JP2023514599A - RTS and CTS transmission on multilink - Google Patents

Abstract

In a wireless local area network (LAN) system, a receiving MLD (multi-link device) receives a CTS frame even if it receives an RTS frame on the second link if the STA operating on the first link is the TXOP responder. Do not send frames. [Selection drawing] Fig. 30

Description

The present specification relates to a RTS (request to send)/CTS (clear to send) transmission method in a wireless local area network (LAN) system.

Wireless local area networks (WLANs) have been improved in various ways. For example, the IEEE 802.11ax standard proposed an improved communication environment using orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) and downlink multi-user multiple input, multiple output (DL MU MIMO) techniques.

This document proposes technical features that can be exploited in new communication standards. For example, the new communication standard can be the EHT (Extreme high throughput) standard, which is currently under discussion. The EHT standard can use a newly proposed increased bandwidth, an improved PPDU (PHY layer protocol data unit) structure, an improved sequence, a HARQ (Hybrid automatic repeat request) technique, and the like. The EHT standard may be referred to as the IEEE 802.11be standard.

In a wireless local area network (LAN) system according to various embodiments, a method performed by a transmitting device includes technical features related to a channel access method using multilinks. A method performed in a transmitting MLD (multi-link device) of a wireless local area network (WLAN) system, wherein the receiving MLD includes first and second STAs (stations), the first STA operates on a first link and said second STA operates on a second link. The first STA is a TXOP (transmission opportunity) responder. A receiving MLD receives a first request to send (RTS) frame on the second link. The receiving MLD skips clear to send (CTS) frame transmission for the first RTS frame based on the first STA being a TXOP responder. A receiving MLD receives a PPDU (physical protocol data unit) on the second link.

According to an example herein, when one side link is receiving in Non-STR MLD, even if the other side link receives an RTS frame, it does not transmit a CTS frame. A collision can occur if a CTS frame is transmitted while receiving on one link of a Non-STR MLD. Therefore, according to an example herein, collisions between links of Non-STR MLD can be avoided.

1 illustrates an example of a transmitting device and/or a receiving device of the present specification; 1 is a conceptual diagram showing the structure of a wireless LAN (WLAN); FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a general link setup process; FIG. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of PPDU used in the IEEE standard; Fig. 3 shows the allocation of resource units RU used on the 20 MHz band; Fig. 3 shows an arrangement of resource units RU used on the 40 MHz band; Fig. 3 shows an arrangement of resource units RU used on the 80 MHz band; Figure 3 shows the structure of the HE-SIG-B field. An example of assigning multiple User STAs to the same RU by the MU-MIMO technique is shown. Operation by UL-MU is shown. An example of a trigger frame is shown. 4 shows an example of a common information field of a trigger frame; An example of subfields included in the user information (per user information) field is shown. Technical features of the UORA technique are described. Figure 2 shows an example of channels used/supported/defined within the 2.4 GHz band. 1 illustrates an example of channels used/supported/defined within the 5 GHz band. 1 illustrates an example of channels used/supported/defined within the 6 GHz band. 1 shows an example of a PPDU used herein. Fig. 3 shows a modified example of the transmitting device and/or receiving device of the present specification; It is a figure which shows an example of channel bonding. Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of a multi-link transmission method; FIG. 3 illustrates an example of inter-link interference; FIG. 4 illustrates an example of internal interference occurring in a non-STR linkset; FIG. 3 illustrates an example of an RTS/CTS transmission method; FIG. 3 illustrates an example of an RTS/CTS transmission method; FIG. 3 illustrates an example of an RTS/CTS transmission method; FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of a trigger frame format; FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of a trigger frame format; FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of a trigger frame format; FIG. 4 illustrates an example of receive MLD operation; FIG. 10 illustrates an example of transmit MLD operation;

As used herein, "A or B" can mean "A only," "B only," or "both A and B." In other words, "A or B" as used herein may be interpreted as "A and/or B." For example, as used herein, "A, B, or C (A, B or C)" refers to "A only," "B only," "C only," or "A, B, and any and all of C. can mean "any combination of A, B and C".

As used herein, slashes (/) and commas can mean "and/or." For example, "A/B" can mean "A and/or B." Thus, "A/B" can mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". For example, "A, B, C" can mean "A, B, or C."

As used herein, "at least one of A and B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." In addition, in this specification, the expressions "at least one of A or B" and "at least one of A and/or B" mean " can be interpreted in the same way as "at least one of A and B".

Also, as used herein, "at least one of A, B and C" means "A only", "B only", "C only", or "A, B , and C". Also, "at least one of A, B or C" or "at least one of A, B and/or C" ' can mean 'at least one of A, B and C'.

Also, parentheses used herein can mean "for example." Specifically, when 'control information (EHT-Signal)' is displayed, 'EHT-Signal' was proposed as an example of 'control information'. In other words, the 'control information' herein is not limited to 'EHT-Signal', and 'EHT-Signal' is proposed as an example of 'control information'. In addition, even when 'control information (ie, EHT-signal)' is displayed, it may be that 'EHT-signal' was proposed as an example of 'control information'.

Technical features that are individually described in one drawing in this specification can be implemented separately and can be implemented at the same time.

An example herein below may be applied to various wireless communication systems. For example, the following example of this specification can be applied to a wireless local area network (WLAN) system. For example, this specification can be applied to the IEEE 802.11a/g/n/ac standard and the IEEE 802.11ax standard. The present specification may also apply to the newly proposed EHT standard or IEEE 802.11be standard. An example herein can also be applied to new wireless LAN standards that enhance the EHT standard or IEEE 802.11be. Also, an example of the specification can be applied to a mobile communication system. For example, it can be applied to a mobile communication system based on LTE (Long Term Evolution) based on 3GPP (registered trademark) (3rd Generation Partnership Project) standards and its evolution. Also, an example herein can be applied to a 5G NR standard communication system based on the 3GPP standard.

Hereinafter, technical features to which the present specification can be applied will be described in order to explain the technical features of the present specification.

FIG. 1 shows an example of a transmitting device and/or receiving device of the present specification.

The example of FIG. 1 can perform various technical features described below. FIG. 1 relates to at least one STA (station). For example, STAs (110, 120) herein refer to mobile terminals, wireless devices, Wireless Transmit/Receive Units (WTRUs), User Equipment (UE), It may also be called various names such as a Mobile Station (MS), a Mobile Subscriber Unit, or simply a user. The STAs (110, 120) herein may be referred to by various names such as Network, Base Station, Node-B, Access Point (AP), Repeater, Router, Relay. The STAs (110, 120) herein may be referred to by various names such as Receiver, Transmitter, Receiver STA, Transmitter STA, Receiver Device, Transmitter Device.

For example, STAs (110, 120) can play an AP (Access Point) role or a non-AP role. That is, the STAs (110, 120) herein can perform AP and/or non-AP functions. An AP may also be denoted as an AP STA herein.

STAs (110, 120) herein may together support various communication standards other than the IEEE 802.11 standard. For example, communication standards according to 3GPP standards (eg, LTE, LTE-A, 5G NR standards) can be supported. Also, the STA herein can be implemented in various devices such as mobile phones, vehicles, and personal computers. Also, the STA herein can support communication for various communication services such as voice call, video call, data communication, self-driving (Autonomous-Driving), and the like.

The STA (110, 120) herein shall include a medium access control (MAC) according to the IEEE 802.11 standard and a physical layer interface to the wireless medium. can be done.

The STAs (110, 120) are described below with reference to the sub-drawing (a) of FIG.

A first STA ( 110 ) may comprise a processor 111 , memory 112 and transceiver 113 . The illustrated processor, memory, and transceiver can each be implemented in separate chips, or at least two or more of the above blocks/functions can be implemented via one chip.

The transceiver 113 of the first STA performs signal transmission and reception operations. Specifically, IEEE 802.11 packets (eg, IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax/be, etc.) can be transmitted and received.

For example, the first STA (110) may perform the AP's intended operation. For example, AP's processor 111 can receive signals via transceiver 113, process the received signals, generate transmit signals, and provide control for signal transmission. The AP's memory 112 may store signals received via transceiver 113 (ie, received signals) and may store signals transmitted via the transceiver (ie, transmitted signals).

For example, the second STA (120) can perform the intended behavior of a Non-AP STA. For example, the non-AP transceiver 123 performs signal transmission/reception operations. Specifically, IEEE 802.11 packets (eg, IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax/be, etc.) can be transmitted and received.

For example, the Non-AP STA's processor 121 can receive signals via transceiver 123, process the received signals, generate transmission signals, and provide control for signal transmission. The memory 122 of the Non-AP STA can store signals received via the transceiver 123 (ie, received signals) and can store signals transmitted via the transceiver (ie, transmitted signals). can.

For example, device operations denoted AP in the following specification may be performed at a first STA (110) or a second STA (120). For example, if the first STA (110) is an AP, the operation of the AP-indicated device is controlled by the processor 111 of the first STA (110), and the processor 111 of the first STA (110) Relevant signals can be transmitted or received via controlled transceiver 113 . Also, control information related to the operation of the AP and transmission/reception signals of the AP can be stored in the memory 112 of the first STA (110). Also, if the second STA (110) is an AP, the operation of the device indicated by the AP is controlled by the processor 121 of the second STA (120), and the processor 121 of the second STA (120) Relevant signals can be transmitted or received via controlled transceiver 123 . Also, control information related to the operation of the AP and transmission/reception signals of the AP can be stored in the memory 122 of the second STA (110).

For example, the operation of a device denoted non-AP (or User-STA) in the following specification can be performed by the first STA (110) or the second STA (120). For example, if the second STA (120) is a non-AP, the operation of the device indicated by the non-AP is controlled by the processor 121 of the second STA (120), and the second STA (120) Relevant signals can be transmitted or received via a transceiver 123 controlled by the processor 121 of the . Also, control information related to non-AP operations and AP transmission/reception signals can be stored in the memory 122 of the second STA (120). For example, if the first STA (110) is a non-AP, the operation of the device indicated by the non-AP is controlled by the processor 111 of the first STA (110), and the first STA (120) Relevant signals can be transmitted or received via a transceiver 113 controlled by the processor 111 of the . Also, control information related to non-AP operations and AP transmission/reception signals can be stored in the memory 112 of the first STA (110).

In the following specification, (transmit/receive) STA, first STA, second STA, STA1, STA2, AP, first AP, second AP, AP1, AP2, (transmit/receive) Terminal, Devices called (send/receive) device, (send/receive) apparatus, network, etc. may refer to the STAs (110, 120) of FIG. For example, (transmission/reception) STA, first STA, second STA, STA1, STA2, AP, first AP, second AP, AP1, AP2, (transmission/reception) STA, first STA, second STA, AP1, AP2, ) Terminal, (sending/receiving) device, (sending/receiving) apparatus, network, etc. may also mean the STA (110, 120) of FIG. For example, the operations in which various STAs transmit and receive signals (eg, PPPDUs) in the example below may be performed in transceivers 113, 123 of FIG. Also, in the example below, the operations of various STAs generating transmission/reception signals or performing data processing or calculations in advance for transmission/reception signals may be performed by the processors 111 and 121 of FIG. For example, an example of the operation of generating a transmission/reception signal or performing data processing or calculation in advance for the transmission/reception signal is as follows: 1) Bit information of sub-fields (SIG, STF, LTF, Data) contained in the PPDU. 2) time and frequency resources (e.g., subcarrier resources) used for subfield (SIG, STF, LTF, Data) fields contained within the PPDU; ), etc., 3) the specific sequences (e.g. pilot sequence, STF/LTF sequence, SIG 4) power control and/or power saving operations applied to STAs; 5) determining/obtaining/configuring/computing/decoding ACK signals; Can include operations related to /encoding, etc. Also, in one example below, various information (e.g., fields/subfields/control fields/parameters/power related information) used by various STAs to determine/acquire/construct/calculate/decode/encode received and transmitted signals. information) can be stored in the memory 112, 122 of FIG.

The apparatus/STA of sub-figure (a) of FIG. 1 described above can be modified as shown in sub-figure (b) of FIG. The STAs (110, 120) of this specification will be described below with reference to the sub-drawing (b) of FIG.

For example, the transceivers 113, 123 shown in sub-view (b) of FIG. 1 can perform the same functions as the transceivers shown in sub-view (a) of FIG. 1 described above. For example, the processing chips 114, 124 shown in subfigure (b) of FIG. The processors 111, 121 and memories 112, 122 shown in sub-figure (b) of FIG. 1 have the same functions as the processors 111, 121 and memories 112, 122 shown in sub-figure (a) of FIG. It can be carried out.

