JP2023522289A - 生物学的に活性な代謝産物の発見および進化 - Google Patents
生物学的に活性な代謝産物の発見および進化 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、米国特許法119(e)にて2020年1月8日に出願された米国仮出願第62/958,368号の利益を主張するものであり、当該文献は全体における引用によって本明細書に組み込まれる。
本発明は、米国国立科学財団によって与えられた認可番号1750244号の下、米国政府の支援を受けて行われた。政府は本発明に一定の権利を有している。
「代謝経路」という用語は、本明細書で使用されるように、代謝産物の合成を可能にする遺伝子の集合体を指す。
これまでの研究では、大腸菌の菌株は、2つの遺伝的にコードされたモジュール--PTP1Bの阻害と抗生物質耐性に関する遺伝子の発現を結びつけるB2Hシステムと、アモルファジエンの産生に関する代謝経路--で生成されたが、異なる代謝経路を持つ類似株よりも高い抗生物質耐性を示した(図2)。最近の研究では、この結果をさらに詳しく調べている。まず、それによると、最大の耐性には活性なアモルファジエンシンターゼ(ADS)の活性と機能的なB2Hシステムの両方が必要であることが示された(図9)。次に、ADSの主要生成物であるアモルファジエンの阻害効果を、p-ニトロフェニルリン酸(pNPP;図10C)のPTP1B触媒性の加水分解への影響を測定することで確認した。初期速度は、非競合的または不競合的な阻害の特徴的な飽和挙動を示した。最も重要なことは、アモルファジエンのIC50は約53μMであり、液体培養で生成した72μMよりも低い濃度であったことである。比較のために、タキサジエンのIC50は119μMであり、液体培養での力価よりもはるかに低い濃度であった。したがって、インビトロの試験の結果は、アモルファジエンはPTP1Bを阻害することによって抗生物質耐性を付与することを示している。最後に、酵素結合免疫吸着アッセイ(ELISA)を用いて、アモルファジエンがHEK293T/17細胞内でPTP1Bを阻害する能力を実証した(図10D~図10E)。
バクテリア菌株。大腸菌DH10B、ケミカルコンピテントNEBTurbo、またはエレクトロコンピテントOneShotTop10(Invitrogen)を用いて、分子クローニングを実施してテルペノイド産生の予備解析を行った。大腸菌BL2-DE31は、インビトロ研究のためのタンパク質の発現に使用され、大腸菌s103048は、発光研究とテルペノイド媒介性の増殖(すなわち、進化研究)を含むすべての実験に使用された。
ここで、Aiは分析物iによって生成されるピークの面積であり、Astdは試料中のカリオフィレンのCstdによって生成されるピークの面積、Rは基準試料中のカリオフィレンとアモルファジエンの応答係数の比である。
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疾病関連タンパク質を阻害する小分子の設計は、医薬品化学の長年の課題を表す。ここで、この課題、つまりヒト創薬標的の阻害を微生物宿主へコードすること、およびそれを使用して、標的とされた生物学的に活性な天然生成物の発見ならびに生合成を先導するアプローチを記載する。このアプローチは、タンパク質チロシンホスフォターゼ1B(PTP1B)の2個のこれまで未知であったテルペノイド阻害剤を同定し、それらは糖尿病および癌の治療のための難解な治療標的である。少なくとも1個の阻害剤が、普通でない選択性を付与するアロステリック部位を標的とし、両方が、生存細胞におけるPTP1Bを阻害できる。4464個の遺伝子のプールからの24個の特徴づけられていないテルペンシンターゼのスクリーニングは、追加的ヒットを明らかにし、スケーラブルな発見アプローチを示し、異なるPTPを微生物宿主に取り組むことは、PTPに特異的な検出システムをもたらした。所見は、いまだ予期しない構造および/または結合部位を持つ、正確に定められた生化学活性を表す天然生成物を発見および構築するために、微生物を使用する潜在性を例示する。
