JP2023178311A - Hydraulic composite material and method for producing hardened body - Google Patents
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 6
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021487 silica fume Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012615 aggregate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011400 blast furnace cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000876 geopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006072 paste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010399 physical interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
特許法第３０条第２項適用申請有り 公開日 令和１年８月１日 公開の経緯／内容 令和元年度土木学会全国大会ｉｎ四国 第７４回年次学術講演会 講演概要集を収録したＤＶＤを公益社団法人土木学会により発行、配布Application for application of
本発明は、水硬性複合材料、及びこれを用いた硬化体の製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a hydraulic composite material and a method for producing a cured body using the same.
近年、モルタルなどのセメント系材料を付加製造（３Ｄプリンティング）して構造物を形成する方法が提案されている（例えば特許文献１、２）。この方法はセメント系材料をポンプ等で圧送してノズルから押出し、未硬化状態の材料を積層した後に硬化させて造形する方法である。設計通りに造形するためには、未硬化状態の材料を積層したときに下層の形状が保持される形状保持性が求められる。 In recent years, methods have been proposed for forming structures by additive manufacturing (3D printing) of cement-based materials such as mortar (for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2). In this method, cement material is pumped using a pump or the like and extruded from a nozzle, and uncured materials are layered and then hardened to form a model. In order to model as designed, shape retention is required to maintain the shape of the underlying layer when uncured materials are laminated.
前記形状保持性は、セメント系材料のチキソトロピー性や急硬性を高めることによって向上できるが、高め過ぎると圧送時に流路が閉塞しやすい。
特許文献１では、形状保持性と圧送性を両立させるために、セメント材料に、非晶質アルミノケイ酸塩、水酸化カルシウム、増粘剤など化学反応に寄与する成分を用いてセメント系材料の物性をコントロールする方法が提案されている。
しかし、この方法は外気温や湿度などの外部環境の影響を受けやすいことが考えられ、現場で再現性が得られない可能性がある。
The shape retention can be improved by increasing the thixotropy and rapid hardening of the cement material, but if it is too high, the flow path is likely to be blocked during pressure feeding.
In Patent Document 1, in order to achieve both shape retention and pumpability, components that contribute to chemical reactions such as amorphous aluminosilicate, calcium hydroxide, and thickeners are used in the cement material to improve the physical properties of the cement material. A method to control this has been proposed.
However, this method is likely to be easily influenced by the external environment such as outside temperature and humidity, and may not be reproducible in the field.
本発明は前記事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、形状保持性と圧送性を両立でき、外部環境の影響を受け難い水硬性複合材料、及びこれを用いた硬化体の製造方法を提供する。 The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and provides a hydraulic composite material that is capable of achieving both shape retention and pumpability and is not easily affected by the external environment, and a method for producing a cured product using the same.
本発明は以下の態様を有する。
［１］ 水硬性マトリクス組成物と、直径１００μｍ以下かつ長さ０．１～３０ｍｍの短繊維とを含み、前記水硬性マトリクス組成物１００体積部に対して、前記短繊維の含有量が０．５体積部以上であり、ＪＩＳ Ｒ ５２０１（２０１５）「セメントの物理試験方法」で規定するフロー値が１２０～１６０ｍｍである、水硬性複合材料。
［２］ 前記［１］の水硬性複合材料をノズルから押出す工程と、水硬性複合材料を硬化させて硬化体を得る工程を有する、硬化体の製造方法。
The present invention has the following aspects.
[1] Contains a hydraulic matrix composition and short fibers having a diameter of 100 μm or less and a length of 0.1 to 30 mm, and the content of the short fibers is 0.1 to 100 parts by volume of the hydraulic matrix composition. A hydraulic composite material containing 5 parts by volume or more and having a flow value of 120 to 160 mm as specified in JIS R 5201 (2015) "Physical Test Methods for Cement."
[2] A method for producing a cured body, comprising the steps of extruding the hydraulic composite material of [1] above from a nozzle, and curing the hydraulic composite material to obtain a cured body.
本発明の水硬性複合材料は、形状保持性と圧送性を両立でき、外部環境の影響を受け難い。
本発明の硬化体の製造方法によれば、水硬性複合材料をノズルから押出す工程を有する製造方法で、所望の形状の硬化体を安定して製造できる。
The hydraulic composite material of the present invention can achieve both shape retention and pumpability, and is not easily affected by the external environment.
According to the method for producing a cured body of the present invention, a cured body having a desired shape can be stably produced using a production method that includes a step of extruding a hydraulic composite material from a nozzle.