Mobile terminal, wireless device, Wireless Transmit/Receive Unit (WTRU), User Equipment (UE), Mobile Station (MS), as described below , Mobile Subscriber Unit, User, User STA, Network, Base Station, Node-B, AP (Access Point), Repeater, Router, Relay, Receiver, Transmitter, Receiving STA, Transmitting STA, Receiving Device, Transmitting Device, Receiving Apparatus, and/or Transmitting Apparatus refer to the STAs (110, 120) shown in subfigures (a)/(b) of FIG. 1 sub-figure (b). That is, the technical features of this specification can be performed by the STAs (110, 120) shown in sub-drawings (a)/(b) of FIG. It can also be performed only in the processed processing chips 114, 124. For example, the technical feature of the transmitting STA transmitting the control signal is that the control signal generated by the processors 111 and 121 shown in sub-drawings (a)/(b) of FIG. / can be understood as a technical feature transmitted via the transceiver 113, 123 shown in (b). Alternatively, the technical feature in which the transmitting STA transmits the control signal is the technical feature in which the control signal transmitted to the transceivers 113 and 123 is generated in the processing chips 114 and 124 shown in sub-figure (b) of FIG. can be understood as

For example, the technical feature that the receiving STA receives the control signal can be understood as the technical feature that the control signal is received by the transceivers 113 and 123 shown in sub-figure (a) of FIG. Alternatively, the technical feature of receiving the control signal by the receiving STA is that the control signal received by the transceivers 113 and 123 shown in sub-figure (a) of FIG. 1 is shown in sub-figure (a) of FIG. It can be understood as the technical features obtained by the processors 111,121. Alternatively, the technical feature of the receiving STA receiving the control signal is that the control signal received by the transceivers 113 and 123 shown in the sub-figure (b) of FIG. 1 is shown in the sub-figure (b) of FIG. It can be understood as a technical feature acquired by the processing chip 114,124.

Referring to sub-figure (b) of FIG. 1, software code 115,125 may be provided in memory 112,122. Software code 115 , 125 may include instructions that control the operation of processors 111 , 121 . Software code 115, 125 may be included in various programming languages.

The processors 111, 121 or processing chips 114, 124 shown in FIG. 1 may include application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), other chipsets, logic circuits, and/or data processing devices. The processor can be an AP (application processor). For example, the processors 111, 121 or processing chips 114, 124 shown in FIG. At least one of them can be provided. For example, the processors 111, 121 or processing chips 114, 124 shown in FIG. A-series processors manufactured by ), HELIO™ series processors manufactured by MediaTek®, ATOM™ series processors manufactured by INTEL®, or enhancements thereof.

An uplink herein may refer to a link for communication from a non-AP STA to an AP STA, and uplink PPDU/packets/signals, etc. may be transmitted via the uplink. Also, a downlink herein can mean a link for communication from an AP STA to a non-AP STA, and downlink PPDU/packets/signals, etc. can be transmitted via the downlink.

FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing the structure of a wireless LAN (WLAN).

The top of FIG. 2 shows the structure of the IEEE (Institute of electrical and electronic engineers) 802.11 infrastructure BSS (basic service set).

Referring to the top of FIG. 2, a wireless LAN system may include one or more infrastructure BSSs (200, 205) (hereinafter BSSs). BSS (200, 205) is a set of APs and STAs such as AP (access point, 225) and STA1 (Station, 200-1) that can successfully synchronize and communicate with each other. It is not a concept that points to an area. BSS (205) may also include one or more STAs (205-1, 205-2) that are capable of binding to one AP (230).

The BSS may include at least one STA, APs (225, 230) providing distribution services, and a distribution system (DS, 210) connecting a plurality of APs.

The distributed system 210 can realize an extended service set (ESS) 240 by connecting several BSSs (200, 205). ESS ( 240 ) can be used as a term to refer to a network consisting of one or more APs linked via distributed system 210 . APs included in one ESS (240) can have the same SSID (service set identification).

A portal (portal, 220) can serve as a bridge that connects a wireless LAN network (IEEE 802.11) and other networks (eg, 802.X).

In a BSS like the top of FIG. 2, networks between APs (225, 230) and networks between APs (225, 230) and STAs (200-1, 205-1, 205-2) can be implemented. . However, it may also be possible to set up a network between STAs without APs (225, 230) for communication. A network that establishes a network between STAs without an AP (225, 230) for communication is defined as an ad-hoc network (Ad-Hoc network) or an independent basic service set (IBSS).

The lower end of FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing IBSS.

Referring to the bottom of FIG. 2, the IBSS is a BSS that operates in ad-hoc mode. Since IBSS does not include an AP, there is no centralized management entity. That is, in IBSS, STAs (250-1, 250-2, 250-3, 255-4, 255-5) are managed in a distributed manner. In IBSS, all STAs (250-1, 250-2, 250-3, 255-4, 255-5) can consist of mobile STAs, connections to distributed systems are not allowed, and self-contained networks ( form a self-contained network).

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a general link setup process.

In the illustrated step S310, the STA may perform network discovery operations. Network discovery operations may include STA scanning operations. That is, in order for the STA to access the network, it has to search for a joinable network. A STA must identify a compatible network before joining a wireless network, and the network identification process that exists in a specific area is called scanning. Scanning methods include active scanning and passive scanning.

FIG. 3 illustratively illustrates a network discovery operation that includes an active scanning process. A STA that performs active scanning transmits a probe request frame and waits for a response to search for nearby APs while changing channels. A responder transmits a probe response frame as a response to the probe request frame to the STA that transmitted the probe request frame. Here, the responder may be the STA that last transmitted a signal frame (beacon frame) in the BSS of the channel being scanned. In BSS, the AP is the responder because the AP transmits signaling frames, and in IBSS, the STAs in the IBSS transmit signaling frames in turn, so the responders are not constant. For example, a STA that has transmitted a probe request frame on channel 1 and received a probe response frame on channel 1 stores the BSS-related information included in the received probe response frame, channel) and scanning in the same way (ie probe request/response transmission/reception on channel 2).

Although not shown in the example of FIG. 3, the scanning operation can also be performed in a passive scanning manner. A STA scanning based on passive scanning can wait for a signal frame while shifting channels. A signaling frame is one of the management frames in IEEE 802.11, and notifies the presence of a wireless network and enables a scanning STA to find and join the wireless network. periodically sent to In BSS, the AP is responsible for periodically transmitting signaling frames, and in IBSS, STAs within the IBSS sequentially transmit signaling frames. When a scanning STA receives a signal frame, it stores information about the BSS included in the signal frame, and records the signal frame information on each channel while moving to another channel. A STA that receives a signaling frame can store the BSS-related information contained in the received signaling frame, move to the next channel, and scan the next channel in the same manner.

The STA that discovers the network can perform an authentication process through step S320. Such an authentication process can be called a first authentication process in order to clearly distinguish it from the security setup operation of step S340, which will be described later. The authentication process of S320 may include a process in which the STA transmits an authentication request frame to the AP, and in response the AP transmits an authentication response frame to the STA. An authentication frame used for authentication request/response corresponds to a management frame.

The authentication frame contains an authentication algorithm number, an authentication transaction sequence number, a status code, a challenge text (challenge text), a Robust Security Network (RSN), a finite Information about cyclic groups (Finite Cyclic Groups) and the like can be included.

The STA can send an authentication request frame to the AP. The AP can decide whether or not to allow authentication for the STA based on the information contained in the received authentication request frame. The AP can provide the result of the authentication process to the STA via an authentication response frame.

A successfully authenticated STA may perform an association process based on step S330. In the association process, the STA sends an association request frame to the AP, and in response the AP sends an association response frame to the STA. Including process. For example, the connection request frame contains information related to various capabilities, signal listen interval, service set identifier (SSID), supported rates (supported rates), supported channels ( support channel)), RSN, mobility domain, supported operating classes (supported operating classes), TIM broadcast request (Traffic Indication Map Broadcast request), interworking service capabilities, etc. can. For example, the concatenation response frame contains information related to various capabilities, status code, AID (Association ID), support rate, EDCA (Enhanced Distributed Channel Access) parameter set, RCPI (Received Channel Power Indicator), RSNI (Received Signal to Noise Indicator), mobility domain, timeout interval (association comeback time), overlapping BSS scan parameters, TIM broadcast response, QoS map, etc. can be included.

Then, in step S340, the STA may perform a security setup process. The security setup process of step S340 may include, for example, a private key setup process through 4-way handshaking through an EAPOL (Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN) frame. .

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of PPDU used in the IEEE standard.

As shown, standards such as IEEE a/g/n/ac used various forms of PPDU (PHY protocol data unit). Specifically, the LTF and STF fields contain training signals, SIG-A and SIG-B contain control information for the receiving station, and the data field contains PSDU (MAC PDU/Aggregated MAC PDU). contains user data corresponding to

FIG. 4 also includes an example HE PPDU of the IEEE 802.11ax standard. The HE PPDU according to FIG. 4 is an example of PPDU for multiple users, HE-SIG-B is included only for multiple users, and the HE-SIG is included in the PPDU for a single user. -B can be omitted.

As shown, HE-PPDUs for multiple users (Multiple User; MU) are L-STF (legacy-short training field), L-LTF (legacy-long training field), L- SIG (legacy-signal), HE-SIG-A (high efficiency-signal A), HE-SIG-B (high efficiency-signal-B), HE-STF (high efficiency-short training field), HE-LTF ( high efficiency-long training field), data field (or MAC payload) and PE (Packet Extension) field. Each field can be transmitted during the time interval shown (ie, 4 or 8 μs, etc.).

The resource unit RU used in the PPDU is described below. A resource unit may contain multiple subcarriers (or tones). A resource unit may be used when transmitting signals to multiple STAs based on OFDMA techniques. A resource unit may also be defined when transmitting a signal to one STA. A resource unit can be used for STF, LTF, data fields, and so on.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the allocation of resource units RU used on the 20 MHz band.

As shown in FIG. 5, resource units (RUs) corresponding to different numbers of tones (that is, subcarriers) can be used to configure some fields of HE-PPDU. . For example, resources may be allocated in units of RUs shown for HE-STF, HE-LTF, and data fields.

As shown at the top of FIG. 5, 26-units (ie units corresponding to 26 tones) may be arranged. Six tones are used as a guard band in the leftmost band of the 20 MHz band, and five tones are used as a guard band in the rightmost band of the 20 MHz band. can be done. In addition, 7 DC tones are inserted in the center band, that is, the DC band, and there may be 26-units corresponding to 13 tones on each side of the DC band. Other bands may be assigned 26-units, 52-units, and 106-units. Each unit can be assigned for a receiving station, ie user.

On the other hand, the RU placement in FIG. 5 is utilized not only in the situation for multiple user MUs, but also in the situation for single user SU, where as shown at the bottom of FIG. It is possible to use one 242-unit, in which case 3 DC tones can be inserted.

In one example of FIG. 5, various sizes of RUs, that is, 26-RU, 52-RU, 106-RU, 242-RU, etc., are proposed. or increased, the present embodiment is not limited to the specific size of each RU (ie, the number of corresponding tones).

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the arrangement of resource units RU used on the 40 MHz band.

26-RU, 52-RU, 106-RU, 242-RU, 484-RU, etc. can be used in the example of FIG. In addition, 5 DC tones can be inserted into the center frequency, 12 tones are used as a guard band in the leftmost band of the 40MHz band, and the rightmost band of the 40MHz band is used. rightmost) band, 11 tones can be used as a guard band.

Also, as shown, a 484-RU may be used when used for a single user. On the other hand, the fact that the specific number of RUs can be changed is the same as the example of FIG.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the arrangement of resource units RU used on the 80 MHz band.

Similar to the various sizes of RUs used in the examples of FIGS. 5 and 6, the example of FIG. RU, etc. may be used. In addition, 7 DC tones can be inserted into the center frequency, 12 tones are used as a guard band in the leftmost band of the 80MHz band, and the rightmost band of the 80MHz band is used. rightmost) band, 11 tones can be used as a guard band. Also, a 26-RU using 13 tones each located on the left and right sides of the DC band can be used.

Also, as shown, when used for a single user, 996-RU may be used, in which case 5 DC tones may be inserted.

The RUs described herein can be used for UL (Uplink) communication and DL (Downlink) communication. For example, when UL-MU communication solicited by the Trigger frame is performed, the transmitting STA (eg, AP) sends the first RU (eg, 26/52/106/ 242-RU, etc.), and the second STA may be assigned a second RU (eg, 26/52/106/242-RU, etc.). Thereafter, the first STA can transmit a first Trigger-based PPDU based on the first RU, and the second STA can transmit a second Trigger-based PPDU based on the second RU. can be done. The first/second trigger-based PPDUs are sent to the AP in the same time interval.

For example, when a DL MU PPDU is configured, the transmitting STA (eg, AP) assigns the first STA a first RU (eg, 26/52/106/242-RU, etc.) and assigns the second A STA may be assigned a second RU (eg, 26/52/106/242-RU, etc.). That is, the transmitting STA (eg, AP) can transmit the HE-STF, HE-LTF, Data fields for the first STA via the first RU within one MU PPDU, and the second RU. HE-STF, HE-LTF, Data fields for the second STA can be sent via the STA.

Information regarding the placement of RUs can be signaled via HE-SIG-B.

FIG. 8 shows the structure of the HE-SIG-B field.

As shown, HE-SIG-B field 810 includes common field 820 and user-specific field 830 . Common field 820 may contain information commonly applied to all users (ie, user STAs) receiving SIG-B. User-individual field 830 may be referred to as a user-individual control field. The User-Individual field 830 can be applied only to some of the multiple users when SIG-B is delivered to multiple users.

