JP2023184263A - Finishing structure - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a finishing structure capable of suppressing cracks in a board material formed by stacking multiple sheets of board material.SOLUTION: The finishing structure includes: a plate-like base material 22 fixed to a support member (ceiling joist 18) that is fixed to the skeleton; a plate-shaped finishing material 24 fixed to the base material 22 with joints placed in different positions from the joints of the base material 22; and a strip member 26 bonded to the finishing material 24 while spanning the joints of the finishing material 24 for suppressing the opening of the joints of the finishing material 24.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

The present disclosure relates to finished structures.

Patent Document 1 listed below discloses a direct attachment structure in which an interior board is attached to a frame wall using an adhesive.

Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2001-27028

In the direct attachment structure of the reinforcing member disclosed in Patent Document 1, the interior board is directly attached to the frame wall. Here, some boards used as building materials expand and contract with changes in humidity. When interior boards expand and contract due to changes in humidity, the joints between interior boards may expand or contract. The frame wall is sufficiently rigid compared to the interior boards, so there is a low probability that it will crack due to the expansion of the joints.

On the other hand, wall and ceiling materials in buildings are sometimes double-laminated or more by stacking a board material as a base material and a board material as a finishing material. When multiple boards are arranged one on top of the other in this way, if the joints of one board expand or contract, a bending moment will occur in the other board at the joint, potentially causing the other board to crack. .

In consideration of the above-mentioned fact, the present invention aims to suppress cracking of plate materials in a finished structure formed by stacking a plurality of plate materials.

The finishing structure according to claim 1 includes: a plate-shaped base material fixed to a support member fixed to a building frame; and a plate fixed to the base material with joints arranged at positions different from joints of the base material. The present invention includes a finishing material having a shape of a shape, and a band-like member that is bonded to the finishing material while spanning the joints of the finishing material to suppress opening of the joints of the finishing material.

In a finished structure formed by a base material and a finishing material, if the joint positions of the base material and the finishing material are different, for example, when the base material and the finishing material expand or contract due to changes in humidity, the finishing material and the finishing material may , a tensile force acts on each other. At this time, a bending moment is generated at the joint part of the base material or the joint part of the finishing material, and the finishing material or the base material may crack.

For example, when the base material and the finishing material shrink due to drying, at the joint portion of the finishing material, the finishing material moves in the direction of separation while the base material shrinks. This creates a bending moment in the base material at the joints of the finishing material, which may cause the base material to crack.

Therefore, in the finishing structure of the first aspect, the band-like member is bonded to the finishing material in a state spanning the joints of the finishing material, thereby suppressing the opening of the joints of the finishing material. As a result, the bending moment generated in the base material is suppressed, and cracking of the base material is suppressed.

In the finishing structure according to a second aspect of the present invention, in the finishing structure according to the first aspect, the finishing material has a larger expansion/contraction rate due to changes in humidity than the base material.

In the finishing structure of claim 2, the finishing material has a larger expansion/contraction rate due to changes in humidity than the base material. That is, the finish material moves more than the base material due to changes in humidity. Therefore, in the absence of the strip member, the bending moment generated at the joint portion of the finishing material may be larger than that in the case where the base material and the finishing material have the same expansion/contraction rate.

However, since the bending moment can be suppressed by suppressing the opening of the joints in the finishing material using the band-shaped member, cracking of the base material or the finishing material can be effectively suppressed.

The finishing structure according to claim 3 is the finishing structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the thickness of the base material is t ₁ , the elastic modulus of the base material is E ₁ , the thickness of the strip member is t 2 , and the thickness of the base material is t ₁ . When the elastic modulus of the band-shaped member is _E2 , the following equation holds true.
0.5≦(e ₂ t ₂ E ₂ )/(e ₁ t ₁ E ₁ )

In the finished structure of claim 3, 0.5≦(e ₂ t ₂ E ₂ )/(e ₁ t ₁ E ₁ ). In other words, when viewed from the center line of the finishing material, the bending moment due to the axial force of the strip member (e ₂ t ₂ BE ₂ δ/L) is equal to the bending moment due to the axial force of the base material (e ₁ t ₁ BE ₁ δ/L) The relationship is 0.5≦(e ₂ t ₂ E ₂ )/(e ₁ t ₁ E ₁ ). In order to make the stress generated in the base material about half of the breaking stress, taking into consideration variations in physical properties of various materials, it is preferable that the rigidity balance of the base material and the strip member satisfy this relationship. This can prevent the base material from cracking. Note that B, δ, and L will be described later.

