 mm to 2 mm, 1 mm to 3 mm, 1 mm to 4 mm, 1 mm to 5 mm, 1 mm to 6 mm, 1 mm to 7 mm, 2 mm to 3 mm, 2 mm to 4 mm, 2 mm to 5 mm, 2 mm to 6 mm, 2 mm to 7 mm, 2 mm to 8 mm, 3 mm to 4 mm, 3 mm to 5 mm, 3 mm to 6 mm, 3 mm to 7 mm, 3 mm to 8 mm, 4 mm to 5 mm, 4 mm to 6 mm, It has a thickness of 4 mm to 7 mm, 4 mm to 8 mm, 5 mm to 6 mm, 5 mm to 7 mm, 5 mm to 8 mm, 6 mm to 7 mm, 6 mm to 8 mm, or 7 mm to 8 mm.

Optionally, the cold rolling process is from 50°C to 250°C, such as 50°C to 100°C, 50°C to 150°C, 50°C to 200°C, 100°C to 150°C, 100°C to 200°C, 100°C It may include outlet temperatures of -250°C, 150°C to 200°C, 150°C to 250°C, or 200°C to 250°C. Optionally, the rolled aluminum alloy product produced by the cold rolling process has a thickness of 0.15mm to 0.50mm, such as 0.15mm to 0.20mm, 0.15mm to 0.25mm, 0.15mm to 0.15mm. 30 mm, 0.15 mm to 0.35 mm, 0.15 mm to 0.40 mm, 0.15 mm to 0.45 mm, 0.15 mm to 0.50 mm, 0.20 mm to 0.25 mm, 0.20 mm to 0.30 mm, 0.20mm-0.35mm, 0.20mm-0.40mm, 0.20mm-0.45mm, 0.20mm-0.50mm, 0.25mm-0.30mm, 0.25mm-0.35mm, 0.25mm-0.35mm 25mm-0.40mm, 0.25mm-0.45mm, 0.25mm-0.50mm, 0.30mm-0.35mm, 0.30mm-0.40mm, 0.30mm-0.50mm, 0.35mm- It has a thickness of 0.40 mm, 0.35 mm to 0.45 mm, 0.35 mm to 0.50 mm, 0.40 mm to 0.45 mm, 0.40 mm to 0.50 mm, or 0.45 mm to 0.50 mm.

In another aspect, a method is provided for improving the formability of a metal product. An exemplary method of this aspect is a cast metal product comprising a metal composite, wherein the metal composite comprises iron, magnesium, manganese, and silicon, wherein the metal composite relative to the wt % of iron in the metal composite providing a cast metal product having a ratio of wt% silicon therein of 0.5 to 1.0 and a ratio of peak interparticle spacing to particle number density of 0.0003/μm to 0.0006/μm; homogenizing the cast metal product to control the interparticle spacing of the plurality of particles and to control the particle density of the plurality of particles such that Optionally, the metal composite comprises a plurality of alpha phase intermetallic particles comprising silicon and one or more of iron or manganese and beta phase intermetallic particles comprising one or more of iron or manganese. of particles.

In some embodiments, the metal composites of the described methods comprise interparticle spacings that are between 1 μm and 25 μm. In some embodiments, the metal composites of the described methods comprise particle densities that are between 5 and 30,000 particles/μm ² .

In some embodiments, the metal composites of the described methods comprise particle densities that are between 50 and 1,000 particles/μm ² . In some embodiments, the metal composites of the described methods comprise a plurality of particles composed of particle diameters between 1 μm and 50 μm. Optionally, the plurality of particles can have diameters between 500 nm and 50 μm.

Various homogenization conditions are useful in the methods described herein. For example, the homogenization temperature can be from 400° C. to below the melting point of aluminum (eg, 660° C.), or below the solidus point of certain alloys. For example, exemplary durations of soaking can be from 0.1 hours to 48 hours. Optionally, the homogenization temperature is within 25°C of the solidus temperature of the cast metal product.

The aluminum alloy raw material(s) of the aluminum alloy product prepared according to the above method can correspond to the same series of aluminum alloys or a mixture of different series of aluminum alloys. Optionally, preparing the cast aluminum alloy product comprises preparing the molten 3xxx series aluminum alloy and casting the molten 3xxx series aluminum alloy. Optionally, preparing the molten 3xxx series aluminum alloy comprises melting both the 3xxx series aluminum alloy source material and the 5xxx series aluminum alloy source material. Optionally, the 3xxx-based aluminum alloy source material and the 5xxx-based aluminum alloy source material are derived from recycled raw materials. In some embodiments, aluminum alloys containing relatively high percentages of silicon may be useful in achieving a target silicon to iron ratio. For example, preparing the molten aluminum alloy optionally further comprises melting a 4xxx series aluminum alloy or a 6xxx series aluminum alloy along with the 3xxx series aluminum alloy source material and the 5xxx series aluminum alloy source material.

In some embodiments, multiple homogenization steps may be useful. For example, a secondary low temperature homogenization after an initial high temperature and/or long duration homogenization can be useful in the preparation of aluminum alloy products such as rolling or other processing. The multi-step homogenization process comprises reducing the temperature of the homogenized aluminum alloy product to a second homogenization temperature that is lower than the first homogenization temperature; soaking for a second duration at, eg, a second duration shorter than the initial long soaking duration. For example, the second duration is 1 hour to 24 hours, such as 1 hour to 2 hours, 1 hour to 3 hours, 1 hour to 4 hours, 1 hour to 5 hours, 1 hour to 6 hours, 1 hour to 7 hours, 1 hour to 8 hours, 1 hour to 9 hours, 1 hour to 10 hours, 1 hour to 11 hours, 1 hour to 12 hours, 1 hour to 13 hours, 1 hour to 14 hours, 1 hour to 15 hours , 1 to 16 hours, 1 to 17 hours, 1 to 18 hours, 1 to 19 hours, 1 to 20 hours, 1 to 21 hours, 1 to 22 hours, 1 to 23 hours, 2 hours ~ 3 hours, 2 hours ~ 4 hours, 2 hours ~ 5 hours, 2 hours ~ 6 hours, 2 hours ~ 7 hours, 2 hours ~ 8 hours, 2 hours ~ 9 hours, 2 hours ~ 10 hours, 2 hours ~ 11 hours, 2 hours to 12 hours, 2 hours to 13 hours, 2 hours to 14 hours, 2 hours to 15 hours, 2 hours to 16 hours, 2 hours to 17 hours, 2 hours to 18 hours, 2 hours to 19 hours , 2-20 hours, 2-21 hours, 2-22 hours, 2-23 hours, 2-24 hours, 3-4 hours, 3-5 hours, 3-6 hours, 3 hours ~ 7 hours, 3 hours ~ 8 hours, 3 hours ~ 9 hours, 3 hours ~ 10 hours, 3 hours ~ 11 hours, 3 hours ~ 12 hours, 3 hours ~ 13 hours, 3 hours ~ 14 hours, 3 hours ~ 15 hours, 3 hours to 16 hours, 3 hours to 17 hours, 3 hours to 18 hours, 3 hours to 19 hours, 3 hours to 20 hours, 3 hours to 21 hours, 3 hours to 22 hours, 3 hours to 23 hours , 3 hours to 24 hours, 4 hours to 5 hours, 4 hours to 6 hours, 4 hours to 7 hours, 4 hours to 8 hours, 4 hours to 9 hours, 4 hours to 10 hours, 4 hours to 11 hours, 4 Hours ~ 12 hours, 4 hours ~ 13 hours, 4 hours ~ 14 hours, 4 hours ~ 15 hours, 4 hours ~ 16 hours, 4 hours ~ 17 hours, 4 hours ~ 18 hours, 4 hours ~ 19 hours, 4 hours ~ 20 hours, 4 hours to 21 hours, 4 hours to 22 hours, 4 hours to 23 hours, 4 hours to 24 hours, 5 hours to 6 hours, 5 hours to 7 hours, 5 hours to 8 hours, 5 hours to 9 hours , 5-10 hours, 5-11 hours, 5-12 hours, 5-13 hours, 5-14 hours, 5-15 hours, 5-16 hours, 5-17 hours, 5 Hours ~ 18 hours, 5 hours ~ 19 hours, 5 hours ~ 20 hours, 5 hours ~ 21 hours, 5 hours ~ 22 hours, 5 hours ~ 23 hours, 5 hours ~ 24 hours, 6 hours ~ 7 hours, 6 hours ~ 8 hours, 6 hours to 9 hours, 6 hours to 10 hours, 6 hours to 11 hours, 6 hours to 12 hours, 6 hours to 13 hours, 6 hours to 14 hours, 6 hours to 15 hours, 6 hours to 16 hours , 6 hours to 17 hours, 6 hours to 18 hours, 6 hours to 19 hours, 6 hours to 20 hours, 6 hours to 21 hours, 6 hours to 22 hours, 6 hours to 23 hours, 6 hours to 24 hours, 7 Hours ~ 8 hours, 7 hours ~ 9 hours, 7 hours ~ 10 hours, 7 hours ~ 11 hours, 7 hours ~ 12 hours, 7 hours ~ 13 hours, 7 hours ~ 14 hours, 7 hours ~ 15 hours, 7 hours ~ 16 hours, 7 hours to 17 hours, 7 hours to 18 hours, 7 hours to 19 hours, 7 hours to 20 hours, 7 hours to 21 hours, 7 hours to 22 hours, 7 hours to 23 hours, 7 hours to 24 hours , 8-9 hours, 8-10 hours, 8-11 hours, 8-12 hours, 8-13 hours, 8-14 hours, 8-15 hours, 8-16 hours, 8 Hours ~ 17 hours, 8 hours ~ 18 hours, 8 hours ~ 19 hours, 8 hours ~ 20 hours, 8 hours ~ 21 hours, 8 hours ~ 22 hours, 8 hours ~ 23 hours, 8 hours ~ 24 hours, 9 hours ~ 10 hours, 9 hours to 11 hours, 9 hours to 12 hours, 9 hours to 13 hours, 9 hours to 14 hours, 9 hours to 15 hours, 9 hours to 16 hours, 9 hours to 17 hours, 9 hours to 18 hours , 9h-19h, 9h-20h, 9h-21h, 9h-22h, 9h-23h, 9h-24h, 10h-11h, 10h-12h, 10 Hours ~ 13 hours, 10 hours ~ 14 hours, 10 hours ~ 15 hours, 10 hours ~ 16 hours, 10 hours ~ 17 hours, 10 hours ~ 18 hours, 10 hours ~ 19 hours, 10 hours ~ 20 hours, 10 hours ~ 21 hours, 10 hours to 22 hours, 10 hours to 23 hours, 10 hours to 24 hours, 11 hours to 12 hours, 11 hours to 13 hours, 11 hours to 14 hours, 11 hours to 15 hours, 11 hours to 16 hours , 11h-17h, 11h-18h, 11h-19h, 11h-20h, 11h-21h, 11h-22h, 11h-23h, 11h-24h, 12 Hours ~ 13 hours, 12 hours ~ 14 hours, 12 hours ~ 15 hours, 12 hours ~ 16 hours, 12 hours ~ 17 hours, 12 hours ~ 18 hours, 12 hours ~ 19 hours, 12 hours ~ 20 hours, 12 hours ~ 21 hours, 12 hours to 22 hours, 12 hours to 23 hours, 12 hours to 24 hours, 13 hours to 14 hours, 13 hours to 15 hours, 13 hours to 16 hours, 13 hours to 17 hours, 13 hours to 18 hours , 13h-19h, 13h-20h, 13h-21h, 13h-22h, 13h-23h, 13h-24h, 14h-16h, 14h-17h, 14 Hours ~ 18 hours, 14 hours ~ 19 hours, 14 hours ~ 20 hours, 14 hours ~ 21 hours, 14 hours ~ 22 hours, 14 hours ~ 23 hours, 14 hours ~ 24 hours, 15 hours ~ 16 hours, 15 hours ~ 17 hours, 15 hours to 18 hours, 15 hours to 19 hours, 15 hours to 20 hours, 15 hours to 21 hours, 15 hours to 22 hours, 15 hours to 23 hours, 15 hours to 24 hours, 16 hours to 17 hours , 16h-18h, 16h-19h, 16h-20h, 16h-21h, 16h-22h, 16h-23h, 16h-24h, 17h-18h, 17 Hours ~ 19 hours, 17 hours ~ 20 hours, 17 hours ~ 21 hours, 17 hours ~ 22 hours, 17 hours ~ 23 hours, 17 hours ~ 24 hours, 18 hours ~ 19 hours, 18 hours ~ 20 hours, 18 hours ~ 21 hours, 18 hours to 22 hours, 18 hours to 23 hours, 18 hours to 24 hours, 19 hours to 20 hours, 19 hours to 21 hours, 19 hours to 22 hours, 19 hours to 23 hours, 19 hours to 24 hours , 20-21 hours, 20-22 hours, 20-23 hours, 20-24 hours, 21-22 hours, 21-23 hours, 21-24 hours, 22-23 hours, 22 hours to 24 hours, or 23 hours to 24 hours.

Optionally, the secondary low temperature for homogenization after the initial homogenization at high temperature is 500°C to 580°C, such as 500°C to 505°C, 500°C to 510°C, 500°C to 515°C, 500°C. ～520℃, 500℃～525℃, 500℃～530℃, 500℃～535℃, 500℃～540℃, 500℃～545℃, 500℃～550℃, 500℃～555℃, 500℃～560℃ °C, 500°C to 565°C, 500°C to 570°C, 500°C to 575°C, 505°C to 510°C, 505°C to 515°C, 505°C to 520°C, 505°C to 525°C, 505°C to 530°C, 505°C to 535°C, 505°C to 540°C, 505°C to 545°C, 505°C to 550°C, 505°C to 555°C, 505°C to 560°C, 505°C to 565°C, 505°C to 570°C, 505°C ~575°C, 510°C ~ 515°C, 510°C ~ 520°C, 510°C ~ 525°C, 510°C ~ 530°C, 510°C ~ 535°C, 510°C ~ 540°C, 510°C ~ 545°C, 510°C ~ 550°C °C, 510°C to 555°C, 510°C to 560°C, 510°C to 565°C, 510°C to 570°C, 510°C to 575°C, 510°C to 580°C, 515°C to 520°C, 515°C to 525°C, 515°C to 530°C, 515°C to 535°C, 515°C to 540°C, 515°C to 545°C, 515°C to 550°C, 515°C to 555°C, 515°C to 560°C, 515°C to 565°C, 515°C ~570°C, 515°C ~ 575°C, 515°C ~ 580°C, 520°C ~ 525°C, 520°C ~ 530°C, 520°C ~ 535°C, 520°C ~ 540°C, 520°C ~ 545°C, 520°C ~ 550°C °C, 520°C-555°C, 520°C-560°C, 520°C-565°C, 520°C-570°C, 520°C-575°C, 520°C-580°C, 525°C-530°C, 525°C-535°C, 525°C to 540°C, 525°C to 545°C, 525°C to 550°C, 525°C to 555°C, 525°C to 560°C, 525°C to 565°C, 525°C to 570°C, 525°C to 575°C, 525°C ~580°C, 530°C~535°C, 530°C~540°C, 530°C~545°C, 530°C~550°C, 530°C~555°C, 530°C~560°C, 530°C~565°C, 530°C~570°C °C, 530°C to 575°C, 530°C to 580°C, 535°C to 540°C, 535°C to 545°C, 535°C to 550°C, 535°C to 555°C, 535°C to 560°C, 535°C to 565°C, 535°C to 570°C, 535°C to 575°C, 535°C to 580°C, 540°C to 545°C, 540°C to 550°C, 540°C to 555°C, 540°C to 560°C, 540°C to 565°C, 540°C ~570°C, 540°C~575°C, 540°C~580°C, 545°C~550°C, 545°C~555°C, 545°C~560°C, 545°C~565°C, 545°C~570°C, 545°C~575°C °C, 545°C to 580°C, 550°C to 555°C, 550°C to 560°C, 550°C to 565°C, 550°C to 570°C, 550°C to 575°C, 550°C to 580°C, 555°C to 560°C, 555°C to 565°C, 555°C to 570°C, 555°C to 575°C, 555°C to 580°C, 560°C to 565°C, 560°C to 570°C, 560°C to 575°C, 560°C to 580°C, 565°C ~570°C, 565°C to 575°C, 565°C to 580°C, 570°C to 575°C, 570°C to 580°C, or 575°C to 580°C. In some embodiments, soaking the homogenized aluminum alloy product at a second homogenization temperature controls the surface quality or properties of the homogenized aluminum alloy product. Optionally, soaking the homogenized aluminum alloy product at a second homogenization temperature provides a temperature of the homogenized aluminum alloy product sufficient for the rolling process. The method of the present disclosure may optionally include subjecting the homogenized aluminum alloy product to one or more rolling processes to produce a rolled aluminum alloy product.

Other objects and advantages will become apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting examples.

The specification refers to the following accompanying figures, and the use of like reference numbers in different figures is intended to illustrate like or similar components.

4 shows an exemplary graph showing the relationship between formability and mean grain size for aluminum alloys, according to some embodiments. A shows a schematic diagram of an aluminum alloy sample with particles according to some embodiments. B shows a schematic diagram of forces applied to an aluminum alloy sample with particles according to some embodiments. C shows a schematic of crack propagation in an aluminum alloy sample with grains according to some embodiments. D shows a schematic of a crack in an aluminum alloy sample with particles according to some embodiments. FIG. 4 shows an optical micrograph image of a crack propagating through an aluminum alloy with particles according to some embodiments; FIG. 1 shows a schematic overview of an exemplary method of making an aluminum alloy product; 4 shows a plot showing exemplary homogenization conditions used to make an aluminum alloy product; 4 illustrates a method of making aluminum alloys with preferred grain densities and inter-grain spacings, according to some embodiments. A and B show plots showing the predicted equilibrium phase diagrams of two exemplary 3xxx series aluminum alloys. 2 shows electron micrograph images of two exemplary 3xxx series aluminum alloy samples as-cast and after being processed according to two different processing schemes. 2 shows electrical conductivity data for two exemplary 3xxx series aluminum alloy samples processed according to two different processing schemes. 2 shows electron micrograph images of two exemplary 3xxx series aluminum alloy samples processed according to two different processing schemes. 2 shows electron micrograph images of two exemplary 3xxx series aluminum alloy samples processed according to two different processing schemes. 2 shows the grain size distribution of two exemplary 3xxx series aluminum alloy samples processed according to two different processing schemes. 2 shows images of two exemplary 3xxx series aluminum alloy samples processed according to two different processing schemes. 2 shows images of two exemplary 3xxx series aluminum alloy samples processed according to two different processing schemes. A and B present charts showing the tensile properties of two exemplary 3xxx series aluminum alloy samples processed according to two different processing schemes. A and B show plots showing the results of bendability testing of two exemplary 3xxx series aluminum alloy specimens processed according to two different processing schemes.