大腸菌は、インキュベート不可能または低収量有機体からの天然生成物を構築するための多方面にわたるプラットフォームである30,31。我々は、PTP1Bの不活性化を検出するようプログラムされた大腸菌株(つまり、遺伝的にコードされた対象)が、それを阻害する天然生成物(つまり、対象に対する分子溶液)の発見を可能にするかもしれない仮説を立てた。そのような株をプログラムするために、我々はPTP1BおよびSrcキナーゼが遺伝子発現を制御する、バクテリアツーハイブリッド(B2H)システムを組み立てた(図21A)。このシステムでは、Srcは基質ドメインをリン酸化することで、興味対象遺伝子(GOI)の転写を活性化するタンパク質間相互作用を可能にする。PTP1Bは基質ドメインを脱リン酸化することでその相互作用を妨げて、PTP1Bの不活性化により相互作用を再度可能にする。大腸菌は、そのプロテオームがSrcとPTP1B(注1)32の調節活性から結果として生じ得るオフターゲットの増殖障害を最小にするために、H.sapiensのプロテオームと十分に直交しているため、この検出システムにとって特に良い宿主である。
活性部位の外側に結合するPTP1Bの阻害剤を探索するため、我々は、B2Hシステムを、大部分が非極性構造二次代謝物の構造的に多様なクラスであるテルペノイドに対する代謝経路と結び付け(図22A)、そのうちのいくつかは、PTP1Bを阻害すると知られている36,37。テルペノイドは80000超の既知の化合物を含み、および全ての特徴づけられる天然生成物の3分の1近くを表す38(臨床的に承認されている薬品39のおよそ50%の基礎となっている)。初めに、我々は確立した阻害効果なしに、構造的に多様なテルペノイドの一握りに焦点をあてた(図22B):アモルファジン(AD)、γ-フムレン、α-ビサボレン(AB)、アビエタジエン、およびタキサジエン。各テルペノイド経路は2個のプラスミド由来モジュールから成っていた:(i)S.cerevisiae(大腸菌における発現に最適化された40)からのメバロン酸依存性のイソプレノイド経路、および(ii)大腸菌における選ばれた5個のテルペノイドの1を発現および生成すると事前に例示されたテルペンシンターゼ40~44。テルペンシンターゼは、ジテルペノイド生成に必要な時に、ゲラニルゲラニル二リン酸シンターゼを補充された。これらのモジュールは大腸菌において、力価0.3~18mg/Lのテルペノイドを生成した(図26)。
PTPのアロステリック部位阻害剤は薬品開発にとって貴重な起点である。これらの分子は、PTPの、よく保存され正電荷を帯びた活性部位の外部に結合し、および選択性ならびに膜透過性を基質アナログよりも改善させる傾向がある21。これらの考慮に動機づけられて、早期のスクリーニングは、基質と競合することなく、PTP1Bを弱く阻害する(IC50=350μM)ベンズブロマロン誘導体を同定した。この化合物のその後の最適化は、アロステリック領域に結合する2個の改善された阻害剤(IC50s=8,および22μM)をもたらす45(図23A)。次の15年にわたって、触媒ドメインにおけるこのまたは他のアロステリック部位に結合する新規阻害剤を探索するための努力は、大部分が失敗に終わっている47。ベンズブロマロンは 結晶学的に立証された結合部位を伴うアロステリック阻害剤に過ぎない。(しかしながら完全長のタンパク質の無秩序領域に結合するアロステリック阻害剤はNMRで特徴づけられる25)アロステリック部位を発見するための新規アプローチは明らかに必要とされている。
我々の微生物株は、新規PTP1B阻害剤を生成するそれらの能力についての遺伝子をスクリーニングする力強いツールを提供する。ほとんどのテルペノイドは、ケーススタディとして商業的に利用可能ではなく、さらに、それらの代謝経路が判明している時でさえ、それらの生合成、精製、インビトロの分析は既存の方法と並列化するのが難しい資源集約的なプロセスである54。我々のB2Hシステムは、可能性のある解を提供するものである。それは単純な増殖共役アッセイで阻害合成遺伝子を同定することが可能である。我々は特徴づけられていない生合成遺伝子の多様なセットをスクリーニングするためにそれを用いることにより、発見への取り組みにそれを応用することを模索した。簡潔に言って、我々は、4464個の構成部要素のクラドグラムを構築しおよび注釈をつけることにより、最大のテレペンシンターゼファミリーのバイオインフォマティクス分析を実行した(図27)。ここから、我々は8個のクレード:全く特徴づけられていない遺伝子を伴う6個のクレードと、いくつか特徴づけられる遺伝子を伴う2個のクレードの各々から3個の特徴づけられていない遺伝子を合成した(図24A)。我々は、これら24個の系統学的に多様な遺伝子(菌類から8個、植物から13個、細菌から3個)は、酵素を異なる生成プロフャイルで、および潜在的に特徴づけられていないクレード、新規のセスキテルペンスキャフォールドの包含を通してコードすることができる。