The finishing structure according to claim 4 is the finishing structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the adhesive for bonding the base material and the finishing material is the same as the adhesive for bonding the finishing material and the strip-shaped member. It is an adhesive.

In the finishing structure according to the fourth aspect, the adhesive for bonding the base material and the finishing material and the adhesive for bonding the finishing material and the strip member are the same adhesive. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the amount of expansion and contraction of the base material and the strip member from being affected by the difference in elasticity of the adhesive.

A finishing structure according to a fifth aspect of the invention is the finishing structure according to the first or second aspect, in which the base material and the finishing material form a ceiling surface.

In the finishing structure of claim 5, the base material and the finishing material form a ceiling surface. The ceiling surface tends to have a larger area than the wall surface. For this reason, the area of each face material tends to increase, and the amount of expansion and contraction due to water absorption and drying tends to increase. With this finished structure, even when the amount of expansion and contraction is large, it is possible to effectively suppress cracking of the inner board.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the finishing structure according to the first or second aspect, the adhesive width of the strip member to the finishing material is three times or more the thickness of the finishing material.

In the finishing structure according to claim 6, the adhesive width of the strip member to the finishing material is three times or more the thickness of the finishing material. This allows stress to be smoothly transmitted from the finishing material to the strip member.

According to the present invention, in a finished structure formed by stacking a plurality of plate materials, cracking of the plate materials can be suppressed.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a ceiling structure as an example of a finished structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a ceiling structure as an example of a finished structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing a finished structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. (A) is a cross-sectional view showing a state of the finished structure according to the embodiment of the present invention before deformation due to humidity, and (B) is a cross-sectional view showing the axial force that acts when the finished structure attempts to deform. (A) is a sectional view showing a state of a surface member according to a comparative example before deformation due to humidity, and (B) is a sectional view showing a state after deformation.

Hereinafter, a finished structure according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Components indicated using the same reference numerals in each drawing mean the same components. However, unless otherwise specified in the specification, each component is not limited to one, and a plurality of components may exist.

Furthermore, descriptions of overlapping structures and symbols in each drawing may be omitted. Note that the present disclosure is not limited to the following embodiments, and can be implemented with appropriate changes such as omitting the configuration or replacing it with a different configuration within the scope of the purpose of the present disclosure.

In each drawing, the directions indicated by arrows X and Y are along the horizontal plane and are orthogonal to each other. Further, the direction indicated by arrow Z is a direction along the vertical direction (up and down direction). It is assumed that the directions indicated by arrows X, Y, and Z in each figure coincide with each other.

<Ceiling structure>
FIG. 1 shows a ceiling structure as an example of a finished structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. This ceiling structure includes a support member 10 and a surface member 20.

(Support member)
The support member 10 is a hanging member fixed to a slab (not shown) as a frame, and includes a hanging bolt 12, a hanger 14, a field edge receiver 16, and a field edge 18.

The suspension bolt 12 is, for example, a fully threaded bolt whose upper end is screwed into an anchor nut embedded in the lower surface of the slab, and is arranged along the vertical direction. Further, the hanging bolts 12 are arranged at predetermined intervals in each of two directions (X direction and Y direction) that are orthogonal to each other.

The hanger 14 is a member fixed to the lower end of the hanging bolt using a nut. A field edge receiver 16 is bridged and fixed to a plurality of hangers 14 arranged along the Y direction.

The field edge receiver 16 is a long member arranged along the Y direction. Further, the field edge receivers 16 are arranged at predetermined intervals in the X direction (at intervals equal to the intervals between the hanging bolts 12).

The field edge 18 is a long member arranged along the X direction, and is fixed to the field edge receiver 16 using a clip (not shown). Further, the field edges 18 are arranged at predetermined intervals in the Y direction (an interval narrower than the distance between the field edge receivers 16 in the X direction).

(Face member)
The surface member 20 includes a base material 22, a finishing material 24, and a strip member 26, and forms the ceiling surface of the building.

As shown in FIG. 2, the base material 22 is a plate material placed below the field edge 18 and fixed to the field edge 18. The base material 22 is arranged so that its longitudinal direction is orthogonal to the direction in which the field edge 18 extends. That is, the longitudinal direction of the base material 22 is along the Y direction. A plurality of base materials 22 are arranged side by side in each of the X direction and the Y direction.

Further, the base material 22 is formed using gypsum board, and expands and contracts with changes in humidity. For example, when the environmental humidity increases and the water content increases, the base material 22 stretches in the in-plane direction. On the other hand, when the environmental humidity decreases and the water content decreases, the base material 22 shrinks in the in-plane direction.

