JP2023151580A - Steel frame, civil engineering structure, and method of constructing civil engineering structure - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a steel frame capable of miniaturization while making it strong enough to withstand earth pressure.SOLUTION: A steel frame (10) that is formed into a three-dimensional frame and filled with filling material (40) includes an anchor part (8) partially buried in the ground (G). The anchor part (8) includes: a buried part (82) that is buried in the ground (G); a component member (13) of the steel frame (10); and a connection part (81) that connects the buried part (82).SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 9

Description

Application for application of Article 30, Paragraph 2 of the Patent Act (1) JFE Kenzai Co., Ltd. customer visit sales records December 10, 2021, December 13, 2021 (2) JFE Kenzai Co., Ltd. mailing list Email to registrants December 13, 2021 (3) Posted on JFE Kenzai Co., Ltd. website January 7, 2020 https://www. jfe-kenzai. co. jp/newsrelease/pdf/210107. pdf

The present invention relates to a steel frame, a civil engineering structure, and a method of constructing a civil engineering structure.

BACKGROUND ART Civil engineering structures installed on slopes, such as dams, earth retaining walls, and retaining walls, are conventionally known. Civil engineering structures consist of a steel frame made up of steel columns, beams, and connecting materials, with facing materials on some surfaces, and a filling material filled inside the steel frame. It is equipped with. Adjacent steel frames are connected to each other vertically and horizontally (for example, see Patent Document 1). That is, a civil engineering structure is constructed by connecting the required number of steel frames depending on the size of the dam, earth retaining, etc., and filling the inside of the steel frame with filler material such as gravel.

Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2008-184873

By the way, when the earth pressure in the construction area is large, it is necessary to increase the size of the steel frame, increase the amount of filling material, and enlarge the cross section of the civil engineering structure in order to have the strength to withstand the earth pressure. be.
However, in order to increase the cross-section of a civil engineering structure, the amount of steel and filler materials used to construct the steel frame must be increased, making the construction more extensive. There has been a desire for civil engineering structures that can be made smaller.

Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a technology that can achieve downsizing while providing strength that can withstand earth pressure.

One aspect of the present invention is a steel frame formed into a three-dimensional frame shape and filled with a filler material, and is characterized in that it includes an anchor portion that is partially buried in the ground.

Moreover, it is preferable that the anchor part includes a buried part buried in the ground, and a connecting part that connects a component of the steel frame and the buried part.

Further, it is preferable that the buried portion is provided at a position lower than a connection position between the structural member of the steel frame and the connection portion.

Further, it is preferable that the buried portion is provided at a position deeper than the slip surface of the ground.

Further, it is preferable that the buried portion is formed to extend in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which earth pressure acts.

Moreover, it is preferable that the said connection part is equipped with the attachment part attached to the structural member of the said steel frame, and the connection part which connects the said attachment part and the said buried part.

Further, it is preferable that the device includes a front portion located on the downstream side in the direction in which earth pressure acts, and that the attachment portion is attached to the front portion.

Further, it is preferable that the attachment portion is formed to extend in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which earth pressure acts.

Moreover, it is preferable that a plurality of the connecting parts are provided, and each connecting part is provided along the direction in which earth pressure acts.

One aspect of the present invention is a civil engineering structure that includes a plurality of steel frames formed into a three-dimensional frame shape and filled with filling material, and a filling material filled inside each steel frame. The anchor is connected to the structural members of the steel frame and includes an anchor part that is partially buried in the ground.

Further, it is preferable that the anchor portion is provided on at least a portion of the steel frame disposed at the lowest stage.

One aspect of the present invention is a method for constructing the above-mentioned civil engineering structure, which includes a step of installing the steel frame, and a step of connecting the anchor portion to a component of the installed steel frame. , comprising the steps of burying a part of the anchor part in the ground, and filling the inside of the steel frame with the filling material.

According to one aspect of the present invention, it is possible to achieve downsizing while providing strength that can withstand earth pressure.

FIG. 2 is a front view of a dam constructed of civil engineering structures. It is a perspective view showing an example of the steel frame of the lowest stage. It is a front view of a civil engineering structure constituted by a plurality of steel frames. FIG. 2 is a right side view of a civil engineering structure composed of a plurality of steel frames and reinforcing frames. FIG. 2 is a plan view of a civil engineering structure composed of a plurality of steel frames. FIG. 2 is a bottom view of a civil engineering structure composed of a plurality of steel frames. It is an enlarged view of the right side part of the steel frame of the lowest stage. It is an enlarged view of the right side part of the steel frame of the uppermost stage. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 3 when installed on the ground. 10 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of the anchor portion in FIG. 9. FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 3. FIG. It is a figure explaining the method of constructing a civil engineering structure. It is a figure explaining the method of constructing a civil engineering structure. It is a figure explaining the method of constructing a civil engineering structure. It is a figure explaining the method of constructing a civil engineering structure. It is a figure showing other examples of a civil engineering structure. It is a figure showing other examples of a civil engineering structure.

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the civil engineering structure 100 is installed, for example, on the ground G of a slope, and is used as a dam, retaining wall, retaining wall, or the like.
For convenience of explanation, when the civil engineering structure 100 is installed, the vertical direction of the civil engineering structure 100 is referred to as the "height direction H", the left and right direction is referred to as the "width direction W", and the direction of river flow and earth and sand outflow direction. The direction along which the civil engineering structure 100 extends is defined as a "depth direction D." The height direction H, width direction W, and depth direction D are orthogonal to each other.

<Composition of civil engineering structure>
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the civil engineering structure 100 includes a steel frame 10, a reinforcing frame 20, an embedding frame 30, and a filling material 40. The civil engineering structure 100 has excellent flexibility and water permeability, and can shorten the construction period and be constructed all year round. The civil engineering structure 100 is constructed by stacking and connecting a plurality of steel frames 10 in a height direction H to a predetermined height, and also connecting each other in a width direction W and a depth direction D. . The civil engineering structure 100 has a shape corresponding to the slope of the ground G when installed as a dam or retaining wall. For example, the civil engineering structure 100 is configured to have an inverted trapezoid shape, expanding in the width direction W from the bottom to the top along the height direction H. That is, in the civil engineering structure 100, the number of steel frames 10 connected in the width direction W differs depending on each stage.

Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the civil engineering structure 100 has four steel frames 10 stacked in the height direction H. The three lower steel frames 10 are formed into a trapezoidal or substantially trapezoidal shape when viewed from the side, and the uppermost steel frame 10 is formed into a rectangular or approximately rectangular shape when viewed from the side.
In the installed state of the civil engineering structure 100, the downstream surface of the lower three-stage steel frame 10 is inclined downstream from the upper side toward the lower side. The upstream surface of the lower three-stage steel frame 10 extends vertically or approximately vertically in the height direction H. Thereby, the dimension of the civil engineering structure 100 in the depth direction D becomes smaller from the lower side toward the upper side along the height direction H.

The uppermost steel frame 10 is connected to the upper side of the third steel frame 10. The upstream side surface and the downstream side surface of the uppermost steel frame 10 extend vertically or approximately vertically in the height direction H. The dimension in the depth direction D of the steel frame 10 at the uppermost stage is the same as the dimension in the depth direction D of the top surface of the steel frame 10 at the third stage. The uppermost steel frame 10 is provided at a predetermined interval in the width direction W at the center so that a water passage portion 101 is formed.

The reinforcing frame 20 is formed into a rectangular or substantially rectangular shape when viewed from the side, and is connected to the upstream rear surface of the lower two-stage steel frame 10. The reinforcing frame 20 is connected to the steel frame 10 along the width direction W.
The embedding frame 30 is connected to both ends in the width direction W of the steel frame 10 in each stage. The planting frame 30 is formed in a triangular or substantially triangular shape when viewed from the front. The embedding frame 30 is formed along the slope in accordance with the shape of the ground G in the civil engineering structure 100. In the installed state, the civil engineering structure 100 is backfilled into the ground G at the embedding frame 30 at both ends in the width direction W, some steel frames 10 near the embedding frame 30, and the bottom side of the river. There is.

(steel frame)
The steel frame 10 is a hexahedral frame formed by connecting steel members to each other. The steel frame 10 includes a front part 1, a rear part 2, a left side part 3, a right side part 4, a top part 5, and a bottom part 6. Note that the steel frame 10 will be explained by taking as an example a steel frame installed at the lowest stage of the civil engineering structure 100.
The front part 1 is provided facing the downstream side of the river, the downstream side in the outflow direction of earth and sand, and is formed in a rectangular or square shape when viewed from the front. The front part 1 is provided so as to face the rear part 2 in the depth direction D.
The front part 1 includes two pillar members 11, two beam members 12, and a face member 13.

The pillar material 11 is formed from, for example, H-beam steel. The two pillar members 11 are provided parallel to each other in the width direction W at a predetermined interval (approximately the same length as the length of the beam member 12). The pillar material 11 is provided so that the flange surface of the H-beam steel faces the depth direction D. The pillar material 11 is provided so that its longitudinal direction is inclined with respect to the height direction H. Specifically, the pillar material 11 is provided so as to be inclined upstream toward its upper end.
The beam material 12 is formed of, for example, H-beam steel or channel steel. The two beam members 12 are provided parallel to each other at a predetermined interval (approximately the same length as the length of the column member 11) in the height direction H.

As shown in FIGS. 2, 4, and 7, of the two beam members 12, the lower beam member 12a is formed from channel steel having a U-shaped or approximately U-shaped cross-sectional shape intersecting in the longitudinal direction. There is. The lower beam member 12a is arranged such that its widthwise (shorter side) end portion faces upward. The lower beam member 12a connects the two pillar members 11 to each other in the width direction W at their lower ends. Specifically, the lower beam 12a is inserted between the flanges of the H-shaped steel forming the column 11, and the flange of the beam 12a and the flange of the column 11 are connected to each other by bolts and nuts. connected by. That is, the pillar material 11 and the beam material 12a are pin-joined. At this time, the lower beam 12a is connected to the column 11 so as not to protrude downward from the lower end of the column 11.
On the other hand, the upper beam member 12b is formed from H-beam steel. The upper beam member 12b is provided such that the flange surface of the H-shaped steel faces the depth direction D. The upper beam member 12b also serves as a lower beam member for the second stage steel frame 10 stacked on the first stage steel frame 10. The upper beam member 12b connects the two pillar members 11 to each other in the width direction W at its upper end. Specifically, the upper beam 12b is inserted between the flanges of the H-shaped steel forming the column 11, and the flange of the beam 12b and the flange of the column 11 are connected to each other by bolts and nuts. connected. That is, the pillar material 11 and the beam material 12b are joined by pins. At this time, the upper beam 12b is connected to the column 11 so as not to protrude upward from the upper end of the column 11.

The face material 13 prevents the filling material 40 filled into the steel frame 10 from flowing out from the steel frame 10. The face material 13 is formed of, for example, channel steel whose cross-sectional shape intersecting the longitudinal direction is U-shaped or approximately U-shaped. One end of the panel 13 is connected to the lower beam 12a, and the other end is connected to the upper beam 12b. Specifically, the panel 13 is inserted between the flanges of the lower beam 12a and between the flanges of the upper beam 12b, so that the panel 13 and the lower beam 12a are mutually connected. They are connected by bolts and nuts, and the face member 13 and the upper beam member 12b are connected to each other by bolts and nuts.
A plurality of face plates 13 are provided at predetermined intervals in the width direction W, and an end portion of each plate plate 13 is connected to the beam member 12.
Note that the pillar material 11, the beam material 12, and the face material 13 are connected by bolts and nuts, but are not particularly limited, and may be connected by pins. At this time, the face material 13 is connected to the beam members 12a and 12b such that it does not protrude downward from the lower end of the pillar material 11 and does not protrude upward from the upper end of the pillar material 11.
Furthermore, since the steel frame 10 in FIG. 2 is described as a steel frame installed at the lowest stage of the civil engineering structure 100, the pillars 11 are provided at an angle with respect to the height direction H. However, in the steel frame 10 at the top of the civil engineering structure 100, the pillars 11 are provided along the height direction H, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 8.
Further, in the steel frame 10 installed at the top of the civil engineering structure 100, the upper beam member 12b is formed from channel steel having a U-shaped or approximately U-shaped cross-sectional shape crossing the longitudinal direction. .