The present disclosure provides aluminum alloy products and methods of making and processing aluminum alloys and aluminum alloy products. In some examples, aluminum alloys used in the methods and products described herein include, for example, 3xxx series aluminum alloys, 4xxx series aluminum alloys, 5xxx series aluminum alloys, or 6xxx series aluminum alloys. In some examples, an aluminum alloy can include an alloy matrix that includes aluminum, magnesium, manganese, silicon, iron, and optionally copper. As a non-limiting example, 3xxx series aluminum alloys may be particularly useful in the methods and products of the present disclosure. Exemplary 3xxx series (also referred to herein as AA3xxx series) aluminum alloys for use in the methods and products described herein include: , AA3403, AA3004, AA3004A, AA3104, AA3204, AA3304, AA3005, AA3005A, AA3405, AA3405A, AA3405B, AA3007, AA3407, AA3207, AA3207A, AA3307, AA3 009, AA3010, AA3410, AA3011, AA3012, AA3012A, AA3013, AA3014, AA3015 , AA3016, AA3017, AA3019, AA3020, AA3021, AA3025, AA3026, AA3030, AA3130, or AA3065.

Specifically, the present disclosure relates to aluminum alloy products with improved formability. The formation of large grains in the aluminum alloy product can reduce the formability of the aluminum alloy product. This is because large grains can increase crack susceptibility and reduce the overall strength of the aluminum alloy product. Voids may form around grains, especially large grains, within the aluminum alloy material. Large grains often have increased porosity and reduced ductility and can be more brittle than the aluminum alloy material surrounding the grains. Differences in material properties between the particles and the aluminum alloy matrix can concentrate stresses or strains applied to the aluminum alloy product around the particles. The larger the particle, the greater the tendency for stress or strain to concentrate around the particle. For example, excessive or overly large particles can cause tearing during manufacturing processes such as during drawing or necking of aluminum alloys due to weak points formed around the particles. In other scenarios, large particles can cause cracking or breaking of aluminum alloy products during use.

A common approach to increasing moldability is to reduce particle size. However, as the alloy composition is fixed as the grain size decreases, the grain density of the aluminum alloy within a given volume increases. This is because the particle size can simply be reduced by breaking the particles into multiple smaller particles. An increase in grain density can also adversely affect the formability of aluminum alloy products. As particle density increases, particles generally move closer together and the spacing between adjacent particles (interparticle spacing) decreases. Decreasing or shrinking inter-particle spacing can result in less energy required for crack propagation because cracks can preferentially propagate between particles when the particles are placed closer together can be a problem. For example, when an aluminum alloy is stressed or strained (i.e., stretched or stretched) through use or during the manufacturing process, cracks may develop from voids that exist around grains or weak points within the aluminum alloy. may be formed. Crack propagation from weak points around particles can increase as the interparticle spacing is reduced because less energy is required for the crack to reach the next closest particle. Therefore, in some cases, reducing grain size can actually adversely affect the formability of aluminum alloy products.

Therefore, controlling grain size and inter-grain spacing can be useful for making aluminum alloy products with improved or optimal formability. Advantageously, the aluminum alloy products described herein may exhibit grain sizes and intergranular spacings that limit or reduce tearing and/or stress-induced cracking (i.e., improve formability). cause). Specifically, the aluminum alloys disclosed herein can include an elemental composition that allows for the formation of preferred grain sizes and preferred intergranular spacings.

The aluminum alloys disclosed herein may also allow for increased recycled content. Increasing the reclaim content of an aluminum alloy can reduce the formability of the aluminum alloy product due to the prevalence of certain alloying constituents in the reclaim content. Reclaim content is generally a mixture of several different types of materials. Accordingly, the composition of the reclaim content may contain undesirable components in undesirable amounts. In general, mixed compositions can produce undesirable particles during casting and/or processing. For example, particles may exhibit undesirable composition, sizing, and/or spacing. Thus, by using the techniques of the present disclosure, grain size and grain density can be controlled to levels that can complement the composition of the mixture, thus without affecting the forming properties of the resulting aluminum alloy product. It can be compatible with large amounts of recycled content.

The aluminum alloy product can be prepared by casting an aluminum alloy to form a cast aluminum alloy product and homogenizing the cast aluminum alloy product to form a homogenized aluminum alloy product. During the casting process, an aluminum alloy product containing iron and manganese may produce intermetallic particles containing Al and one or more of Fe or Mn, herein referred to as in cast aluminum alloy products. can be referred to as Al—(Fe, Mn) intermetallic particles or β-phase intermetallic particles. When silicon is present, intermetallic particles comprising Al, Si and one or more of Fe or Mn (also referred to herein as Al—(Fe,Mn)—Si intermetallic particles or α-phase intermetallic particles) ) can also be generated. Many aluminum alloys can contain such intermetallic particles when cast, since iron and silicon are generally present in almost all aluminum alloys to some extent.

Each of these grain types exhibits different properties and contributes in different ways to the structure of aluminum alloys. For example, in general, beta-phase particles tend to be larger and more massive or geometric than alpha-phase particles, which tend to be harder and smaller than beta-phase particles. During hot and cold rolling, intermetallic particles may be fractured, eg their size, distribution and number density can be affected.

The presence of intermetallic particles in cast aluminum alloy products can be beneficial. For example, aluminum alloys containing intermetallic particles can be beneficial in forming aluminum beverage containers because the intermetallic particles can be significantly harder than the rest of the aluminum alloy product. During drawing, ironing, and necking, hard intermetallic particles can reduce galling by cleaning the mold surface. For example, the intermetallic particles can abrade the mold of drawing, ironing, and necking to reduce or remove metal buildup on the mold surface.

As the beverage container fabrication process progresses through various squeezing, ironing and necking processes, the wall thickness is reduced. However, the presence of β-phase intermetallic particles can be detrimental when wall thickness is reduced during these processes if the β-phase particles are too large or present in too much amount. Excess beta-phase particles or excessively large beta-phase particles can cause tearing during squeezing or necking, where the beverage container wall splits or breaks, damaging the beverage container wall. In some cases, tearing interrupts the manufacturing process as the wall portion may be completely separated from the damaged beverage container and may need to be removed from within the mold or other manufacturing equipment.

Advantageously, however, the aluminum alloy products described herein exhibit intermetallic particle sizes, distributions, concentrations, and compositions that limit or reduce tearing. By using an increasing ratio of silicon to iron, the aluminum alloy products of the present disclosure can be made, for example, by converting beta-phase intermetallic particles to alpha-phase intermetallic particles during the homogenization process. can be preferentially generated.

Additionally, during homogenization at elevated temperatures, alloying elements can diffuse and migrate throughout the crystal structure of the cast aluminum alloy product, altering the size, distribution, concentration, and composition of intermetallic particles. For example, silicon atoms present in the aluminum crystal structure can diffuse into β-phase intermetallic particles, converting the particles to alpha-phase intermetallic particles. Silicon may be present in small amounts, such as less than about 1 wt%, and may take considerable time for silicon to diffuse and accumulate in the beta-phase intermetallic particles of the cast product, thus long periods of homogenization. can be useful in effecting significant transformation of β-phase intermetallic particles. For example, homogenization at elevated temperature for a duration greater than 12 hours or 24 hours can diffuse silicon from the aluminum alloy and convert at least a portion of the beta phase intermetallic particles to alpha phase intermetallic particles.

Exemplary homogenization conditions can include soaking the cast aluminum alloy product at elevated temperatures for 12 hours or 24 hours or more. For example, soaking can be performed at a homogenization temperature of about 575°C to about 615°C, about 580°C to about 610°C, or about 585°C to about 605°C. A secondary homogenization process may also be useful in some embodiments. For example, the temperature of the homogenized aluminum alloy product can be reduced to a lower temperature, and the aluminum alloy product can be held (soaked) at the lower temperature for a specified period of time. Exemplary secondary homogenization temperatures include about 500° C. to about 600° C., and may depend on the particular alloy. Exemplary secondary homogenization soak durations include from about 1 hour to about 24 hours. This type of secondary homogenization at low temperatures can be useful in controlling and/or improving the surface quality or properties of homogenized aluminum alloy products.

During homogenization, the size, composition, concentration, and distribution of intermetallic particles may change. For example, the beta-phase intermetallic particles can incorporate silicon atoms and be at least partially converted to alpha-phase particles, thereby reducing the size of the remaining beta-phase intermetallic particles. Therefore, the average size of the β-phase intermetallic particles can decrease during homogenization or soaking. Similarly, the number density of β-phase intermetallic particles may decrease during homogenization or soaking. In some embodiments, an amount of β-phase intermetallic particles is converted to α-phase intermetallic particles during homogenization or soaking, such as from about 30% to about 100%. The number density of alpha phase intermetallic particles can increase during homogenization or soaking. A number density ratio of alpha phase to beta phase intermetallic particles of from about 2 to about 1000 can be achieved by the extended homogenization process described herein. However, in as-cast, the number density ratio of alpha phase intermetallic particles to beta phase intermetallic particles can be, for example, from about 0.3 to about 3.

Aluminum alloys used in the methods and products described herein may correspond to recycled materials, such as recycled beverage containers. In the process of casting aluminum alloys, raw materials such as recycled beverage containers can be melted to prepare molten aluminum alloys. Since beverage containers tend to include 3xxx series manganese-containing aluminum alloys (e.g. AA3104) and 5xxx series magnesium-containing aluminum alloys (e.g. AA5182), this raw material is a novel aluminum for making novel beverage containers. It can be useful in preparing alloy products. Additional silicon sources can be used if the ratio of silicon to iron (eg, wt % ratio) needs to be increased to obtain the above benefits with respect to the intermetallic particles. For example, other silicon-containing alloys such as 4xxx series aluminum alloys or 6xxx series aluminum alloys can be added to the molten aluminum. In some cases, these supplemental sources of silicon may correspond to recycled aluminum alloy materials.

Non-limiting exemplary AA4xxx series alloys for use in the methods described herein include: , AA4017, AA4018, AA4019, AA4020, AA4021, AA4026, AA4032, AA4043, AA4043A, AA4143, AA4343, AA4643, AA4943, AA4044, AA4045, AA4145, AA4145A , AA4046, AA4047, AA4047A, or AA4147.

In the non -limited -limited AA6XXXx system alloy for using the method described in this book, AA6101, AA6101A, AA6101B, AA6201A, AA6201A, AA6401, AA6501, AA6002, AA6103, AA6103, AA6103, AA6103, AA6103, AA6103 6005, AA6005A, AA6005B , AA6005C, AA6105, AA6205, AA6305, AA6006, AA6106, AA6206, AA6306, AA6008, AA6009, AA6010, AA6110, AA6110A, AA6011, AA6111, AA6012, AA6012 A, AA6013, AA6113, AA6014, AA6015, AA6016, AA6016A, AA6116, AA6018 , AA6019, AA6020, AA6021, AA6022, AA6023, AA6024, AA6025, AA6026, AA6027, AA6028, AA6031, AA6032, AA6033, AA6040, AA6041, AA6042, AA6043, A A6151, AA6351, AA6351A, AA6451, AA6951, AA6053, AA6055, AA6056 , AA6156, AA6060, AA6160, AA6260, AA6360, AA6460, AA6460B, AA6560, AA6660, AA6061, AA6061A, AA6261, AA6361, AA6162, AA6262, AA6262A, AA606 3, AA6063A, AA6463, AA6463A, AA6763, A6963, AA6064, AA6064A, AA6065 , AA6066, AA6068, AA6069, AA6070, AA6081, AA6181, AA6181A, AA6082, AA6082A, AA6182, AA6091, or AA6092.

Definitions and explanations:
As used herein, the terms "invention,""theinvention,""thisinvention," and "the present invention" may broadly refer to the subject matter of this patent application and all of the following claims. intended. Statements containing these terms should not be understood to limit the subject matter described herein or limit the meaning or scope of the following claims.

Reference is made herein to alloys identified by AA numbers and other associated designations, such as "series" or "3xxx". For an understanding of the numbering systems most commonly used to name and identify aluminum and its alloys, see "International Alloy Designations and Chemical Composition Limits for Wrought Aluminum and Wrought Aluminum Alloys" or "Registration Re cord of Aluminum Association Alloy Designations and Chemical Compositions Limits for Aluminum Alloys in the Form of Castings and Ingot," both published by The Aluminum Association.

As used herein, plates generally have a thickness greater than about 15 mm. For example, the plate may be greater than about 15 mm, greater than about 20 mm, greater than about 25 mm, greater than about 30 mm, greater than about 35 mm, greater than about 40 mm, greater than about 45 mm, greater than about 50 mm, or greater than about 100 mm. It can refer to an aluminum alloy product with thickness.

As used herein, a sheet (also referred to as a sheet plate) generally has a thickness of about 4mm to about 15mm. For example, the sheet can have a thickness of about 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm, 8 mm, 9 mm, 10 mm, 11 mm, 12 mm, 13 mm, 14 mm, or 15 mm.

As used herein, sheet generally refers to aluminum alloy products having a thickness of less than about 4 mm. For example, the sheet can have a thickness of less than about 4 mm, less than about 3 mm, less than about 2 mm, less than about 1 mm, less than about 0.5 mm, or less than about 0.3 mm (eg, about 0.2 mm).

As used herein, terms such as "cast metal product", "cast product", "cast aluminum alloy product" are interchangeable and refer to direct chill casting (including direct chill co-casting) or semi-continuous casting. Casting, continuous casting (including, for example, by use of a twin belt caster, twin roll caster, block caster, or any other continuous casting machine), electromagnetic casting, hot top casting, or any other casting Refers to products manufactured by law.

As used herein, the term "room temperature" includes a temperature of about 15°C to 30°C, such as about 15°C, 16°C, 17°C, 18°C, 19°C, 20°C, 21°C, 22°C, 23°C, 24°C, 25°C, 26°C, 27°C, 28°C, 29°C, or 30°C may be included. As used herein, the meaning of "ambient conditions" includes a temperature of about room temperature, a relative humidity of about 20% to about 100%, and an atmospheric pressure of about 975 millibar (mbar) to about 4050 mbar. obtain. For example, the relative humidity is approximately 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%. %, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67% , 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84% %, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or anything in between. For example, atmospheric pressure is about 975 mbar, 980 mbar, 985 mbar, 990 mbar, 995 mbar, 1000 mbar, 1005 mbar, 1010 mbar, 1015 mbar, 1020 mbar, 1025 mbar, 1030 mbar, 1035 mbar, 1040 mbar, 1045 mbar, 4050 mbar, or anything in between.

It is to be understood that all ranges disclosed herein are intended to encompass any and all subranges subsumed therein. For example, a recited range "1 to 10" should be considered to include any and all subranges between the minimum value of 1 and the maximum value of 10, inclusive. That is, all subranges start with a minimum value of 1 or greater (eg, 1-6.1) and end with a maximum value of 10 or less (eg, 5.5-10). Unless otherwise specified, the phrase "maximum" when referring to a compositional amount of an element is meant to include compositions where that element is optional and that particular element is zero percent. Unless otherwise specified, all compositional percentages are weight percent (wt%).

As used herein, the meanings of "a," "an," and "the" include singular and plural references unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

Particle Size and Intergranular Spacing of Aluminum Alloys and Aluminum Alloy Products Aspects of the present disclosure relate to aluminum alloy products and methods of making aluminum alloy products having preferred particle sizes and intergranular spacings for improved formability. For example, the disclosed aluminum alloy product can have an elemental composition that allows for the production of preferred grain sizes while maintaining intergranular spacing at a level sufficient to reduce crack formation and propagation. In general, the size of included particles (eg, intermetallic particles) can be reduced to increase the formability of aluminum alloy products. However, as the grain size within the aluminum alloy product is reduced, the grain density may increase and the intergranular spacing may decrease. Undesirably, as the intergranular spacing decreases, this can increase crack susceptibility and adversely affect formability. However, the disclosed methods, techniques, and products overcome this property by controlling intergranular spacing and grain size to levels that minimize or reduce crack susceptibility and crack propagation, resulting in products with improved molding properties. Bring.

FIG. 1 shows a graph 100 illustrating the relationship between average particle size and moldability. Line 110 corresponds to a theoretical approach to improving formability. The theoretical approach indicated by line 110 may illustrate conventional approaches to improving moldability by reducing grain size. As shown by line 110, as the grain size increases, the formability of the aluminum alloy product will decrease. Conversely, as the particle size decreases, the moldability should theoretically improve. However, if the overall composition of the aluminum alloy product is held constant, such a relationship does not hold true in practice. For example, if the average particle size decreases at a fixed composition, the quantity and number density should increase as large particles break down into smaller sized particles. Line 120 indicates that the relationship between particle size and product formability may not actually be linear. Alternatively, the relationship between particle size and product formability may be non-linear, reflecting optimal forming properties at moderate particle sizes. As the particle size increases, the formability may also increase within the initial range of particle sizes, according to line 120 starting at the starting point. However, once the particle size reaches a certain point, the moldability of the product can start to decrease again. The relationship between formability and grain size illustrated by line 120 can represent how both grain size and inter-grain spacing affect the formability of an aluminum alloy product.