＜水硬性複合材料＞
本実施形態の水硬性複合材料は、水硬性マトリクス組成物と短繊維を含む。
［水硬性マトリクス組成物］
水硬性マトリクス組成物（以下、単にマトリクス組成物ともいう。）としては、公知の水硬性材料を用いることができる。例えば、セメント含有組成物（例えば、セメントペースト、モルタル、コンクリート）、ジオポリマー組成物が挙げられる。
マトリクス組成物は水を含む。マトリクス組成物中の固形分（水分以外の成分）の組成は、硬化体の用途に応じて設計することが好ましい。
<Hydraulic composite material>
The hydraulic composite material of this embodiment includes a hydraulic matrix composition and short fibers.
[Hydraulic matrix composition]
As the hydraulic matrix composition (hereinafter also simply referred to as matrix composition), known hydraulic materials can be used. Examples include cement-containing compositions (eg, cement paste, mortar, concrete), geopolymer compositions.
The matrix composition includes water. The composition of the solid content (components other than water) in the matrix composition is preferably designed depending on the use of the cured product.
セメント含有組成物に用いるセメントとしては、白色ポルトランドセメント、普通ポルトランドセメント、早強ポルトランドセメント、中庸熱ポルトランドセメント、低熱ポルトランドセメント、シリカフューム含有セメント、高炉セメント、フライアッシュセメント、およびエコセメント等の公知のセメントを用いることができる。セメントは１種でもよく２種以上を併用してもよい。 Examples of the cement used in the cement-containing composition include known cements such as white Portland cement, ordinary Portland cement, early strength Portland cement, moderate heat Portland cement, low heat Portland cement, silica fume-containing cement, blast furnace cement, fly ash cement, and ecocement. Cement can be used. One type of cement may be used or two or more types may be used in combination.
［短繊維］
短繊維の材質は、化学的に合成された高分子からなる合成繊維、又は無機物からなる繊維が好ましい。前者としては、ポリプロピレン繊維、ポリビニルアルコール繊維、ポリエチレン繊維、ポリエステル繊維、アラミド繊維等が挙げられる。後者としては、ガラス繊維、鋼繊維、炭素繊維、岩石繊維（バサルトなど）、セラミック繊維、シリカ繊維等が挙げられる。
特に、ポリエチレン繊維、アラミド繊維、ポリプロピレン繊維、ポリビニルアルコール繊維、鋼繊維は、セメント系材料との親和性に優れる点で好ましい。
[Short fiber]
The material of the short fibers is preferably synthetic fibers made of chemically synthesized polymers or fibers made of inorganic substances. Examples of the former include polypropylene fibers, polyvinyl alcohol fibers, polyethylene fibers, polyester fibers, and aramid fibers. Examples of the latter include glass fiber, steel fiber, carbon fiber, rock fiber (such as basalt), ceramic fiber, and silica fiber.
In particular, polyethylene fibers, aramid fibers, polypropylene fibers, polyvinyl alcohol fibers, and steel fibers are preferable because they have excellent compatibility with cement-based materials.
短繊維の直径は１００μｍ以下であり、５０μｍ以下が好ましい。短繊維の直径が前記上限値以下であると、水硬性複合材料の形状保持性を高める効果に優れる。
本明細書において、繊維の直径（単位：μｍ）は、番手（単位：ｄｔｅｘ）及び密度（単位：ｇ／ｃｍ３）から下記式により算出した値である。
直径＝１１．３×（番手／密度）１／２
なお、繊維の番手は糸長１００００ｍの糸重量を意味し、１ｄｔｅｘは糸長１００００ｍの糸重量が１グラムであることを表す。
短繊維の直径の下限値は特に限定されない。入手しやすい点では１μｍ以上が好ましい。
短繊維の長さは０．１～３０ｍｍであり、５～２０ｍｍがより好ましい。前記範囲の下限値以上であると硬化後の水硬性複合材料の引張特性の向上が期待でき、上限値以下であると繊維混入後の水硬性複合材料を混練しやすい。
The diameter of the short fibers is 100 μm or less, preferably 50 μm or less. When the diameter of the short fibers is less than or equal to the above upper limit, the effect of improving the shape retention of the hydraulic composite material is excellent.
In this specification, the diameter (unit: μm) of a fiber is a value calculated from the count (unit: dtex) and density (unit: g/cm 3 ) using the following formula.