The rear surface portion 2 is provided facing the upstream side of the river, the upstream side in the outflow direction of earth and sand, and is formed in a rectangular or square shape when viewed from the front. The rear surface section 2 is provided so as to face the front surface section 1 in the depth direction D.
The rear section 2 includes two pillar members 21 and two beam members 22.

The pillar material 21 is formed of, for example, H-beam steel. The two pillars 21 are provided parallel to each other in the width direction W at a predetermined interval (approximately the same length as the length of the beam 22). The pillar material 21 is provided so that the flange surface of the H-beam steel faces the depth direction D. The pillar material 21 is provided with its longitudinal direction along the height direction H.
The beam material 22 is formed of, for example, H-beam steel or channel steel. The two beam members 22 are provided parallel to each other in the height direction H at a predetermined interval (approximately the same length as the length of the pillar member 21).

Among the two beam members 22, the lower beam member 22a is formed from channel steel having a U-shaped or approximately U-shaped cross-sectional shape when intersecting in the longitudinal direction. The lower beam member 22a is arranged such that its widthwise (shorter side) end portion faces upward. The lower beam member 22a connects the two pillar members 21 to each other in the width direction W at their lower ends. Specifically, the lower beam 22a is inserted between the flanges of the H-shaped steel forming the column 21, and the flange of the beam 22a and the flange of the column 21 are connected to each other by bolts and nuts. connected by. That is, the pillar material 21 and the beam material 22a are pin-joined. At this time, the lower beam 22a is connected to the column 21 so as not to protrude downward from the lower end of the column 21.
On the other hand, the upper beam member 22b is made of H-beam steel. The upper beam member 22b is provided such that the flange surface of the H-shaped steel faces the depth direction D. The upper beam 22b also serves as a lower beam of the second steel frame 10 stacked on the first steel frame 10. The upper beam member 22b connects the two pillar members 21 to each other in the width direction W at its upper end. Specifically, the upper beam 22b is inserted between the flanges of the H-shaped steel forming the column 21, and the flange of the beam 22b and the flange of the column 21 are connected to each other by bolts and nuts. connected. That is, the pillar material 21 and the beam material 22b are pin-joined. At this time, the upper beam 22b is connected to the column 21 so as not to protrude upward from the upper end of the column 21.
In addition, in the steel frame 10 installed at the top of the civil engineering structure 100, the upper beam member 22b is formed from channel steel having a U-shaped or approximately U-shaped cross-sectional shape crossing the longitudinal direction. .
Further, in a steel frame 10 to which a reinforcing frame 20 (described later) is not connected, it is preferable to provide a face material on the rear face part 2 similarly to the front face part 1. Moreover, although the pillar material 21 and the beam material 22 are connected by bolts and nuts, they are not particularly limited, and may be connected by pins.

The left side surface portion 3 is a surface portion on the left side when the steel frame 10 is viewed from the downstream side. The left side portion 3 is formed into a trapezoidal shape when viewed from the front. The left side part 3 includes a pillar 11 of the front part 1, a pillar 21 of the rear part 2, two connecting members 31, and a brace member 32. Since the pillar material 11 and the pillar material 21 are as described above, their explanation will be omitted.

Among the two connecting members 31, the lower connecting member 31a is formed from two angle irons having an L-shape or approximately L-shape in cross-sectional shape in the longitudinal direction. The lower connecting members 31a are provided so that one surface thereof is aligned with the other, and the other surfaces thereof extend in opposite directions along the depth direction D. The lower connecting member 31a connects the two pillar members 11 and 21 to each other in the depth direction D at their lower ends. Specifically, the lower connecting member 31a has one longitudinal end connected to a joint plate 31c attached to the flange of the column 11 by welding or the like with bolts and nuts, and the other longitudinal end to the column 11. It is connected by bolts and nuts to a joint plate 31d attached to the flange of the material 21 by welding or the like. That is, the pillar members 11 and 21 and the connecting member 31a are pin-joined. Here, the lower connecting member 31a is made by sandwiching the joint plates 31c and 31d between two angle irons and connecting them with bolts and nuts. Further, the lower connecting member 31a and the joint plates 31c, 31d are connected to the pillars 11, 21 so as not to protrude downward from the lower ends of the pillars 11, 21. Preferably, each member is arranged and connected so that the lower ends of the pillars 11 and 21, the lower ends of the lower connecting member 31a, and the lower ends of the joint plates 31c and 31d are provided on the same plane.
On the other hand, the upper connecting member 31b is formed from two angle irons having an L-shape or approximately L-shape in cross-sectional shape intersecting in the longitudinal direction. The upper connecting member 31b is provided so that one plane faces the height direction H. The upper connecting member 31b connects the two pillar members 11 and 21 to each other in the depth direction D at their upper ends. Specifically, the upper connecting member 31b has one longitudinal end connected to a joint plate 31e attached to the flange of the column 11 by welding or the like with bolts and nuts, and the other longitudinal end to the column 11. It is connected by bolts and nuts to a joint plate 31f (hidden in FIG. 2, see FIG. 10) attached to the flange of 21 by welding or the like. That is, the pillar members 11 and 21 and the connecting member 31b are pin-joined. Note that the upper connecting member 31b and the joint plates 31e, 31f are connected to the pillars 11, 21 so as not to protrude upward from the upper ends of the pillars 11, 21. Preferably, each member is arranged and connected so that the upper ends of the pillars 11 and 21, the upper ends of the upper connecting members 31b, and the upper ends of the joint plates 31e and 31f are provided on the same plane.

The brace material 32 is for reinforcing the steel frame 10 to maintain its shape, and is made of, for example, an angle steel having an L-shape or approximately L-shape in cross-sectional shape intersecting the longitudinal direction. The brace member 32 has one longitudinal end connected to the joint plate 31d with a bolt and a nut, and the other longitudinal end connected to the joint plate 31e with a bolt and nut. That is, the brace member 32 is provided in an oblique direction, and the pillar members 11 and 21 and the brace member 32 are pin-joined.
Note that the connecting material 31 and the brace material 32 are connected by bolts and nuts, but are not particularly limited, and may be connected by pins. Further, the brace material 32 may be provided on all steel frames that constitute the civil engineering structure 100, or may be provided only on some steel frames on which relatively large earth pressure acts. .
Moreover, in the steel frame 10 installed at the end in the width direction W of the civil engineering structure 100, it is preferable to provide a face material on the left side surface part 3 similarly to the front part 1.