As shown in FIG. 8, common field 820 and user-specific field 830 can be encoded separately.

Common field 820 may include N*8 bits of RU allocation information. For example, the RU allocation information may include information regarding the location of RUs. For example, as in FIG. 5, when a 20 MHz channel is used, the RU allocation information includes information on which RU (26-RU/52-RU/106-RU) is placed in which frequency band. can be done.

An example of 8-bit RU allocation information is as follows.

As in the example of FIG. 5, a 20 MHz channel may be assigned up to nine 26-RUs. As shown in Table 1, if the RU allocation information in the common field 820 is set to '00000000', the corresponding channel (ie, 20 MHz) can be allocated nine 26-RUs. Also, as shown in Table 1, when the RU allocation information of the common field 820 is set to '00000001', seven 26-RUs and one 52-RU are allocated to the corresponding channel. That is, in the example of FIG. 5, 52-RUs can be allocated on the far right, and 7 26-RUs can be allocated on the left.

An example of Table 1 shows only some of the RU locations for which RU allocation information can be displayed.

For example, the RU allocation information may include an example of Table 2 below.

“01000y2y1y0” relates to an example where the leftmost 106-RU of a 20 MHz channel is allocated and five 26-RUs are allocated to its right. In this case, 106-RUs may be assigned multiple STAs (eg, User-STAs) based on MU-MIMO techniques. Specifically, up to 8 STAs (eg, User-STA) can be allocated to 106-RU, and the number of STAs (eg, User-STA) allocated to 106-RU is 3 bits. It is determined based on the information (y2y1y0). For example, if the 3-bit information (y2y1y0) is set to N, the number of STAs (eg, User-STAs) allocated to 106-RUs based on the MU-MIMO technique may be N+1.

In general, multiple RUs can be assigned multiple different STAs (eg, User STAs). However, for one RU of a certain size (eg, 106 subcarriers) or above, multiple STAs (eg, User STAs) may be assigned based on the MU-MIMO technique.

As shown in FIG. 8, user-individual field 830 can include multiple user fields. As described above, the number of STAs (eg, User STAs) allocated to a specific channel may be determined based on the RU allocation information of the common field 820 . For example, if the RU allocation information in the common field 820 is '00000000', one User STA is allocated to each of nine 26-RUs (that is, a total of nine User STAs are allocated). can. That is, up to 9 User STAs can be assigned to a specific channel by the OFDMA technique. In other words, up to 9 User STAs can be assigned to a specific channel by the non-MU-MIMO technique.

For example, if the RU allocation is set to '01000y2y1y0', the leftmost 106-RU is assigned a plurality of User STAs by the MU-MIMO technique, and five 26 - A RU may be assigned 5 User STAs by the non-MU-MIMO technique. Such a case is embodied through an example in FIG.

FIG. 9 shows an example in which multiple User STAs are assigned to the same RU by the MU-MIMO technique.

For example, if the RU allocation is set to '01000010' as shown in FIG. 26-RU may be allocated. Also, a total of 3 User STAs can be allocated to 106-RUs by the MU-MIMO technique. As a result, a total of 8 User STAs are allocated, so the HE-SIG-B User-Individual field 830 can contain 8 User fields.

Eight User fields can be included in the order shown in FIG. Also, as shown in FIG. 8, two User fields can be realized with one User block field.

The User fields shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 can be configured based on two formats. That is, the User field associated with the MU-MIMO technique can be configured in a first format, and the User field associated with the non-MU-MIMO technique can be configured in a second format. Referring to the example of FIG. 9, User field 1 through User field 3 can be based on a first format, and User field 4 through User field 8 can be based on a second format. The first format or the second format may contain bit information of the same length (eg, 21 bits).

Each User field can have the same size (eg, 21 bits). For example, the User field of the first format (the format of the MU-MIMO technique) can be configured as follows.

For example, the first bit (eg, B0-B10) in the User field (ie, 21 bits) contains identification information (eg, STA-ID, partial AID, etc.) of the User STA to which the User field is assigned. can be done. Also, the second bits (eg, B11-B14) in the User field (ie, 21 bits) may contain information regarding spatial configuration. Specifically, an example of the second bits (ie, B11-B14) may be as shown in Tables 3 and 4 below.

As shown in Table 3 and/or Table 4, the second bits (that is, B11-B14) include information about the number of Spatial Streams allocated to multiple User STAs allocated by the MU-MIMO technique. can be done. For example, as shown in FIG. 9, when 3 User STAs are allocated to 106-RU based on the MU-MIMO technique, N_user is set to '3', as shown in Table 3. , N_STS[1], N_STS[2], N_STS[3] may be determined. For example, if the value of the second bits (B11-B14) is '0011', it can be set to N_STS[1]=4, N_STS[2]=1, and N_STS[3]=1. That is, in the example of FIG. 9, four Spatial Streams are allocated to User field 1, one Spatial Stream is allocated to User field 2, and one Spatial Stream is allocated to User field 3. Spatial Streams may be allocated.

As an example of Table 3 and/or Table 4, information (that is, second bits B11-B14) regarding the number of spatial streams for a user station (User STA) consists of 4 bits. can be Also, information (ie, second bits, B11-B14) regarding the number of spatial streams for a user station (User STA) can support up to eight spatial streams. Also, information about the number of spatial streams (ie, the second bits, B11-B14) can support up to four spatial streams for one User STA.

Also, the third bits (ie, B15-18) in the User field (ie, 21 bits) can contain MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme) information. The MCS information can be applied to the data field within the PPDU that contains the SIG-B.

MCS, MCS information, MCS index, MCS field, etc. used herein can be indicated with a specific index value. For example, the MCS information can be indicated by indexes 0 to 11. The MCS information includes information about the quality modulation type (eg, BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, 256-QAM, 1024-QAM, etc.) and coding rate (eg, 1/2, 2/3, 3/ 4, 5/6, etc.). MCS information may exclude information about channel coding type (eg, BCC or LDPC).

Also, the fourth bit (ie, B19) in the User field (ie, 21 bits) can be a Reserved field.

Also, the fifth bit (ie, B20) in the User field (ie, 21 bits) may contain information about the coding type (eg, BCC or LDPC). That is, the fifth bit (ie, B20) can contain information about the type of channel coding (eg, BCC or LDPC) applied to the data field in the PPDU containing the SIG-B.

An example given above relates to the User field of the first format (the format of the MU-MIMO technique). An example of the User field in the second format (non-MU-MIMO technique format) is as follows.

The first bit (eg, B0-B10) in the User field of the second format may contain the identity of the User STA. Also, the second bits (eg, B11-B13) in the User field of the second format may contain information about the number of spatial streams applied to the corresponding RU. Also, a third bit (eg, B14) in the User field of the second format may contain information regarding whether the beamforming steering matrix is applied. The fourth bits (eg, B15-B18) in the User field of the second format can contain MCS (Modulation and coding scheme) information. Also, a fifth bit (eg, B19) in the User field of the second format may contain information on whether DCM (Dual Carrier Modulation) is applied. Also, the sixth bit (ie, B20) in the User field of the second format can contain information about the coding type (eg, BCC or LDPC).

FIG. 10 shows the operation by UL-MU. As shown, a transmitting STA (eg, AP) can establish a channel connection via contenting (ie, Backoff operation) and transmit a Trigger frame (1030). That is, the transmitting STA (eg, AP) can transmit a PPDU including the Trigger Frame (1330). When a PPDU containing a Trigger Frame is received, a TB (trigger-based) PPDU is transmitted after a delay corresponding to SIFS.

The TB PPDUs (1041, 1042) are transmitted in the same time period and can be transmitted from multiple STAs (eg, User STAs) whose AIDs are indicated in the Trigger Frame (1030). The ACK frame 1050 for the TB PPDU can be implemented in various forms.

Specific features of the trigger frame are explained via FIGS. 11-13. Even when UL-MU communication is used, an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) technique or a MU MIMO technique may be used, or both OFDMA and MU MIMO techniques may be used simultaneously.

FIG. 11 shows an example of a trigger frame. The trigger frame of FIG. 11 allocates resources for uplink multiple-user transmissions (MU transmissions) and can be sent, for example, from an AP. A trigger frame may consist of a MAC frame and may be included in a PPDU.

Some of the respective fields shown in FIG. 11 may be omitted and other fields may be added. Also, the length of each of the fields can be varied differently than shown.

A frame control field 1110 of FIG. 11 includes information about the MAC protocol version and other additional control information, and a duration field 1120 includes time information for NAV setting and an STA identifier (for example, AID) may be included.

Also, the RA field 1130 includes the address information of the receiving STA of the trigger frame, and can be omitted if necessary. The TA field 1140 includes address information of the STA (e.g., AP) that transmits the trigger frame, and the common information field 1150 includes common control information applied to the receiving STA that receives the trigger frame. include. For example, a field indicating the length of the L-SIG field of the upward PPDU transmitted in correspondence with the trigger frame, or the SIG-A field of the upward PPDU transmitted in correspondence with the trigger frame (ie, HE- Information controlling the content of the SIG-A field) may be included. Also, the common control information may include information on the length of the CP of the uplink PPDU transmitted in response to the trigger frame and information on the length of the LTF field.

Also, it is preferable to include per user information fields 1160#1 to 1160#N corresponding to the number of receiving STAs receiving the trigger frame of FIG. Said individual user information field may also be referred to as an "assignment field".

The trigger frame of FIG. 11 may also include a padding field 1170 and a frame check sequence field 1180. FIG.

Each of the per user information fields 1160#1 through 1160#N shown in FIG. 11 can further include multiple subfields.

FIG. 12 shows an example of the common information field of the trigger frame. Some of the subfields of FIG. 12 may be omitted, and other subfields may be added. Also, the length of each of the illustrated subfields can be varied.

The illustrated length field 1210 has the same value as the length field of the L-SIG field of the upward PPDU transmitted in response to the trigger frame, and the length field of the L-SIG field of the upward PPDU is Represents the length of the upward PPDU. Consequently, the length field 1210 of the trigger frame can be used to indicate the length of the corresponding uplink PPDU.

Also, the cascade indicator field 1220 indicates whether cascade operations are performed. Cascading operation means that both downlink and uplink MU transmissions occur within the same TXOP. That is, it means that the uplink MU transmission is performed after a preset time (eg, SIFS) after the downlink MU transmission is performed. During cascade operation, there can be only one transmitting device (eg, AP) performing downlink communication, and multiple transmitting devices (eg, non-AP) performing uplink communication.

The CS request field 1230 indicates whether the condition of the wireless medium, NAV, etc. should be taken into consideration when the receiving device receiving the trigger frame transmits the corresponding uplink PPDU.

The HE-SIG-A information field 1240 can contain information that controls the content of the SIG-A field (that is, the HE-SIG-A field) of the upward PPDU transmitted in response to the trigger frame. .

The CP and LTF type field 1250 may contain information about the LTF length and CP length of the uplink PPDU transmitted in response to the trigger frame. A trigger type field 1260 may indicate the purpose for which the trigger frame is used, eg, normal triggering, triggering for beamforming, request for Block ACK/NACK, and the like.

It can be assumed herein that the trigger type field 1260 of the trigger frame indicates a Basic type of trigger frame for normal triggering. For example, a Basic type trigger frame may be referred to as a basic trigger frame.

FIG. 13 shows an example of subfields included in the user information (per user information) field. The user information field 1300 of FIG. 13 can be understood as any one of the individual user information fields 1160#1-1160#N referred to in FIG. 11 above. Some of the subfields included in the user information field 1300 of FIG. 13 may be omitted, and other subfields may be added. Also, the length of each of the illustrated subfields can be varied.

A User Identifier field 1310 of FIG. 13 represents an identifier of a STA (that is, a receiving STA) corresponding to individual user information (per user information). can be all or part of the association identifier) value.

Also, an RU Allocation field 1320 may be included. That is, when the receiving STA identified by the user identifier field 1310 transmits the TB PPDU in response to the trigger frame, it transmits the TB PPDU via the RU indicated by the RU allocation field 1320 . In this case, the RU indicated by the RU Allocation field 1320 can be the RU shown in FIGS.

A subfield of FIG. 13 can include a coding type field 1330 . A coding type field 1330 may indicate the coding type of the TB PPDU. For example, when BCC coding is applied to the TB PPDU, the coding type field 1330 is set to '1', and when LDPC coding is applied, the coding type field 1330 is set to '0'. be able to.

The subfields of FIG. 13 may also include an MCS field 1340. FIG. The MCS field 1340 can indicate the MCS technique applied to the TB PPDU. For example, when BCC coding is applied to the TB PPDU, the coding type field 1330 is set to '1', and when LDPC coding is applied, the coding type field 1330 is set to '0'. be able to.

The UL OFDMA-based Random Access (UORA) technique is described below.

FIG. 14 describes technical features of the UORA technique.