Diameter = 11.3 x (count/density) 1/2
Note that the fiber count means the yarn weight of a yarn length of 10,000 m, and 1 dtex represents that the yarn weight of a yarn length of 10,000 m is 1 gram.
The lower limit of the diameter of the short fibers is not particularly limited. The thickness is preferably 1 μm or more in terms of easy availability.
The length of the short fibers is 0.1 to 30 mm, more preferably 5 to 20 mm. When it is at least the lower limit of the above range, it can be expected that the tensile properties of the hydraulic composite material after curing can be improved, and when it is at most the upper limit, it is easy to knead the hydraulic composite material after fibers are mixed therein.
水硬性複合材料における短繊維の含有量は、マトリクス組成物１００体積部に対して短繊維が０．５体積部以上であり、１．０体積部以上が好ましい。前記下限値以上であると水硬性複合材料の形状保持性を高める効果に優れる。上限は、マトリクス組成物と混練しやすい点で、マトリクス組成物１００体積部に対して短繊維が３．０体積部以下であることが好ましい。
水硬性複合材料に含まれる短繊維は１種でもよく、直径、長さ又は材質の１以上が互いに異なる２種以上を併用してもよい。２種以上を併用する場合、短繊維の合計が前記含有量の範囲内であればよい。
The content of short fibers in the hydraulic composite material is 0.5 parts by volume or more, preferably 1.0 parts by volume or more, based on 100 parts by volume of the matrix composition. When it is more than the lower limit, the effect of improving the shape retention of the hydraulic composite material is excellent. The upper limit is preferably 3.0 parts by volume or less of the short fibers per 100 parts by volume of the matrix composition in terms of ease of kneading with the matrix composition.
The hydraulic composite material may contain only one type of short fiber, or may use a combination of two or more types that differ from each other in one or more of diameter, length, or material. When two or more types are used together, the total amount of short fibers may be within the above content range.
［フロー値］
本実施形態の水硬性複合材料は、ＪＩＳ Ｒ ５２０１（２０１５）「セメントの物理試験方法」で規定するフロー値が１２０～１６０ｍｍが好ましい。前記範囲の下限値以上であると圧送性に優れ、上限値以下であると形状保持性に優れる。
フロー値が前記範囲内となるように短繊維の含有量を設定することが好ましい。また短繊維の材質、直径、長さによってもフロー値を調整できる。例えば、短繊維の材質、直径及び長さが同じである場合、短繊維の含有量が多いほどフロー値は小さくなる傾向がある。
本発明におけるフロー値は、使用時におけるフロー値である。短繊維の含有量が前記範囲内であるときに、前記範囲のフロー値が得られるように、水硬性複合材料における水の含有量を調整することが好ましい。例えば構成材料の結合材の総質量に対して水の含有量は１５～５０質量％が好ましい。
例えば、水硬性複合材料の調製直後（練上がり直後）から３０分後におけるフロー値が１２０～１６０ｍｍの範囲内であることが好ましい。
[Flow value]
The hydraulic composite material of this embodiment preferably has a flow value of 120 to 160 mm as defined in JIS R 5201 (2015) "Physical Test Methods for Cement." If it is at least the lower limit of the above range, it will have excellent pumpability, and if it is not more than the upper limit, it will have excellent shape retention.
It is preferable to set the content of short fibers so that the flow value is within the above range. The flow value can also be adjusted by changing the material, diameter, and length of the short fibers. For example, when the short fibers have the same material, diameter, and length, the flow value tends to decrease as the short fiber content increases.
The flow value in the present invention is the flow value at the time of use. It is preferable to adjust the water content in the hydraulic composite material so that a flow value within the above range is obtained when the short fiber content is within the above range. For example, the water content is preferably 15 to 50% by mass based on the total mass of the binder of the constituent materials.
For example, it is preferable that the
［作用・機序］
本実施形態では、水硬性複合材料中に適量の短繊維を混在させることにより、形状保持性と圧送性を両立できる。その理由としては、短繊維が未硬化のマトリクス組成物を物理的につなぐ役目を果たすことにより、圧送性の低下を抑えつつ形状保持性を向上できると考えられる。
本実施形態では、短繊維とマトリクス組成物との物理的な相互作用により水硬性複合材料の物性をコントロールできるため、外気温や湿度などの外部環境の影響を受け難い。したがって、物性の安定性に優れ、現場で扱いやすい。
[Mechanism of action]
In this embodiment, by mixing an appropriate amount of short fibers in the hydraulic composite material, both shape retention and pumping properties can be achieved. The reason for this is thought to be that the short fibers serve to physically connect the uncured matrix composition, thereby improving shape retention while suppressing deterioration in pumpability.