In the left side portion 3, the angle between the column 11 and the lower connecting member 31a is an acute angle, and the angle between the column 11 and the upper connecting member 31b is an obtuse angle. Further, the angle between the pillar material 21 and the lower connecting material 31a is a right angle or approximately a right angle, and the angle between the pillar material 21 and the upper connecting material 31b is a right angle or approximately a right angle.

The right side surface portion 4 is a surface portion on the right side when the steel frame 10 is viewed from the downstream side. The right side portion 4 is formed into a trapezoidal shape when viewed from the front. The right side section 4 includes a pillar material 11 of the front surface section 1, a pillar material 21 of the rear surface section 2, two connecting materials 41, and a brace material 42. Since the pillar material 11 and the pillar material 21 are as described above, their explanation will be omitted.

Among the two connecting members 41, the lower connecting member 41a is formed from two angle irons having an L-shape or approximately L-shape in cross-sectional shape in the longitudinal direction. The lower connecting members 41a are provided so that one surface thereof is aligned with the other, and the other surface thereof extends along the depth direction D in opposite directions. The lower connecting member 41a connects the two pillar members 11 and 21 to each other in the depth direction D at their lower ends. Specifically, the lower connecting member 41a has one longitudinal end connected to a joint plate 41c attached to the flange of the column 11 by welding or the like with bolts and nuts, and the other longitudinal end to the column 11. It is connected by bolts and nuts to a joint plate 41d attached to the flange of the material 21 by welding or the like. That is, the pillar members 11 and 21 and the connecting member 41a are pin-jointed. Here, the lower connecting member 41a is made by sandwiching the joint plates 41c and 41d between two angle irons and connecting them with bolts and nuts. Further, the lower connecting member 41a and the joint plates 41c, 41d are connected to the pillars 11, 21 so as not to protrude downward from the lower ends of the pillars 11, 21. Preferably, each member is arranged and connected so that the lower ends of the pillars 11 and 21, the lower ends of the lower connecting member 41a, and the lower ends of the joint plates 41c and 41d are provided on the same plane.
On the other hand, the upper connecting member 41b is formed from two angle irons having an L-shape or approximately L-shape in cross-sectional shape intersecting in the longitudinal direction. The upper connecting member 41b is provided so that one plane faces the height direction H. The upper connecting member 41b connects the two pillar members 11 and 21 to each other in the depth direction D at their upper ends. Specifically, the upper connecting member 41b has one longitudinal end connected to a joint plate 41e attached to the flange of the column 11 by welding or the like with bolts and nuts, and the other longitudinal end to the column 11. It is connected by bolts and nuts to a joint plate 41f (hidden in FIG. 2, see FIG. 4) attached to the flange of 21 by welding or the like. That is, the pillar members 11 and 21 and the connecting member 41b are pin-joined. Note that the upper connecting member 41b and the joint plates 41e, 41f are connected to the pillars 11, 21 so as not to protrude upward from the upper ends of the pillars 11, 21. Preferably, each member is arranged and connected so that the upper ends of the pillars 11 and 21, the upper ends of the upper connecting members 41b, and the upper ends of the joint plates 41e and 41f are provided on the same plane.

The brace material 42 is for reinforcing the steel frame 10 to maintain its shape, and is made of, for example, angle iron having an L-shape or approximately L-shape in cross-sectional shape intersecting the longitudinal direction. The brace member 42 has one longitudinal end connected to the joint plate 41d with a bolt and a nut, and the other longitudinal end connected to the joint plate 41e with a bolt and nut. That is, the brace member 42 is provided in an oblique direction, and the pillar members 11 and 21 and the brace member 42 are pin-joined.
Note that the connecting member 41 and the brace member 42 are connected by bolts and nuts, but are not particularly limited, and may be connected by a pin. Further, the brace material 42 may be provided on all steel frames that constitute the civil engineering structure 100, or may be provided only on some steel frames on which relatively large earth pressure acts. .
Further, in the steel frame 10 installed at the end in the width direction W of the civil engineering structure 100, it is preferable to provide a face material on the right side portion 4 similarly to the front portion 1.

In the right side portion 4, the angle between the column 11 and the lower connecting member 41a is an acute angle, and the angle between the column 11 and the upper connecting member 41b is an obtuse angle. Further, the angle between the pillar material 21 and the lower connecting material 41a is a right angle or approximately a right angle, and the angle formed between the pillar material 21 and the upper connecting material 41b is a right angle or approximately a right angle.

The top surface portion 5 forms the upper surface of the steel frame 10 and is formed into a rectangular shape in plan view. The top portion 5 includes a beam member 12b, a beam member 22b, a connecting member 31b, and a connecting member 41b. Here, the beam member 12b also serves as the front part 1, the beam member 22b serves as the rear part 2, the connecting member 31b also serves as the left side part 3, and the connecting member 41b also serves as the right side part 4. . The beam members 12b, beam members 22b, connecting members 31b, and connecting members 41b are as described above, and therefore their explanations will be omitted.
In addition to the beam 12b, the beam 22b, the connecting member 31b, and the connecting member 41b, the top surface portion 5 includes a connecting member 51b that connects the longitudinal center portion of the beam member 12b and the longitudinal center portion of the beam member 22b. ing.
The connecting member 51b, like the connecting members 31b and 41b, is formed from two angle irons having an L-shape or approximately L-shape in cross-sectional shape in the longitudinal direction. The connecting member 51b is provided so that one plane faces the height direction H. The connecting member 51b connects the two beam members 12b and 22b to each other in the depth direction D using bolts and nuts.
Note that the beam members 12b, beam members 22b, connecting members 31b, connecting members 41b, and connecting members 51b are connected by bolts and nuts, but are not particularly limited, and may be connected by pins.
Furthermore, since the steel frame 10 in FIG. 2 is described as a steel frame installed at the lowest stage of the civil engineering structure 100, it has a configuration in which no face material is provided on the top surface portion 5; In the uppermost steel frame 10 of the structure 100, it is preferable to provide a face material 53 on the top surface portion 5, as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 5, the top portion 5 includes a plurality of face members 53 for preventing the filling material 40 from flowing out from the steel frame 10. The face material 53 is provided at a predetermined interval in the width direction W between the beam material 12b and the beam material 22b.
The face material 53 is formed of, for example, a flat steel whose cross-sectional shape intersecting the longitudinal direction is rectangular or approximately rectangular. One end of the face material 53 is connected to the beam material 12b, and the other end is connected to the beam material 22b. Specifically, the face material 53 is bridged over and connected to the flange of the H-shaped steel that constitutes the beam 12b and the flange of the H-shaped steel that constitutes the beam 22b.