A transmitting STA (eg, AP) can allocate 6 RU resources as shown in FIG. 14 via a trigger frame. More specifically, the AP may use the first RU resource AID 0, RU 1, the second RU resource AID 0, RU 2, the third RU resource AID 0, RU 3, the fourth RU resource AID 2045, RU 4. , fifth RU resource AID 2045, RU 5, sixth RU resource AID 3, RU 6). Information about AID 0, AID 3, or AID 2045 can be included in the user identification field 1310 of FIG. 13, for example. Information about RU 1 through RU 6 can be included, for example, in the RU assignment field 1320 of FIG. AID=0 can mean UORA resource for associated STAs, AID=2045 is un-associated It can mean UORA resource for STA. Accordingly, the first to third RU resources of FIG. 14 can be used as UORA resources for associated STAs, and the fourth to fifth RU resources of FIG. - Can be used as a UORA resource for un-associated STAs, and the sixth RU resource in Figure 14 can be used as a resource for normal UL MU.

In one example of FIG. 14, the OBO (OFDMA random access BackOff) counter of STA1 is decremented to 0, and STA1 randomly selects the second RU resource AID 0, RU 2. Also, since the OBO counter of STA2/3 is greater than 0, no uplink resource was allocated to STA2/3. Also, in FIG. 14, STA 4 was allocated the resources of RU 6 without backoff because its AID (ie, AID=3) was included in the trigger frame.

Specifically, since STA1 in FIG. 14 is an associated STA, there are a total of three eligible RA RUs for STA1 (RU 1, RU 2, and RU 3). decremented the OBO counter by 3 and the OBO counter became 0. Also, since STA2 in FIG. 14 is an associated STA, there are a total of three eligible RA RUs for STA2 (RU 1, RU 2, and RU 3), which allows STA2 to The OBO counter has been decremented by 3, but the OBO counter is still greater than 0. Also, since STA3 in FIG. 14 is an un-associated STA, there are a total of two eligible RA RUs for STA3 (RU 4, RU 5), whereby STA3 , the OBO counter is decremented by 2, but the OBO counter is greater than 0.

FIG. 15 shows an example of channels used/supported/defined within the 2.4 GHz band.

The 2.4 GHz band may be called other names, such as the first band (band). In addition, the 2.4 GHz band means a frequency region in which channels adjacent to 2.4 GHz center frequency (for example, channels whose center frequencies are located within 2.4 to 2.5 GHz) are used/supported/defined. be able to.

The 2.4 GHz band may include multiple 20 MHz channels. 20 MHz within the 2.4 GHz band may have multiple channel indices (eg, index 1 through index 14). For example, the center frequency of a 20 MHz channel assigned channel index 1 may be 2.412 GHz, the center frequency of a 20 MHz channel assigned channel index 2 may be 2.417 GHz, and channel index N may be The center frequency of the assigned 20 MHz channel may be (2.407+0.005*N) GHz. A channel index can be called various names, such as a channel number. Specific numerical values of the channel index and center frequency may be changed.

FIG. 15 exemplarily shows four channels in the 2.4 GHz band. The illustrated first frequency region 1510 through fourth frequency region 1540 may each include one channel. For example, the first frequency region 1510 may include channel 1 (20 MHz channel with index 1). At this time, the center frequency of channel 1 can be set to 2412 MHz. A second frequency region 1520 may include the number 6 channel. At this time, the center frequency of channel 6 can be set to 2437 MHz. A third frequency region 1530 may include the 11th channel. At this time, the center frequency of channel 11 can be set to 2462 MHz. A fourth frequency region 1540 may include the 14th channel. At this time, the center frequency of channel 14 can be set to 2484 MHz.

FIG. 16 illustrates an example of channels used/supported/defined within the 5 GHz band.

The 5 GHz band may be referred to by other names such as a second band/band. The 5 GHz band may refer to a frequency region in which channels with center frequencies greater than or equal to 5 GHz and less than 6 GHz (or less than 5.9 GHz) are used/supported/defined. Alternatively, the 5 GHz band may include multiple channels between 4.5 GHz and 5.5 GHz. The specific numerical values shown in FIG. 16 can be changed.

The channels within the 5 GHz band include UNII (Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure)-1, UNII-2, UNII-3, and ISM. UNII-1 can be called UNII Low. UNII-2 can include frequency domains called UNII Mid and UNII-2 Extended. UNII-3 can be called UNII-Upper.

A plurality of channels may be set within the 5 GHz band, and the bandwidth of each channel may be set variously, such as 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, or 160 MHz. For example, the 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency region/range within UNII-1 and UNII-2 can be partitioned into eight 20 MHz channels. A frequency region/range from 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz can be divided into four channels via a 40 MHz frequency region. The 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency region/range can be divided into two channels via the 80 MHz frequency region. Alternatively, the 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency region/range can be divided into one channel via the 160 MHz frequency region.

FIG. 17 illustrates an example of channels used/supported/defined within the 6 GHz band.

The 6 GHz band may be referred to by other names such as the third band/band. The 6 GHz band may refer to a frequency region in which channels with center frequencies of 5.9 GHz or higher are used/supported/defined. The specific numerical values shown in FIG. 17 can be changed.

For example, the 20 MHz channels in Figure 17 can be defined from 5.940 GHz. Specifically, among the 20 MHz channels of FIG. 17, the leftmost channel may have the first index (or channel index, channel number, etc.), and a center frequency of 5.945 GHz may be assigned. That is, the center frequency of the index Nth channel can be determined as (5.940+0.005*N) GHz.

17 are 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, 29, 33, 37, 41, 45, 49, 53, 57, 61, 65, 69, 73, 77, 81, 85, 89, 93, 97, 101, 105, 109, 113, 117, 121, 125, 129, 133, 137, 141, 145, 149, 153, 157, 161, 165, 169, 173, 177, 181, 185, 189, 193, 197, 201, 205, 209, 213, 217, 221, 225, 229, 233. Also, according to the (5.940+0.005*N) GHz convention mentioned above, the indices of the 40 MHz channels in FIG. 99, 107, 115, 123, 131, 139, 147, 155, 163, 171, 179, 187, 195, 203, 211, 219, 227.

Although 20, 40, 80 and 160 MHz channels are illustrated in the example of FIG. 17, additional 240 MHz and 320 MHz channels can be added.

In the following, the PPDUs transmitted/received by the STAs of this specification are described.

FIG. 18 shows an example of a PPDU used herein.

The PPDU in FIG. 18 may be called various names such as EHT PPDU, transmit PPDU, receive PPDU, first type, or Nth type PPDU. For example, PPDU or EHT PPDU may be referred to herein as various names such as transmitted PPDU, received PPDU, first type, or Nth type PPDU. Also, EHT PPUs can be used in EHT systems and/or new wireless LAN systems that improve on EHT systems.

The PPDU of FIG. 18 may indicate some or all of the PPDU types used in the EHT system. For example, the example of FIG. 18 can be used for both SU (single-user) mode and MU (multi-user) mode. In other words, the PPDU in FIG. 18 is a PPDU for one receiving STA or multiple receiving STAs. If the PPDU of FIG. 18 is used for TB (Trigger-based) mode, EHT-SIG of FIG. 18 can be omitted. In other words, an STA that receives a trigger frame for UL-MU (Uplink-MU) communication can transmit a PPDU in which EHT-SIG is omitted in the example of FIG.

In FIG. 18, L-STF to EHT-LTF can be called preambles or physical preambles, and can be generated/transmitted/received/acquired/decoded in the physical layer.

The subcarrier spacing of the L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, U-SIG, and EHT-SIG fields in FIG. A subcarrier spacing can be determined at 78.125 kHz. That is, the L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, U-SIG, EHT-SIG field tone index (or subcarrier index) is displayed in units of 312.5 kHz, EHT-STF, EHT - LTF, the tone index (or subcarrier index) of the Data field can be displayed in units of 78.125 kHz.

The L-LTF and L-STF above the PPDU of FIG. 18 can be the same as conventional fields.

The L-SIG field of FIG. 18 can contain, for example, 24 bits of bit information. For example, 24-bit information may include a 4-bit Rate field, a 1-bit Reserved bit, a 12-bit Length field, a 1-bit Parity bit, and a 6-bit Tail bit. For example, a 12-bit Length field can contain information about the length or time duration of the PPDU. For example, the value of the 12-bit Length field can be determined based on the type of PPDU. For example, if the PPDU is a non-HT, HT, VHT PPDU or an EHT PPDU, the value of the Length field can be determined as a multiple of 3. For example, if the PPDU is an HE PPDU, the value of the Length field can be determined as 'multiple of 3+1' or 'multiple of 3+2'. In other words, the value of the Length field for non-HT, HT, VHT PPDU or EHT PPDU can be determined to be a multiple of 3, and the value of the Length field for HE PPDU is "3 can be determined as a multiple of +1" or a multiple of 3 +2".

For example, the transmitting STA can apply BCC encoding based on a code rate of 1/2 to the 24-bit information of the L-SIG field. The transmitting STA can then obtain 48 BCC-encoded bits. For 48 coded bits, BPSK modulation may be applied to generate 48 BPSK symbols. The transmitting STA can map the 48 BPSK symbols to positions excluding pilot subcarriers {subcarrier indices −21, −7, +7, +21} and DC subcarriers {subcarrier index 0}. Consequently, the 48 BPSK symbols can be mapped to subcarrier indices −26 to −22, −20 to −8, −6 to −1, +1 to +6, +8 to +20, and +22 to +26. can. The transmitting STA may further map signals of {-1, -1, -1, 1} to subcarrier indices {-28, -27, +27, +28}. The above signals can be used for channel estimation for the frequency domain corresponding to {-28, -27, +27, +28}.

A transmitting STA can generate an RL-SIG that is generated similarly to an L-SIG. BPSK modulation may be applied for RL-SIG. The receiving STA knows that the received PPDU is HE PPDU or EHT PPDU based on the presence of RL-SIG.

After RL-SIG in FIG. 18, U-SIG (Universal SIG) can be inserted. U-SIG may be referred to variously as first SIG field, first SIG, first type SIG, control signal, control signal field, first (type) control signal, and so on.

U-SIG may contain N bits of information and may contain information to identify the type of EHT PPDU. For example, U-SIG can be constructed based on two symbols (eg, two consecutive OFDM symbols). Each symbol for U-SIG (eg, OFDM symbol) may have a duration of 4us. Each symbol in U-SIG can be used to transmit 26-bit information. For example, each symbol in U-SIG can be transmitted and received based on 52 data tones and 4 pilot tones.

Via the U-SIG (or U-SIG field), for example, A-bit information (eg, 52 un-coded bits) may be transmitted, and the first symbol of U-SIG is the total A-bit information. Among them, the first X bit information (eg, 26 un-coded bit) is transmitted, and the second symbol of U-SIG is the remaining Y bit information (eg, 26 un-coded bit) out of the total A bit information. can be sent. For example, the transmitting STA can obtain 26 un-coded bits included in each U-SIG symbol. The transmitting STA can perform convolutional encoding (ie, BCC encoding) based on the rate of R=1/2 to generate 52-coded bits and perform interleaving on the 52-coded bits. The transmitting STA can perform BPSK modulation on the interleaved 52-coded bits to generate 52 BPSK symbols assigned to each U-SIG symbol. One U-SIG symbol can be transmitted based on 56 tones (subcarriers) from subcarrier index −28 to subcarrier index +28, excluding DC index 0. The 52 BPSK symbols generated by the transmitting STA can be transmitted based on the remaining tones (subcarriers) excluding −21, −7, +7, +21 tones which are pilot tones.

For example, the A-bit information (eg, 52 un-coded bits) transmitted by U-SIG includes a CRC field (eg, a 4-bit length field) and a tail field (eg, a 6-bit length field). can be done. The CRC field and tail field can be transmitted via the second symbol of U-SIG. The CRC field can be generated based on the 26 bits allocated to the first symbol of U-SIG and the remaining 16 bits within the second symbol excluding the CRC/tail field. It can be generated based on the CRC calculation algorithm. Also, the tail field can be used to terminate the trellis of the convolutional decoder, and can be set to '000000', for example.

A-bit information (eg, 52 un-coded bits) transmitted by U-SIG (or U-SIG field) can be divided into version-independent bits and version-dependent bits. For example, the size of version-independent bits can be fixed or variable. For example, version-independent bits can be assigned only to the first symbol of U-SIG, or version-independent bits can be assigned to both the first and second symbols of U-SIG. For example, version-independent bits and version-dependent bits can be called various names such as first control bits and second control bits.

For example, the U-SIG version-independent bits may include a 3-bit PHY version identifier. For example, a 3-bit PHY version identifier may contain information related to the PHY version of the transmitted and received PPDUs. For example, a first value of the 3-bit PHY version identifier can indicate that the transmitted and received PPDUs are EHT PPDUs. In other words, the transmitting STA may set the 3-bit PHY version identifier to the first value when transmitting the EHT PPDU. In other words, the receiving STA can determine that the received PPDU is an EHT PPDU based on the PHY version identifier having the first value.

For example, the U-SIG version-independent bits may include a 1-bit UL/DL flag field. The first value of the 1-bit UL/DL flag field is associated with UL communication and the second value of the UL/DL flag field is associated with DL communication.