The finishing material 24 is a plate material placed below the base material 22 and fixed to the base material 22 with an adhesive. The finishing material 24 is arranged so that its longitudinal direction is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the base material 22. That is, the longitudinal direction of the finishing material 24 is along the X direction. A plurality of finishing materials 24 are arranged side by side in each of the X direction and the Y direction.

Note that the longitudinal direction of the base material 22 may be the direction along the X direction, or the longitudinal direction of the finishing material 24 may be the direction along the Y direction. Further, in this example, the longitudinal direction of the base material 22 and the longitudinal direction of the finishing material 24 are different directions, but these directions may be aligned in either the X direction or the Y direction.

The finishing material 24 is formed using a calcium silicate plate, and expands and contracts with changes in humidity. For example, when the environmental humidity increases and the water content increases, the base material 22 stretches in the in-plane direction. On the other hand, when the environmental humidity decreases and the water content decreases, the base material 22 shrinks in the in-plane direction.

The expansion/contraction rate of the base material 22 and the finishing material 24 due to changes in humidity (the rate of expansion/contraction when the environmental humidity changes by 1%) is not particularly limited, but in this embodiment, the finishing material 24 is higher than the base material. The expansion/contraction rate is greater than that of No. 22.

The size of each finishing material 24 is equal to the size of each base material 22. However, at the end of the ceiling, for example, the base material 22 and the finishing material 24 are cut as appropriate according to the area and shape of the space under the ceiling, so the size is not constant.

Note that the size and shape of each piece of the finishing material 24 may be determined independently of the size and shape of the base material 22, taking into consideration the aesthetic appearance of the finishing material 24 when viewed visually. As an example, the finishing material 24 can be formed into a square shape with a desired size and arranged in a grid pattern. Further, as another example, the finishing material 24 can be formed in a rectangular shape and arranged so that the joints are in the shape of horse joints. Furthermore, the finishing material 24 may have a triangular shape, a hexagonal shape, or the like.

The strip-like member 26 is a tape or a plate-like member that is adhered to the finishing material 24 while spanning the joints of the finishing material 24, and suppresses the opening of the joints of the finishing material 24. As this tape or plate-like member, a thin plate of steel is used, for example. As shown in FIG. 4(A), the adhesive width W of the strip member 26 to the finishing material 24 is three times the thickness _t3 of the finishing material 24. The adhesive G that adheres the base material 22 and the finishing material 24 and the adhesive G that adheres the finishing material 24 and the strip member 26 are the same adhesive.

Note that the material forming the band member 26 is not particularly limited, and film-like polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, fluorine, FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastics), etc. can be used. In addition, ferrous metals such as steel formed into plate shapes, aluminum, aluminum alloys, copper, copper alloys, titanium, resins (polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate, polyether ether ketone, epoxy, phenol, acrylic etc.), ceramic, etc. can be used. The thickness of the strip member 26 may be appropriately determined depending on the elastic modulus of the selected material.

(Joint structure)
As described above, the longitudinal direction of the base material 22 is along the Y direction, while the longitudinal direction of the finishing material 24 is along the X direction. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, the joints of the base material 22 and the joints of the finishing material 24 are arranged at different positions. "Different positions" are different positions when viewed from a direction orthogonal to the in-plane direction of the base material 22 and the finishing material 24.

Moreover, strictly speaking, the joints "along the X direction" of the base material 22 and the joints "along the X direction" of the finishing material 24 are arranged at different positions. Further, the joints of the base material 22 "along the Y direction" and the joints "along the Y direction" of the finishing material 24 are arranged at different positions.

Note that depending on the size of the base material 22 and the finishing material 24, the joints "along the X direction" of the base material 22 and the joints "along the X direction" of the finishing material 24 may be partially arranged at the same position. In some cases, such a configuration may be included. The same applies to joints “along the Y direction”. Furthermore, the joints along the X direction and the joints along the Y direction may overlap each other.

Note that in FIG. 3, the thicknesses of the base material 22 and the finishing material 24 are exaggerated relative to the size of the edge 18 in order to make it easier to understand the joint structure. The same applies to the joint width.

Here, if the joint positions of the base material 22 and the finishing material 24 are different, when the base material 22 and the finishing material 24 expand or contract due to changes in humidity, tensile forces will act on the base material 22 and the finishing material 24. do. For example, as shown in FIG. 4A, when the base material 22 and the finishing material 24 dry due to a decrease in the ambient humidity and contract as shown by arrows N1 and N2, respectively, the joint portion of the finishing material 24 While the finishing materials 24 adjacent to each other tend to move away from each other, the base material 22 tends to shrink.