The bottom surface portion 6 forms the lower surface of the steel frame 10 and is formed into a rectangular shape in plan view. The bottom portion 6 includes a beam 12a, a beam 22a, a connecting member 31a, and a connecting member 41a. Here, the beam material 12a also serves as the front surface section 1, the beam material 22a serves as the rear surface section 2, the connecting material 31a also serves as the left side surface section 3, and the connecting material 41a also serves as the right side surface section 4. . The beam members 12a, the beam members 22a, the connecting members 31a, and the connecting members 41a are as described above, and therefore their explanations will be omitted.
In addition to the beam 12a, the beam 22a, the connecting member 31a, and the connecting member 41a, the bottom portion 6 includes a connecting member 51a that connects the longitudinal center portion of the beam 12a and the longitudinal center portion of the beam 22a. ing.
The connecting member 51a, like the connecting members 31a and 41a, is formed from two angle irons having an L-shape or approximately L-shape in cross-sectional shape in the longitudinal direction. The connecting member 51a is provided so that one plane faces the height direction H. The connecting member 51a connects the two beam members 12a and 22a to each other in the depth direction D using bolts and nuts.
The bottom part 6 includes a plurality of face members 63 for preventing the filling material 40 from flowing out from the steel frame 10. The face material 63 is provided at a predetermined interval in the width direction W between the beam material 12a and the beam material 22a.
The face material 63 is formed of, for example, a flat steel whose cross-sectional shape intersecting the longitudinal direction is rectangular or approximately rectangular. One end of the face material 63 is connected to the beam material 12a, and the other end is connected to the beam material 22a. Specifically, the face material 63 is bridged over the flange of the H-shaped steel that constitutes the beam material 12a and the flange of the H-shaped steel that constitutes the beam material 22a, and is connected to each other.
Note that the beam members 12a, the beam members 22a, the connecting members 31a, the connecting members 41a, and the face members 63 are connected by bolts and nuts, but are not particularly limited, and may be connected by pins.
In addition, since the steel frame 10 in FIG. 2 is described as a steel frame installed at the lowest stage of the civil engineering structure 100, as also shown in FIG. However, in the steel frame 10 other than the lowest stage of the civil engineering structure 100, the face material 63 may or may not be provided on the bottom portion 6.

(Reinforcement frame)
The reinforcing frame 20 is provided upstream of the first and second steel frames 10 from the bottom in the height direction H. That is, the reinforcing frame 20 is connected to the rear surface part 2. The reinforcing frame 20 includes two pillar members 71, two beam members 72, a plurality of connecting members 73, a face member 74, and a face member 75.
The pillar material 71 is formed from, for example, H-beam steel. The two pillar members 71 are provided parallel to each other in the width direction W at a predetermined interval (approximately the same length as the length of the beam member 72). The pillar material 71 is provided so that the flange surface of the H-beam steel faces the depth direction D. The column member 71 is provided with its longitudinal direction along the height direction H.
The beam material 72 is formed of, for example, H-beam steel or channel steel. The two beam members 72 are provided parallel to each other at a predetermined interval (approximately the same length as the length of the column member 71) in the height direction H.

As shown in FIGS. 2, 4, and 7, of the two beam members 72, the lower beam member 72a is formed from channel steel having a U-shaped or approximately U-shaped cross-sectional shape intersecting in the longitudinal direction. There is. The lower beam member 72a is arranged so that its widthwise (shorter side) end portion faces upward. The lower beam member 72a connects the two pillar members 71 to each other in the width direction W at their lower ends. Specifically, the lower beam 72a is inserted between the flanges of the H-shaped steel forming the column 71, and the flange of the beam 72a and the flange of the column 71 are connected to each other by bolts and nuts. connected by. That is, the pillar material 71 and the beam material 72a are pin-joined. At this time, the lower beam 72a is connected to the column 71 so as not to protrude downward from the lower end of the column 71.
On the other hand, the upper beam member 72b is formed from H-beam steel. The upper beam member 72b is provided such that the flange surface of the H-shaped steel faces the depth direction D. The upper beam member 72b connects the two pillar members 71 to each other in the width direction W at its upper end. Specifically, the upper beam 72b is inserted between the flanges of the H-shaped steel forming the column 71, and the flange of the beam 72b and the flange of the column 71 are connected to each other by bolts and nuts. connected. That is, the pillar material 71 and the beam material 72b are pin-joined. At this time, the upper beam 72b is connected to the column 71 so as not to protrude upward from the upper end of the column 71.