For example, U-SIG version-independent bits may include information about the length of the TXOP and information about the BSS color ID.

For example, the EHT PPDU is classified into various types (eg, EHT PPDU supporting SU, EHT PPDU supporting MU, EHT PPDU related to Trigger Frame, EHT PPDU related to Extended Range transmission, etc.). information about the EHT PPDU type can be included in the version-dependent bits of the U-SIG.

For example, U-SIG includes 1) a bandwidth field containing information about bandwidth, 2) a field containing information about MCS techniques applied to EHT-SIG, 3) dual subcarrier modulation in EHT-SIG , DCM) an indication field containing information related to whether the technique is applied, 4) a field containing information related to the number of symbols used for EHT-SIG, 5) EHT-SIG generated over the entire band 6) a field containing information about the type of EHT-LTF/STF; 7) a field indicating the length of EHT-LTF and CP length.

Preamble puncturing may be applied to the PPDU of FIG. Preamble puncturing means applying puncturing to a partial band (eg, secondary 20 MHz band) in the entire band of PPDU. For example, when an 80 MHz PPDU is transmitted, the STA applies puncturing to the secondary 20 MHz band of the 80 MHz band, and can transmit the PPDU only through the primary 20 MHz band and the secondary 40 MHz band.

For example, the preamble puncturing pattern can be preset. For example, when the first puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing may be applied only to the secondary 20 MHz band within the 80 MHz band. For example, when the second puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing may be applied to only one of two secondary 20 MHz bands included in the secondary 40 MHz band within the 80 MHz band. For example, when the third puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing may be applied only to the secondary 20 MHz band included in the primary 80 MHz band within the 160 MHz band (or 80+80 MHz band). For example, when the fourth puncturing pattern is applied, the primary 40 MHz band included in the primary 80 MHz band within the 160 MHz band (or 80 + 80 MHz band) is present, and at least one that does not belong to the primary 40 MHz band Puncturing may be applied for two 20 MHz channels.

Information about preamble puncturing applied to the PPDU can be included in the U-SIG and/or EHT-SIG. For example, the first field of U-SIG contains information about the contiguous bandwidth of the PPDU, and the second field of U-SIG contains information about the preamble puncturing applied to the PPDU. can be done.

For example, U-SIG and EHT-SIG can contain information about preamble puncturing based on the following method. If the PPDU bandwidth exceeds 80 MHz, the U-SIG can be configured individually in 80 MHz increments. For example, if the PPDU bandwidth is 160 MHz, the PPDU may include a first U-SIG for the first 80 MHz band and a second U-SIG for the second 80 MHz band. . In this case, the first field of the first U-SIG contains information about the 160 MHz bandwidth and the second field of the first U-SIG relates to the preamble puncturing applied to the first 80 MHz band. Information (ie, information about the preamble puncturing pattern) may be included. Also, the first field of the second U-SIG contains information on the 160 MHz bandwidth, and the second field of the second U-SIG contains information on the preamble puncturing applied to the second 80 MHz band. (ie, information about the preamble puncturing pattern). On the other hand, the EHT-SIG following the first U-SIG can include information on preamble puncturing applied to the second 80 MHz band (that is, information on the preamble puncturing pattern). EHT-SIG following -SIG can include information on preamble puncturing applied to the first 80 MHz band (ie, information on preamble puncturing pattern).

Additionally or alternatively, U-SIG and EHT-SIG may contain information regarding preamble puncturing based on the method described below. U-SIG may contain information on preamble puncturing for all bands (ie, information on preamble puncturing patterns). That is, EHT-SIG does not contain information about preamble puncturing, and only U-SIG can contain information about preamble puncturing (ie, information about preamble puncturing pattern).

U-SIG can be configured in units of 20 MHz. For example, U-SIG may be duplicated if an 80 MHz PPDU is configured. That is, the same four U-SIGs can be included in the 80MHz PPDU. PPDUs exceeding the 80 MHz bandwidth may contain different U-SIGs.

The EHT-SIG of FIG. 18 may contain control information for the receiving STA. EHT-SIG can be transmitted over at least one symbol, and one symbol can have a length of 4us. Information about the number of symbols used for EHT-SIG can be included in U-SIG.

EHT-SIG can include the technical features of HE-SIG-B described through FIGS. 8-9. For example, EHT-SIG can include a common field and a user-specific field, similar to the example of FIG. The EHT-SIG common field can be omitted and the number of user-specific fields can be determined based on the number of users.

Similar to the example of FIG. 8, the EHT-SIG common field and the EHT-SIG user-specific field can be individually coded. One user block field included in the user-individual field can contain information for two users, but the last user block field included in the user-individual field is , may contain information for one user. That is, one user block field of EHT-SIG can include up to two user fields. Similar to the example of FIG. 9, each user field can be associated with MU-MIMO allocations or non-MU-MIMO allocations.

Similar to the example of FIG. 8, the EHT-SIG common field may include CRC bits and Tail bits, the length of the CRC bits may be determined by 4 bits, and the length of the Tail bits may be determined by 6 bits. It can be determined by bits and set to '000000'.

Similar to the example of FIG. 8, the EHT-SIG common field can include RU allocation information. RU allocation information may mean information about the location of RUs to which multiple users (that is, multiple receiving STAs) are allocated. Similar to Table 1, RU allocation information can be configured in units of 8 bits (or N bits).

Tables 5 to 7 are examples of 8-bit (or N-bit) information for various RU allocations. The index displayed in each table can be changed, some entries can be omitted from Tables 5 to 7, and entries that are not displayed can be added.

An example of Tables 5-7 relates to information regarding the location of RUs assigned to the 20 MHz band. For example, "index 0" in Table 5 may be used in a situation where nine 26-RUs are individually assigned (eg, a situation where nine 26-RUs are individually assigned as shown in FIG. 5). can.

On the other hand, in the EHT system, multiple RUs can be assigned to one STA. 1 26-RU and 1 52-RU to the right of which are allocated for other users (i.e., the receiving STA), and 5 to the right of it. 26-RU can be allocated individually.

A mode in which the EHT-SIG common fields are omitted can be supported. A mode in which the EHT-SIG common field is omitted can be called a compressed mode. When the compressed mode is used, multiple users of the EHT PPDU (ie, multiple receiving STAs) can decode the PPDU (eg, data fields of the PPDU) based on non-OFDMA. That is, multiple users of EHT PPDUs can decode PPDUs (eg, data fields of PPDUs) received over the same frequency band. On the other hand, when the non-compressed mode is used, multiple users of the EHT PPDU can decode the PPDU (eg, data fields of the PPDU) based on OFDMA. That is, multiple users of the EHT PPDU can receive the PPDU (eg, data fields of the PPDU) via different frequency bands.

EHT-SIG can be constructed based on various MCS techniques. As described above, information related to MCS techniques applied to EHT-SIG can be included in U-SIG. EHT-SIG can be constructed based on DCM techniques. For example, of the N data tones (eg, 52 data tones) allocated for EHT-SIG, the first modulation technique is applied to consecutive half tones, and the remaining consecutive half tones are A second modulation technique can be applied to the tones. That is, the transmitting STA modulates specific control information into a first symbol based on a first modulation technique and assigns it to consecutive half tones, and modulates the same control information into a second symbol based on a second modulation technique. It can be modulated into symbols and assigned to the remaining consecutive half tones. As described above, information (eg, a 1-bit field) related to whether the DCM technique is applied to EHT-SIG can be included in U-SIG.

The EHT-STF of FIG. 18 can be used to improve automatic gain control estimation in a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) environment or an OFDMA environment. The EHT-LTF of FIG. 18 can be used to estimate the channel in MIMO or OFDMA environments.

The EHT-STF in FIG. 18 can be set to various types. For example, among STFs, a first type (ie, 1x STF) can be generated based on a first type STF sequence in which non-zero coefficients are placed at 16 subcarrier intervals. The STF signal generated based on the first type STF sequence may have a period of 0.8 μs, and the periodic signal of 0.8 μs is repeated five times to have a length of 4 μs. can be For example, a second type of STF (ie, 2x STF) can be generated based on a second type STF sequence in which non-zero coefficients are placed at 8 subcarrier intervals. The STF signal generated based on the second type STF sequence can have a period of 1.6 μs, and the 1.6 μs periodic signal is repeated 5 times to have a length of 8 μs for the second type EHT - Can be STF. In the following, an example of a sequence for constructing an EHT-STF (ie, an EHT-STF sequence) is presented. The following sequence can be modified in various ways.

EHT-STF can be constructed based on the following M-sequence.

<Number 1>
M = {-1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1}

The EHT-STF for 20 MHz PPDU can be constructed based on the following equations. An example below can be a first type (ie, 1x STF) sequence. For example, the first type sequence can be included in EHT-PPDUs that are not trigger-based (TB) PPDUs. In the following equation, (a:b:c) may mean an interval defined by b tone intervals (ie, subcarrier intervals) from a tone index (ie, subcarrier index) to c tone index. For example, Equation 2 below can represent a sequence defined at intervals of 16 tones from tone index -112 to 112 index. Subcarrier spacing of 78.125 kHz is applied to EHT-STF, so the EHT-STF coefficient (or element) is placed at 78.125*16=1250 kHz intervals for 16 tone intervals. can mean Also, * means multiplication and sqrt( ) means square root.

<Number 2>
EHT-STF(−112:16:112)={M}*(1+j)/sqrt(2)
EHT-STF(0)=0

The EHT-STF for 40 MHz PPDU can be constructed based on the following equations. An example below can be a first type (ie, 1x STF) sequence.

<Number 3>
EHT-STF(−240:16:240)={M, 0, −M}*(1+j)/sqrt(2)

The EHT-STF for 80 MHz PPDU can be constructed based on the following equations. An example below can be a first type (ie, 1x STF) sequence.

<Number 4>
EHT-STF(−496:16:496)={M, 1, −M, 0, −M, 1, −M}*(1+j)/sqrt(2)

The EHT-STF for 160 MHz PPDU can be constructed based on the following equations. An example below can be a first type (ie, 1x STF) sequence.

<Number 5>
EHT-STF(-1008:16:1008) = {M, 1, -M, 0, -M, 1, -M, 0, -M, -1, M, 0, -M, 1, -M} *(1+j)/sqrt(2)

A sequence for the lower 80 MHz of the EHT-STF for the 80+80 MHz PPDU may be the same as Equation 4. A sequence for the upper 80 MHz of the EHT-STF for the 80+80 MHz PPDU can be constructed based on the following equations.

<Number 6>
EHT-STF(−496:16:496)={−M,−1,M,0,−M,1,−M}*(1+j)/sqrt(2)

Equations 7 through 11 below relate to an example of a second type (ie, 2x STF) sequence.

<Number 7>
EHT-STF(−120:8:120)={M, 0, −M}*(1+j)/sqrt(2)

The EHT-STF for 40 MHz PPDU can be constructed based on the following equations.

<Number 8>
EHT-STF(−248:8:248)={M,−1,−M,0,M,−1,M}*(1+j)/sqrt(2)
EHT-STF(-248)=0
EHT-STF(248)=0

The EHT-STF for 80 MHz PPDU can be constructed based on the following equations.

<Number 9>
EHT-STF(-504:8:504) = {M, -1, M, -1, -M, -1, M, 0, -M, 1, M, 1, -M, 1, -M} *(1+j)/sqrt(2)

The EHT-STF for 160 MHz PPDU can be constructed based on the following equations.

<Number 10>
EHT-STF(-1016:16:1016) = {M, -1, M, -1, -M, -1, M, 0, -M, 1, M, 1, -M, 1, -M, 0,-M,1,-M,1,M,1,-M,0,-M,1,M,1,-M,1,-M}*(1+j)/sqrt(2)
EHT-STF(-8)=0, EHT-STF(8)=0,
EHT-STF(-1016)=0, EHT-STF(1016)=0

A sequence for the lower 80 MHz of the EHT-STF for the 80+80 MHz PPDU may be the same as Equation 9. A sequence for the upper 80 MHz of the EHT-STF for the 80+80 MHz PPDU can be constructed based on the following equations.

<Number 11>
EHT-STF(-504:8:504) = {-M, 1, -M, 1, M, 1, -M, 0, -M, 1, M, 1, -M, 1, -M}* (1+j)/sqrt(2)
EHT-STF(-504)=0,
EHT-STF(504)=0

EHT-LTFs can have first, second, and third types (ie, 1x, 2x, 4x LTFs). For example, first/second/third type LTFs can be generated based on an LTF sequence in which non-zero coefficients are placed at 4/2/1 subcarrier intervals. The first/second/third type LTF can have time lengths of 3.2/6.4/12.8 μs. Also, various lengths of GIs (eg, 0.8/1/6/3.2 μs) may be applied to the first/second/third type LTFs.

Information about the type of STF and/or LTF (including information about GI applied to LTF) can be included in the SIG A field and/or SIG B field of FIG. 18, or the like.

The PPDU (ie, EHT-PPDU) of FIG. 18 can be constructed based on the examples of FIGS.