A reduction in grain size can result in an increase in grain density within a given volume of an aluminum alloy if the composition remains fixed. An increase in density can mean that the particles are placed closer together or, in other words, the interparticle spacing between particles can be reduced. The shorter the intergranular spacing, the easier it is for a crack to propagate from one grain to the next grain, the next grain, etc. A small interparticle spacing can adversely affect moldability as it is susceptible to brittleness. However, as the interparticle spacing increases, it may be necessary to increase the particle size if the composition is fixed (i.e., if the total volume or mass of the particles is held constant), resulting in larger Particles are formed and the particle number density is reduced. As the interparticle spacing increases, more energy or force may be required for cracks to propagate from particle to particle, reducing crack susceptibility to some extent, but the resulting larger particles are still at crack initiation or It can act as a point of vulnerability. As previously mentioned, larger particles tend to form voids within the aluminum alloy material, which can concentrate deformation forces when the aluminum alloy product is under stress or strain. Therefore, although larger grains correspond to larger intergranular spacings and can concentrate the energy of crack propagation more, larger grains also act as crack initiation points and are more general points of weakness within the aluminum alloy. can result in Therefore, the particle size and inter-particle spacing must be balanced to achieve optimum moldability. Figures 2A-2D show schematic diagrams of aluminum alloy samples and show how smaller grain sizes can adversely affect the formability of aluminum alloys. An aluminum alloy 210 is illustrated in FIG. 2A. Aluminum alloy 210 includes a plurality of grains 220 . Particles 220 may include various types of particles. For example, plurality of particles 220 may include one or more of constituent particles, intermetallic particles, oxides, precipitates, or hardened particles. In some embodiments, particles 220 may include iron-containing particles and/or manganese dispersoids. Particles 220 may include one or more intermetallic particles. For example, particles 220 can include alpha phase intermetallic particles and beta phase intermetallic particles. Aluminum alloy 210 may have a higher proportion of alpha phase intermetallic particles than beta phase intermetallic particles, which means that the alpha phase intermetallic particles tend to be smaller and less agglomerated than the beta phase intermetallic particles. Therefore, it may correspond to a small average particle size. In some embodiments, iron-containing particles may account for 1% to 4% of the total volume of the aluminum alloy. For example, the iron-containing particles can comprise 1%-2%, 1%-3%, 2%-3%, 2%-4%, or 3%-4% of the total volume of the aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, the iron-containing particles are 1 μm to 40 μm, such as 2 μm to 40 μm, 5 μm to 40 μm, 7 μm to 40 μm, 10 μm to 40 μm, 15 μm to 40 μm, 20 μm to 40 μm, 25 μm to 40 μm, 30 μm to 40 μm, or may have a diameter of 35 μm to 40 μm. In some embodiments, references to the particle diameter of the iron-containing particles can be to the majority of the iron-containing particles. For example, a statement that the iron-containing particles have a diameter between 1 μm and 40 μm means that the majority (i.e., greater than 50%) of the iron-containing particles have diameters between 1 μm and 40 μm, or 80% of the iron-containing particles have diameters between 1 μm and 40 μm. can be meant to have a diameter of

A force 230 applied to the aluminum alloy 210 is shown in FIG. 2B. Force 230 may illustrate forces commonly applied during the manufacturing process or during use of products made from aluminum alloy 210 . For example, aluminum alloy 210 may be under stress during drawing processes, rolling processes, stamping processes, and the like. In some cases, force 230 may represent force applied after manufacturing (eg, directly to an aluminum alloy product or article prepared from aluminum alloy 210).

Force 230 may cause crack 240 to start around grain 220 and propagate through aluminum alloy 210, as illustrated in FIG. 2C. As noted above, particles 220 may act as points of weakness or force concentration within aluminum alloy 210 . Larger particles tend to form larger points of weakness, but smaller particles can also act as points of weakness by forming voids or concentrating deformation forces when force 230 is applied. In part, because the particles 220 have a different material composition than the bulk of the aluminum alloy 210, interfaces between the particles and the surrounding alloy can act as weak points, for example. Differences in hardness, porosity, ductility, and brittleness can all affect the formation of weak points around particles 220 .

As illustrated in FIG. 2B, particles 220 may be separated as indicated by inter-particle spacings 225 . Interparticle spacing 225 may correspond to the average or shortest distance between two particles. As noted above, in some embodiments, if the volume fraction of particles 220 remains the same, inter-particle spacing 225 can be directly correlated to particle density. For example, interparticle spacing 225 may decrease as the density of particles increases. Conversely, inter-particle spacing 225 may increase as particle density decreases.

Figures 2C and 2D can illustrate how a decrease in interparticle spacing 225 can adversely affect formability. If interparticle spacing 225 is too small, cracks 240 can propagate easily between particles 220 . As shown in FIG. 2C, crack 240 propagation may follow the lowest energy path. For example, crack 240 may propagate to the next nearest weak point, such as grain 220 in aluminum alloy 210 . Reducing interparticle spacing 225 may require less energy for crack 240 to propagate from one particle to the next. Less energy may correspond to less material for the crack 240 to move. In contrast, if the interparticle spacing 225 is larger, more material may be present between the crack initiation point and the defect, and thus more energy may be required for the crack 240 to propagate to the next weak point.

As particle density increases and interparticle spacing 225 decreases, cracks 240 can easily propagate to nearby particles 220 . This can cause a domino effect of crack propagation and ultimately lead to complete fracture or shear 250 of the aluminum alloy 210 as shown in FIG. 2D. Breaking or shearing 250 can result in breakage or separation of large pieces of aluminum alloy 210 from the bulk of aluminum alloy 210 . Fractures 250 can affect the integrity and strength of aluminum alloy 210 .

FIG. 3 shows an optical micrograph image 300 of a crack 340 propagating between a large defect 350 and a grain 320 in an aluminum alloy. The aluminum alloy shown in FIG. 3 may correspond to an aluminum alloy having a relatively small grain size and an overall small average inter-grain spacing 325 . In some cases, defect 350 may be a void, crack or crack initiation point, weak point, or another particle within the aluminum alloy. As shown in image 300 , crack 340 may propagate between defect 350 and the next closest particle 320 . Additional defects 352 may be present or formed around particles 320 . In some cases, defect 352 can act as a point of weakness. Crack 340 may propagate to particle 320 along a low energy path between defect 350 and defect 352 . Further application of stress or force can increase crack size and promote propagation.

The aluminum alloys and related products discussed herein can achieve preferred intergranular spacing while maintaining preferred grain size. In some embodiments, the aluminum alloys provided herein can have an intergranular spacing of about 1 μm to about 25 μm. For example, the interparticle spacing is about 1 μm to about 25 μm, 1 μm to 2 μm, 1 μm to 5 μm, 1 μm to 7 μm, 1 μm to 10 μm, 1 μm to 12 μm, 1 μm to 15 μm, 1 μm to 17 μm, 1 μm to 20 μm, 1 μm to 22 μm, 1 μm. ~25 μm, 2 μm to 5 μm, 2 μm to 7 μm, 2 μm to 10 μm, 2 μm to 12 μm, 2 μm to 15 μm, 2 μm to 17 μm, 2 μm to 20 μm, 2 μm to 22 μm, 2 μm to 25 μm, 5 μm to 7 μm, 5 μm to 10 μm, 5 μm to 12 μm . ~12 µm, 10 µm ~ 15 µm, 10 µm ~ 17 µm, 10 µm ~ 20 µm, 10 µm ~ 22 µm, 10 µm ~ 25 µm, 12 µm ~ 15 µm, 12 µm ~ 17 µm, 12 µm ~ 20 µm, 12 µm ~ 22 µm, 12 µm ~ 25 µm, 15 µm ~ 17 µm, 15 µm ~ 2 0 μm , 15 μm to 22 μm, 15 μm to 25 μm, 17 μm to 20 μm, 17 μm to 22 μm, 17 μm to 25 μm, 20 μm to 22 μm, 20 μm to 25 μm, or 22 μm to 25 μm. In some embodiments, interparticle spacing can be described in relation to a majority (greater than 50%) of the plurality of particles. For example, 80 percent or more of the plurality of grains within the aluminum alloy may have an inter-grain spacing of 1 μm to 25 μm.

The size and density of the grains within the aluminum alloy can be controlled or limited to achieve the desired intergranular spacing. Particle density can be expressed as the number of particles per unit volume (eg, particles per μm ³ ) or the number of particles per unit area (eg, particles per μm ² ). The use of particle density as the number of particles per unit area can represent a two-dimensional slice of the aluminum alloy or product by obtaining a scanning electron micrograph image or an optical micrograph image of an area of the aluminum alloy or product and It can be useful for rapid characterization of the number of particles in an aluminum alloy or product by counting the number of particles in an aluminum alloy or product. In some examples, multiple images can be acquired to provide a representative sample of the aluminum alloy or product, such as for particle counting or confirmation of particle density. In some examples, the aluminum alloy is prepared such that the particle density is between 5 and 30,000 particles/μm ² (eg, between 8 and 1,400 particles/μm ² ) while maintaining a particle diameter between 100 nm and 50 μm. May be or can be controlled. As used herein, particle diameter can be used to quantify particle size. In some cases, the particle density and/or diameter can be determined by obtaining scanning electron micrograph image(s) or optical micrograph image(s) of one or more regions of the aluminum alloy or article and analyzing the image(s). ) by counting or evaluating the particles in the

Optionally, the particle density is 5-30,000 particles/μm ² , such as 10-25,000, 10-20,000, 10-15,000, 10-10,000, 10-9,500, 10-9,000, 10-8,500, 10-8,000, 10-7,500, 10-7,000, 10-6,500, 10-6,000, 10-5,500, 10- 5,000, 10-4,500, 10-4,000, 10-3,500, 10-3,000, 10-2,500, 10-2,000, 10-1,500, 10-1, 000, 10-950, 10-900, 10-850, 10-800, 10-750, 10-700, 10-650, 10-600, 10-550, 10-500, 10-450, 10-400, 10-350, 10-300, 10-250, 10-200, 10-150, 10-100, 10-75, 10-50, 10-25, 25-30,000, 25-25,000, 25- 20,000, 25-15,000, 25-10,000, 25-9,500, 25-9,000, 25-8,500, 25-8,000, 25-7,500, 25-7, 000, 25-6,500, 25-6,000, 25-5,500, 25-5,000, 25-4,500, 25-4,000, 25-3,500, 25-3,000, 25-2,500, 25-2,000, 25-1,500, 25-1,000, 25-950, 25-900, 25-850, 25-800, 25-750, 25-700, 25- 650, 25-600, 25-550, 25-500, 25-450, 25-400, 25-350, 25-300, 25-250, 25-200, 25-150, 25-100, 25-75, 25-50, 50-30,000, 50-25,000, 50-20,000, 50-15,000, 50-10,000, 50-9,500, 50-9,000, 50-8, 500, 50-8,000, 50-7,500, 50-7,000, 50-6,500, 50-6,000, 50-5,500, 50-5,000, 50-4,500, 50 to 4,000, 50 to 3,500, 50 to 3,000, 50 to 2,500, 50 to 2,000, 50 to 1,500, 50 to 1,000, 50 to 950, 50 to 900, 50-850, 50-800, 50-750, 50-700, 50-650, 50-600, 50-550, 50-500, 50-450, 50-400, 50-350, 50-300, 50- 250, 50-200, 50-150, 50-100, 50-75, 75-30,000, 75-25,000, 75-20,000, 75-15,000, 75-10,000, 75- 9,500, 75-9,000, 75-8,500, 75-8,000, 75-7,500, 75-7,000, 75-6,500, 75-6,000, 75-5, 500, 75-5,000, 75-4,500, 75-4,000, 75-3,500, 75-3,000, 75-2,500, 75-2,000, 75-1,500, 75-1,000, 75-950, 75-900, 75-850, 75-800, 75-750, 75-700, 75-650, 75-600, 75-550, 75-500, 75-450, 75-400, 75-350, 75-300, 75-250, 75-200, 75-150, 75-100, 100-30,000, 100-25,000, 100-20,000, 100-15, 000, 100-10,000, 100-9,500, 100-9,000, 100-8,500, 100-8,000, 100-7,500, 100-7,000, 100-6,500, 100-6,000, 100-5,500, 100-5,000, 100-4,500, 100-4,000, 100-3,500, 100-3,000, 100-2,500, 100- 2,000, 100-1,500, 100-1,000, 100-950, 100-900, 100-850, 100-800, 100-750, 100-700, 100-650, 100-600, 100- 550, 100-500, 100-450, 100-400, 100-350, 100-300, 100-250, 100-200, 100-150, 150-30,000, 150-25,000, 150-20, 000, 150-15,000, 150-10,000, 150-9,500, 150-9,000, 150-8,500, 150-8,000, 150-7,500, 150-7,000, 150-6,500, 150-6,000, 150-5,500, 150-5,000, 150-4,500, 150-4,000, 150-3,500, 150-3,000, 150- 2,500, 150-2,000, 150-1,500, 150-1,000, 150-950, 150-900, 150-850, 150-800, 150-750, 150-700, 150-650, 150-600, 150-550, 150-500, 150-450, 150-400, 150-350, 150-300, 150-250, 150-200, 200-30,000, 200-25,000, 200- 20,000, 200-15,000, 200-10,000, 200-9,500, 200-9,000, 200-8,500, 200-8,000, 200-7,500, 200-7, 000, 200-6,500, 200-6,000, 200-5,500, 200-5,000, 200-4,500, 200-4,000, 200-3,500, 200-3,000, 200-2,500, 200-2,000, 200-1,500, 200-1,000, 200-950, 200-900, 200-850, 200-800, 200-750, 200-700, 200- 650, 200-600, 200-550, 200-500, 200-450, 200-400, 200-350, 200-300, 200-250, 250-30,000, 250-25,000, 250-20, 000, 250-15,000, 250-10,000, 250-9,500, 250-9,000, 250-8,500, 250-8,000, 250-7,500, 250-7,000, 250-6,500, 250-6,000, 250-5,500, 250-5,000, 250-4,500, 250-4,000, 250-3,500, 250-3,000, 250- 2,500, 250-2,000, 250-1,500, 250-1,000, 250-950, 250-900, 250-850, 250-800, 250-750, 250-700, 250-650, 250-600, 250-550, 250-500, 250-450, 250-400, 250-350, 250-300, 300-30,000, 300-25,000, 300-20,000, 300-15, 000, 300-10,000, 300-9,500, 300-9,000, 300-8,500, 300-8,000, 300-7,500, 300-7,000, 300-6,500, 300-6,000, 300-5,500, 300-5,000, 300-4,500, 300-4,000, 300-3,500, 300-3,000, 300-2,500, 300- 2,000, 300-1,500, 300-1,000, 300-950, 300-900, 300-850, 300-800, 300-750, 300-700, 300-650, 300-600, 300- 550, 300-500, 300-450, 300-400, 300-350, 350-30,000, 350-25,000, 350-20,000, 350-15,000, 350-10,000, 350- 9,500, 350-9,000, 350-8,500, 350-8,000, 350-7,500, 350-7,000, 350-6,500, 350-6,000, 350-5, 500, 350-5,000, 350-4,500, 350-4,000, 350-3,500, 350-3,000, 350-2,500, 350-2,000, 350-1,500, 350-1,000, 350-950, 350-900, 350-850, 350-800, 350-750, 350-700, 350-650, 350-600, 350-550, 350-500, 350-450, 350-400, 400-30,000, 400-25,000, 400-20,000, 400-15,000, 400-10,000, 400-9,500, 400-9,000, 400-8, 500, 400-8,000, 400-7,500, 400-7,000, 400-6,500, 400-6,000, 400-5,500, 400-5,000, 400-4,500, 400-4,000, 400-3,500, 400-3,000, 400-2,500, 400-2,000, 400-1,500, 400-1,000, 400-950, 400-900, 400-850, 400-800, 400-750, 400-700, 400-650, 400-600, 400-550, 400-500, 400-450, 450-30,000, 450-25,000, 450- 20,000, 450-15,000, 450-10,000, 450-9,500, 450-9,000, 450-8,500, 450-8,000, 450-7,500, 450-7, 000, 450-6,500, 450-6,000, 450-5,500, 450-5,000, 450-4,500, 450-4,000, 450-3,500, 450-3,000, 450-2,500, 450-2,000, 450-1,500, 450-1,000, 450-950, 450-900, 450-850, 450-800, 450-750, 450-700, 450- 650, 450-600, 450-550, 450-500, 500-30,000, 500-25,000, 500-20,000, 500-15,000, 500-10,000, 500-9,500, 500-9,000, 500-8,500, 500-8,000, 500-7,500, 500-7,000, 500-6,500, 500-6,000, 500-5,500, 500- 5,000, 500-4,500, 500-4,000, 500-3,500, 500-3,000, 500-2,500, 500-2,000, 500-1,500, 500-1, 000, 500-950, 500-900, 500-850, 500-800, 500-750, 500-700, 500-650, 500-600, 500-550, 600-30,000, 600-25,000, 600-20,000, 600-15,000, 600-10,000, 600-9,500, 600-9,000, 600-8,500, 600-8,000, 600-7,500, 600- 7,000, 600-6,500, 600-6,000, 600-5,500, 600-5,000, 600-4,500, 600-4,000, 600-3,500, 600-3, 000, 600-2,500, 600-2,000, 600-1,500, 600-1,000, 600-950, 600-900, 600-850, 600-800, 600-750, 600-700, 600-650, 700-30,000, 700-25,000, 700-20,000, 700-15,000, 700-10,000, 700-9,500, 700-9,000, 700-8, 500, 700-8,000, 700-7,500, 700-7,000, 700-6,500, 700-6,000, 700-5,500, 700-5,000, 700-4,500, 700-4,000, 700-3,500, 700-3,000, 700-2,500, 700-2,000, 700-1,500, 700-1,000, 700-950, 700-900, 700-850, 700-800, 700-750, 800-30,000, 800-25,000, 800-20,000, 800-15,000, 800-10,000, 800-9,500, 800- 9,000, 800 to 8,500, 8
00-8,000, 800-7,500, 800-7,000, 800-6,500, 800-6,000, 800-5,500, 800-5,000, 800-4,500, 800- 4,000, 800-3,500, 800-3,000, 800-2,500, 800-2,000, 800-1,500, 800-1,000, 800-950, 800-900, 800- 850, 900-30,000, 900-25,000, 900-20,000, 900-15,000, 900-10,000, 900-9,500, 900-9,000, 900-8,500, 900-8,000, 900-7,500, 900-7,000, 900-6,500, 900-6,000, 900-5,500, 900-5,000, 900-4,500, 900- 4,000, 900-3,500, 900-3,000, 900-2,500, 900-2,000, 900-1,500, 900-1,000, 900-950, 1,000-30, 000, 1,000 to 25,000, 1,000 to 20,000, 1,000 to 15,000, 1,000 to 10,000, 1,000 to 9,500, 1,000 to 9,000, 1,000-8,500, 1,000-8,000, 1,000-7,500, 1,000-7,000, 1,000-6,500, 1,000-6,000, 1, 000-5,500, 1,000-5,000, 1,000-4,500, 1,000-4,000, 1,000-3,500, 1,000-3,000, 1,000- 2,500, 1,000-2,000, 1,000-1,500, 2,000-30,000, 2,000-25,000, 2,000-20,000, 2,000-15, 000, 2,000 to 10,000, 2,000 to 9,500, 2,000 to 9,000, 2,000 to 8,500, 2,000 to 8,000, 2,000 to 7,500, 2,000 to 7,000, 2,000 to 6,500, 2,000 to 6,000, 2,000 to 5,500, 2,000 to 5,000, 2,000 to 4,500, 2, 000-4,000, 2,000-3,500, 2,000-3,000, 2,000-2,500, 3,000-30,000, 3,000-25,000, 3,000- 20,000, 3,000-15,000, 3,000-10,000, 3,000-9,500, 3,000-9,000, 3,000-8,500, 3,000-8, 000, 3,000 to 7,500, 3,000 to 7,000, 3,000 to 6,500, 3,000 to 6,000, 3,000 to 5,500, 3,000 to 5,000, 3,000-4,500, 3,000-4,000, 3,000-3,500, 4,000-30,000, 4,000-25,000, 4,000-20,000, 4, 000-15,000, 4,000-10,000, 4,000-9,500, 4,000-9,000, 4,000-8,500, 4,000-8,000, 4,000- 7,500, 4,000-7,000, 4,000-6,500, 4,000-6,000, 4,000-5,500, 4,000-5,000, 4,000-4, 500, 5,000 to 30,000, 5,000 to 25,000, 5,000 to 20,000, 5,000 to 15,000, 5,000 to 10,000, 5,000 to 9,500, 5,000 to 9,000, 5,000 to 8,500, 5,000 to 8,000, 5,000 to 7,500, 5,000 to 7,000, 5,000 to 6,500, 5, 000-6,000, 5,000-5,500, 6,000-30,000, 6,000-25,000, 6,000-20,000, 6,000-15,000, 6,000- 10,000, 6,000-9,500, 6,000-9,000, 6,000-8,500, 6,000-8,000, 6,000-7,500, 6,000-7, 000, 6,000 to 6,500, 7,000 to 30,000, 7,000 to 25,000, 7,000 to 20,000, 7,000 to 15,000, 7,000 to 10,000, 7,000-9,500, 7,000-9,000, 7,000-8,500, 7,000-8,000, 7,000-7,500, 8,000-30,000, 8, 000-25,000, 8,000-20,000, 8,000-15,000, 8,000-10,000, 8,000-9,500, 8,000-9,000, 8,000- 8,500, 9,000-30,000, 9,000-25,000, 9,000-20,000, 9,000-15,000, 9,000-10,000, 9,000-9, 500, 10,000-30,000, 10,000-25,000, 10,000-20,000, 10,000-15,000, 15,000-30,000, 15,000-25,000, It can be 15,000 to 20,000, 20,000 to 30,000, 20,000 to 25,000, or 25,000 to 30,000 particles/μm ² .