The connecting material 73 includes a lower connecting material 73a that connects the lower end of the pillar 71 and the lower end of the pillar 21 of the rear surface part 2, and a lower end of the pillar 71 and the upper end of the pillar 21 of the rear surface 2. and an upper connecting member 73b that connects the parts.
The lower connecting member 73a is formed from two angle irons having an L-shape or approximately L-shape in cross-sectional shape when intersecting in the longitudinal direction. The lower connecting members 73a are provided so that one surface thereof is aligned with the other, and the other surface thereof extends in opposite directions. The lower connecting member 73a connects the two pillar members 21, 71 to each other in the depth direction D at their lower ends. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, one longitudinal end of the lower connecting member 73a is connected by bolts and nuts to a joint plate 73c attached to the flange of the column member 21 by welding or the like. The other end in the longitudinal direction is connected by bolts and nuts to a joint plate 73d attached to the flange of the column 71 by welding or the like. That is, the pillar members 21, 71 and the connecting member 73a are pin-jointed. Here, the lower connecting member 73a is made by sandwiching the joint plates 73c and 73d between two angle irons and connecting them with bolts and nuts. Further, the lower connecting member 73a and the joint plates 73c, 73d are connected to the pillar members 21, 71 so as not to protrude downward from the lower ends of the pillar members 21, 71. Preferably, each member is arranged and connected so that the lower ends of the pillars 21 and 71, the lower ends of the lower connecting member 73a, and the lower ends of the joint plates 73c and 73d are provided on the same plane. Furthermore, the lower ends of the pillars 21, 71, the lower ends of the lower connecting members 73a, and the lower ends of the joint plates 73c, 73d are the lower ends of the pillars 11, 21, the lower ends of the lower connecting members 31a, and the joint plates 31c, 31d. Each member is arranged and connected so as to be provided on the same plane as the lower end of.
On the other hand, the upper connecting member 73b is formed from two angle irons having an L-shape or approximately L-shape in cross-sectional shape intersecting in the longitudinal direction. The upper connecting member 73b is provided so that one plane faces the height direction H. The upper connecting member 73b connects the two pillar members 21, 71 to each other in the depth direction D at their upper ends. Specifically, the upper connecting member 73b has one longitudinal end connected to a joint plate 73e attached to the flange of the column 21 by welding or the like with bolts and nuts, and the other longitudinal end to the column 21. It is connected by bolts and nuts to a joint plate 73f attached to the flange of 71 by welding or the like. That is, the pillar members 21, 71 and the connecting member 73b are pin-joined. Note that the upper connecting member 73b and the joint plate are connected to the pillar members 21, 71 so as not to protrude upward from the upper ends of the pillar members 21, 71. Preferably, each member is arranged and connected so that the upper ends of the pillars 21 and 71, the upper ends of the upper connecting members 73b, and the upper ends of the joint plates are provided on the same plane. Further, the upper ends of the pillars 21 and 71, the upper ends of the upper connecting members 73b, and the upper ends of the joint plates are on the same plane as the upper ends of the pillars 11 and 21, the upper ends of the upper connecting members 31b, and the upper ends of the joint plates 31e and 31f. Each member is arranged and connected so as to be provided above.

The face material 74 prevents the filling material 40 filled into the steel frame 10 from flowing out from the reinforcing frame 20. The face material 74 is formed of, for example, channel steel having a U-shaped or approximately U-shaped cross-sectional shape intersecting the longitudinal direction. One end of the panel member 74 is connected to the lower beam member 72a, and the other end is connected to the upper beam member 72b. Specifically, the panel 74 is inserted between the flanges of the lower beam 72a and between the flanges of the upper beam 72b, so that the panel 74 and the lower beam 72a are aligned with each other. They are connected by bolts and nuts, and the face member 74 and the upper beam member 72b are connected to each other by bolts and nuts. A plurality of face members 74 are provided at predetermined intervals in the width direction W.
The face material 75 prevents the filling material 40 filled into the reinforcing frame 20 from flowing out from the reinforcing frame 20. The face material 75 is provided at a predetermined interval in the width direction W between the beam material 72a and the beam material 22a.
The face material 75 is formed of, for example, a flat steel whose cross-sectional shape intersecting the longitudinal direction is rectangular or approximately rectangular. One end of the face material 75 is connected to the beam material 22a, and the other end is connected to the beam material 72a. Specifically, the face material 75 is bridged over and connected to the flange of the H-shaped steel that constitutes the beam 22a and the flange of the H-shaped steel that constitutes the beam 72a.
Note that the pillar material 71, the beam material 72, the connecting material 73, the face material 74, and the face material 75 are connected by bolts and nuts, but are not particularly limited, and may be connected by pins. At this time, the face material 74 is connected to the beam members 72a and 72b so as not to protrude downward from the lower end of the pillar material 71 and not to protrude upward from the upper end of the pillar material 71. The face material 75 is connected to the beam material 72a and the beam material 22a so as not to protrude downward from the lower ends of the pillar materials 21, 71 and the beam material 22a and the beam material 72a.
Note that the reinforcing frame 20 is not necessarily a necessary configuration depending on the configuration, scale, and installation location of the civil engineering structure 100.

(rooting frame)
The embedding frame 30 is provided at each stage of the steel frame 10 in the civil engineering structure 100. Specifically, the planting frames 30 are provided at both ends of each stage in the width direction W. The embedding frame 30 is formed into a triangular shape in plan view, and is backfilled into the ground after installation.
Note that the embedding frame 30 is not necessarily a necessary configuration depending on the configuration, scale, and installation location of the civil engineering structure 100.

(filling material)
The filling material 40 is filled into the steel frame 10 and is made of crushed stone or gravel, for example. The civil engineering structure 100 can withstand earth pressure due to the strength of the filling material 40 filled in the steel frame 10.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 9 to 11, some of the steel frames 10 of the plurality of steel frames constituting the civil engineering structure 100 are provided with anchor portions 8. The anchor part 8 is connected to the structural members (columns, beams, etc.) of the steel frame 10, and by being partially buried in the ground G, it takes reaction force to the ground G and resists earth pressure. The durability of the civil engineering structure 100 can be improved. Therefore, under conditions where the same earth pressure acts, the civil engineering structure 100 provided with the anchor portions 8 can be more compact than the civil engineering structure 100 not provided with the anchor portions 8. Therefore, it is effective to provide the anchor portion 8 in the lowest steel frame 10 of the civil engineering structure 100, where the greatest earth pressure acts. Further, the anchor portions 8 do not need to be provided in all the steel frames 10, and may be provided in the steel frame 10 in an appropriate number depending on the scale of the civil engineering structure 100 and the assumed earth pressure. good. In this embodiment, an example will be described in which the anchor portion 8 is provided in the lowest steel frame 10 of the civil engineering structure 100.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 9 to 11, the anchor portions 8 are provided, for example, one each on the steel frame 10, and are located near the center of the steel frame 10 in the height direction, that is, on the face material 13. It is provided over all the face members 13 near the center in the longitudinal direction.
The anchor part 8 includes a connecting part 81 and a buried part 82.