For example, EHT PPDUs transmitted on the 20 MHz band, ie, 20 MHz EHT PPDUs, can be constructed based on the RUs of FIG. That is, the locations of RUs in the EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, and data fields included in the EHT PPDU can be determined as shown in FIG.

EHT PPDUs transmitted on the 40 MHz band, ie, 40 MHz EHT PPDUs, can be constructed based on the RUs of FIG. That is, the EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, and RU locations of the data field included in the EHT PPDU can be determined as shown in FIG.

The RU positions in FIG. 6 correspond to 40 MHz, so repeating the pattern in FIG. 6 twice can determine the tone-plan for 80 MHz. That is, the 80 MHz EHT PPDU can be transmitted based on a new tone-plan in which the RUs of FIG. 6 but not the RUs of FIG. 7 are repeated twice.

If the pattern of FIG. 6 is repeated twice, 23 tones (ie, 11 guard tones+12 guard tones) can be configured in the DC region. That is, the tone-plan for 80 MHz EHT PPDU allocated based on OFDMA can have 23 DC tones. In contrast, an 80 MHz EHT PPDU allocated based on Non-OFDMA (i.e., non-OFDMA full Bandwidth 80 MHz PPDU) is constructed based on 996 RUs, consisting of 5 DC tones, 12 left guard tones, 11 can contain right guard tones.

A tone-plan for 160/240/320 MHz can be constructed in the form of repeating the pattern of FIG. 6 multiple times.

The PPDU of FIG. 18 can be determined (or identified) as an EHT PPDU based on the following method.

The receiving STA may determine the type of received PPDU as EHT PPDU based on the following. For example, 1) the first symbol after the L-LTF signal of the received PPDU is BPSK, 2) the RL-SIG where the L-SIG of the received PPDU is repeated is detected, 3) the length of the L-SIG of the received PPDU If the result of applying 'modulo 3' to the value of the field is detected as '0', the received PPDU can be determined as an EHT PPDU. If the received PPDU is determined to be an EHT PPDU, the receiving STA determines the EHT PPDU type (eg, SU/MU/Trigger-based/Extended Range type) based on bit information included in symbols after RL-SIG in FIG. ) can be detected. In other words, the receiving STA applies 1) the first symbol after the L-LTF signal that is BSPK, 2) the RL-SIG that follows the L-SIG field and is the same as the L-SIG, 3) "modulo 3" and 4) based on the 3-bit PHY version identifier (e.g., the PHY version identifier with the first value) of the U-SIG described above, A received PPDU can be determined as an EHT PPDU.

For example, the receiving STA may determine the type of received PPDU to be HE PPDU based on the following. For example, 1) the first symbol after the L-LTF signal is BPSK, 2) RL-SIG where L-SIG is repeated is detected, and 3) “modulo 3” is set for the Length value of L-SIG. If the application result is detected as '1' or '2', the received PPDU can be determined as an HE PPDU.

For example, the receiving STA may determine the types of received PPDUs as non-HT, HT, and VHT PPDUs based on the following. For example, if 1) the first symbol after the L-LTF signal is BPSK, and 2) the RL-SIG in which the L-SIG is repeated is not detected, the received PPDU is determined as non-HT, HT, and VHT PPDUs. can be Also, even if the receiving STA detects repetition of RL-SIG, if the result of applying "modulo 3" to the length value of L-SIG is detected as "0", the received PPDU is non- HT, HT, and VHT PPDUs can be determined.

In one example below, (send/receive/up/down) signals, (send/receive/up/down) frames, (send/receive/up/down) packets, (send/receive/up/down) data units, Signals indicated by (send/receive/up/down) data, etc., can be signals sent and received based on the PPDU of FIG. The PPDU of FIG. 18 can be used to transmit and receive various types of frames. For example, the PPDU of FIG. 18 can be used for control frames. Examples of control frames may include RTS (request to send), CTS (clear to send), PS-Poll (Power Save-Poll), BlockACKReq, BlockAck, NDP (Null Data Packet) announcement, and Trigger Frame. For example, the PPDU of FIG. 18 can be used for management frames. Examples of management frames may include a beacon frame, a (Re-) Association Request frame, a (Re-) Association response frame, a Probe Request frame, and a Probe Response frame. For example, the PPDU of FIG. 18 can be used for data frames. For example, the PPDU of FIG. 18 may be used to simultaneously transmit at least two or more of control frames, management frames, and data frames.

FIG. 19 shows a modified example of the transmitting device and/or receiving device of this specification.

Each device/STA in sub-drawings (a)/(b) of FIG. 1 can be modified as shown in FIG. Transceiver 630 of FIG. 19 can be identical to transceivers 113, 123 of FIG. Transceiver 630 of FIG. 19 may comprise a receiver and a transmitter.

Processor 610 in FIG. 19 can be the same as processors 111 and 121 in FIG. Alternatively, the processor 610 of FIG. 19 can be identical to the processing chips 114, 124 of FIG.

The memory 150 of FIG. 19 can be the same as the memories 112, 122 of FIG. Alternatively, the memory 150 of FIG. 19 can be another external memory different from the memories 112, 122 of FIG.

As shown in FIG. 19, power management module 611 manages power to processor 610 and/or transceiver 630 . Battery 612 provides power to power management module 611 . A display 613 outputs results processed by the processor 610 . A keypad 614 receives input for use by processor 610 . A keypad 614 can be displayed on the display 613 . The SIM card 615 is used to securely store an international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) and associated keys used to identify and authenticate subscribers in mobile devices such as mobile phones and computers. integrated circuit.

As shown in FIG. 19, speaker 640 can output sound-related results processed by processor 610 . Microphone 641 can receive sound-related input for use by processor 610 .

The technical features of STA-supported channel bonding herein are described below.

For example, in an IEEE 802.11n system, two 20 MHz channels can be combined to perform 40 MHz channel bonding. Also, 40/80/160 MHz channel bonding can be performed in the IEEE 802.11ac system.

For example, a STA may perform channel bonding for a Primary 20 MHz channel (P20 channel) and a Secondary 20 MHz channel (S20 channel). A backoff count/counter can be used in the channel bonding process. The backoff count value can be chosen as a random value and decremented during the backoff interval. Generally, when the backoff count value reaches 0, the STA can attempt to connect to the channel.

The STA that performs channel bonding determines that the P20 channel is in the idle state during the backoff interval, and when the backoff count value for the P20 channel becomes 0, the S20 channel performs a certain period (for example, PIFS (point coordination function Determine whether the Idle state was maintained during the interframe space)). If the S20 channel is in the Idle state, the STA can perform bonding between the P20 channel and the S20 channel. That is, the STAs can transmit signals (PPDUs) over 40 MHz channels including P20 and S20 channels (ie, 40 MHz bonded channels).

FIG. 20 shows an example of channel bonding. As shown in FIG. 20, a Primary 20 MHz channel and a Secondary 20 MHz channel can configure a 40 MHz channel (Primary 40 MHz channel) through channel bonding. That is, a bonded 40 MHz channel can include a Primary 20 MHz channel and a Secondary 20 MHz channel.

Channel bonding can be performed when a channel contiguous to the Primary channel is in the Idle state. That is, a Primary 20 MHz channel, a Secondary 20 MHz channel, a Secondary 40 MHz channel, and a Secondary 80 MHz channel can be sequentially bonded. If the secondary 20 MHz channel is determined to be in a busy state, channel bonding may not be performed even if all other secondary channels are in an idle state. Also, when it is determined that the secondary 20 MHz channel is in the idle state and the secondary 40 MHz channel is in the busy state, channel bonding may be performed only for the primary 20 MHz channel and the secondary 20 MHz channel.

In the following, STA-supported preamble puncturing is described herein.

For example, in the example of FIG. 20, if the Primary 20 MHz channel, Secondary 40 MHz channel, and Secondary 80 MHz channel are all in the idle state, and the Secondary 20 MHz channel is in the Busy state, it is impossible to bond the Secondary 40 MHz channel and the Secondary 80 MHz channel. In this case, the STA constructs a 160 MHz PPDU and preambles transmitted over the Secondary 20 MHz channel (e.g., L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, U-SIG, HE-SIG-A, (HE-SIG-B, HE-STF, HE-LTF, EHT-SIG, EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, etc.) are punctured (preamble punctured) and the signal is transmitted through the channel in the idle state. can be done. In other words, the STA can perform preamble puncturing on some bands of the PPDU. Information about preamble puncturing (e.g., information about 20/40/80 MHz channels/bands to which puncturing is applied) is included in the Signal field of the PPDU (e.g., HE-SIG-A, U-SIG, EHT-SIG). can be

Hereinafter, technical features of multi-link (ML) supported by STA in the present specification will be described.

STAs herein (AP and/or non-AP STAs) can support multi-link (ML) communication. ML communication may refer to communication supporting multiple links. Links related to ML communication are channels of the 2.4 GHz band disclosed in FIG. 15, the 5 GHz band disclosed in FIG. 16, and the 6 GHz band disclosed in FIG. /320 MHz channels).

A plurality of links used for ML communication can be set in various ways. For example, multiple links supported by one STA for ML communication are multiple channels in the 2.4 GHz band, multiple channels in the 5 GHz band, and multiple channels in the 6 GHz band. Alternatively, multiple links supported by one STA for ML communication are at least one channel in 2.4 GHz band (or 5 GHz/6 GHz band) and 5 GHz band (or 2.4 GHz/ A combination of at least one channel in the 6 GHz band). Meanwhile, at least one of a plurality of links supported by one STA for ML communication is a channel to which preamble puncturing is applied.

The STA can perform ML setup to perform ML communication. ML setup can be performed based on management frames and control frames such as Beacon, Probe Request/Response, and Association Request/Response. For example, information about ML configuration can be included in the element field included in Beacon, Probe Request/Response, Association Request/Response.

When ML setup is completed, an enabled link for ML communication can be determined. The STA can perform frame exchange through at least one of the plurality of links determined as enabled links. For example, an enabled link can be used for at least one of a management frame, a control frame, and a data frame.

When one STA supports multiple Links, a transceiver supporting each Link can operate as one logical STA. For example, one STA supporting two links is one ML device (Multi Link Device; MLD) including a first STA for the first link and a second STA for the second link. can be expressed as For example, one AP supporting two links can be represented by one AP MLD including a first AP for the first link and a second AP for the second link. . Also, one non-AP supporting two links is represented by one non-AP MLD including a first STA for the first link and a second STA for the second link. can

In the following, more specific features regarding ML setup will be described.

An MLD (AP MLD and/or non-AP MLD) can transmit information about links that the corresponding MLD can support through ML setup. Information about links can be configured in various ways. For example, information about links includes: 1) information about whether MLD (or STA) supports simultaneous RX/TX operation, 2) information about number/upper limit of uplink/downlink links supported by MLD (or STA) 3) information on location/bandwidth/resources of uplink/downlink links supported by MLD (or STA); 4) at least one uplink/downlink link available or preferred frame type (management, control, data, etc.), 5) available or preferred ACK policy information on at least one uplink/downlink link, and 6) available or preferred TID (traffic identifier) on at least one uplink/downlink link. at least one of information about The TID relates to the priority of traffic data and is represented by eight values according to the conventional wireless LAN standard. That is, eight TID values corresponding to four access categories (AC) (AC_BK (background), AC_BE (best effort), AC_VI (video), AC_VO (voice)) according to the conventional wireless LAN standard are can be defined.

For example, it can be preset that all TIDs are mapped to uplink/downlink links. Specifically, if negotiation is not performed through ML setup, all TIDs are used for ML communication, and uplink/downlink links and TIDs are separated through additional ML setup. If the mapping between is negotiated, the negotiated TID can be used for ML communication.

A plurality of links that can be used by the transmitting MLD and the receiving MLD related to ML communication can be set up via ML setup, which can be called 'enabled links'. An "enabled link" can be called by various expressions. For example, it can be called by various expressions such as a first link, a second link, a transmission link, and a reception link.

After completing the ML setup, the MLD can update the ML setup. For example, the MLD can send information about new links when an update to the information about the links is needed. Information about the new link can be sent based on at least one of the management frame, control frame, and data frame.

Introduction of HARQ is considered in EHT (extreme high throughput), which is a standard under discussion after IEEE802.11ax. When HARQ is introduced, a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environment, that is, an environment in which a transmitting terminal and a receiving terminal are far from each other, can have an effect of expanding coverage, and a high SNR environment can achieve a higher throughput. (throughput) can be obtained.

The device described below is the device of FIG. 1 and/or FIG. 19, and the PPDU is the PPDU of FIG. A device is an AP or a non-AP STA. The devices described below are AP MLD (multi-link device) supporting multi-link or non-AP STA MLD.

EHT (extremely high throughput), which is a standard under discussion after 802.11ax, considers a multi-link environment in which one or more bands are used simultaneously. When a device becomes multilink or supports multilink, the device can use one or more bands (eg, 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, 6 GHz, 60 GHz, etc.) simultaneously or alternately.

Although described below in the form of multilink, the frequency band can be configured in various forms other than that. Although terms such as multilink and multilink may be used herein, some embodiments may be described based on multilink for convenience of explanation.