Exemplary particle diameters can range from 100 nm to 100 μm, depending on the composition and/or end use of the aluminum alloy product. For example, particle diameters are 150 nm to 100 μm, 200 nm to 100 μm, 300 nm to 100 μm, 400 nm to 100 μm, 500 nm to 100 μm, 600 nm to 100 μm, 700 nm to 100 μm, 800 nm to 100 μm, 1 μm to 100 μm, 5 μm to 100 μm, 10 μm to 100 μm. μm, 15 μm to 100 μm, 25 μm to 100 μm, 50 μm to 100 μm, 75 μm to 100 μm, 150 nm to 75 μm, 200 nm to 75 μm, 300 nm to 75 μm, 400 nm to 75 μm, 500 nm to 75 μm, 600 nm to 75 μm, 700 nm to 75 μm, 800 nm to 75 μm μm, from 1 μm 75 μm, 5 μm to 75 μm, 10 μm to 75 μm, 15 μm to 75 μm, 25 μm to 75 μm, 50 μm to 75 μm, 150 nm to 50 μm, 200 nm to 50 μm, 300 nm to 50 μm, 400 nm to 50 μm, 500 nm to 50 μm, 600 nm to 50 μm, 700 nm to 50 μm μm, 800 nm to 50 μm, 1 μm to 50 μm, 5 μm to 50 μm, 10 μm to 50 μm, 15 μm to 50 μm, 25 μm to 50 μm, 150 nm to 25 μm, 200 nm to 25 μm, 300 nm to 25 μm, 400 nm to 25 μm, 500 nm to 25 μm, 600 nm to 25 μm, 700 nm~ 25 μm, 800 nm to 25 μm, 1 μm to 25 μm, 5 μm to 25 μm, 10 μm to 25 μm, 15 μm to 25 μm, 150 nm to 15 μm, 200 nm to 15 μm, 300 nm to 15 μm, 400 nm to 15 μm, 500 nm to 15 μm, 600 nm to 15 μm, 700 nm to 15 μm m, 800 nm to 15 μm, 1 μm to 15 μm, 5 μm to 15 μm, 10 μm to 15 μm, 150 nm to 10 μm, 200 nm to 10 μm, 300 nm to 10 μm, 400 nm to 10 μm, 500 nm to 10 μm, 600 nm to 10 μm, 700 nm to 10 μm, 800 nm to 10 μm, 1 μm ~ 10 μm, 5 μm to 10 μm, 150 nm to 5 μm, 200 nm to 5 μm, 300 nm to 5 μm, 400 nm to 5 μm, 500 nm to 5 μm, 600 nm to 5 μm, 700 nm to 5 μm, 800 nm to 5 μm, 800 nm to 5 μm, 1 μm to 5 μm, 150 nm to 1 μm, 200 nm to 1 μm, 300 nm to 1 μm, 400 nm to 1 μm, 500 nm to 1 μm, 600 nm to 1 μm, 700 nm to 1 μm, 800 nm to 1 μm, 150 nm to 800 nm, 200 nm to 800 nm, 300 nm to 800 nm, 400 nm to 800 nm, 500 nm to 800 nm, 600 nm to 800 nm, 700 nm to 800 nm, 150 nm to 700 nm, 200 nm to 700 nm, 300 nm to 700 nm, 400 nm to 700 nm, 500 nm to 700 nm, 600 nm to 700 nm, 150 nm to 600 nm, 200 nm to 600 nm, 300 nm to 600 nm, 400 nm to 600 nm, 500 nm to 6 00 nm, It can range from 150 nm to 500 nm, 200 nm to 500 nm, 300 nm to 500 nm, 400 nm to 500 nm, 150 nm to 400 nm, 200 nm to 400 nm, 300 nm to 400 nm, 150 nm to 300 nm, 200 nm to 300 nm, or 150 nm to 200 nm.

These diameter ranges can optionally represent the diameter of 80 percent (or more) of the particles. This means that at least 80 percent of the particles have diameters within the stated range, although some particles may have diameters outside the stated range. In some cases, the diameter range is 25 percent (or more) of the particles, 30 percent (or more) of the particles, 35 percent (or more) of the particles, 40 percent (or more) of the particles, 45 percent (or more), 50 percent (or more) of the particles, 55 percent (or more) of the particles, 60 percent (or more) of the particles, 65 percent (or more) of the particles, 70 percent (or more), 75 percent (or more) of the particles, 80 percent (or more) of the particles, 85 percent (or more) of the particles, 90 percent (or more) of the particles, It can represent a diameter of 95 percent (or more), 98 percent (or more) of the particles, or 100 percent (or more) of the particles.

To control particle sizing and interparticle spacing, conditions during casting and homogenization can be adjusted to control the size and density of particle production. In some cases, the composition of the aluminum alloy can control particle generation. Specifically, for example, adjusting the composition prior to casting can be useful in producing a preferred amount of intermetallic particles and/or controlling particle diameter and interparticle spacing.

During the casting process, aluminum alloys containing iron and manganese may produce intermetallic particles comprising aluminum and one or more of iron or manganese, which are herein referred to as cast aluminum alloy products. They may be referred to as Al—(Fe, Mn) intermetallic particles or β-phase intermetallic particles. When silicon is present, intermetallic particles comprising aluminum, silicon and one or more of iron or manganese (also referred to herein as Al-(Fe,Mn)-Si intermetallic particles or α-phase intermetallic particles) ) can also be generated. Exemplary α-phase and β-phase intermetallic particles can include Al ₁₅ (Fe,Mn) ₃ Si ₂ and Al ₆ (Fe,Mn), respectively. Many aluminum alloys can contain such intermetallic particles when cast, since iron and silicon are commonly present in almost all aluminum alloys to some extent.

Each of these intermetallic particle types exhibits different properties and contributes in different ways to the structure of aluminum alloys. For example, in general, beta-phase particles tend to be larger and more massive or geometric than alpha-phase particles, which tend to be harder and smaller than beta-phase particles. During hot and cold rolling, intermetallic particles may be fractured, and their size, interparticle spacing, and density, for example, may be affected. During homogenization, heat treatment, and/or aging, constituents can diffuse into and out of the intermetallic particles, changing their composition, structure, and/or size.

By adjusting the composition of the aluminum alloy, particularly the iron and silicon content, the type of intermetallic particles produced can be controlled, thereby controlling the particle size. For example, if the intermetallic grain distribution in an aluminum alloy is such that the aluminum alloy contains 99% alpha-phase intermetallic grains and only 1% beta-phase intermetallic grains, the aluminum alloy contains can produce significantly finer/smaller particles. However, if the amount of alpha phase intermetallic particles produced is reduced and the amount of beta phase intermetallic particles produced is increased, the overall grain size of the aluminum alloy can be larger. Furthermore, if the particle volume fraction is constant while particle size is adjusted, interparticle spacing and related particle density can be controlled.

Specific aluminum alloys useful in the methods and aluminum alloy products of the present disclosure may include those containing aluminum, iron, magnesium, manganese, and silicon. By using an increasing ratio of iron to silicon, the aluminum alloy products of the present disclosure can preferentially produce β-phase intermetallic particles during processing or alpha-phase intermetallic particles during the homogenization process. can be converted to β-phase intermetallic particles. For example, in some embodiments, aluminum alloys useful in the methods and products described herein may have a ratio of wt% iron to wt% silicon of 0.5 to 5.0. Optionally, the aluminum alloy has a ratio of wt% iron to wt% silicon from 0, eg, 0.5-5, 0.5-4.7, 0.5-4.6, 0.5-5. 5-4.5, 0.5-4.25, 0.5-4.0, 0.5-3.75, 0.5-3.5, 0.5-3.25, 0.5- 3.0, 0.5-2.75, 0.5-2.5, 0.5-2.0, 0.5-1.8, 0.5-1.5, 0.5-1. 1, 0.5-1.0, 1.0-5.0, 1.0-4.7, 1.0-4.6, 1.0-4.5, 1.0-4.25, 1.0 to 4.0, 1.0 to 3.75, 1.0 to 3.5, 1.0 to 3.25, 1.0 to 3.0, 1.0 to 2.75, 1. 0-2.5, 1.0-2.0, 1.0-1.8, 1.0-1.5, 1.0-1.1, 1.1-5.0, 1.1- 4.7, 1.1-4.6, 1.1-4.5, 1.1-4.25, 1.1-4.0, 1.1-3.75, 1.1-3. 5, 1.1-3.25, 1.1-3.0, 1.1-1.75, 1.1-2.5, 1.1-2.0, 1.1-1.8, 1.1 to 1.5, 1.5 to 5.0, 1.5 to 4.7, 1.5 to 4.6, 1.5 to 4.5, 1.5 to 4.25, 1. 5-4.0, 1.5-3.75, 1.5-3.5, 1.5-3.25, 1.5-3.0, 1.5-1.75, 1.5- 2.5, 1.5-2.0, 1.5-1.8, 1.8-5.0, 1.8-4.7, 1.8-4.6, 1.8-4. 5, 1.8-4.25, 1.8-4.0, 1.8-3.75, 1.8-3.5, 1.8-3.25, 1.8-3.0, 1.8-1.75, 1.8-2.5, 1.8-2.0, 2.0-5.0, 2.0-4.7, 2.0-4.6, 2. 0-4.5, 2.0-4.25, 2.0-4.0, 2.0-3.75, 2.0-3.5, 2.0-3.25, 2.0- 3.0, 2.0-2.75, 2.0-2.5, 3.0-5.0, 3.0-4.5, 3.0-4.0, 3.0-3. 75, 3.0-3.5, 4.0-5.0, 4.0-4.7, 4.0-4.6, 4.0-4.5, or 4.0-4.25 can be Such ratios allow the cast alloy product to preferentially form desired amounts of alpha and beta phase intermetallic grains during or after casting, and intergranular spacing and grain sizing can be controlled.

These iron to silicon ratios preferentially form beta-phase and alpha-phase intermetallic particles in desired ratios to achieve the desired volume fractions of each type of intermetallic particles within the aluminum alloy. can. For example, an aluminum alloy may have 0.5% to 4.0% by volume alpha phase intermetallic particles and 0% to 2.0% by volume beta phase intermetallic particles. In some cases, the ratio of volume percent alpha phase intermetallic particles to volume percent beta phase intermetallic particles can be 0.6 to 1000, 1 to 800, 10 to 750, 50 to 500, or 100 to 250. . In embodiments, the ratio of alpha phase intermetallic particles to beta phase intermetallic particles may be based on intermetallic particle density instead of volume fraction. In such embodiments, the preferred ratio of the number density of alpha phase intermetallic particles to the number density of beta phase intermetallic particles may be from 0.2 to 1,000. For example, the ratio of the number density of α-phase intermetallic particles to the number density of β-phase intermetallic particles is 0.2 to 1,000, 0.2 to 750, 0.25 to 500, 0.25 to 100, 0 0.25-50, 0.3-25, 0.3-10, or 0.3-3.

Compositions of Aluminum Alloys and Aluminum Alloy Products Tables 1-3 below list alloy compositions (wt %) of aluminum alloys according to some embodiments. Specifically, provided compositions can be useful in producing aluminum alloy products having preferred inter-particle spacings while maintaining preferred grain sizes. As discussed above with reference to FIG. 1, there can be a balance between inter-particle spacing and particle size that results in improved product formability. The following compositions can provide aluminum alloys and aluminum alloy products that have improved formability and allow the use of large amounts of recycled content.

In some examples, the aluminum alloys described herein can have the following elemental compositions as shown in Table 1.

In some examples, the aluminum alloy may have the following elemental composition as shown in Table 2.

In some examples, the alloy can have the following elemental composition as shown in Table 3.

In some examples, the alloy may have the following elemental composition as shown in Table 4.

In some examples, the alloys described herein also contain 0.1% to 1.0% (eg, 0.20% to 0.8% or 0.3%), based on the total weight of the alloy. ~0.7%). For example, the alloy may contain 0.10%, 0.11%, 0.12%, 0.13%, 0.14%, 0.15%, 0.16%, 0.17%, 0.18%, 0.19%, 0.20%, 0.21%, 0.22%, 0.23%, 0.24%, 0.25%, 0.26%, 0.27%, 0.28%, 0.29%, 0.30%, 0.31%, 0.32%, 0.33%, 0.34%, 0.35%, 0.36%, 0.37%, 0.38%, 0.39%, 0.40%, 0.41%, 0.42%, 0.43%, 0.44%, 0.45%, 0.46%, 0.47%, 0.48%, 0.49%, 0.50%, 0.51%, 0.52%, 0.53%, 0.54%, 0.55%, 0.56%, 0.57%, 0.58%, 0.59%, 0.60%, 0.61%, 0.62%, 0.63%, 0.64%, 0.65%, 0.66%, 0.67%, 0.68%, 0.69%, 0.70%, 0.71%, 0.72%, 0.73%, 0.74%, 0.75%, 0.76%, 0.77%, 0.78%, 0.79%, 0.80%, 0.81%, 0.82%, 0.83%, 0.84%, 0.85%, 0.86%, 0.87%, 0.88%, 0.89%, 0.90%, 0.91%, 0.92%, 0.93%, 0.94%, 0.95%, 0.96%, 0.97%, 0.98%, It may contain 0.99%, or 1.0% iron. All are expressed in wt%.

In some examples, the alloys described herein contain 0.05% to 0.80% (eg, 0.1% to 0.7% or 0.15% to 0.15%) based on the total weight of the alloy. 0.5%) of silicon (Si). For example, the alloy may contain 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.10%, 0.11%, 0.12%, 0.13%, 0.14%, 0.15%, 0.16%, 0.17%, 0.18%, 0.19%, 0.20%, 0.21%, 0.22%, 0.23%, 0.24%, 0.25%, 0.26%, 0.27%, 0.28%, 0.29%, 0.30%, 0.31%, 0.32%, 0.33%, 0.34%, 0.35%, 0.36%, 0.37%, 0.38%, 0.39%, 0.40%, 0.41%, 0.42%, 0.43%, 0.44%, 0.45%, 0.46%, 0.47%, 0.48%, 0.49%, 0.50%, 0.51%, 0.52%, 0.53%, 0.54%, 0.55%, 0.56%, 0.57%, 0.58%, 0.59%, 0.60%, 0.61%, 0.62%, 0.63%, 0.64%, 0.65%, 0.66%, 0.67%, 0.68%, 0.69%, 0.70%, 0.71%, 0.72%, 0.73%, It may contain 0.74%, 0.75%, 0.76%, 0.77%, 0.78%, 0.79%, or 0.80% silicon. All are expressed in wt %.

In some examples, the alloys described herein contain 0.2% to 2.0% (eg, 0.6% to 1.0% or 0.8% to 1.4%) of manganese (Mn). For example, the alloy may contain 0.20%, 0.21%, 0.22%, 0.23%, 0.24%, 0.25%, 0.26%, 0.27%, 0.28%, 0.29%, 0.30%, 0.31%, 0.32%, 0.33%, 0.34%, 0.35%, 0.36%, 0.37%, 0.38%, 0.39%, 0.40%, 0.41%, 0.42%, 0.43%, 0.44%, 0.45%, 0.46%, 0.47%, 0.48%, 0.49%, 0.50%, 0.51%, 0.52%, 0.53%, 0.54%, 0.55%, 0.56%, 0.57%, 0.58%, 0.59%, 0.60%, 0.61%, 0.62%, 0.63%, 0.64%, 0.65%, 0.66%, 0.67%, 0.68%, 0.69%, 0.70%, 0.71%, 0.72%, 0.73%, 0.74%, 0.75%, 0.76%, 0.77%, 0.78%, 0.79%, 0.80%, 0.81%, 0.82%, 0.83%, 0.84%, 0.85%, 0.86%, 0.87%, 0.88%, 0.89%, 0.90%, 0.91%, 0.92%, 0.93%, 0.94%, 0.95%, 0.96%, 0.97%, 0.98%, 0.99%, 1.0%, 1.10%, 1.11%, 1.12%, 1.13%, 1.14%, 1.15%, 1.16%, 1.17%, 1.18%, 1.19%, 1.20%, 1.21%, 1.22%, 1.23%, 1.24%, 1.25%, 1.26%, 1.27%, 1.28%, 1.29%, 1.30%, 1.31%, 1.32%, 1.33%, 1.34%, 1.35%, 1.36%, 1.37%, 1.38%, 1.39%, 1.40%, 1.41%, 1.42%, 1.43%, 1.44%, 1.45%, 1.46%, 1.47%, 1.48%, 1.49%, 1.50%, 1.51%, 1.52%, 1.53%, 1.54%, 1.55%, 1.56%, 1.57%, 1.58%, 1.59%, 1.60%, 1.61%, 1.62%, 1.63%, 1.64%, 1.65%, 1.66%, 1.67%, 1.68%, 1.69%, 1.70%, 1.71%, 1.72%, 1.73%, 1.74%, 1.75%, 1.76%, 1.77%, 1.78%, 1.79%, 1.80%, 1.81%, 1.82%, 1.83%, 1.84%, 1.85%, 1.86%, 1.87%, 1.88%, 1.89%, 1.90%, 1.91%, 1.92%, 1.93%, 1.94%, 1.95%, 1.96%, 1.97%, It may contain 1.98%, 1.99%, or 2.0% manganese. In some cases, manganese may not be present in the alloy (ie, 0%). All are expressed in wt%.