我々は、複数の他の疾病関連PTPの不活性化を検出するその能力を評価することにより、我々のB2Hシステムの汎用性を模索した。簡潔に言えば、我々はPTP1Bの遺伝子をPTPN2、PTPN6,またはPTPN12の遺伝子と交換した。これらの酵素はそれぞれ免疫療法強化55、卵巣癌の治療56、および急性心筋梗塞の治療57のための標的である。それらの触媒ドメインは、PTP1Bの触媒ドメインと31~65%の配列同一性を共有する。興味深いことに、新規B2Hシステムは即座に機能的であった。PTP不活性化は、高濃度スペクチノマイシンの増殖を可能にした(図25A)。この所見は、我々の検出システムはPTPファミリーの他のメンバーへと簡単に拡大することが可能であることを示唆している。
細菌株。我々は、分子クローニング、およびテルペノイド産生の予備的分析を実行するために、大腸菌DH10B、ケミカルコンピテントなNEB TurboまたはエレクトロコンピテントOne Shot Top10 (Invitrogen)を用いた。我々は、インビトロにおける研究におけるタンパク質を発現するために、大腸菌BL2-DE31を使用した。および、我々は大腸菌s103072を発光研究、およびテルペノイド媒介性の増殖(すなわち増殖研究)に関する全ての実験に使用した。
我々は、分子イオン(m/z=204)を走査するためにセレクトイオンモード(SIM)を使用することで、ADSの変異体によって生成されるセスキテルペンを調べた。定量化について、我々は方程式1を使用した。
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本明細書で開示されたすべての特徴は、任意の組み合わせで組み合わせることができる。本明細書で開示された各特徴は、同一の、同等の、または類似の目的を果たす代替的な特徴によって置き換えられてもよい。したがって、明示的に別段の記載がない限り、開示された各特徴は、一般的な一連の同等または類似の特徴の一例に過ぎない。
したがって、他の実施形態も特許請求の範囲に含まれる。
複数の本発明の実施形態が本明細書で説明および図示されてきたが、当業者は、本明細書に記載された機能を実行し、および/または結果および/または1つ以上の利点を得るための様々な他の手段および/または構造を容易に想定し、そのような変形および/または修正の各々は、本明細書に記載された本発明の実施形態の範囲内にあると見なされる。より一般的には、当業者は、本明細書に記載されたすべてのパラメータ、寸法、材料、および構成が例示的であることを意味し、ならびに、実際のパラメータ、寸法、材料、および/または構成が、本発明の教示が用いられる特定の用途に依存することを容易に理解するであろう。
当業者は、本明細書に記載された特定の本発明の実施形態に対する多くの同等物を認識するか、または日常的な実験以上のことを用いずに、上記同等物を確認することができるであろう。したがって、前述の実施形態は例示としてのみ提示され、添付の特許請求の範囲およびその同等物の範囲内で、本発明の実施形態は、具体的に説明および請求されたものとは別に実施され得ることを理解されたい。
本開示の本発明の実施形態は、本明細書に記載された個々の特徴、システム、物品、材料、キット、および/または方法を対象としている。さらに、そのような特徴、システム、物品、材料、キット、および/または方法が相互に矛盾しない場合、そのような特徴、システム、物品、材料、キット、および/または方法の2つ以上の任意の組み合わせは、本開示の本発明の範囲に含まれる。
Claims (28)
- タンパク質機能を調節する分子を産生する代謝経路の発見と進化のための方法であって、前記方法は、