As a result, as shown in FIG. 4(B), an in-plane force F1 acts on the base material 22, and an in-plane force F2 acts on the strip member 26 pulled by the finishing material 24.

The in-plane force _F1 is an axial force that acts on the base material 22 at the joint portion of the finishing material 24, and acts in the direction in which the base material 22 shrinks. As shown in FIG. 4(A), this in-plane force F ₁ is defined by the thickness of the base material 22 as t ₁ , the elastic modulus of the base material 22 as E ₁ , the joint width of the finishing material 24 as L, and the joint width displacement as δ , when the dimension in the depth direction (X direction) of the joint of the finishing material 24 is B (not shown), it is expressed by the following equation (1).

F ₁ =E ₁ t ₁ B/Lδ (1)

On the other hand, the in-plane force F2 is an axial force that acts on the strip member 26 at the joint portion of the finishing material 24, and acts in the direction in which the strip member 26 extends. As shown in FIG. 4(A), this in-plane force F ₂ is determined by the thickness of the strip member 26 being t ₂ , the elastic modulus of the strip member 26 being E ₂ , the joint width of the finishing material 24 being L, and the joint width displacement being δ , when the dimension in the depth direction (X direction) of the joint of the finishing material 24 is B (not shown), it is expressed by the following equation (2).

F ₂ =E ₂ t ₂ B/Lδ (2)

Here, in order to reduce the generated stress of the base material 22, which is a gypsum board, to about half of the breaking stress, taking into account variations in the physical properties of various materials, the rigidity balance of the base material 22 and the strip member 26 must be in the following relationship. It is preferable to meet the requirements.

As an example, it is preferable that the bending moment due to the axial force of the strip member 26 is 0.5 times or more the bending moment due to the axial force of the base material 22 when viewed from the center line of the finishing material 24. That is, the distance from the center position in the thickness direction of the finishing material 24 to the center position in the thickness direction of the base material 22 is e ₁ , and the distance from the center position in the thickness direction of the finishing material 24 to the center position in the thickness direction of the strip member 26 is e 1 . Assuming that the distance to the position is e ₂ , the joint width of the finishing material 24 is L, the joint width displacement is δ, and the dimension of the joint of the finishing material 24 in the depth direction (X direction) is B (not shown), the following (3 ) formula holds true.

0.5 (e ₁ t ₁ BE ₁ δ/L)≦e ₂ t ₂ BE ₂ δ/L (3)
That is,
0.5≦(e ₂ t ₂ E ₂ )/(e ₁ t ₁ E ₁ )

Further, it is more preferable that the bending moment due to the axial force of the strip member 26 is equal to the bending moment due to the axial force of the base material 22, that is, when the following equation (4) holds true.

e ₁ t ₁ E ₁ = e ₂ t ₂ E ₂ (4)

<Action and effect>
Here, prior to explaining the function and effect of the finished structure of the present invention, a comparative example will be explained. FIGS. 5A and 5B show a surface member 200 according to a comparative example. A base material 220 and a finishing material 240 that constitute this surface member 200 are fixed with an adhesive 260. Further, the joint positions are different between the base material 220 and the finishing material 240.

If the joint positions of the base material 220 and the finish material 240 are different in this way, when the base material 220 and the finish material 240 expand or contract due to changes in humidity, tensile forces will act on the base material 220 and the finish material 240 relative to each other. do. At this time, a bending moment is generated at the joints of the base material 220 and the joints of the finishing material 240, and the base material 220 or the finishing material 240 may crack.

For example, when the base material 220 and the finishing material 240 dry due to a decrease in ambient humidity and contract as shown by arrows N1 and N2, respectively, at the joint portion of the finishing material 240, adjacent finishing materials 240 While moving in the direction of separation, the base material 220 may shrink. As a result, a bending moment M1 is generated in the base material 220 at the joint portion of the finishing material 240, and the base material 220 may crack.

On the other hand, in the finishing structure according to the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 4(A) and 4(B), a band-shaped member 26 is provided. The strip member 26 is bonded to the finishing material 24 in a state spanning the joints of the finishing material 24, thereby suppressing the opening of the joints of the finishing material 24. This suppresses cracking of the base material 22.

Further, in the finished structure according to the embodiment of the present invention, the expansion/contraction rate due to changes in humidity is greater in the finishing material 24 than in the base material 22. That is, the finishing material 24 tends to move more than the base material 22 due to changes in humidity. As a result, there is a possibility that the bending moment generated at the joint portion of the finishing material 24 becomes larger than that in the case where the base material 22 and the finishing material 24 have the same expansion/contraction ratio.