In some examples, the alloys described herein contain 0.2% to 2.0% (eg, 0.7% to 1.0% or 0.9% to 1.1%) of magnesium (Mg). For example, the alloy may contain 0.20%, 0.21%, 0.22%, 0.23%, 0.24%, 0.25%, 0.26%, 0.27%, 0.28%, 0.29%, 0.30%, 0.31%, 0.32%, 0.33%, 0.34%, 0.35%, 0.36%, 0.37%, 0.38%, 0.39%, 0.40%, 0.41%, 0.42%, 0.43%, 0.44%, 0.45%, 0.46%, 0.47%, 0.48%, 0.49%, 0.50%, 0.51%, 0.52%, 0.53%, 0.54%, 0.55%, 0.56%, 0.57%, 0.58%, 0.59%, 0.60%, 0.61%, 0.62%, 0.63%, 0.64%, 0.65%, 0.66%, 0.67%, 0.68%, 0.69%, 0.70%, 0.71%, 0.72%, 0.73%, 0.74%, 0.75%, 0.76%, 0.77%, 0.78%, 0.79%, 0.80%, 0.81%, 0.82%, 0.83%, 0.84%, 0.85%, 0.86%, 0.87%, 0.88%, 0.89%, 0.90%, 0.91%, 0.92%, 0.93%, 0.94%, 0.95%, 0.96%, 0.97%, 0.98%, 0.99%, 1.0%, 1.10%, 1.11%, 1.12%, 1.13%, 1.14%, 1.15%, 1.16%, 1.17%, 1.18%, 1.19%, 1.20%, 1.21%, 1.22%, 1.23%, 1.24%, 1.25%, 1.26%, 1.27%, 1.28%, 1.29%, 1.30%, 1.31%, 1.32%, 1.33%, 1.34%, 1.35%, 1.36%, 1.37%, 1.38%, 1.39%, 1.40%, 1.41%, 1.42%, 1.43%, 1.44%, 1.45%, 1.46%, 1.47%, 1.48%, 1.49%, 1.50%, 1.51%, 1.52%, 1.53%, 1.54%, 1.55%, 1.56%, 1.57%, 1.58%, 1.59%, 1.60%, 1.61%, 1.62%, 1.63%, 1.64%, 1.65%, 1.66%, 1.67%, 1.68%, 1.69%, 1.70%, 1.71%, 1.72%, 1.73%, 1.74%, 1.75%, 1.76%, 1.77%, 1.78%, 1.79%, 1.80%, 1.81%, 1.82%, 1.83%, 1.84%, 1.85%, 1.86%, 1.87%, 1.88%, 1.89%, 1.90%, 1.91%, 1.92%, 1.93%, 1.94%, 1.95%, 1.96%, 1.97%, May contain 1.98%, 1.99%, or 2.0% magnesium. All are expressed in wt %.

In some examples, the alloys described contain It may contain copper (Cu). For example, the alloy may contain 0.1%, 0.11%, 0.12%, 0.13%, 0.14%, 0.15%, 0.16%, 0.17%, 0.18%, 0.19%, 0.2%, 0.21%, 0.22%, 0.23%, 0.24%, 0.25%, 0.26%, 0.27%, 0.28%, 0.29%, 0.30%, 0.31%, 0.32%, 0.33%, 0.34%, 0.35%, 0.36%, 0.37%, 0.38%, 0.39%, 0.40%, 0.41%, 0.42%, 0.43%, 0.44%, 0.45%, 0.46%, 0.47%, 0.48%, It may contain 0.49%, or 0.50% copper. In some cases, copper is not present in the alloy (ie, 0%). All are expressed in wt%.

In some examples, the alloys described herein include It may contain zinc (Zn). For example, the alloy may contain 0.1%, 0.11%, 0.12%, 0.13%, 0.14%, 0.15%, 0.16%, 0.17%, 0.18%, 0.19%, 0.2%, 0.21%, 0.22%, 0.23%, 0.24%, 0.25%, 0.26%, 0.27%, 0.28%, 0.29%, 0.30%, 0.31%, 0.32%, 0.33%, 0.34%, 0.35%, 0.36%, 0.37%, 0.38%, 0.39%, 0.40%, 0.41%, 0.42%, 0.43%, 0.44%, 0.45%, 0.46%, 0.47%, 0.48%, It may contain 0.49%, or 0.50% zinc. In some cases zinc is not present in the alloy (ie 0%). All are expressed in wt%.

In some examples, the alloys described herein contain up to 0.10% (eg, 0.001% to 0.10%, 0% to 0.05%, 0 Titanium (Ti) in an amount of 0.001% to 0.05%, or 0.003% to 0.08%). For example, alloys containing 0.010%, 0.011%, 0.012%, 0.013%, 0.014%, 0.015%, 0.016%, 0.017%, 0.018%, 0.019%, 0.020%, 0.021%, 0.022%, 0.023%, 0.024%, 0.025%, 0.026%, 0.027%, 0.028%, 0.029%, 0.03%, 0.031%, 0.032%, 0.033%, 0.034%, 0.035%, 0.036%, 0.037%, 0.038%, 0.039%, 0.04%, 0.041%, 0.042%, 0.043%, 0.044%, 0.045%, 0.046%, 0.047%, 0.048%, 0.049%, 0.05%, 0.055%, 0.06%, 0.065%, 0.07%, 0.075%, 0.08%, 0.085%, 0.09%, 0.095%, or may contain 0.1% titanium. In some cases, titanium may not be present in the alloy (ie 0%). All are expressed in wt %.

In some examples, the alloys described herein contain up to 0.10% (eg, 0.001% to 0.10%, 0% to 0.05%, 0 Chromium (Cr) in an amount of 0.001% to 0.05%, or 0.003% to 0.08%). For example, alloys containing 0.010%, 0.011%, 0.012%, 0.013%, 0.014%, 0.015%, 0.016%, 0.017%, 0.018%, 0.019%, 0.020%, 0.021%, 0.022%, 0.023%, 0.024%, 0.025%, 0.026%, 0.027%, 0.028%, 0.029%, 0.03%, 0.031%, 0.032%, 0.033%, 0.034%, 0.035%, 0.036%, 0.037%, 0.038%, 0.039%, 0.04%, 0.041%, 0.042%, 0.043%, 0.044%, 0.045%, 0.046%, 0.047%, 0.048%, 0.049%, 0.05%, 0.055%, 0.06%, 0.065%, 0.07%, 0.075%, 0.08%, 0.085%, 0.09%, 0.095%, or may contain 0.10% chromium. In some cases, chromium may not be present in the alloy (ie 0%). All are expressed in wt %.

In some examples, the alloys described herein contain up to 0.10% (eg, 0.001% to 0.10%, 0% to 0.05%, 0 .001% to 0.05%, or 0.003% to 0.08%) of zirconium (Zr). For example, alloys containing 0.010%, 0.011%, 0.012%, 0.013%, 0.014%, 0.015%, 0.016%, 0.017%, 0.018%, 0.019%, 0.020%, 0.021%, 0.022%, 0.023%, 0.024%, 0.025%, 0.026%, 0.027%, 0.028%, 0.029%, 0.03%, 0.031%, 0.032%, 0.033%, 0.034%, 0.035%, 0.036%, 0.037%, 0.038%, 0.039%, 0.04%, 0.041%, 0.042%, 0.043%, 0.044%, 0.045%, 0.046%, 0.047%, 0.048%, 0.049%, 0.05%, 0.055%, 0.06%, 0.065%, 0.07%, 0.075%, 0.08%, 0.085%, 0.09%, 0.095%, or may contain 0.10% Zr. In other examples, the alloy contains zirconium in an amount less than 0.05% (e.g., 0.04%, 0.03%, 0.02%, or 0.01%) based on the total weight of the alloy. can contain. In some cases, zirconium may not be present in the alloy (ie, 0%). All are expressed in wt %.

In some examples, the alloys described herein contain up to 0.10% (eg, 0.001% to 0.10%, 0% to 0.05%, 0 0.001% to 0.05%, or 0.003% to 0.08%) of vanadium (V). For example, alloys containing 0.010%, 0.011%, 0.012%, 0.013%, 0.014%, 0.015%, 0.016%, 0.017%, 0.018%, 0.019%, 0.020%, 0.021%, 0.022%, 0.023%, 0.024%, 0.025%, 0.026%, 0.027%, 0.028%, 0.029%, 0.03%, 0.031%, 0.032%, 0.033%, 0.034%, 0.035%, 0.036%, 0.037%, 0.038%, 0.039%, 0.04%, 0.041%, 0.042%, 0.043%, 0.044%, 0.045%, 0.046%, 0.047%, 0.048%, 0.049%, 0.05%, 0.055%, 0.06%, 0.065%, 0.07%, 0.075%, 0.08%, 0.085%, 0.09%, 0.095%, Or it may contain 0.10% vanadium. In other examples, the alloy contains vanadium in an amount less than 0.05% (e.g., 0.04%, 0.03%, 0.02%, or 0.01%) based on the total weight of the alloy. can contain. In some cases vanadium may not be present in the alloy (ie 0%). All are expressed in wt %.

In some examples, the alloys described herein contain one or more rare earth elements (i.e., scandium (Sc), yttrium (Y), lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium, (Pr), Neodymium (Nd), Promethium (Pm), Samarium (Sm), Europium (Eu), Gadolinium (Gd), Terbium (Tb), Dysprosium (Dy), Holmium (Ho), Erbium (Er), Thulium (Tm), one or more of ytterbium (Yb) and lutetium (Lu)) up to 0.10% (e.g., 0.01%-0.10%, 0.01%- 0.05%, or 0.03% to 0.05%). For example, the alloy may contain one or more of the rare earth elements at 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0 0.08%, 0.09%, or 0.10%. All are expressed in wt %.

In some examples, the alloys described herein include molybdenum (Mo), niobium (Nb), beryllium (Be), boron (B), cobalt (Co), tin (Sn), strontium (Sr), One or more of vanadium (V), indium (In), hafnium (Hf), silver (Ag), and nickel (Ni) up to 0.20% (e.g., 0 0.01% to 0.20% or 0.05% to 0.15%). For example, alloys include molybdenum (Mo), niobium (Nb), beryllium (Be), boron (B), cobalt (Co), tin (Sn), strontium (Sr), vanadium (V), indium (In), 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.10% of one or more of hafnium (Hf), silver (Ag), and nickel (Ni) %, 0.11%, 0.12%, 0.13%, 0.14%, 0.15%, 0.16%, 0.17%, 0.18%, 0.19%, or 0.19%. 20% may be included. All are expressed in wt %.

Optionally, the alloy compositions described herein contain impurities in amounts of 0.05% or less, 0.04% or less, 0.03% or less, 0.02% or less, or 0.01% or less may further contain other trace elements, sometimes referred to as These impurities can include, but are not limited to, gallium (Ga), calcium (Ca), bismuth (Bi), sodium (Na), lead (Pb), or combinations thereof. Accordingly, gallium, calcium, bismuth, sodium, or lead is present in the alloy in an amount not greater than 0.05%, not greater than 0.04%, not greater than 0.03%, not greater than 0.02%, or not greater than 0.01%. can exist. The sum of all impurities may not exceed 0.15% (eg 0.10%). All are expressed in wt%. The remaining percentage of the alloy can be aluminum.

Incidental elements such as grain refiners and deoxidizers, or other additives, may be present in the aluminum alloys and aluminum alloy products and may be present in the aluminum alloys or products described herein, or Other properties may themselves be added without deviating from or significantly altering the properties of the aluminum alloys or products described therein.

Inevitable impurities, including materials or elements, may be present in the alloy in small amounts due to inherent properties of aluminum or leaching from contact with processing equipment. Some impurities commonly found in aluminum include iron and silicon. In some cases, iron and silicon may not appear as impurities. For example, the amounts of iron and silicon can be actively controlled to affect specific properties of the alloy.

Aluminum Alloys and Methods of Making Aluminum Alloy Products FIG. 4 outlines an exemplary method of making aluminum alloy products. The method of FIG. 4 begins at step 405, where aluminum alloy 406 may be cast to produce cast aluminum alloy product 407, such as an ingot or other cast product. At step 410 the cast aluminum alloy product 407 may be homogenized to produce a homogenized aluminum alloy product 411 . At step 415, the homogenized aluminum alloy product 411 may be subjected to one or more hot rolling passes and/or one or more cold rolling passes to form a rolled aluminum alloy product 412, which is an aluminum alloy It can correspond to an aluminum alloy article such as a plate, an aluminum alloy sheet, or an aluminum alloy sheet. Optionally, rolled aluminum alloy product 412 may be subjected to one or more forming or stamping processes to form an aluminum alloy article.

The aluminum alloys described herein can be cast using any suitable casting method. As some non-limiting examples, casting processes may include direct chill (DC) casting processes or continuous casting (CC) processes. For example, FIG. 4 may show a schematic diagram of the DC casting process at 405 . A continuous casting system can alternatively be used, which includes a pair of movable opposed casting surfaces (e.g., movable opposed belts, rolls, or blocks), a casting cavity between the pair of movable opposed casting surfaces, and a melting May include metal injectors. The molten metal injector may have an end opening through which molten metal may exit the molten metal injector and be injected into the casting cavity.

Cast aluminum alloy products, such as cast ingots or other cast products, may be processed by any suitable means. Optionally, this processing step may be used to prepare the sheet. Examples of treatment steps include, but are not limited to, homogenization, hot rolling, cold rolling, annealing, solution heat treatment, and pre-aging.

FIG. 5 shows plots showing the temperature of cast aluminum alloy products according to the present disclosure as a function of time during the homogenization process according to some examples. During homogenization, the cast aluminum alloy product can be heated to a homogenization temperature ( _HT1 ). Heating for the homogenization step can be from ambient conditions, room temperature (RT as shown in FIG. 5), or higher and can be done at any suitable heating rate. In some embodiments, heating rates of about 10° C./hr to about 100° C./hr may be used. Examples of heating rates are 20°C/hour to 90°C/hour, 30°C/hour to 80°C/hour, 40°C/hour to 70°C/hour, 50°C/hour to 60°C/hour, about 10°C/hour. hour, 20°C/hour, 30°C/hour, 40°C/hour, 50°C/hour, 60°C/hour, 70°C/hour, 80°C/hour, 90°C/hour, or 100°C/hour . The duration of the heating process is illustrated in FIG. 5 as t _R and runs from −t _R to time zero.

The aluminum alloy product can be heated to a homogenization temperature (HT ₁ ) that ranges from about 500°C to about 650°C. Examples of homogenization temperatures (HT ₁ ) include about 550°C to about 615°C, about 570°C to about 610°C, about 580°C to about 605°C, about 590°C to about 600°C, about 500°C, 510°C. , 520°C, 530°C, 540°C, 550°C, 560°C, 570°C, 580°C, 585°C, 590°C, 595°C, 600°C, 605°C, 610°C, 615°C, or 620°C. As described in more detail herein, relatively high homogenization temperatures can be useful in controlling the size, distribution, concentration, and/or composition of intermetallic particles present in aluminum alloys. , so a homogenization temperature of about 585° C. to about 615° C. may be desirable.

In some embodiments, a relatively high homogenization temperature can be useful in controlling the size, interparticle spacing, distribution, concentration, and/or composition of intermetallic particles present in the aluminum alloy, thus A homogenization temperature of about 570° C. to about 620° C. may be desirable. A homogenization temperature of about 585° C. to about 615° C. may be desirable in some embodiments. Optionally, the homogenization temperature may be within 25°C of the solidus temperature of the aluminum alloy.

The heated cast aluminum alloy product can then be soaked (ie, held at the indicated homogenization temperature) for a period of time. The duration of soaking is shown in FIG. 5 as t ₁ and occurs from time 0 to t ₁ . In some embodiments, homogenization can be performed in an inert atmosphere, a low-oxygen atmosphere, an oxygen-free atmosphere, or air. In some examples, the total time of the homogenization process, including the heating and soaking steps, can be up to 12 hours or 32 hours or more. Optionally, the soaking phase can be longer, even up to 36 hours. Extended soaking, greater than 12 hours or greater than 24 hours, is useful, in embodiments, to control the size, interparticle spacing, distribution, concentration, density, and/or composition of intermetallic particles present in the aluminum alloy. can be

Following the soaking step, the temperature of the homogenized aluminum alloy product can be reduced, such as by an active or passive cooling process. Optionally, the temperature of the homogenized aluminum alloy can be reduced to room temperature. Cooling can be performed at any suitable cooling rate. Examples of cooling rates include heating rates of about 10°C/hour to about 50°C/hour, such as about 10°C/hour, 20°C/hour, 30°C/hour, 40°C/hour, or 50°C/hour. are mentioned. Optionally, the homogenized aluminum alloy product can proceed directly to hot rolling without cooling to room temperature.

In some cases, the homogenization step includes multiple processes. As illustrated in FIG. 5, the homogenization step optionally heats the product to a first homogenization temperature (HT ₁ ) and heats the first homogenization temperature for a first duration (t ₁ ). Soaking at or near the homogenization temperature followed by cooling to a second homogenization temperature (HT ₂ ) for a second duration, shown as t ₂ -t ₁ in FIG. Including soaking at or near the homogenization temperature. For example, after the first soak, the aluminum alloy product is heated to 500°C to 600°C, such as about 500°C, 505°C, 510°C, 515°C, 520°C, 525°C, 530°C, 535°C, 540°C, 545°C. C., 550.degree. C., 555.degree. C., 560.degree. C., 565.degree. C., 570.degree. C., 575.degree. The aluminum alloy product can be held at the second homogenization temperature for a second duration of time from about 1 hour to about 24 hours.