目的のタンパク質を含む宿主細胞の集団を、異なる代謝経路を含む発現ベクターの集団と接触させる工程であって、前記宿主細胞が前記発現ベクターの集団の導入を受け入れることができる、工程と、
前記宿主細胞の集団において代謝経路を発現させる工程であって、前記宿主細胞の集団の1つの細胞またはサブセットは、前記代謝経路が目的のタンパク質を調節する生成物を生成する際に検出可能な出力を生成する、工程と、
前記宿主細胞の集団の1つの細胞またはサブセットにおける検出可能な出力の測定を可能にする条件下で、前記宿主細胞の集団をスクリーニングする工程と、
検出可能な出力を生成する前記宿主細胞の集団の1つの細胞またはサブセットを単離する工程と、
参照経路を保有する参照ベクター、例えば、前記宿主細胞の集団の1つの細胞またはサブセットにおいて、目的のタンパク質の活性を調節するのに十分な濃度および/または効力を有する分子を生成しない経路をコードするベクターの出力よりも高い検出可能な出力をもたらす発現ベクターを単離する工程と、
前記宿主細胞の集団の1つの細胞またはサブセットにおいて、前記参照ベクターの出力よりも高い検出可能な出力をもたらす発現ベクターによってコードされる代謝経路の生成物を特徴づける工程と、を含む、方法。 - 前記宿主細胞は遺伝的にコードされたシステムを含み、ここで、目的のタンパク質の活性は、タンパク質複合体の2つ以上の成分のいずれかが有していない活性を有するタンパク質複合体の組み立てを制御し、したがって、形成された複合体の量に比例して検出可能な出力をもたらす、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記目的のタンパク質は、最初は解離している2つのタンパク質を共有結合させるか、または非共有結合複合体を形成させる、翻訳後修飾を付加する酵素である、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記複合体は、SH2ドメインとそのリン酸化基質との間で形成される複合体の解離定数(Kd)以下のKdを有する2つのタンパク質によって形成される、請求項1-3のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記代謝経路は、フェニルプロパノイドまたは非リボソームペプチドを産生する、請求項1-4のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 異なる代謝経路を含む前記発現ベクターは、出発代謝経路内の1つ以上の遺伝子を変異させることによって生成される経路のライブラリを含む、請求項1-5のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記代謝経路の1つ以上は、未知の生合成能力の遺伝子のセットを含む、請求項1-6のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記参照経路の出力よりも高い検出可能な出力を生成する前記代謝経路の1つ以上は、他の代謝経路の生成物とは異なる生成物を生成する、請求項1-7のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記参照経路の出力よりも高い検出可能な出力を生成する前記代謝経路の1つ以上は、他の代謝経路によって生成される生成物の量よりも多い量の生成物を生成する、請求項1-8のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記参照経路の出力よりも高い検出可能な出力を生成する前記代謝経路の1つ以上は、他の代謝経路よりも低い細胞毒性を示す、請求項1-9のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記代謝経路の生成物は、標準的な分析方法、好ましくは、ガスクロマトグラフィー-質量分析(GC/MS)、液体クロマトグラフィー-質量分析(LC/MS)、および/または核磁気共鳴(NMR)分光法によって特徴づけられる、請求項1-10のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記生成物を単離する工程をさらに含む、請求項1-11のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 好ましくは、ロータリーエバポレーターを使用して、前記生成物を濃縮する工程をさらに含む、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記目的のタンパク質に対する前記生成物の効果を試験する工程をさらに含む、請求項12または13に記載の方法。