However, by providing the strip member 26 across the joints of the finishing material 24, the generation of this bending moment can be suppressed. Even if the base material 22 and the finishing material 24 have different expansion/contraction rates in this way, cracking of the base material 22 can be effectively suppressed.

Further, in the finished structure according to the embodiment of the present invention, the above formula (3) holds true. That is, when the base material 22 and the finishing material 24 are about to displace, the bending moment (e ₂ t ₂ BE ₂ δ/L) due to the axial force of the band-shaped member, when viewed from the center line of the finishing material 24, The bending moment (e ₁ t ₁ BE ₁ δ/L) due to the axial force is 0.5 times or more. Therefore, bending of the surface member 20 is suppressed. Thereby, cracking of the base material 22 can be suppressed.

If the above equation (4) holds, that is, the bending moment due to the axial force of the base material (e ₁ t ₁ BE ₁ δ/L) and the bending moment due to the axial force of the strip member (e ₂ t ₂ BE ₂ δ /L) are equal, it is possible to further suppress the base material 22 from cracking.

Further, in the finishing structure according to the embodiment of the present invention, the base material 22 and the finishing material 24 form a ceiling surface. The ceiling surface tends to have a larger area than the wall surface. For this reason, the area of each base material 22 and finishing material 24 tends to increase, and the amount of expansion and contraction due to water absorption and drying tends to increase. With this finishing structure, even when the amount of expansion and contraction is large in this way, cracking of the base material 22 or the finishing material 24 can be effectively suppressed.

Further, in the finishing structure according to the embodiment of the present invention, the adhesive width W of the strip member 26 to the finishing material 24 is three times the thickness _t3 of the finishing material 24. When the base material 22 and the finishing material 24 try to displace, stress is generated in the finishing material 24 in a range from the joint position to about three times the thickness _t3 of the finishing material 24. By adhering the strip member 26 in this range, stress is smoothly transmitted from the finishing material 24 to the strip member 26.

<Modified example>
In this embodiment, the base material 22 is a gypsum board, and the finishing material 24 is a calcium silicate board, and the expansion and contraction rates due to changes in humidity are different from each other, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this.

For example, both the base material 22 and the finishing material 24 may be made of gypsum board of the same thickness, and both may have the same expansion/contraction rate due to changes in humidity. Even if the surface member 20 is configured in this way, a bending moment acts on the base material 22, but by using the strip member 26, it is possible to obtain the effect of suppressing cracks in the base material 22. Further, as the base material 22 and the finishing material 24, wooden plywood, flexible board, etc. may be used.

Further, in this embodiment, the surface member 20 composed of the base material 22, the finishing material 24, and the strip member 26 forms the ceiling surface, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this. For example, this surface member 20 may be used to form a wall surface. At this time, the support member to which the surface member 20 is fixed is, for example, a square stud member fixed to a wall that is a building frame.

In addition, in this embodiment, the adhesive width W of the _strip member 26 shown in FIG. Not exclusively. From the viewpoint of transmitting stress between the finishing material 24 and the strip member 26, the bonding width W may be made larger than three times the thickness _t3 of the finishing material 24. However, it is preferable that this adhesive width W is not less than _three times the thickness t3 of the finishing material 24.

10 Supporting member 18 Norim (supporting member)
20 Surface member 22 Base material 24 Finishing material 26 Band-shaped member

Claims (6)

A plate-shaped base material fixed to a support member fixed to the building frame;
a plate-shaped finishing material fixed to the base material with joints arranged at positions different from the joints of the base material;
a band-shaped member that is adhered to the finishing material in a state spanning the joints of the finishing material and suppresses opening of the joints of the finishing material;
Finished structure with. The finishing structure according to claim 1, wherein the finishing material has a higher expansion and contraction rate due to humidity changes than the base material. The distance from the center position in the thickness direction of the finishing material to the center position in the thickness direction of the base material is _e1 , the thickness of the base material is _t1 , the elastic modulus of the base material is _E1 ,
When the distance from the center position in the thickness direction of the finishing material to the center position in the thickness direction of the strip member is _e2 , the thickness of the strip member is _t2 , and the elastic modulus of the strip member is _E2 ,
The finished structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the following formula holds true.
0.5≦(e ₂ t ₂ E ₂ )/(e ₁ t ₁ E ₁ ) The finishing structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the adhesive for bonding the base material and the finishing material and the adhesive for bonding the finishing material and the strip member are the same adhesive. The finishing structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the base material and the finishing material form a ceiling surface. The finishing structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the adhesive width of the strip member to the finishing material is three times or more the thickness of the finishing material.