A hot rolling step may be performed following the homogenization step. Optionally, hot rolling can be performed immediately after homogenization (ie without cooling to room temperature). In other embodiments, the homogenized product may be cooled to a temperature of about 100° C. to about 500° C. prior to commencing hot rolling. For example, the homogenized product can be cooled to a temperature of 100°C to 500°C, 250°C to 450°C, 300°C to 450°C, 325°C to 425°C, or 350°C to 400°C. The product is then hot rolled at a temperature of 200° C. to 600° C. to a thickness of 0.5 mm to 200 mm (e.g. , 25mm, 30mm, 35mm, 40mm, 45mm, 50mm, 55mm, 60mm, 65mm, 70mm, 75mm, 80mm, 85mm, 90mm, 95mm, 100mm, 110mm, 120mm, 130mm, 140mm, 150mm, 160mm, 170mm, 180mm, 190mm , 200 mm, or anywhere in between). For example, the homogenized product can be hot rolled at a temperature to a thickness of 1 mm to 8 mm. During hot rolling, the temperature and other operating parameters are such that the exit temperature of the hot rolled product as it exits the hot rolling mill is no greater than about 500°C, no greater than about 450°C, no greater than about 300°C, or no greater than about 200°C. can be controlled to be In some cases, the exit temperature of the hot rolled product can be from 100°C to 500°C, or from 200°C to 400°C.

Optionally, the cast, homogenized, or hot rolled product may be cold rolled into sheet using cold rolling mills and cold rolling techniques. The cold rolled sheet has a thickness of about 0.10 mm to about 0.50 mm, about 0.15 mm to about 0.3 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 10 mm, or about 0.7 mm to about 6.5 mm. obtain. Optionally, the cold rolled sheet is about 0.5mm, 1.0mm, 1.5mm, 2.0mm, 2.5mm, 3.0mm, 3.5mm, 4.0mm, 4.5mm, 5.0mm , 5.5 mm, 6.0 mm, 6.5 mm, 7.0 mm, 7.5 mm, 8.0 mm, 8.5 mm, 9.0 mm, 9.5 mm, or 10.0 mm. Cold rolling is performed to achieve a reduction of up to about 95% (e.g., up to 10%, up to 20%, up to 30%, up to 40%, up to 50%, up to 60%, up to 70%, up to 80%, up to 85% , a reduction of up to 90%, or a reduction of up to 95%). During cold rolling, temperature and other operating parameters are such that the exit temperature of the cold rolled product as it exits the cold rolling mill is no greater than about 300°C, no greater than about 250°C, no greater than about 200°C, or no greater than about 100°C. can be controlled to be Optionally, the exit temperature of the cold rolled product can be 50°C to 250°C, or 100°C to 200°C.

Optionally, an intermediate annealing step can be performed after the cold rolling step or between multiple cold rolling steps. The intermediate annealing step is from about 300°C to about 450°C (e.g. C., 430.degree. C., 440.degree. C., or 450.degree. In some cases, the intermediate annealing step includes multiple processes. In some non-limiting examples, the intermediate annealing step includes heating the plate, sheet, or sheet to a first temperature for a first period of time followed by a second temperature for a second period of time. heating to temperature. For example, the plate, sheet, or sheet can be heated to about 410° C. for about 1 hour and then heated to about 330° C. for about 2 hours.

The cast, homogenized, or hot-rolled alloy products described herein may also be used to make products in plate form or other suitable product forms. For example, plates containing the products described herein can be made by processing the ingot in a homogenization process or by casting the product on a continuous caster, followed by homogenization and subsequent hot rolling of the homogenized product. can be prepared by In the hot rolling process, the homogenized product can be hot rolled to a thickness of 200 mm or less (eg, from about 10 mm to about 200 mm). For example, the homogenized aluminum alloy product may have a final thickness of about 10 mm to about 175 mm, about 15 mm to about 150 mm, about 20 mm to about 125 mm, about 25 mm to about 100 mm, about 30 mm to about 75 mm, or about 35 mm to about 50 mm. It can be hot rolled into a plate with thickness.

Monolithic materials as well as non-monolithic materials such as roll-bond materials, clad alloys, clad layers, composite materials (such as but not limited to carbon fiber containing materials), or various other materials are also described herein. and aluminum alloys and aluminum alloy products.

FIG. 6 illustrates a method 600 of making an aluminum alloy having a preferred grain density and inter-grain spacing between grains according to embodiments disclosed herein. At block 610, a cast aluminum alloy product may be prepared. Cast aluminum alloy products can include, for example, aluminum alloys containing aluminum, iron, magnesium, manganese, and silicon. Cast aluminum alloy products may include aluminum alloys having the elemental compositions provided herein, specifically those provided in Tables 1-3. Preparing the cast aluminum alloy product may include preparing a molten aluminum alloy and casting the molten aluminum alloy.

The aluminum alloy source(s) of the aluminum alloy products prepared according to the methods and techniques described herein can correspond to the same series of aluminum alloys or a mixture of different series of aluminum alloys. Optionally, preparing the cast aluminum alloy product may include preparing a molten 3xxx series aluminum alloy and casting the molten 3xxx series aluminum alloy. Optionally, preparing the molten 3xxx series aluminum alloy may include melting both the 3xxx series aluminum alloy source material and the 5xxx series aluminum alloy source material. In some cases, one or more of the aluminum alloy feedstocks may be derived from recycled feedstock inclusions. In some embodiments, aluminum alloys containing relatively high percentages of iron may be useful in achieving the target iron to silicon ratio. For example, preparing a molten aluminum alloy can optionally further comprise melting a 4xxx series aluminum alloy or a 6xxx series aluminum alloy along with the 3xxx series aluminum alloy source material and/or the 5xxx series aluminum alloy source material.

At block 620, the cast aluminum alloy product may be homogenized. Optionally, the homogenization comprises heating the cast aluminum alloy product to a homogenization temperature, for example, between 500° C. and 650° C., and heating the cast aluminum alloy product at the homogenization temperature, for example, between 0.1 hours and and soaking for a duration of 36 hours. During soaking, the structure of aluminum alloys can change. As an example, during soaking, silicon from the aluminum alloy may diffuse into at least a portion of the β-phase intermetallic particles, converting at least a portion of the β-phase intermetallic particles to alpha-phase intermetallic particles. As an example, during soaking, iron from the aluminum alloy may diffuse into at least a portion of the alpha phase intermetallic particles, converting at least a portion of the alpha phase intermetallic particles to beta phase intermetallic particles. As another example, during soaking, iron can diffuse out of the β-phase intermetallic particles and optionally be replaced by manganese. As another example, during soaking, iron can diffuse from the beta-phase intermetallic particles to the dispersoids present in the cast aluminum alloy product.

In embodiments in which the aluminum alloy comprises a 3xxx series aluminum alloy, during soaking, silicon from the 3xxx series aluminum alloy diffuses into at least a portion of the beta phase intermetallic particles such that at least a portion of the beta phase intermetallic particles are alpha phase metal. can be converted into intergranular particles. Optionally, during soaking, iron diffuses from the β-phase intermetallic particles and is replaced by manganese during soaking. In some embodiments, when iron diffuses from the beta-phase intermetallic particles, the iron may combine with dispersoids present in the cast aluminum alloy product to form alpha-phase intermetallic particles. Dispersoids may include manganese.

By controlling the temperature and duration of homogenization, the properties of the intermetallic particles can be varied. For example, during soaking, the average size of the β-phase intermetallic grains can increase or decrease. For example, the average size of the β-phase intermetallic particles can be reduced compared to the average size of the β-phase intermetallic particles before soaking. Optionally, the number density of beta-phase intermetallic particles in the cast aluminum alloy product can be increased or decreased. Optionally, the ratio of the number density of alpha phase intermetallic particles to the number density of beta phase intermetallic particles in the cast aluminum alloy product prior to homogenization is between 0.3 and 3. Optionally, the ratio of the number density of alpha-phase intermetallic particles to the number density of beta-phase intermetallic particles in the homogenized aluminum alloy product after homogenization is 0.2 to 1000 or more (eg, 2 to 1000). obtain. In some cases, an amount of alpha phase intermetallic particles is reduced during homogenization, e.g. % or more, 90% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, 99.5% or more, or up to 100% can be converted to beta phase intermetallic particles. In some cases, during homogenization, most of the α-phase intermetallic particles are converted to β-phase intermetallic particles.

In some embodiments, such as those in which the aluminum alloy comprises a 3xxx series aluminum alloy, some amount of β-phase intermetallic particles may be converted to α-phase intermetallic particles during homogenization, particularly during soaking. For example, during soaking, about 30% to 100% of the β-phase intermetallic particles can be converted to alpha-phase intermetallic particles.

In some embodiments, multiple homogenization steps may be useful. For example, an initial high temperature, long time homogenization followed by a secondary low temperature homogenization can be useful in the preparation of aluminum alloy products such as rolling or other processing. The multi-step homogenization process includes reducing the temperature of the homogenized aluminum alloy product to a second homogenization temperature that is lower than the first homogenization temperature, and lowering the homogenized aluminum alloy product to the second homogenization temperature. soaking for a second duration at, eg, a second duration shorter than the initial long soaking duration. In some embodiments, soaking the homogenized aluminum alloy product at a second homogenization temperature can control the surface quality or properties of the homogenized aluminum alloy product. Optionally, soaking the homogenized aluminum alloy product at a second homogenization temperature may bring the temperature of the homogenized aluminum alloy product sufficient for the rolling process.

At block 640, method 600 may optionally include subjecting the homogenized rolled aluminum alloy product to one or more rolling processes to produce a rolled aluminum alloy product. For example, a homogenized rolled aluminum alloy product may be subjected to one or more hot rolling processes at block 642 . Optionally, the homogenized rolled aluminum alloy product may also be subjected to one or more cold rolling processes at block 644 . During hot and cold rolling processes, intermetallic particles may be broken, and their size, distribution, and number density, for example, may be affected.

Hot rolling of rolled aluminum alloy products at relatively high temperatures, such as above about 550° C., can cause problems due to roll sticking or bite refusal, depending on the alloy. This can also cause grain boundary separation and surface tearing, which can promote oxidation at the surface. Affinity for oxide formation is higher at high temperatures due at least in part to faster diffusion of solute elements (e.g., magnesium (Mg), silicon (Si), etc.) at the surface, thus reducing tear formation. The new nascent surface that is applied can quickly oxidize, often resulting in an uneven surface with an undesirable oxide layer. Advantageously, however, by lowering the hot rolling exit temperature, for example to a temperature below about 550° C., for example from about 100° C. to 500° C., the roll gap can be further controlled by greater friction, and the surface tendencies to stick, tear, and oxidize. Furthermore, the reduced diffusivity of solute elements at low temperatures can result in a more uniform surface layer than at high temperatures.

Similarly, controlling the cold roll exit temperature can also improve the aluminum alloy product. With an exit temperature of the cold rolling process of about 100° C.-200° C., the rolled aluminum alloy product can be rolled to a thickness of 0.15-0.30 mm without sticking, tearing or breaking.

Methods of Using the Aluminum Alloy Products of the Present Disclosure The aluminum alloy products described herein can be used in a variety of applications. In certain embodiments, the aluminum alloy products described herein are useful as beverage container body stocks, such as aluminum can body stocks or aluminum bottle body stocks. The aluminum alloy sheet may be subjected to a stamping process in which aluminum alloy discs are cut from the aluminum alloy sheet. The disc may be subjected to one or more drawing, ironing, necking, or other forming processes to form a suitable beverage container body or preform.

Other uses may be suitable for some of the aluminum alloy products described herein. For example, the aluminum alloy products of the present disclosure can be used to prepare automotive parts, panels for aircraft or rail vehicles, building panels, building materials, and the like. In some examples, cookware, foils, molded containers, bottle caps, and packaging (eg, food packaging) can be made using the aluminum alloy products of the present disclosure.

The aluminum alloy products and methods described herein may also be used in electronic device applications. For example, the aluminum alloy products and methods described herein can be used to make housings for electronic devices, including mobile phones and tablet computers. In some examples, aluminum alloy products can be used to make housings for outer casings of mobile phones (eg, smartphones), tablet bottom chassis, and other mobile electronic devices.

The examples disclosed herein serve to further illustrate aspects of the invention, but at the same time do not constitute any limitation thereof. On the contrary, various embodiments, modifications and equivalents thereof may be used which, after reading the description herein, may suggest themselves to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. should be clearly understood. The examples and embodiments described herein can also use conventional procedures unless otherwise stated. Some of the procedures are described herein for illustrative purposes.

Table 1 below shows the alloy solute composition (wt%) of two exemplary 3104 aluminum alloys, Alloy A and Alloy B. Alloy A is slightly richer in solute compared to alloy B. The ratio of silicon to iron in alloy A is about 0.60 and in alloy B the ratio is about 0.56. The solidus temperatures of the alloys were calculated to be within 2°C of each other, indicating that the samples are expected to have similar melting and physical properties. The solubility line temperature of Mg ₂ Si of Alloy A was calculated to be slightly higher than that of Alloy B. Four sample ingots each of Alloy A and Alloy B were prepared and used to evaluate the effect of different homogenization regimes on the intermetallic particles present in the alloys. The plate thickness of the as-cast sample was about 40 mm.

Predicted equilibrium phase diagrams for Alloy A and Alloy B were determined. 7A and 7B, respectively. Both alloys exhibit similar constituent phase types just below the melt, including primarily α-phase (alpha) and β-phase particles (e.g., Al ₆ Mn or Al ₃ Fe), although the alloy A has a higher α to β ratio than alloy B, which can be attributed to alloy A's higher silicon and iron content.

A sample of alloy A and two samples of alloy B were subjected to a heat-to-roll (HTR) processing scheme, heating the samples at a slow rate of about 50°C/hr to a temperature of about 500°C. bottom. Another sample of alloy A and another sample of alloy B were subjected to a two-step (2STG) processing scheme in which the samples were heated at a slow rate of about 50°C/hr to a temperature of about 600°C and held at this temperature for about 24 hours. Hold, then cool to about 560° C. and hold for about an additional 4 hours.

Scanning under backscattered electron (BSE) contrast of cross-sections of as-cast Alloy A and Alloy B samples and Alloy A and Alloy B samples after HTR or 2STG processing to evaluate the grain distribution and microstructure of the samples. Electron micrograph (SEM) images were acquired. These images are shown in FIG. The images show that the grain size of Alloy A is generally smaller than that of Alloy B. No change in constituent grains was observed for either Alloy A or Alloy B after HTR processing. The as-cast and HTR-processed samples showed a mixture of alpha and beta phase particles. However, after 2STG processing, only α-phase grains were observed in the microstructure, and the grain size distribution was finer. In some cases, 2STG processing converted the structure to a more porous character.

As-cast alloy A and alloy B samples and alloy A and alloy B samples after HTR or 2STG processing were subjected to electrical conductivity measurements. A bar graph showing the measurement results in percent of the International Annealed Copper Standard (IACS) is shown in FIG. Overall, alloy A exhibits a higher resistivity than alloy B, which can be attributed to alloy A's higher solute level. The conductivities of all processed samples were observed to be higher than their respective as-cast samples, which can be attributed to the precipitation of manganese from solid solution and the formation of dispersoids. Significantly less conductivity was observed in the 2STG processed samples compared to the HTR samples. This can be attributed to the high solubility of manganese in the 2STG processed samples, since higher processing temperatures can dissolve the manganese present in the dispersoids back into a metallic solid solution.

Samples of Alloy A and Alloy B were subjected to a rolling process to further characterize the properties of the various alloys. For the alloy samples subjected to HTR processing, immediately after HTR processing, the alloy A and alloy B samples were subjected to a hot rolling operation to a thickness of about 7.0 mm, recrystallized, and then cold rolled. It was processed to a thickness of about 1.0 mm to form a product in the hard H19 temper. Recrystallization can optionally be performed by coiling the hot-rolled product and cooling the coil, or by annealing the hot-rolled product. A portion of the alloy A cold rolled H19 temper product sample and a portion of the alloy B cold rolled H19 temper product sample were then annealed at 350° C. for 1 hour to produce a soft O temper product. The hard H19 temper product samples are referred to as A _{HTR, H19} and B _{HTR, H19} , and the soft O temper product samples are referred to as A _{HTR, O} and B _{HTR, O.}

Similarly, for the alloy samples subjected to 2STG processing, immediately after 2STG processing, the heated and homogenized samples of Alloy A and Alloy B were subjected to a hot rolling operation to a thickness of about 7.0 mm and re-rolled. After crystallization, it was subjected to a cold rolling operation to a thickness of about 1.0 mm to form a product in the hard H19 temper. Next, one of the alloy A cold rolled H19 temper product samples and one of the alloy B cold rolled H19 temper product samples were then annealed at 350° C. for 1 hour to obtain a soft O temper of produced the product. The hard H19 temper product samples are referred to as A _{2STG, H19} and B _{2STG, H19} and the soft O temper product samples are referred to as A _2STG,O and B _2STG,O .

SEM images under BSE contrast were taken for A _{HTR, H19} , B _{HTR, H19} , A _{2STG, H19} , and B _{2STG, H19} samples to evaluate the grain distribution and microstructure of the samples at the final thickness conditions. Acquired in a planar configuration. These images are shown in FIG. In general, less dense and coarser grains were observed in Alloy B compared to Alloy A. An overall grain size reduction is observed in samples subjected to 2STG processing compared to HTR processing. Furthermore, in the sample subjected to 2STG processing, fine particles were observed around the coarse particles. This may be due to more fragmentation and/or spheroidization of the particles by being subjected to higher temperatures during 2STG processing.

High-resolution cross-sectional images of A _{HTR, H19} , B _{HTR, H19} , A _{2STG, H19} , and B _{2STG, H19} samples were acquired using a field emission electron gun scanning electron microscope (FEGSEM) and the final thickness The spatial distribution of dispersoids (eg, manganese-containing dispersoids) in the samples was investigated. The resulting image is shown in FIG. 11 and the chromophores are identified as white spots in the image. The dispersoids in the sample subjected to HTR processing were very abundant and extremely fine. In contrast, the dispersoids in the samples subjected to 2STG processing showed reduced mobility and Not only was the number density lower, but it was coarser, again due to increasing time and/or the incorporation of constituent atoms into the dispersoids causing the dispersoids to grow. A slightly larger size of dispersoids can be seen in the alloy A samples compared to the alloy B samples, which is due to the slightly higher amount of solutes in alloy A compared to alloy B. can be

SEM images acquired in planar configuration for A _{HTR, H19} , B _{HTR, H19} , A _{2STG, H19} and B _{2STG, H19} samples were analyzed to identify the particle size distribution of the various particle components in the samples (particle by estimating area and particle size), a plot showing the results is shown in FIG. In general, alloy A samples showed a finer size distribution for all particles compared to alloy B samples. Samples subjected to HTR processing show a significant proportion of grains identified as Al(Fe,Mn) in the figure, which may correspond to β-phase grains. In contrast, the samples subjected to 2STG processing had little or no such particles, indicating a much larger population of α-phase particles, which may indicate that β It shows that α-phase particles can be produced by transforming phase particles.