In this embodiment, the physical properties of the hydraulic composite material can be controlled through physical interaction between the short fibers and the matrix composition, so that it is not easily influenced by the external environment such as outside temperature and humidity. Therefore, it has excellent stability in physical properties and is easy to handle on site.
前述したように、従来のセメント系材料ではセメント、水及び骨材以外に、非晶質アルミノケイ酸塩、水酸化カルシウム、増粘剤などの化学反応に寄与する添加剤を用いて材料の物性をコントロールしたが、本実施形態では、これらの成分を用いなくても、形状保持性と圧送性の両立を達成できる。
外部環境の影響を受け難い点で、化学反応に寄与する添加剤の含有量は少ない方が好ましい。特に、セメント材料の硬化反応を促進させる成分を含む添加剤は、可使時間が短くなり、材料のフレッシュ性状をコントロールすることが難しくなるため、使用しないほうが好ましい。
As mentioned above, in conventional cement-based materials, in addition to cement, water, and aggregate, additives that contribute to chemical reactions such as amorphous aluminosilicate, calcium hydroxide, and thickeners are used to improve the physical properties of the material. However, in this embodiment, both shape retention and pumpability can be achieved without using these components.
It is preferable that the content of additives that contribute to chemical reactions be small, since it is less susceptible to the influence of the external environment. In particular, it is preferable not to use additives containing components that accelerate the hardening reaction of cement materials, since they shorten the pot life and make it difficult to control the fresh properties of the materials.
本実施形態の水硬性複合材料は、形状保持性と圧送性を両立できる。したがって、水硬性複合材料をノズルから押出す工程を有する、硬化体の製造方法に好適である。例えば、水硬性複合材料を押出成形してパネル等の硬化体を製造する方法、又は付加製造（３Ｄプリンティング）方法など、型枠を用いずに造形する方法に好適である。
なかでも、ノズルから押出された水硬性複合材料の形状保持性に優れ、未硬化の水硬性複合材料を積層しても下層がつぶれ難いため、特に付加製造方法に好適である。
The hydraulic composite material of this embodiment can achieve both shape retention and pumpability. Therefore, it is suitable for a method for producing a cured body that includes a step of extruding a hydraulic composite material from a nozzle. For example, it is suitable for a method of manufacturing a cured body such as a panel by extrusion molding a hydraulic composite material, or a method of modeling without using a mold, such as an additive manufacturing (3D printing) method.
Among these, the hydraulic composite material extruded from the nozzle has excellent shape retention, and the lower layer is difficult to collapse even when uncured hydraulic composite materials are laminated, so it is particularly suitable for additive manufacturing methods.
＜硬化体の製造方法＞
本実施形態の硬化体の製造方法は、上記実施形態の水硬性複合材料をノズルから押出す工程（押出工程）と、水硬性複合材料を硬化させて硬化体を得る工程を有する。
押出工程は公知の押出成形装置、又は付加製造装置（３Ｄプリンタ）を用いて実施できる。
<Method for producing cured body>
The method for producing a cured body of this embodiment includes a step of extruding the hydraulic composite material of the above embodiment from a nozzle (extrusion step), and a step of curing the hydraulic composite material to obtain a cured body.
The extrusion process can be performed using a known extrusion molding device or additive manufacturing device (3D printer).
図１、２は本実施形態の製造方法の例として、付加製造装置を用いる方法を説明するための概略図である。
予め、マトリクス組成物と短繊維を混練した水硬性複合材料を調製し、ノズル１０を備えた付加製造装置に供給する。押出工程では、図１、２に示すように、ノズル１０を矢印方向に移動させながら、水硬性複合材料２０を所定の位置に押出す。この操作を繰り返して、水硬性複合材料２０からなる第一層２１、第二層２２、第三層２３…を順に積層して所望の形状の積層体３０を得る。
各層の厚さは特に限定されないが、良好な積層性が得られやすい点で１～３０ｍｍが好ましい。
この後、積層体３０を公知の方法で養生し、水硬性複合材料２０を硬化させる。硬化する過程で、隣接する水硬性複合材料２０からなる層（第一層２１、第二層２２、第三層２３…）どうしが接合されて一体化し、目的の形状の硬化体が得られる。
FIGS. 1 and 2 are schematic diagrams for explaining a method using an additive manufacturing apparatus as an example of the manufacturing method of this embodiment.