- 前記目的のタンパク質は、ユビキチンリガーゼ、SUMOトランスフェラーゼ、メチルトランスフェラーゼ、デメチラーゼ、アセチルトランスフェラーゼ、グリコシルトランスフェラーゼ、パルミトイルトランスフェラーゼ、または関連ヒドロラーゼである、請求項1-14のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 目的のタンパク質を含む宿主細胞の集団と、異なる代謝経路を含む発現ベクターの集団とを含む組成物またはシステムであって、
前記宿主細胞の集団の1つの細胞またはサブセットは、前記代謝経路が前記目的のタンパク質を調節する生成物を生成する際に検出可能な出力を生成し、
任意選択で、前記発現ベクターは、参照経路を保有する参照ベクター、例えば、前記宿主細胞の集団の1つの細胞またはサブセットにおいて、目的のタンパク質の活性を調節するのに十分な濃度および/または効力を有する分子を生成しない経路をコードするベクターの出力よりも高い検出可能な出力をもたらす、組成物またはシステム。 - 前記宿主細胞は遺伝的にコードされたシステムを含み、ここで、前記目的のタンパク質の活性は、タンパク質複合体の2つ以上の成分のいずれかが有していない活性を有するタンパク質複合体の組み立てを制御し、したがって、形成された複合体の量に比例して検出可能な出力をもたらす、請求項16に記載の組成物またはシステム。
- 前記目的のタンパク質は、最初は解離している2つのタンパク質を共有結合させるか、または非共有結合複合体を形成させる、翻訳後修飾を付加する酵素である、請求項16または17に記載の組成物またはシステム。
- 前記複合体は、SH2ドメインとそのリン酸化基質との間で形成される複合体の解離定数(Kd)以下のKdを有する2つのタンパク質によって形成される、請求項16-18のいずれか1つに記載の組成物またはシステム。
- 前記代謝経路は、フェニルプロパノイドまたは非リボソームペプチドを産生する、請求項16-19のいずれか1つに記載の組成物またはシステム。
- 異なる代謝経路を含む前記発現ベクターは、出発代謝経路内の1つ以上の遺伝子を変異させることによって生成される経路のライブラリを含む、請求項16-20のいずれか1つに記載の組成物またはシステム。
- 前記代謝経路の1つ以上は、未知の生合成能力の遺伝子のセットを含む、請求項16-21のいずれか1つに記載の組成物またはシステム。
- 前記参照経路の出力よりも高い検出可能な出力を生成する前記代謝経路の1つ以上は、他の代謝経路の生成物とは異なる生成物を生成する、請求項16-22のいずれか1つに記載の組成物またはシステム。
- 前記参照経路の出力よりも高い検出可能な出力を生成する前記代謝経路の1つ以上は、他の代謝経路によって生成される生成物の量よりも多い量の生成物を生成する、請求項16-23のいずれか1つに記載の組成物またはシステム。
- 前記参照経路の出力よりも高い検出可能な出力を生成する前記代謝経路の1つ以上は、他の代謝経路よりも低い細胞毒性を示す、請求項16-24のいずれか1つに記載の組成物またはシステム。
- 前記目的のタンパク質は、ユビキチンリガーゼ、SUMOトランスフェラーゼ、メチルトランスフェラーゼ、デメチラーゼ、アセチルトランスフェラーゼ、グリコシルトランスフェラーゼ、パルミトイルトランスフェラーゼ、または関連ヒドロラーゼである、請求項16-25のいずれか1つに記載の組成物またはシステム。
- 請求項16-26のうちのいずれか1つに記載の発現ベクターの集団を含む、キット。
- 請求項16-26のうちのいずれか1つに記載の宿主細胞の集団をさらに含む、請求項27に記載のキット。
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