Cross-sectional images of the A _{HTR, H19} , B _{HTR, H19} , A _{2STG, H19} and B _{2STG, H19} samples were taken to observe the grain structure before recrystallization. The image is shown in FIG. The grains show an elongated structure in all samples, the black spots on the grain structure correspond to constituent grains, the 2STG processed sample shows a finer grain distribution corresponding to the plot in FIG. Overall more particles were observed in the samples compared to the corresponding alloy B samples.

Cross-sectional images of the A _HTR,O , B _HTR,O , A _2STG,O , and B _2STG,O samples were obtained to observe the grain structure after recrystallization following annealing shown in FIG. The alloy A sample exhibits more equiaxed grains, while the alloy B sample exhibits somewhat elongated grains. Since the alloy A sample had more grains overall than the corresponding alloy B sample, grain stimulated nucleation contributed to the less elongated grain structure in the alloy A sample. There may be Comparing the HTR processed sample with the 2STG processed sample, more equiaxed grains were observed in the 2STG processed sample. This may be due to the high number density of dispersoids present in the HTR-processed samples, which may inhibit recrystallization by pinning at grain boundaries.

The longitudinal section tensile properties of the H19 and O temper samples were measured. The results are shown in Figures 15A and 15B. In the H19 temper, the yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and ultimate elongation (UE) of alloy A specimens were slightly higher than alloy B specimens, but total elongation (TE) It did not show an overall alloy trend. A decrease in strength and an increase in elongation were observed for the 2STG processed samples compared to the HTR processed samples. The bending properties of the H19 temper and O temper samples were also measured by performing a wrap bend test. The results are shown in Figures 16A and 16B. A slight improvement in bendability is observed for the 2STG-processed samples compared to the HTR-processed samples, which indicates that the 2STG-processed samples have up to a smaller radius-to-thickness ratio (r/t) than the HTR-processed samples. It means that it was able to withstand bending.

A hole expansion test was performed on both the H19 and O temper samples and the results are shown in FIG. The 2STG machined samples of both alloys showed higher hole expansion than the HTR machined samples. The alloy B samples also showed higher hole expansion than the alloy A samples. Alloy A samples in the H19 temper showed poor pore expansion, which may be due to the high number density of constituent particles in the sample. The energy stored at the interface between particles and matrix can be quite high in hard tempers, and this energy can cause crack initiation and subsequent fusion to propagate to fracture. . In contrast, Alloy B has fewer constituent grains, which means it stores less energy and is less prone to cracking at the same strains that would crack Alloy A samples. For softer qualitative materials, the morphology may have more effect than the particle number density, since less energy exists at the interface between the particles and the matrix. The 2STG processed sample exhibits more spherical grains than the HTR processed sample, which allows strain to be more uniform around the grain than the more acicular grains of the HTR processed sample, which can concentrate strain and cause premature cracking. can be dispersed.

Examples When used below, any reference to a series of examples is to be understood as referring to each of those examples, alternatively (e.g., "Examples 1-4" refers to "Examples 1, 2, 3, or 4”).

Example 1 is an aluminum alloy product comprising an aluminum alloy containing aluminum, iron, magnesium, manganese, and silicon, wherein the ratio of wt% iron in the aluminum alloy to wt% silicon in the aluminum alloy is 0.5 wt%. 5 to 5.0, and the aluminum alloy comprises α-phase intermetallic particles containing aluminum, silicon, and one or more of iron or manganese, and aluminum and one or more of iron or manganese β-phase intermetallic particles, the aluminum alloy having a particle density of 5 to 30,000 particles/μm ² of the plurality of particles, and the aluminum alloy having a plurality of particles of 1 μm to 25 μm. An aluminum alloy product with intergranular spacing.

Example 2 is the aluminum alloy product of any of the preceding or following examples, wherein the plurality of particles have diameters between 500 nm and 50 μm.

Example 3 is the aluminum alloy product of any of the preceding or following examples having a particle density of 50-1,000 particles/μm ² .

Example 4 is an aluminum alloy product of any of the preceding or following examples in which the aluminum alloy is derived from recycled raw materials.

Example 5 is an aluminum alloy containing 0.1 wt% to 1.0 wt% iron, 0.05 wt% to 0.8 wt% silicon, 0.2 wt% to 2.0 wt% manganese, 0.2 wt% to 2 wt% An aluminum alloy product of any preceding or subsequent instance comprising 0.0 wt% magnesium, up to 0.5 wt% copper, up to 0.05 wt% zinc, and aluminum.

Example 6 is the aluminum alloy product of any of the preceding or following examples, wherein the aluminum alloy contains up to 0.15 wt% impurities.

Example 7 shows that the aluminum alloy is 0.2 wt%-0.8 wt% iron, 0.10 wt%-0.7 wt% silicon, 0.6 wt%-1.0 wt% manganese, 0.7 wt%-1 0.0 wt% magnesium, 0.25 wt% max copper, 0.2 wt% max zinc, 0.10 wt% max titanium, 0.10 wt% max chromium, 0.10 wt% max zirconium, 0.10 wt% max % vanadium, and aluminum alloy product of any of the preceding or subsequent examples.

Example 8 is an aluminum alloy containing 0.3 wt%-0.7 wt% iron, 0.15 wt%-0.5 wt% silicon, 0.8 wt%-1.2 wt% manganese, 0.9 wt%-1 .2 wt% magnesium, 0.1 wt% to 0.2 wt% copper, max 0.15 wt% zinc, max 0.08 wt% titanium, max 0.05 wt% chromium, max 0.05 wt% zirconium, An aluminum alloy product of any of the preceding or subsequent examples comprising up to 0.05 wt% vanadium and aluminum.

Example 9 has alpha phase intermetallic particles comprising 0.5% to 4.0% by volume of the aluminum alloy and beta phase intermetallic particles comprising 0% to 2.0% by volume of the aluminum alloy. is an aluminum alloy product of any of the preceding, preceding or succeeding examples.

Example 10 is the aluminum alloy product of any preceding or subsequent example wherein the alpha phase intermetallic particles comprise Al15(Fe,Mn)3Si2 and the beta phase intermetallic particles comprise Al6(Fe,Mn). .

Example 11 has a ratio of alpha phase intermetallic particle number density to beta phase intermetallic particle number density of 0.2 to 1,000, or alpha phase intermetallic particle to volume % of beta phase intermetallic particle The aluminum alloy product of any of the preceding or subsequent examples wherein the volume percent ratio of is from 0.6 to 1,000.

Example 12 is an aluminum alloy product of any preceding or subsequent Example wherein the ratio of the number density of alpha phase intermetallic particles to the number density of beta phase intermetallic particles is between 0.3 and 3.

Example 13 is the aluminum alloy product of any preceding or following example wherein 80 percent or more of the plurality of particles have inter-particle spacings between 5 μm and 15 μm.

Example 14 is the aluminum alloy product of any preceding or following example wherein the plurality of particles comprises iron-containing particles, the majority of the iron-containing particles having a diameter of 1 μm to 40 μm.

Example 15 is an aluminum alloy product of any of the preceding or following Examples in which the iron-containing particles constitute 1% to 4% of the total volume of the aluminum alloy.

Example 16 is the aluminum alloy article of any preceding or following example further comprising manganese-containing dispersoids, the majority of which has a diameter of 10 nm to 1.5 μm.

Example 17 is an aluminum alloy article of any preceding or following example in which manganese-containing dispersoids constitute up to 1% of the total volume of the aluminum alloy.

Example 18 is a method of making an aluminum alloy product, comprising preparing a cast aluminum alloy product comprising an aluminum alloy, the aluminum alloy comprising aluminum, iron, magnesium, manganese, and silicon; The ratio of wt% silicon in the aluminum alloy to wt% iron in the aluminum alloy is between 0.5 and 1.0, and the aluminum alloy comprises aluminum, silicon, and one or more of iron or manganese preparing a cast aluminum alloy product at 500°C to 650°C, comprising a plurality of particles comprising alpha phase intermetallic particles and beta phase intermetallic particles comprising aluminum and one or more of iron or manganese; and soaking the cast aluminum alloy product at the homogenization temperature for a duration of from 0.1 hours to 36 hours to form a homogenized aluminum alloy product. wherein the aluminum alloy product has a particle density of the plurality of particles of 5 to 30,000 particles/ ^μm2 , and the aluminum alloy product has an interparticle spacing of the plurality of particles of 1 μm to 25 μm; The method.

Example 19 is the method of any of the preceding or following examples having a duration of 0.5-10 hours.

Example 20 is the process of any of the preceding or following Examples wherein the homogenization temperature is between 570°C and 620°C.

Example 21 is the method of any preceding or following example wherein the homogenization temperature is within 25°C of the solidus temperature of the aluminum alloy.

Example 22 is the method of any of the preceding or following Examples wherein the size of the β-phase intermetallic particles is reduced during soaking compared to the size of the β-phase intermetallic particles prior to soaking.

Example 23 shows that the number density of beta-phase intermetallic particles in the cast aluminum alloy product decreases during soaking compared to the number density of beta-phase intermetallic particles in the cast aluminum alloy product before soaking, preceding. or any of the following examples.

Example 24 is the method of any preceding or subsequent example further comprising subjecting the homogenized aluminum alloy product to one or more rolling processes to produce a rolled aluminum alloy product.

Example 25 is the method of any of the preceding or following examples, wherein the one or more rolling processes comprises at least one of a hot rolling process or a cold rolling process.

Example 26 is the method of any of the preceding or following examples wherein the hot rolling process includes an exit temperature of 100°C to 500°C.

Example 27 is the process of any of the preceding or following examples, wherein the outlet temperature is between 200°C and 400°C.

Example 28 is a method of any of the preceding or following Examples wherein the rolled aluminum alloy product produced by the hot rolling process has a thickness of 1 mm to 8 mm.

Example 29 is the method of any of the preceding or following examples wherein the cold rolling process includes an exit temperature of 50°C to 250°C.

Example 30 is the process of any of the preceding or following examples, wherein the exit temperature is between 100°C and 200°C.

Example 31 is the method of any of the preceding or following Examples, wherein the rolled aluminum alloy product produced by the cold rolling process has a thickness of 0.15 mm to 0.30 mm.

Example 32 is the method of any of the preceding or subsequent examples, wherein the plurality of particles are composed of particle diameters between 500 nm and 50 μm.

Example 33 is the method of any of the preceding or following examples wherein the particle density is 50-1,000 particles/μm ² .

Example 34 is the method of any of the preceding or subsequent Examples in which the aluminum alloy is derived from recycled raw materials.

Example 35 is an aluminum alloy containing 0.1 wt% to 1.0 wt% iron, 0.05 wt% to 0.8 wt% silicon, 0.2 wt% to 2.0 wt% manganese, 0.2 wt% to 2 wt% 0 wt% magnesium, up to 0.5 wt% copper, up to 0.05 wt% zinc, and aluminum.

Example 36 is an aluminum alloy containing 0.2 wt% to 0.8 wt% iron, 0.10 wt% to 0.7 wt% silicon, 0.6 wt% to 1.0 wt% manganese, 0.7 wt% to 1 wt% 0.0 wt% magnesium, 0.25 wt% max copper, 0.2 wt% max zinc, 0.10 wt% max titanium, 0.10 wt% max chromium, 0.10 wt% max zirconium, 0.10 wt% max % vanadium, and aluminum.

Example 37 is an aluminum alloy containing 0.3 wt% to 0.7 wt% iron, 0.15 wt% to 0.5 wt% silicon, 0.8 wt% to 1.2 wt% manganese, 0.9 wt% to 1 wt% .2 wt% magnesium, 0.1 wt% to 0.2 wt% copper, max 0.15 wt% zinc, max 0.08 wt% titanium, max 0.05 wt% chromium, max 0.05 wt% zirconium, A method of any of the preceding or subsequent examples comprising up to 0.05 wt% vanadium and aluminum.

Example 38 precedes the alpha phase intermetallic particles comprising 0.5% to 4.0% by volume of the aluminum alloy and the beta phase intermetallic particles comprising 0 to 2.0% by volume of the aluminum alloy. or any of the following examples.

Example 39 is the method of any of the preceding or subsequent Examples wherein the α-phase intermetallic particles comprise Al15(Fe,Mn)3Si2 and the β-phase intermetallic particles comprise Al6(Fe,Mn).

Example 40 has a ratio of alpha phase intermetallic particle number density to beta phase intermetallic particle number density of 0.2 to 1,000, or alpha phase intermetallic particle to volume % of beta phase intermetallic particle is 0.6 to 1,000.

Example 41 is the method of any preceding or following example wherein the ratio of the number density of alpha phase intermetallic particles to the number density of beta phase intermetallic particles is between 0.3 and 3.

Example 42 is the method of any of the preceding or following examples wherein 80 percent or more of the plurality of particles have an interparticle spacing of 5 μm to 15 μm.

Example 43 is the method of any preceding or following example wherein the plurality of particles comprises iron-containing particles, the majority of the iron-containing particles having a diameter of 1 μm to 40 μm.

Example 44 is the method of any of the preceding or subsequent Examples wherein the iron-containing particles constitute 1%-4% of the total volume of the aluminum alloy.

Example 45 is the method of any of the preceding or following Examples, wherein the aluminum alloy further comprises manganese-containing dispersoids, the manganese-containing dispersoids having diameters between 10 nm and 1.5 μm.

Example 46 is the method of any of the preceding or following Examples wherein manganese-containing dispersoids constitute up to 1% of the total volume of the aluminum alloy.

Example 47 is a method for improving the formability of a metal product, the cast metal product comprising a metal composite, the metal composite comprising iron, magnesium, manganese, and silicon. , the ratio of the wt% of silicon in the metal composite to the wt% of iron in the metal composite is 0.5 to 1.0, and the metal composite comprises one or more of silicon and iron or manganese and β phase intermetallic particles comprising one or more of iron or manganese; and a ratio of interparticle spacing to particle density of 0 homogenizing the cast metal product to control the interparticle spacing of the plurality of particles to be between 0.0003/μm and 0.0006/μm and to control the particle density of the plurality of particles. , is the method.

Example 48 is the method of any of the preceding or following Examples wherein the interparticle spacing is between 1 μm and 25 μm.

Example 49 is the method of any of the preceding or following Examples wherein the particle density is 5-30,000 particles/μm ² .

Example 50 is the method of any of the preceding or following Examples wherein the particle density is 5-1,000 particles/μm ² .

Example 51 is the method of any of the preceding or following examples, wherein the plurality of particles are composed of particle diameters between 1 μm and 50 μm.

Example 52 shows that homogenizing the cast metal product comprises heating the cast metal product to a homogenization temperature of 400°C to 800°C; soaking for a duration of time.

Example 53 is the method of any preceding or following example wherein the homogenization temperature is within 25°C of the solidus temperature of the cast metal product.

Example 54 is any preceding or subsequent example wherein homogenizing the cast metal product further comprises subjecting the cast metal product to one or more of a hot rolling process or a cold rolling process. The method.

Example 55 is a method of making an aluminum alloy product, comprising preparing a cast aluminum alloy product, the cast aluminum alloy product comprising a 3xxx series aluminum alloy comprising aluminum, iron, magnesium, manganese, and silicon. wherein the ratio of the wt% of silicon in the 3xxx series aluminum alloy to the wt% of iron in the 3xxx series aluminum alloy is 0.5 to 1.0, and the cast aluminum alloy product is composed of aluminum and iron or manganese and α-phase intermetallic particles comprising one or more of aluminum, silicon, and iron or manganese; a cast aluminum alloy product; to a homogenization temperature of 575°C to 615°C to homogenize the cast aluminum alloy product to form a homogenized aluminum alloy product; soaking for a duration of time, wherein the silicon from the 3xxx series aluminum alloy diffuses into at least a portion of the beta phase intermetallic particles such that at least a portion of the beta phase intermetallic particles become alpha phase intermetallic particles. It is a method that is transformed.

Example 56 is the method of any of the preceding or following examples having a duration of 24 hours to 36 hours.

Example 57 is the method of any of the preceding or following examples having a duration of 24 hours to 30 hours.

Example 58 is the process of any of the preceding or following examples wherein the homogenization temperature is between 580°C and 610°C.

Example 59 is the method of any preceding or following example wherein the homogenization temperature is within 25°C of the solidus temperature of the 3xxx series aluminum alloy.

Example 60 is the method of any preceding or following example wherein iron diffuses from the beta phase intermetallic particles and is replaced by manganese during soaking.

Example 61 is any preceding or subsequent example in which iron diffuses from the beta phase intermetallic particles and combines with dispersoids present in the cast aluminum alloy product to form alpha phase intermetallic particles during soaking. It is a method.

Example 62 is the method of any of the preceding or following examples wherein the dispersoids comprise manganese.

Example 63 is the method of any of the preceding or following Examples wherein the average size of the β-phase intermetallic particles decreases during soaking compared to the average size of the β-phase intermetallic particles prior to soaking.

Example 64 shows that the number density of beta-phase intermetallic particles in the cast aluminum alloy product decreases during soaking compared to the number density of beta-phase intermetallic particles in the cast aluminum alloy product before soaking, preceding or any of the following examples.

Example 65 is the method of any of the preceding or following Examples wherein about 30% to 100% of the β-phase intermetallic particles are converted to alpha-phase intermetallic particles during soaking.

Example 66 is the method of any preceding or subsequent example wherein the ratio of the number density of alpha phase intermetallic particles to the number density of beta phase intermetallic particles in the homogenized aluminum alloy product is from 2 to 1000. be.

Example 67 is the method of any preceding or subsequent Example wherein the ratio of the number density of alpha phase intermetallic particles to the number density of beta phase intermetallic particles in the cast aluminum alloy product is from 0.3 to 3. is.

Example 68 is the method of any of the preceding or following Examples wherein the ratio of wt% silicon to wt% iron in the 3xxx series aluminum alloy is from 0.55 to 0.9.

Example 69 is a 3xxx series aluminum alloy containing 0.8-1.4 wt% magnesium, 0.8-1.3 wt% manganese, up to 0.25 wt% copper, and 0.25-0.7 wt% silicon. , up to 0.7 wt% iron, up to 0.25 wt% zinc, and aluminum.