The connecting portion 81 connects the structural members (columns, beams, etc.) of the steel frame 10 and the buried portion 82 . The connecting portion 81 includes a mounting portion 81a and a connecting portion 81b.
The attachment portion 81a is a portion that is attached to a component of the steel frame 10. The attachment portion 81a is formed from an angle steel having an L-shape or a substantially L-shape in cross-section in the longitudinal direction.
The attachment portion 81a is provided opposite to the face material 13 of the front face portion 1 and on the downstream side of the face material 13 in the direction in which earth pressure is applied. That is, as shown in FIGS. 9 to 11, the mounting portion 81a is provided outside (downstream side) of the front portion 1 rather than the face material 13.
The mounting portion 81a is provided near the center in the longitudinal direction of the panel 13 disposed along the vertical direction of the front surface portion 1, and is provided so as to extend in a direction perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the panel 13. ing. The attachment portion 81a is provided so as to cross all of the face material 13 provided on the front portion 1. That is, the attachment portion 81a is provided so as to extend in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which earth pressure acts.
The mounting portion 81a is arranged so that one surface abuts the face material 13 on the downstream side, and is connected to the steel frame 10 via the face material 13, which is one of the constituent members of the steel frame 10. ing. Here, the mounting portion 81a may be connected to the panel 13 with bolts and nuts, or may simply be locked to the panel 13.
The attachment portion 81a is connected to the connecting portion 81b, for example, near both ends in the longitudinal direction.

The connecting portion 81b connects the mounting portion 81a and the buried portion 82. The connecting portion 81b is formed from a round steel whose longitudinal cross-sectional shape is circular or approximately circular, or from a wire rope.
A plurality of (for example, two) connecting portions 81b are provided, one connecting the vicinity of one end of the attachment portion 81a and the vicinity of one end of the buried portion 82, and the other connecting portion 81b connecting the vicinity of the other end of the attachment portion 81a. The vicinity of the buried part 82 and the vicinity of the other end of the buried part 82 are connected. The two connecting portions 81b are formed to have the same length and are provided parallel or substantially parallel to each other. As a result, the mounting portion 81a and the buried portion 82 also become parallel or substantially parallel.
Note that the number of connecting portions 81b is not limited to two, and two or more may be provided depending on the length of the attachment portion 81a and the buried portion 82, and the magnitude of the assumed earth pressure. Moreover, in order to stabilize the anchor part 8, it is preferable that a plurality of connecting parts 81b are provided in parallel or substantially parallel to each other along the direction of action of earth pressure (flow direction of the river). That is, it is preferable that the longitudinal direction of the connecting portion 81b and the longitudinal direction of the mounting portion 81a and the buried portion 82 are perpendicular to each other.

The buried portion 82 is buried in the ground G and functions as an anchor that takes a reaction force when earth pressure acts on the civil engineering structure 100. The buried portion 82 is formed from an angle steel having an L-shape or a substantially L-shape in cross-section in the longitudinal direction.
The buried portion 82 is connected to the attachment portion 81a via the connecting portion 81b, and is provided in the ground G behind the rear surface portion 2 in the depth direction D. That is, the buried portion 82 is provided upstream of the mounting portion 81a in the direction in which earth pressure is applied. The buried portion 82 is provided at a position deeper than the slip surface S of the ground G.
The buried portion 82 is provided at a position facing the attachment portion 81a in the depth direction D. That is, the buried portion 82 is provided at approximately the same height as the attachment portion 81a in the height direction H, and is provided so as to extend in a direction perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the face material 13. In addition, it is preferable that the buried part 82 is provided at approximately the same height as the connection position of the face material 13 and the attachment part 81a, or at a position lower than the said connection position.
The buried portion 82 is connected and fixed to the attachment portion 81a via a connecting member 81b such that its longitudinal direction is substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the attachment portion 81a. The buried portion 82 is provided so as to face all the face materials 13 in the depth direction D. That is, the buried portion 82 is provided so as to extend in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which earth pressure acts.
The buried portion 82 is connected to the connecting member 81b, for example, near both ends in the longitudinal direction.
The buried portion 82 is buried in the ground G so that its position is fixed. That is, the buried portion 82 has a function of taking a reaction force when force is applied to the civil engineering structure 100 due to earth pressure.

As described above, the civil engineering structure 100 is constructed by connecting the steel frames 10 side by side in the width direction W and stacking them in the height direction H.
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, FIG. 7, and FIG. By connecting each beam 12 of the frame 10 to one column 11, the steel frame 10 can be connected in the width direction W.
On the other hand, in the height direction H, the pillars 11 of the lower steel frame 10 and the pillars 11 of the upper steel frame 10 are connected with bolts and nuts via a connecting plate 90 (see FIG. 7), By connecting the pillars 21 of the lower steel frame 10 and the pillars 21 of the upper steel frame 10 with bolts and nuts via the connecting plate 91, the steel frames 10 can be connected to each other. In addition, when the reinforcing frame 20 is provided in the rear part 2, the pillars 71 of the lower reinforcing frame 20 and the pillars 71 of the upper reinforcing frame 20 are connected with bolts and nuts via the connecting plate 92. do.
At this time, the beam part 12 of the front part 1 is fitted between the flanges of the pillar material 11 and does not protrude upward from the pillar material 11, and the beam part 22 of the rear part 2 is between the flanges of the pillar material 21. It is contained within and does not protrude upward from the pillar material 21. Further, the connecting members 31a, 31b and the joint plates 31c, 31d, 31e, 31f of the left side part 3 are arranged so as to be provided on the same plane as the end surfaces of the pillars 11, 21, and the connecting members of the right side part 4 41a, 41b and joint plates 41c, 41d, 41e, 41f are arranged so as to be provided on the same plane as the end surfaces of the pillars 11, 21.
As a result, the civil engineering structure 100 can be easily constructed by manufacturing the steel frame 10 in advance in a factory and unitizing it, stacking the units of the steel frame 10 and connecting them via the connecting plates 90, 91, and 92. can do.