A hydraulic composite material is prepared in advance by kneading a matrix composition and short fibers, and is supplied to an additive manufacturing device equipped with a
Although the thickness of each layer is not particularly limited, it is preferably 1 to 30 mm since good lamination properties can be easily obtained.
Thereafter, the laminate 30 is cured by a known method to harden the hydraulic
本実施形態の製造方法によれば、水硬性複合材料の形状保持性が良好であるため、水硬性複合材料からなる未硬化層を積層した状態で、各層の形状が変形し難い。したがって、積層体を所望の形状に造形しやすく、硬化体の精度や美観を向上できる。
また水硬性複合材料は圧送性も良好であるため、押出工程を効率よく行うことができ、外部環境の影響を受け難いため、現場での再現性にも優れる。
According to the manufacturing method of this embodiment, since the shape retention of the hydraulic composite material is good, the shape of each layer is difficult to deform in a state in which uncured layers made of the hydraulic composite material are laminated. Therefore, the laminate can be easily shaped into a desired shape, and the precision and aesthetic appearance of the cured product can be improved.
In addition, hydraulic composite materials have good pumpability, so the extrusion process can be carried out efficiently, and because they are less susceptible to the influence of the external environment, they have excellent on-site reproducibility.
以下に実施例を用いて本発明をさらに詳しく説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例に限定されるものではない。
測定方法又は評価方法は以下の方法を用いた。
The present invention will be explained in more detail below using Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples.
The following method was used for measurement or evaluation.
［フロー値の測定方法］
ＪＩＳ Ｒ ５２０１（２０１５）「セメントの物理試験方法」で規定されたフロー試験にしたがって、以下の方法でフロー値を測定した。
フローテーブル上の中央に正しく置いたフローコーンに、水硬性複合材料を詰め、直ちにフローコーンを上方に垂直に取り去り、１５秒間に１５回の落下運動を与え、水硬性複合材料が広がった後の径を最大と認める方向と、これに直角な方向とで１ｍｍ単位まで測定し、その平均値をフロー値（単位：ｍｍ）とした。
[How to measure flow value]
The flow value was measured by the following method according to the flow test specified in JIS R 5201 (2015) "Physical test method for cement".
A flow cone placed correctly in the center on the flow table is filled with hydraulic composite material, and the flow cone is immediately removed vertically upwards to give 15 falling motions in 15 seconds to spread the hydraulic composite material. The diameter was measured to the nearest 1 mm in the maximum direction and in the direction perpendicular to this direction, and the average value was taken as the flow value (unit: mm).
［圧送性の評価方法］
排出口の形状が略矩形（縦１．５ｃｍ、横３ｃｍ）であるノズルを備えた押出機を用い、ポンプで一定の押出速度で水硬性複合材料を帯状に連続押出した。図１、２に示すように、ノズルを一定速度（３０ｍｍ／秒）で移動させながら連続押出した。このとき、押し出した材料の連続性が保たれなくなり、不連続になった時点、あるいは連続計測したポンプ圧力がその平均値より２０％以上低下した時点の層数を算出し、連続押出ができる層数と定義した。この層数が多いほど圧送性に優れる。下記の基準で圧送性を評価した。
○：連続押出ができる層数が１０層以上。
×：連続押出ができる層数が１０層未満。
[Evaluation method of pumpability]
Using an extruder equipped with a nozzle with an approximately rectangular outlet (1.5 cm long and 3 cm wide), the hydraulic composite material was continuously extruded into a strip at a constant extrusion speed using a pump. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, continuous extrusion was performed while moving the nozzle at a constant speed (30 mm/sec). At this time, calculate the number of layers at the time when the continuity of the extruded material is no longer maintained and becomes discontinuous, or at the time when the continuously measured pump pressure drops by 20% or more from the average value, and calculate the number of layers that can be continuously extruded. defined as a number. The larger the number of layers, the better the pumping performance. Pumpability was evaluated based on the following criteria.
○: The number of layers that can be continuously extruded is 10 or more.
×: The number of layers that can be continuously extruded is less than 10.
［形状保持性の評価方法］
前記圧送性の評価方法と同じ方法で第１４層まで積層した直後に、長さ方向（ノズルの移動方向）の中央における、第１層の下端から第７層の天端（上端）までの高さを測定した。この高さが大きいほど形状保持性に優れる。下記の基準で形状保持性を評価した。
○：高さが６０ｍｍ以上。
×：高さが６０ｍｍ未満。
[Evaluation method of shape retention]
Immediately after laminating up to the 14th layer using the same method as the evaluation method for pumpability, the height from the bottom end of the first layer to the top end (top end) of the seventh layer at the center in the length direction (nozzle movement direction) is measured. We measured the The larger the height, the better the shape retention. Shape retention was evaluated using the following criteria.