In the following specification, MLD means multi-link device. The MLD has one or more connected STAs and has one MAC SAP (service access point) connected to an upper link layer (Logical Link Control, LLC). MLD may refer to a physical device or it may refer to a logical device. Hereinafter, device may mean MLD.

In the following specification, transmitting device and receiving device may refer to MLD. A first link of a receiving/transmitting device is a terminal (eg, STA or AP) included in said receiving/transmitting device that performs signal transmission/reception over the first link. A secondary link of a receiving/transmitting device is a terminal (eg, STA or AP) included in said receiving/transmitting device that performs signal transmission/reception over the secondary link.

IEEE 802.11be can largely support two multilink operations. For example, simultaneous transmit and receive (STR) and non-STR operations can be considered. For example, STR can be referred to as asynchronous multi-link operation and non-STR can be referred to as synchronous multi-link operation. A multilink may include multiple bands. That is, multi-link may refer to links included in multiple frequency bands, or may refer to multiple links included in one frequency band.

EHT (11be) considers multi-link technology, where multi-link can include multi-band. That is, a multi-link can indicate links of many bands, and at the same time, can indicate many multi-links within one band. Broadly speaking, two multi-link operations are considered. Asynchronous operation that allows TX/RX simultaneously on multiple links and Synchronous operation that is not possible are considered. In the following, a capability that enables simultaneous reception and transmission on multiple links is called STR (simultaneous transmit and receive), and an STA with STR capability is called STR MLD (multi-link device), which does not have STR capability. STA is called non-STR MLD.

EHT, which is a standard under discussion after 802.11ax, considers a multi-band environment in which one or more bands are used simultaneously. When APs and STAs support multi-band or multi-link, APs and STAs can use one or more bands (e.g., 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, 6 GHz, 60 GHz, etc.) simultaneously or alternately. become. For example, multi-band/link transmission can be classified into two types as shown in FIG.

FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a multilink transmission method.

Referring to FIG. 21, STR transmission (eg, Asynchronous transmission) can be freely transmitted and received on each link. In the case of non-STR transmission (eg, synchronous transmission), if transmission is performed on one link, only transmission can be performed on the other link, but not reception.

In the existing single-band/link situation, an Ack frame is sent to the link to which the data is sent. Therefore, when transmission is performed on two or more bands or links, it can be assumed that the Ack frame for data on each link operates in a link-specific manner (that is, ACK is transmitted to the corresponding link on which the data is transmitted). However, in this case, the Ack frame may be lost due to a power imbalance problem or a collision problem between the AP and the STA. In particular, the link quality of a specific link may be less reliable than the link quality of other links depending on frequency characteristics, OBSS density, and the like. According to embodiments of the present specification, time resources can be used more efficiently through a reliable acknowledgment procedure that utilizes a multi-link environment.

On the other hand, the simultaneous transmission and reception (STR) capability may vary according to the characteristics of frequencies occupied by multiple links or the capabilities of terminals. More specifically, if the center frequencies of multiple links are close to each other or if one link transmits while another link is receiving due to design issues within each terminal, the frequencies/bands of the two links are different. Interference phenomenon can also occur. Therefore, even if the AP has STR capability, the channel access method should be designed considering the situation where the STA does not support STR.

On the other hand, as the 802.11 WLAN standard improves, the data rate also increases, and the length of PPDU also increases significantly. In particular, when large-sized PPDUs are transmitted in a dense environment with a large number of STAs, if RTS/CTS is not used, collisions can occur with a high probability, and the processing rate of the network as a whole can be greatly reduced. Therefore, the use of RTS/CTS may be required.

FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating an example of inter-link interference.

Referring to FIG. 22, conflicts may occur during channel access and data transmission/reception using RTS/CTS in two links (ie, Link A and Link B). When one link (eg, Link B) is not idle and AP MLD starts transmission on the other link (eg, Link A), the channel of the other link is idled and AP MLD is (MU-) RTS , the Non-AP MLD must respond with a CTS. This can induce inter-link interference on the link being received. That is, if a Non-AP MLD that does not support STR transmits a CTS frame on Link B while receiving DATA1 on Link A, collision between two links may occur.

In the following specification, a method for solving the inter-link interference problem that occurs in the non-STR STA as described above will be described.

In the following specification, an RTS frame is proposed as an example of a frame for channel occupation, but the RTS frame can be constructed in various other forms. That is, an RTS frame, an MU-RTS frame, etc. may be used herein, and some examples will be described based on the RTS frame for convenience of explanation.

Although described in the following specification in the form of multi-link, the frequency band can be configured in various forms other than that. That is, multi-band, multi-link, etc. may be used herein, and some examples will be described based on multi-link for convenience of explanation.

Although the number of links in the multi-link environment is described as two in the following specification, it can be applied to more links as well. For convenience of explanation, some examples will be explained based on a multi-link with two links.

In the following description, it is described that channel access is started first on link A, but the same applies to the case where channel access is started on link B first. Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, in some examples, the name of the link from which channel access is started first is named link A, and the name of the other link is named link B.

In the following specification, MLD means multi-link device. An MLD may include one or more connected STAs and may have one MAC SAP (service access point) leading to an upper link layer (Logical Link Control, LLC). MLD may refer to a physical device or it may refer to a logical device. In the following specification, if a particular MLD cannot simultaneously transmit and receive from two or more links at the same time, it is defined as non-STR, whereas two or more links at the same time If simultaneous transmission and reception from is possible, this is defined in STR. That is, if the STA on one side of the MLD is transmitting/receiving and another STA on the MLD can receive/transmit, the MLD is STR and the STA on the one side of the MLD is transmitting/receiving. An MLD is non-STR if other STAs in the MLD cannot receive/transmit while it is in the MLD. STR and non-STR capabilities can change dynamically, and STR capabilities can change depending on which link set is selected.

Although the following specification assumes that AP MLD is STR and non-AP MLD is non-STR, the opposite is the case, i.e., AP MLD is non-STR and non-AP MLD is The same can be applied to the case of STR, and the same can be applied to the case where both AP MLD and non-AP MLD are non-STR.

1. DL-DLMU case

FIG. 23 is a diagram showing an example of internal interference occurring in non-STR link sets.

Referring to FIG. 23, AP MLD can send data to Non-AP MLD. AP MLD can perform channel access only on link A because the link B channel is busy. If it is determined that the channel of link B is idle while data transmission is in progress on link A, AP MLD can attempt channel access on link B.

In the existing RTS/CTS procedure, the STA that receives the RTS must respond via the CTS frame when it is able to receive subsequent data. However, when the non-AP MLD, which is a non-STR, transmits a CTS frame, it induces an inter-link interference in link A, which may cause a collision with DATA1 that is already being received. .

FIG. 24 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the RTS/CTS transmission method.

FIG. 24 shows one method of solving the problem occurring in FIG. Referring to FIG. 24 , while AP MLD A is sending PPDU to STA MLD B and STA MLD C on link A, the channel of link B is idled and after channel access, AP MLD A sends MLD B and MLD. C, MLD may send MU-RTS to send PPDU to D; MLD B does not (intentionally) respond to CTS even if it receives RTS, because MLD B can induce interference in receiving link A by means of CTS response. That is, when MLD B receives RTS on Link B, it can also send CTS, but since DATA1 is being received on Link A, it does not send CTS based on this. For example, since MLD B is the recipient of the PPDU sent by AP MLD A that has obtained the TXOP on link A (that is, it is a TXOP responder), even if MLD B receives the RTS on link B, the CTS do not send That is, MLD B does not send CTS even if it receives RTS on link B based on being a TXOP responder on link A. For example, link A and link B of Non-AP MLD B are a non-STR link pair (pair), and an STA operating on link A, which is one of the non-STR link pairs, is a TXOP responder. Therefore, the STA operating on link B, which is the other link of the non-STR link pair, does not transmit CTS even if it receives RTS. MLD B did not send CTS, but can receive DATA2 on Link B. MLD B may send an ACK upon receiving DATA2.

Since MLD C is a STR-capable MLD, it can perform a CTS response. MLD D is a link set incapable of STR, but since it is not being received on another link, it is able to execute the CTS response without inducing interference when sending the CTS response.

FIG. 25 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the RTS/CTS transmission method.

FIG. 25 shows another method that can solve the problem occurring in FIG. Referring to FIG. 25 , while AP MLD A is sending PPDU to STA MLD B and STA MLD C on link A, the channel of link B is idled and after channel access, AP MLD A sends MLD B and MLD. C, MLD can send CTS-to-self to send PPDU to D; That is, AP MLD A can send CTS-to-self frames instead of RTS frames. In order not to transmit CTS frames that can induce interference, AP MLD can perform channel protection with CTS-to-self frames instead of RTS frames.

FIG. 26 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the RTS/CTS transmission method.

FIG. 26 shows one method of solving the problem occurring in FIG. Referring to FIG. 26 , while AP MLD A is transmitting PPDU to STA MLD B and STA MLD C on link A, the channel of link B is idle and after channel access, AP MLD A is MLD B and MLD. C, MLD may send MU-RTS to send PPDU to D; Since MLD B can cause interference in reception of link A by CTS response, AP MLD A does not send CTS response in MU-RTS transmitted by link B. Since MLD C is a STR-capable MLD, it can perform a CTS response. MLD D is a link set incapable of STR, but since it is not being received on another link, it is able to execute the CTS response without inducing interference when sending the CTS response.

An example of the MU-RTS frame format (ie, how to prevent MLD B from CTS response in MU-RTS sent by AP MLD A on link B) is described below. FIG. 27 shows the Trigger frame currently used in 802.11ax. It is possible to know the target STA for receiving the trigger frame through whether the AID 12 is matched.

27 to 29 are diagrams showing an example of the trigger frame format.

Exclude User Info field: For example, referring to FIG. 27, AP MLD A notifies MLD B of non-STR availability (via pre-capability information exchange, etc.) and that MLD B is receiving on link A. Therefore, the User Info field of MU-RTS transmitted by AP MLD A on link B does not include the field corresponding to MLD B as shown in FIG.

Additional indication: For example, referring to FIG. 28, AP MLD A can know the non-STR availability of MLD B and that MLD B is receiving on link A. A specific field (eg, Reserved field) of User Info field corresponding to MLD B of MU-RTS transmitted by AP MLD A on link B (eg, User info field related to AID12 of MLD B) indicates whether CTS response is possible. Relevant information (eg, CTS response indication) may be included.

Indication using RU Allocation field: For example, referring to FIG. 29, it can be seen that an MLD that does not transmit CTS (eg, MLD B) is not allocated an RU occupied by the next CTS in MU-RTS. . Therefore, the value defined as reserved ( For example, it can include information indicating not to allocate RUs for CTS (that is, information indicating not to transmit CTS) to another value other than the predefined value.

FIG. 30 is a diagram illustrating one embodiment of receive MLD operation.

Referring to FIG. 30, a receiving MLD includes first and second STAs (stations), the first STA can operate on a first link, and the second STA can operate on a second link. .

The receiving MLD may receive the second RTS frame on the first link (S3010).

The receiving MLD may transmit a CTS frame for the second RTS frame on the first link (S3020).

The receiving MLD may receive a first PPDU (physical protocol data unit) including first data on the first link (S3030).

The receiving MLD can receive a first request to send (RTS) frame on the second link while receiving the first PPDU on the first link (S3040). The receiving MLD may skip clear to send (CTS) frame transmission for the first RTS frame based on the first PPDU being received on the first link. For example, the receiving MLD receives the RTS on the second link because it is the recipient of the PPDU sent by the transmitting MLD that obtained the TXOP on the first link (i.e., it is the TXOP responder). Do not send CTS even if That is, the receiving MLD does not send CTS even if it receives RTS on the second link based on being a TXOP responder on the first link. For example, the first link and the second link of the Non-AP receiving MLD are a non-STR link pair (pair), and the STA operating on the first link, which is one of the non-STR link pairs, Being a TXOP responder, a STA operating on the second link, which is the other link of the non-STR link pair, does not send a CTS even if it receives an RTS.

The receiving MLD does not (intentionally) respond to the CTS even if it receives the RTS, because the CTS response can induce interference in the reception of the first PPDU on the first link. That is, the receiving MLD may also send CTS if it receives RTS on the second link, but does not send CTS based on the first PPDU being received on the first link. .

The receiving MLD can receive a second PPDU including second data on the second link (S3050). For example, the receiving MLD did not send a CTS, but may receive a second PPDU on the second link.

For example, the receive MLD is a non-simultaneous transmit and receive (STR) MLD that cannot be transmitted or received on the other link while receiving or transmitting on one of the first and second links. .

For example, the receiving MLD may transmit an ACK (acknowledgement) for the first PPDU on the first link and an ACK for the second PPDU on the second link.

For example, the first link and the second link are a non-simultaneous transmit and receive (STR) link set that cannot transmit or receive on another link when receiving or transmitting on one link. is.

For example, the receiving MLD may transmit information related to the STR (simultaneous transmit and receive) capabilities of the first link and the second link. Capability information transmission can be performed, for example, in an association step. That is, capability transmission can be performed before PPDU transmission.