<Method of constructing civil engineering structures>
When constructing a civil engineering structure 100, as shown in FIG. 12, a steel frame 10 is first installed approximately in the center of the construction area. The steel frame 10 may be constructed at the construction site, or may be manufactured in advance at a factory and transported and installed.
After the first steel frame 10 is installed, the shape of the steel frame 10 is corrected as necessary, and the inside of the installed steel frame 10 is filled with the filling material 40. When filling the filling material 40, as shown in FIG. 13, the filling material 40 is filled up to a height at which the anchor portion 8 is provided.
Next, as shown in FIG. 14, the anchor part 8 is installed. When installing the anchor part 8, for example, the buried part 82 is provided in the ground G, the attachment part 81a is arranged outside the panel 13, and the attachment part 81a and the connecting part 81b are connected. The connecting portion 81b is placed on the upper surface of the filled filling material 40. At this time, care must be taken so that the distance between the mounting portion 81a and the face material 13 does not become large. Then, the connecting portion 81b is connected to the buried portion 82, and the buried portion 82 is filled with earth and sand while the connecting portion 81b is stretched.
Next, as shown in FIG. 15, the filling material 40 is filled up to the upper end of the steel frame 10, and the connecting portion 81b is filled with the filling material 40.
Next, another steel frame 10 is connected to the first steel frame 10 filled with the filling material 40, and after the connection, the filling material 40 is filled. Regarding the steel frame 10 that requires the anchor part 8, the steel frame 10 is connected, the anchor part 8 is installed, and the filling material 40 is filled according to the above-described procedure. In addition, in the steel frame 10 in which the anchor portion 8 is not provided, the filling material 40 may be filled up to the upper end of the steel frame 10 after the steel frame 10 is installed.
These steps are repeated in the width direction W and height direction H of the civil engineering structure 100, and if necessary, the embedding frame 30 is connected to the end of the width direction W, and a part of the civil engineering structure 100 is backfilled with earth and sand. .
The civil engineering structure 100 is constructed through the above steps.

As described above, since the steel frame 10 is provided with the anchor part 8 that takes the reaction force against the ground G when earth pressure acts, the steel frame 10 of the same structure without the anchor part 8 And compared to the civil engineering structure 100, the strength against earth pressure can be increased. Thereby, by simply providing the anchor portion 8, it is possible to obtain the same effect as enlarging the cross section of the civil engineering structure 100 by enlarging the steel frame 10 and increasing the filling amount of the filling material 40. Therefore, it is possible to downsize the steel frame 10 and the civil engineering structure 100, and the construction does not become large-scale.
Further, by providing the buried portion 82 at a lower position than the mounting portion 81a, the strength of the steel frame 10 and the civil engineering structure 100 against earth pressure can be increased.
Further, since the buried portion 82 is provided at a position deeper than the slip surface S of the ground G, even if the earth and sand collapses, the buried portion 82 will not be exposed and lose its function.
Furthermore, by providing the mounting portion 81a and the buried portion 82 so as to extend in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which earth pressure is applied, it is possible to prevent a large force from acting locally on the mounting portion 81a and the buried portion 82, and to can maximize its resistance to
Moreover, since the attachment part 81a is provided on the downstream side of the face material 13 of the front part 1, it is possible to prevent the face material 13 from bending due to earth pressure.
Further, since the plurality of connecting portions 81b are arranged parallel or substantially parallel to each other, it is possible to prevent a large force from acting locally on a portion of the attachment portion 81a.
Moreover, since the anchor part 8 is provided in the steel frame 10 at the lowest stage of the civil engineering structure 100 where the earth pressure is high, the civil engineering structure 100 can be effectively reinforced.

<Others>
Note that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments.
For example, the buried portion 82 in the anchor portion 8 is not limited to being provided at approximately the same height as the attachment portion 81a, but may be provided at a lower position than the attachment portion 81a, as shown in FIG.
Further, the anchor portion 8 is not limited to the case where it is provided on at least some of the steel frames 10 arranged at the lowest stage where relatively large earth pressure acts, but may be provided on all the steel frames 10. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 17, they may be provided in the steel frames 10 at the lowest and second stages. Further, a plurality of anchor portions 8 may be provided in one steel frame 10.
Moreover, the attachment part 81a may be connected not only to the face material 13 but also to the pillar material 11, the beam material 12, or the connecting materials 31 and 41.
Even in such a configuration, the same effects as in the above embodiment can be achieved.

1 Front part 2 Rear part 3 Left side part 4 Right side part 5 Top part 6 Bottom part 8 Anchor part 81 Connecting part 81a Mounting part 81b Connecting part 82 Burying part 10 Steel frame 20 Reinforcement frame 30 Rooting frame 40 Filling material 100 Civil engineering Structure
G ground
S slip surface

Claims (12)

A steel frame formed into a three-dimensional frame shape and filled with filling material,
A steel frame characterized by having an anchor part that is partially buried in the ground. The anchor part is
a buried part buried in the ground;
a connecting part that connects a component of the steel frame and the buried part;
The steel frame according to claim 1, comprising: The steel frame according to claim 2, wherein the buried portion is provided at a position lower than a connection position between a component of the steel frame and the connection portion. The steel frame according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the buried portion is provided at a position deeper than a sliding surface of the ground. The steel frame according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the buried portion is formed to extend in a direction perpendicular to a direction in which earth pressure acts. The connecting portion is
a mounting portion attached to a component of the steel frame;
a connecting part connecting the mounting part and the buried part;
The steel frame according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized by comprising: Equipped with a front part located on the downstream side in the direction of action of earth pressure,
The steel frame according to claim 6, wherein the attachment part is attached to the front part. The steel frame according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the attachment portion is formed to extend in a direction perpendicular to a direction in which earth pressure acts. A plurality of the connecting portions are provided,
The steel frame according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein each connecting portion is provided along the direction of action of earth pressure. A civil engineering structure comprising a plurality of steel frames formed into a three-dimensional frame shape and filled with filling material, and a filling material filled inside each steel frame,
A civil engineering structure characterized by comprising an anchor part connected to a component of the steel frame and partially buried in the ground. 11. The civil engineering structure according to claim 10, wherein the anchor portion is provided on at least a portion of the steel frame arranged at the lowest stage. A method for constructing a civil engineering structure according to claim 10 or 11,
installing the steel frame;
a step of connecting the anchor portion to a component of the installed steel frame;
burying a part of the anchor part in the ground;
filling the inside of the steel frame with the filling material;
A method of constructing a civil engineering structure characterized by having the following.

Images