○: Height is 60 mm or more.
×: Height is less than 60 mm.
以下の材料を使用した。
［使用材料］
セメント：普通ポルトランドセメント（比重３．１６）
シリカフューム：比重２．２０
フライアッシュ：比重２．３０
石灰石微粉末：比表面積３３００ｃｍ２／ｇ（比重２．７１）
珪砂：粒径０．０５～０．８５ｍｍ（比重２．６０）
減水剤：高性能減水剤
繊維（Ｂ）：直径１２μｍ、長さ（カタログ値（標準長））６ｍｍのポリエチレン繊維（比重０．９７）
The following materials were used.
[Materials used]
Cement: Ordinary Portland cement (specific gravity 3.16)
Silica fume: specific gravity 2.20
Fly ash: specific gravity 2.30
Limestone fine powder: specific surface area 3300cm 2 /g (specific gravity 2.71)
Silica sand: particle size 0.05-0.85mm (specific gravity 2.60)
Water reducing agent: High performance water reducing agent Fiber (B): Polyethylene fiber with diameter 12 μm and length (catalog value (standard length)) 6 mm (specific gravity 0.97)
［例１～５］
本例ではマトリクス組成物（Ａ）として表１に示す配合のモルタルを用いた。
表１に示す材料（結合材、細骨材、水及び混和剤）と、繊維（Ｂ）を、ホバートミキサを用いて混練して水硬性複合材料を調製した。
マトリクス組成物（Ａ）の１００体積部に対する繊維（Ｂ）の添加量を表２に示す。例１では繊維（Ｂ）を添加せず、マトリクス組成物（Ａ）を水硬性複合材料とした。例２～５では、上述したフロー試験における落下運動を与える前のフロー値が例１と同程度になるように、減水剤の添加量を調整した。
水硬性複合材料の調製直後（練上がり直後）から３０分後のフロー値を上記の方法で測定した。上述の落下運動を与えた後のフロー値を表２に示す（以下、同様）。
得られた水硬性複合材料の圧送性及び形状保持性を上記の方法で評価した。結果を表２に示す（以下、同様）。
[Examples 1 to 5]
In this example, mortar having the composition shown in Table 1 was used as the matrix composition (A).
A hydraulic composite material was prepared by kneading the materials shown in Table 1 (binder, fine aggregate, water, and admixture) and fiber (B) using a Hobart mixer.
Table 2 shows the amount of fiber (B) added to 100 parts by volume of matrix composition (A). In Example 1, the fiber (B) was not added and the matrix composition (A) was used as a hydraulic composite material. In Examples 2 to 5, the amount of water reducing agent added was adjusted so that the flow value before applying the falling motion in the flow test described above was approximately the same as in Example 1.
The
The pumpability and shape retention of the obtained hydraulic composite material were evaluated by the above method. The results are shown in Table 2 (the same applies hereinafter).
表２の結果に示されるように、短繊維を０．５体積部以上含み、かつフロー値が１２０～１６０ｍｍである例２～４の水硬性複合材料は、圧送性と形状保持性を両立できた。 As shown in the results in Table 2, the hydraulic composite materials of Examples 2 to 4, which contain 0.5 parts by volume or more of short fibers and have a flow value of 120 to 160 mm, can achieve both pumpability and shape retention. Ta.
１０ ノズル
２０ 水硬性複合材料
２１ 第一層
２２ 第二層
２３ 第三層
３０ 積層体
10
Claims (2)
前記水硬性マトリクス組成物１００体積部に対して、前記短繊維の含有量が０．５体積部以上であり、
ＪＩＳ Ｒ ５２０１（２０１５）「セメントの物理試験方法」で規定するフロー値が１２０～１６０ｍｍである、水硬性複合材料。 comprising a hydraulic matrix composition and short fibers with a diameter of 100 μm or less and a length of 0.1 to 30 mm,
The content of the short fibers is 0.5 parts by volume or more with respect to 100 parts by volume of the hydraulic matrix composition,
A hydraulic composite material with a flow value of 120 to 160 mm as specified in JIS R 5201 (2015) "Physical Test Methods for Cement."
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