FIG. 31 is a diagram illustrating one embodiment of transmit MLD operation.

Referring to FIG. 31, a transmitting MLD includes first and second STAs (stations), the first STA can operate on a first link, and the second STA can operate on a second link. .

The transmitting MLD may transmit a second RTS frame on the first link (S3110).

The transmitting MLD may receive the CTS frame for the second RTS frame on the first link (S3120).

The transmitting MLD may transmit a first physical protocol data unit (PPDU) including first data on the first link (S3130).

The transmitting MLD may transmit a frame to the first RTS (request to send) receiving MLD on the second link while transmitting the first PPDU on the first link (S3140). The receiving MLD may skip clear to send (CTS) frame transmission for the first RTS frame based on the first PPDU being received on the first link.

The receiving MLD does not (intentionally) respond to the CTS even if it receives the RTS, because the CTS response can induce interference in the reception of the first PPDU on the first link. That is, the receiving MLD may also send CTS if it receives RTS on the second link, but does not send CTS based on the first PPDU being received on the first link. . For example, the receiving MLD receives the RTS on the second link because it is the recipient of the PPDU sent by the transmitting MLD that obtained the TXOP on the first link (i.e., it is the TXOP responder). Do not send CTS even if That is, the receiving MLD does not send CTS even if it receives RTS on the second link based on being a TXOP responder on the first link. For example, the first link and the second link of the Non-AP receiving MLD are a non-STR link pair (pair), and the STA operating on the first link, which is one of the non-STR link pairs, Being a TXOP responder, the STA operating on the second link, which is the other link of the non-STR link pair, does not send a CTS even if it receives an RTS.

For example, the STA operating on the first link of the transmitting MLD is the TXOP holder, so the STA operating on the first link of the receiving MLD is the TXOP responder, so the transmitting MLD is the first link of the receiving MLD. A STA operating on one link may transmit a PPDU on the second link without receiving a CTS on the second link based on being a TXOP responder. That is, the transmitting MLD can transmit PPDUs on the second link without receiving a CTS on the second link based on the STA of the transmitting MLD operating on the first link being a TXOP holder. .

The transmitting MLD may transmit a second PPDU containing second data to the receiving MLD over the second link (S3150). For example, the transmitting MLD did not receive the CTS, but may transmit a second PPDU on the second link.

For example, the receive MLD is a non-simultaneous transmit and receive (STR) MLD that cannot be transmitted or received on the other link while receiving or transmitting on one of the first and second links. .

For example, the receiving MLD may transmit an ACK (acknowledgement) for the first PPDU on the first link and an ACK for the second PPDU on the second link.

For example, the first link and the second link are a non-simultaneous transmit and receive (STR) link set that cannot transmit or receive on another link when receiving or transmitting on one link. is.

For example, the receiving MLD may transmit information related to the STR (simultaneous transmit and receive) capabilities of the first link and the second link. Capability information transmission can be performed, for example, in an association step. That is, capability transmission can be performed before PPDU transmission.

Some of the detailed steps shown in the examples of FIGS. 30 and 31 are not essential steps and may be omitted. Other steps may be added other than those shown in FIGS. 30 and 31, and the order of the steps may be changed. Some of the steps may have their own technical meaning.

The technical features of the specification described above can be applied to various devices and methods. For example, the technical features of this specification described above can be performed/supported through the apparatus of FIG. 1 and/or FIG. For example, the technical features of the specification described above may be applied only to a part of FIG. 1 and/or FIG. For example, the technical features of the present specification described above can be implemented based on the processing chips 114 and 124 of FIG. It can be implemented based on processor 610 and memory 620 . For example, in the receiving MLD (multi-link device) apparatus of this specification, the receiving MLD includes a first STA (station) and a second STA, and the first STA is a first operating on a link, the second STA operating on the second link, the apparatus including a memory and a processor operably coupled to the memory, the processor comprising: 1 STA is a TXOP (transmission opportunity) responder, receives a first RTS (request to send) frame on the second link, and that the first STA is a TXOP responder CTS (clear to send) frame transmission for the first RTS frame is skipped based on the above, and PPDU (physical protocol data unit) is configured to be received on the second link. .

The technical features of the present specification can be implemented based on a CRM (computer readable medium). For example, the CRM proposed by this specification is based on the execution by at least one processor of a receiving MLD (multi-link device) of a wireless local area network (LAN) system. In at least one computer readable medium containing instructions), the receiving MLD includes first and second STAs (stations), wherein the first STA is a first link wherein said second STA operates on a second link, said receiving MLD includes first and second STAs (stations), said first STA operating on a first link; The second STA operates on a second link, the first STA is a TXOP (transmission opportunity) responder, and sends a first RTS (request to send) frame on the second link. skipping CTS (clear to send) frame transmission for the first RTS frame based on the first STA being a TXOP responder; and PPDU (physical protocol data) unit) on the second link.

Instructions stored in the CRM herein can be executed by at least one processor. At least one processor associated with the CRM herein is processor 111, 121 or processing chip 114, 124 of FIG. 1, or processor 610 of FIG. Meanwhile, the CRM herein is the memory 112, 122 of FIG. 1, the memory 620 of FIG. 19, or a separate external memory/storage medium/disk.

The technical features of this specification described above are applicable to various applications and business models. For example, the technical features described above may be applied for wireless communication in devices that support Artificial Intelligence (AI).

Artificial intelligence refers to the field of researching artificial intelligence or methodology that can create it, and machine learning (machine learning) defines and solves various problems handled in the field of artificial intelligence. means a field that studies the methodology of Machine learning is sometimes defined as an algorithm that improves performance for any task through continuous experience with that task.

Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is a model used in machine learning, and is composed of artificial neurons (nodes) that form a network with synaptic connections, meaning a general model with problem-solving ability. can do. An artificial neural network can be defined by a connection pattern between neurons in other layers, a learning process for updating model parameters, and an activation function for generating an output value.

The artificial neural network can include an input layer, an output layer, and optionally one or more hidden layers. Each layer contains one or more neurons, and the artificial neural network can contain synapses connecting neurons. Each neuron in the artificial neural network can output a functional value of an activation function for an input signal, a weighted value, and a deflection input via a synapse.

Model parameters are parameters determined through learning, and include weights of synaptic connections and neuron deflections. Hyperparameters are parameters that must be set before learning in a machine learning algorithm, and include learning rate, number of iterations, mini-batch size, initialization function, and the like.

The goal of training an artificial neural network can be viewed as determining the model parameters that minimize the loss function. A loss function can be used as an index for determining optimal model parameters in the learning process of an artificial neural network.

Machine learning can be classified into supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning according to learning methods.

Supervised learning refers to a method of learning an artificial neural network in a state where a label for learning data is given. It can mean the correct answer (or result value) to be issued. Unsupervised learning can refer to a method of training an artificial neural network without labels for training data. Reinforcement learning can refer to a learning method in which an agent defined within any environment learns to select an action or order of actions that maximizes cumulative compensation in each state.

Machine learning realized by a deep neural network (DNN) with multiple hidden layers in an artificial neural network is sometimes called deep learning (deep learning), and deep learning is machine learning. is part of In the following, machine learning is used to mean including deep learning.

Also, the technical features described above can be applied to wireless communication of robots.

A robot can mean a machine that automatically processes or operates a given job according to its own ability. In particular, a robot having the function of recognizing the environment and making decisions by itself can be called an intelligent robot.

Robots can be classified into industrial use, medical use, home use, military use, etc., according to the purpose and field of use. Robots may have drives comprising actuators or motors to perform various physical actions, such as moving robot joints. In addition, the movable robot includes wheels, brakes, propellers, etc. in the driving part, and can run on the ground or fly in the air through the driving part.

Also, the technical features described above can be applied to devices that support augmented reality.

Augmented reality is a general term for virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR). VR technology provides only CG images of objects and backgrounds in the real world, AR technology provides virtual CG images on images of real objects, and MR technology provides virtual objects in the real world. It is a computer graphic technology that mixes and combines to provide.

MR technology is similar to AR technology in that it shows both real and virtual objects. However, in AR technology, virtual objects are used to complement real objects, whereas in MR technology, virtual objects and real objects are used in the same manner.

XR technology can be applied to HMD (Head-Mount Display), HUD (Head-Up Display), mobile phones, tablet PCs, laptops, desktops, TVs, digital signage, etc. XR technology has been applied. The device can be referred to as an XR Device.

The claims and the like set forth in this specification can be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of this specification can be combined and implemented as an apparatus, and the technical features of the device claims of this specification can be combined and implemented as a method. In addition, the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification can be combined and realized as a device, and the technical features of the method claims and the device claims of this specification can be realized as a method in combination with the technical features of

Claims (16)

A method performed in a receiving MLD (multi-link device) of a wireless local area network (WLAN) system, comprising:
the receiving MLD includes first and second STAs (stations), the first STA operating on a first link and the second STA operating on a second link;
The first STA is a TXOP (transmission opportunity) responder,
receiving a first RTS (request to send) frame on the second link;
skipping clear to send (CTS) frame transmission for the first RTS frame based on the first STA being a TXOP responder; and
receiving a PPDU (physical protocol data unit) on the second link. The receiving MLD is a non-simultaneous transmit and receive (STR) MLD that cannot be transmitted or received on another link while receiving or transmitting on one of the first and second links. Item 1. The method according to item 1. Before receiving the first RTS frame on the second link,
receiving a second RTS frame on the first link; and
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising transmitting a CTS frame for said second RTS frame on said first link. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising transmitting an ACK (acknowledgement) for the PPDU on the second link. The first link and the second link are a non-simultaneous transmit and receive link set that cannot transmit or receive on another link while receiving or transmitting on one link. A method according to claim 1. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising transmitting information related to simultaneous transmit and receive (STR) capabilities of the first link and the second link. In a receiving MLD (multi-link device) used in a wireless LAN (Wireless Local Area Network) system,
a first STA (station), and
a second STA,
the first STA operating on a first link and the second STA operating on a second link;
The first STA is a TXOP (transmission opportunity) responder,
receiving a first RTS (request to send) frame on the second link;
Skip CTS (clear to send) frame transmission for the first RTS frame based on the first STA being a TXOP responder, and PPDU (physical protocol data unit) to the second Receive MLD, configured to receive on the link. The receiving MLD is a non-simultaneous transmit and receive (STR) MLD that cannot be transmitted or received on another link while receiving or transmitting on one of the first and second links. 8. Receiving MLD according to clause 7. Before receiving the first RTS frame on the second link,
8. The receiving MLD of claim 7, further configured to: receive a second RTS frame on the first link; and transmit a CTS frame for the second RTS frame on the first link. 8. The receiving MLD of claim 7, further configured to send an ACK (acknowledgement) for the PPDU on the second link. The first link and the second link are a non-simultaneous transmit and receive link set that cannot transmit or receive on another link while receiving or transmitting on one link. , a receiving MLD according to claim 7. 8. The receive MLD of claim 7, further comprising transmitting information related to simultaneous transmit and receive (STR) capabilities of the first link and the second link. In a method performed in a transmission MLD (multi-link device) of a wireless LAN (Wireless Local Area Network) system,
the transmitting MLD includes first and second STAs (stations), the first STA operating on a first link and the second STA operating on a second link;
The first STA is a TXOP (transmission opportunity) holder,
transmitting a request to send (RTS) frame on the second link;
transmitting a PPDU (physical protocol data unit) on the second link without receiving a CTS (clear to send) frame for the RTS frame based on the first STA being a TXOP holder. ,Method. In a transmission MLD (multi-link device) used in a wireless LAN (Wireless Local Area Network) system,
a first STA (station), and
a second STA,
The first STA is a TXOP (transmission opportunity) holder,
transmitting an RTS (request to send) frame on the second link;
The first STA is set to transmit a PPDU (physical protocol data unit) on the second link without receiving a CTS (clear to send) frame for the RTS frame based on the fact that the first STA is a TXOP holder. , send MLD. At least one computer-readable recording medium containing instructions to be executed by at least one processor of a receiving multi-link device (MLD) of a wireless local area network (LAN) system (computer readable medium)
the receiving MLD includes first and second STAs (stations), the first STA operating on a first link and the second STA operating on a second link;
The first STA is a TXOP (transmission opportunity) responder,
receiving a first RTS (request to send) frame on the second link;
skipping clear to send (CTS) frame transmission for the first RTS frame based on the first STA being a TXOP responder; and
receiving a PPDU (physical protocol data unit) on the second link. In a receiving MLD (multi-link device) device on a wireless LAN (Wireless Local Area Network) system,
The transmitting MLD includes a first STA (station) and a second STA, the first STA operating on a first link and the second STA operating on a second link. ,
The device comprises:
memory, and
a processor operably coupled to the memory, the processor comprising:
The first STA is a TXOP (transmission opportunity) responder,
receiving a first RTS (request to send) frame on the second link;
CTS (clear to send) frame transmission for the first RTS frame is skipped based on the first STA being a TXOP responder, and PPDU (physical protocol data unit) is transferred to the second A device that is configured to receive on a link.

Images