Example 70 is the method of any preceding or subsequent Example wherein preparing the cast aluminum alloy product comprises preparing a molten 3xxx series aluminum alloy and casting the molten 3xxx series aluminum alloy.

Example 71 is the method of any of the preceding or subsequent Examples wherein preparing the molten 3xxx-series aluminum alloy comprises melting a combination of a 3xxx-series aluminum alloy source and a 5xxx-series aluminum alloy source.

Example 72 is a method of any of the preceding or subsequent Examples in which the 3xxx-based aluminum alloy source material and the 5xxx-based aluminum alloy source material are derived from reclaimed source material.

Example 73 shows that preparing the molten 3xxx-series aluminum alloy further comprises melting a 4xxx-series aluminum alloy or a 6xxx-series aluminum alloy with a 3xxx-series aluminum alloy source and a 5xxx-series aluminum alloy source, preceding or following Any method of illustration.

Illustration 74 is the method of any of the preceding or subsequent examples, wherein the homogenization temperature is the first homogenization temperature and the temperature of the homogenized aluminum alloy product is less than the first homogenization temperature. reducing to a lower second homogenization temperature; and soaking the homogenized aluminum alloy product at the second homogenization temperature for a second duration.

Instance 75 is the method of any of the preceding or following instances wherein the second duration is 1-24 hours.

Example 76 is the process of any of the preceding or following Examples wherein the second homogenization temperature is between 500°C and 600°C.

Example 77 is the method of any of the preceding or subsequent Examples wherein the surface quality of the homogenized aluminum alloy product is controlled by soaking the homogenized aluminum alloy product at a second homogenization temperature.

Example 78 is the method of any preceding or subsequent example further comprising subjecting the homogenized aluminum alloy product to one or more rolling processes to produce a rolled aluminum alloy product.

Example 79 is an aluminum alloy product comprising a homogenized 3xxx series aluminum alloy comprising aluminum, iron, magnesium, manganese, and silicon, wherein the homogenized 3xxx series aluminum to wt% iron in the homogenized 3xxx series aluminum alloy. The wt% ratio of silicon in the alloy is between 0.5 and 1.0, and the homogenized 3xxx series aluminum alloy is an α-phase intermetallic containing aluminum, silicon, and one or more of iron or manganese At least a portion of the α-phase intermetallic particles are converted from β-phase intermetallic particles comprising aluminum and one or more of iron or manganese during homogenization of the 3xxx series aluminum alloy. , is an aluminum alloy product.

Example 80 has a ratio of the number density of alpha phase intermetallic particles in the homogenized 3xxx series aluminum alloy to the number density of β phase intermetallic particles in the An aluminum alloy product of any preceding or subsequent example wherein the ratio of volume percent of alpha phase intermetallic particles to volume percent of intermetallic particles is from 0.6 to 1000.

Example 81 is an aluminum alloy product of any preceding or subsequent example in which the homogenized 3xxx series aluminum alloy is subjected to one or more rolling processes.

Example 82 is a homogenized 3xxx series aluminum alloy containing 0.8-1.4 wt% magnesium, 0.8-1.3 wt% manganese, up to 0.25 wt% copper, 0.25-0.7 wt% of silicon, up to 0.7 wt% iron, up to 0.25 wt% zinc, and aluminum.

Example 83 is the aluminum alloy product of any of the preceding examples prepared by the method of any of the preceding examples.

Example 84 is the method of any of the preceding examples, including the method of making the aluminum alloy product of any of the preceding examples.

All patents, publications, and abstracts cited above are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties. The foregoing description of embodiments, including illustrated embodiments, has been presented for purposes of illustration and description only and is intended to be exhaustive or limited to the precise forms disclosed. isn't it. Numerous modifications, adaptations and uses thereof will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

Claims (70)

An aluminum alloy product,
including aluminum alloys containing aluminum, iron, magnesium, manganese, and silicon;
A ratio of wt% of iron in the aluminum alloy to wt% of silicon in the aluminum alloy is 0.5 to 5.0,
The aluminum alloy comprises alpha-phase intermetallic particles containing aluminum, silicon, and one or more of iron or manganese, and beta-phase intermetallic particles containing aluminum and one or more of iron or manganese. containing a plurality of particles containing
The aluminum alloy has a particle density of the plurality of particles of 5 particles/μm ² to 30,000 particles/μm ² , and the aluminum alloy has an inter-particle spacing of the plurality of particles of 1 μm to 25 μm.
The aluminum alloy product. The aluminum alloy product of claim 1, wherein said plurality of particles have diameters between 500 nm and 50 µm. The aluminum alloy product according to claim 1, wherein said particle density is 50-1,000 particles/μm ² . The aluminum alloy is
0.1 wt% to 1.0 wt% iron,
0.05 wt% to 0.8 wt% silicon,
0.2 wt% to 2.0 wt% manganese,
0.2 wt% to 2.0 wt% magnesium,
up to 0.5 wt% copper,
2. The aluminum alloy product of claim 1, comprising up to 0.05 wt% zinc and aluminum. 2. The aluminum alloy product of claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy contains up to 0.15 wt% impurities. The aluminum alloy is
0.2 wt% to 0.8 wt% iron,
0.10 wt% to 0.7 wt% silicon,
0.6 wt% to 1.0 wt% manganese,
0.7 wt% to 1.0 wt% magnesium,
up to 0.25 wt% copper,
up to 0.2 wt% zinc,
up to 0.10 wt% titanium,
Chromium up to 0.10 wt%,
Zirconium up to 0.10 wt%,
2. The aluminum alloy product of claim 1, comprising up to 0.10 wt% vanadium and aluminum. The aluminum alloy is
0.3 wt% to 0.7 wt% iron,
0.15 wt% to 0.5 wt% silicon,
0.8 wt% to 1.2 wt% manganese,
0.9 wt% to 1.2 wt% magnesium,
0.1 wt% to 0.2 wt% copper;
Zinc up to 0.15 wt%,
up to 0.08 wt% titanium,
Chromium up to 0.05 wt%,
Zirconium up to 0.05 wt%,
2. The aluminum alloy product of claim 1, comprising up to 0.05 wt% vanadium and aluminum. The α-phase intermetallic particles constitute 0.5% to 4.0% by volume of the aluminum alloy,
the β-phase intermetallic particles constitute 0% to 2.0% by volume of the aluminum alloy;
The aluminum alloy product according to claim 1. The ratio of the number density of the α-phase intermetallic particles to the number density of the β-phase intermetallic particles is 0.2 to 1,000, or the volume of the α-phase intermetallic particles to the volume % of the β-phase intermetallic particles % ratio is 0.6 to 1,000,
The aluminum alloy product according to claim 1. 10. The aluminum alloy product according to claim 9, wherein the ratio of the number density of said α phase intermetallic particles to said number density of said β phase intermetallic particles is 0.3-3. 2. The aluminum alloy product of claim 1, wherein 80 percent or more of said plurality of grains have an inter-grain spacing of 5 μm to 15 μm. 2. The aluminum alloy product of claim 1, wherein said plurality of particles comprises iron-containing particles, a majority of said iron-containing particles having a diameter of 1 μm to 40 μm. 13. The aluminum alloy product of claim 12, wherein said iron-containing particles constitute 1% to 4% of the total volume of said aluminum alloy. 2. The aluminum alloy product of claim 1, further comprising manganese-containing dispersoids, the majority of said manganese-containing dispersoids having a diameter of 10 nm to 1.5 μm. 15. The aluminum alloy product of claim 14, wherein said manganese-containing dispersoids constitute up to 1% of the total volume of said aluminum alloy. wherein the aluminum alloy comprises a homogenized 3xxx series aluminum alloy;
a ratio of the wt% of the iron in the homogenized 3xxx series aluminum alloy to the wt% of the silicon in the homogenized 3xxx series aluminum alloy is 0.5 to 1.0;
the homogenized 3xxx series aluminum alloy comprises α-phase intermetallic particles;
at least a portion of the alpha phase intermetallic particles are converted from beta phase intermetallic particles during homogenization of the homogenized 3xxx series aluminum alloy;
The aluminum alloy product according to claim 1. The ratio of the number density of the α phase intermetallic particles in the homogenized 3xxx series aluminum alloy to the number density of the β phase intermetallic particles in the homogenized 3xxx series aluminum alloy is 2 to 1000, or the β phase The ratio of the volume % of the α-phase intermetallic particles to the volume % of the intermetallic particles is 0.6 to 1000.
The aluminum alloy product according to claim 16. 17. The aluminum alloy product of claim 16, wherein the homogenized 3xxx series aluminum alloy is subjected to one or more rolling processes. The homogenized 3xxx series aluminum alloy is
0.8-1.4 wt% magnesium;
0.8-1.3 wt% manganese;
up to 0.25 wt% copper;
0.25-0.7 wt% silicon;
up to 0.7 wt% iron;
17. The aluminum alloy product of claim 16, comprising up to 0.25 wt% zinc and aluminum. A method of making an aluminum alloy product, comprising:
Preparing a cast aluminum alloy product comprising an aluminum alloy, said aluminum alloy comprising aluminum, iron, magnesium, manganese, and silicon, wherein the ratio of silicon in said aluminum alloy to wt% of iron in said aluminum alloy. is 0.5 to 1.0, and the aluminum alloy comprises α-phase intermetallic particles containing aluminum, silicon, and one or more of iron or manganese, aluminum and iron or preparing a plurality of particles comprising beta-phase intermetallic particles comprising one or more of manganese;
homogenizing aluminum by heating the cast aluminum alloy product to a homogenization temperature of 500° C. to 650° C. and soaking the cast aluminum alloy product at the homogenization temperature for a duration of 0.1 hour to 36 hours; homogenizing the cast aluminum alloy product to form an alloy product;
wherein the aluminum alloy product has a particle density of the plurality of particles of 5 to 30,000 particles/μm ² ;
the aluminum alloy product has an inter-particle spacing of the plurality of particles of 1 μm to 25 μm;
the aforementioned method. A method according to claim 20, wherein said duration is 0.5 to 10 hours. The method of claim 20, wherein the homogenization temperature is between 570°C and 620°C. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the homogenization temperature is within 25[deg.]C of the solidus temperature of the aluminum alloy. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein during said soaking, the size of said [beta]-phase intermetallic particles decreases compared to the size of said [beta]-phase intermetallic particles before said soaking. during the soaking, the number density of the beta phase intermetallic particles in the cast aluminum alloy product is reduced compared to the number density of the beta phase intermetallic particles in the cast aluminum alloy product prior to the soaking; 21. The method of claim 20. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the plurality of particles are composed of particle diameters between 500 nm and 50 μm. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the particle density is 50-1,000 particles/μm ² . The aluminum alloy is
0.1 wt% to 1.0 wt% iron,
0.05 wt% to 0.8 wt% silicon,
0.2 wt% to 2.0 wt% manganese,
0.2 wt% to 2.0 wt% magnesium,
up to 0.5 wt% copper,
21. The method of claim 20, comprising up to 0.05 wt% zinc and aluminum. The aluminum alloy is
0.2 wt% to 0.8 wt% iron,
0.10 wt% to 0.7 wt% silicon,
0.6 wt% to 1.0 wt% manganese,
0.7 wt% to 1.0 wt% magnesium,
up to 0.25 wt% copper;
up to 0.2 wt% zinc,
up to 0.10 wt% titanium,
Chromium up to 0.10 wt%,
Zirconium up to 0.10 wt%,
21. The method of claim 20, comprising up to 0.10 wt% vanadium and aluminum. The aluminum alloy is
0.3 wt% to 0.7 wt% iron,
0.15 wt% to 0.5 wt% silicon,
0.8 wt% to 1.2 wt% manganese,
0.9 wt% to 1.2 wt% magnesium,
0.1 wt% to 0.2 wt% copper;
zinc up to 0.15 wt%;
up to 0.08 wt% titanium,
Chromium up to 0.05 wt%,
Zirconium up to 0.05 wt%,
21. The method of claim 20, comprising up to 0.05 wt% vanadium and aluminum. The α-phase intermetallic particles constitute 0.5% to 4.0% by volume of the aluminum alloy,
the β-phase intermetallic particles constitute 0 to 2.0% by volume of the aluminum alloy;
21. The method of claim 20. The ratio of the number density of the α-phase intermetallic particles to the number density of the β-phase intermetallic particles is 0.2 to 1,000, or the volume of the α-phase intermetallic particles to the volume % of the β-phase intermetallic particles % ratio is 0.6 to 1,000,
21. The method of claim 20. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the ratio of the number density of the alpha phase intermetallic particles to the number density of the beta phase intermetallic particles is 0.3-3. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein 80 percent or more of the plurality of particles have an interparticle spacing of 5 μm to 15 μm. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein said plurality of particles comprises iron-containing particles, a majority of said iron-containing particles having a diameter between 1 μm and 40 μm. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the iron-containing particles constitute 1% to 4% of the total volume of the aluminum alloy. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the aluminum alloy further comprises manganese-containing dispersoids, the manganese-containing dispersoids having diameters between 10 nm and 1.5 μm. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the manganese-containing dispersoids constitute up to 1% of the total volume of the aluminum alloy. the cast aluminum alloy product comprises a 3xxx series aluminum alloy comprising aluminum, iron, magnesium, manganese, and silicon;
A ratio of wt% of silicon in the 3xxx series aluminum alloy to wt% of iron in the 3xxx series aluminum alloy is 0.5 to 1.0,
the cast aluminum alloy product comprising beta-phase intermetallic particles and alpha-phase intermetallic particles;
the homogenization temperature is between 575°C and 615°C;
said duration is between 12 hours and 36 hours;
silicon from the 3xxx series aluminum alloy diffuses into at least a portion of the beta phase intermetallic particles to convert at least a portion of the beta phase intermetallic particles to alpha phase intermetallic particles;
21. The method of claim 20. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein said duration is 24-36 hours. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein said duration is 24-30 hours. The method of claim 39, wherein the homogenization temperature is between 580°C and 610°C. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein the homogenization temperature is within 25[deg.]C of the solidus temperature of the 3xxx series aluminum alloy. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein during said soaking, iron diffuses from said [beta]-phase intermetallic particles and is replaced by manganese. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein during said soaking, iron diffuses from said [beta]-phase intermetallic particles and combines with dispersoids present in said cast aluminum alloy product to form [alpha]-phase intermetallic particles. 46. The method of claim 45, wherein the dispersoids comprise manganese. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein during said soaking, the average size of said [beta]-phase intermetallic particles decreases compared to the average size of said [beta]-phase intermetallic particles before soaking. wherein during said soaking the number density of said beta phase intermetallic particles in said cast aluminum alloy product is reduced as compared to the number density of said beta phase intermetallic particles in said cast aluminum alloy product prior to soaking. Item 40. The method of Item 39. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein about 30% to 100% of the beta phase intermetallic particles are converted to alpha phase intermetallic particles during the soaking. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein the ratio of the number density of alpha phase intermetallic particles to the number density of beta phase intermetallic particles in the homogenized aluminum alloy product is between 2 and 1000. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein the ratio of the number density of alpha phase intermetallic particles to the number density of beta phase intermetallic particles in the cast aluminum alloy product is between 0.3 and 3. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein the ratio of the wt% of silicon to the wt% of iron in the 3xxx series aluminum alloy is between 0.55 and 0.9. The 3xxx series aluminum alloy is
0.8-1.4 wt% magnesium;
0.8-1.3 wt% manganese;
up to 0.25 wt% copper;
0.25-0.7 wt% silicon;
up to 0.7 wt% iron;
40. The method of claim 39, comprising up to 0.25 wt% zinc and aluminum. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein preparing the cast aluminum alloy product comprises preparing a molten 3xxx series aluminum alloy and casting the molten 3xxx series aluminum alloy. 55. The method of claim 54, wherein preparing the molten 3xxx-based aluminum alloy comprises melting a combination of a 3xxx-based aluminum alloy source and a 5xxx-based aluminum alloy source. 56. The method of claim 55, wherein the 3xxx-based aluminum alloy source material and the 5xxx-based aluminum alloy source material are derived from recycled raw materials. 56. The method of claim 55, wherein preparing the molten 3xxx series aluminum alloy further comprises melting a 4xxx series aluminum alloy or a 6xxx series aluminum alloy with the 3xxx series aluminum alloy source material and the 5xxx series aluminum alloy source material. Method. the homogenization temperature is a first homogenization temperature;
reducing the temperature of the homogenized aluminum alloy product to a second homogenization temperature that is lower than the first homogenization temperature;
soaking the homogenized aluminum alloy product at the second homogenization temperature for a second duration of time;
40. The method of claim 39. 59. The method of claim 58, wherein said second duration is between 1 hour and 24 hours. 59. The method of claim 58, wherein said second homogenization temperature is between 500°C and 600°C. 59. The method of claim 58, wherein soaking the homogenized aluminum alloy product at the second homogenization temperature controls the surface quality of the homogenized aluminum alloy product. 40. The method of Claim 39, further comprising subjecting the homogenized aluminum alloy product to one or more rolling processes to produce a rolled aluminum alloy product. A method for improving the formability of a metal product, comprising:
A cast metal product comprising a metal composite, the metal composite comprising iron, magnesium, manganese, and silicon, wherein the ratio of The wt% ratio of silicon is between 0.5 and 1.0, and the metal composite comprises alpha-phase intermetallic particles containing silicon and one or more of iron or manganese and iron or manganese. providing a plurality of particles comprising beta-phase intermetallic particles comprising one or more of
In order to control the interparticle spacing of the plurality of particles and to control the particle density of the plurality of particles such that the ratio of the interparticle spacing to the particle density is 0.0003/μm to 0.0006/μm homogenizing the cast metal product;
The above method, comprising 64. The method of claim 63, wherein the interparticle spacing is between 1 μm and 25 μm. 64. The method of claim 63, wherein the particle density is 5-30,000 particles/μm ² . 66. The method of claim 65, wherein the particle density is 5-1,000 particles/μm ² . 64. The method of claim 63, wherein the plurality of particles are comprised of particle diameters between 1 μm and 50 μm. Homogenizing the cast metal product includes heating the cast metal product to a homogenization temperature of 400° C. to 800° C.;
soaking the cast metal product at the homogenization temperature for a duration of 0.1 hour to 48 hours;
64. The method of claim 63, comprising: 69. The method of claim 68, wherein the homogenization temperature is within 25[deg.]C of the solidus temperature of the cast metal product. 69. The method of Claim 68, wherein homogenizing the cast metal product further comprises subjecting the cast metal product to one or more of a hot rolling process or a cold rolling process.

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