JP2023116293A - Connection failure detection circuit and circuit breaker - Google Patents

Connection failure detection circuit and circuit breaker Download PDF

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JP2023116293A
JP2023116293A JP2022019022A JP2022019022A JP2023116293A JP 2023116293 A JP2023116293 A JP 2023116293A JP 2022019022 A JP2022019022 A JP 2022019022A JP 2022019022 A JP2022019022 A JP 2022019022A JP 2023116293 A JP2023116293 A JP 2023116293A
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circuit
temperature
potential difference
connection
amplification factor
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文移 林
Buni Hayashi
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Kawamura Electric Inc
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Kawamura Electric Inc
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Abstract

To provide a connection failure detection circuit and a circuit breaker, capable of detecting a connection failure even with a voltage value of which generated potential difference does not reach an operation voltage of a photo coupler, and not receiving an influence of a cable way current.SOLUTION: A connection failure detection circuit includes: a differential amplifier circuit 21 that amplifies a potential difference generated in a connection terminal 10; a determination part 22 that determines as generation of a connection failure if the amplified potential difference exceeds a predetermined threshold value; a current measurement part 24 that measures a cable way current; and an amplification rate control part 25 that changes and controls an amplification rate of the differential amplifier circuit 21. The amplification rate control part 25 makes the amplification rate of the differential amplifier circuit 21 be in reverse proportion at a predetermined rate to the cable way current, and a disconnection mechanism part of a circuit breaker 1 performs an open operation of a contact part 13 when the determination part 22 determines generation of a connection failure, and the circuit breaker 1 performs a disconnection operation.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

本発明は、接続端子の接続不良を検出する接続不良検出回路、及び接続不良検出回路を備えた回路遮断器に関する。 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a connection failure detection circuit for detecting connection failure of connection terminals, and a circuit breaker equipped with the connection failure detection circuit.

回路遮断器の電路を接続する接続端子は、端子ネジにより電線側の圧着端子を座金に圧接して機械的接続及び電気的接続が成される構成が普及している。このような端子では、端子ネジが緩むと座金と圧着端子との接触状態が不安定となり、アーク放電が発生し過熱する問題があった。
この対策として、端子ネジの緩みが発生したら、それを検出して電路を遮断する回路遮断器がある。例えば、特許文献1では端子ネジと端子座の間に所定の電位差が発生したら、接続不良発生と判断して遮断機構部を遮断動作させた。
2. Description of the Related Art As a connection terminal for connecting an electric circuit of a circuit breaker, a configuration in which a crimp terminal on the electric wire side is pressed against a washer by a terminal screw to achieve mechanical connection and electrical connection is widely used. In such a terminal, when the terminal screw is loosened, the contact state between the washer and the crimp terminal becomes unstable, causing arc discharge and overheating.
As a countermeasure, there is a circuit breaker that detects loosened terminal screws and cuts off the electric circuit. For example, in Patent Document 1, when a predetermined potential difference occurs between the terminal screw and the terminal seat, it is determined that a connection failure has occurred, and the disconnecting mechanism is operated to disconnect.

特開2012-243666号公報JP 2012-243666 A

しかしながら、上記特許文献1の技術は、接続端子に発生する電位差によりフォトカプラをオン動作させて、その出力により接続不良を検出した。そのため、検出部位の電位差がフォトカプラの動作電圧に至らなければ検出できないため、初期段階での検出が難しい問題があった。また、接続不良により発生する電位差は電路電流の大きさにより変化するため、感度にばらつきがあり、電路電流が大きくなると誤動作することがあった。 However, in the technique of Patent Document 1, the photocoupler is turned on by the potential difference generated at the connection terminal, and the connection failure is detected from the output. For this reason, detection is difficult unless the potential difference at the detection site reaches the operating voltage of the photocoupler, making detection difficult at the initial stage. In addition, since the potential difference caused by poor connection varies depending on the magnitude of the circuit current, the sensitivity varies, and malfunctions may occur when the circuit current increases.

そこで、本発明はこのような問題点に鑑み、発生した電位差がフォトカプラの動作電圧に至らない電圧でも接続不良を検知でき、更に電路電流の影響を受け難い接続不良検出回路及び回路遮断器を提供することを目的としている。 Therefore, in view of such problems, the present invention provides a poor connection detection circuit and a circuit breaker that can detect a poor connection even if the generated potential difference does not reach the operating voltage of the photocoupler, and is less susceptible to the influence of the circuit current. intended to provide.

上記課題を解決する為に、請求項1の発明は、電路を接続する接続端子の接続不良を検出する接続不良検出回路であって、接続端子で発生する電位差を検出する電位差検出回路と、検出した電位差が所定の閾値を超えたら接続不良発生と判断する判定部とを有し、電位差検出回路が、検出した電位差を増幅する差動増幅回路を備え、判定部は、差動増幅回路が増幅した電位差を閾値と比較して判定することを特徴とする。
この構成によれば、検出した電位差を差動増幅回路で増幅して判断するため、従来のように検出した電位差が、フォトカプラをオンさせる電圧に至らなくても検出が可能となり、接続不良を初期の段階で検知できる。
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention of claim 1 is a connection failure detection circuit for detecting connection failure of a connection terminal for connecting an electric circuit, comprising: a potential difference detection circuit for detecting a potential difference occurring at the connection terminal; a determination unit that determines that connection failure has occurred when the detected potential difference exceeds a predetermined threshold, the potential difference detection circuit includes a differential amplifier circuit that amplifies the detected potential difference, and the determination unit includes a differential amplifier circuit that amplifies the detected potential difference. It is characterized in that determination is made by comparing the resulting potential difference with a threshold value.
According to this configuration, since the detected potential difference is amplified by the differential amplifier circuit and determined, detection is possible even if the detected potential difference does not reach the voltage that turns on the photocoupler as in the conventional art, and connection failure can be detected. It can be detected at an early stage.

請求項2の発明は、請求項1に記載の構成において、電路電流を計測する電流計測部と、差動増幅回路の増幅率を変更制御する増幅率制御部とを有し、増幅率制御部は、電路電流に対して差動増幅回路の増幅率を所定の率で反比例させる制御を実施することを特徴とする。
この構成によれば、差動増幅回路の増幅率、即ち接続不良を検出する感度が電路電流に反比例するため、電路電流の増加に伴って増大する電圧降下に起因する誤動作を削減できる。
The invention according to claim 2 is the configuration according to claim 1, comprising a current measuring unit for measuring the electric circuit current and an amplification factor control unit for changing and controlling the amplification factor of the differential amplifier circuit, and the amplification factor control part is characterized by performing control to make the amplification factor of the differential amplifier circuit inversely proportional to the circuit current at a predetermined rate.
According to this configuration, since the amplification factor of the differential amplifier circuit, that is, the sensitivity for detecting poor connection, is inversely proportional to the circuit current, it is possible to reduce malfunctions caused by a voltage drop that increases as the circuit current increases.

請求項3の発明は、請求項1に記載の構成において、電位差検出対象の接続端子の温度を計測する端子温度計測部と、周囲の環境温度を計測する周囲温度計測部と、温度差と電路電流の関係を記憶する温度差情報記憶部と、差動増幅回路の増幅率を変更制御する増幅率制御部とを有し、増幅率制御部は、接続端子の温度と環境温度との温度差を求め、温度差から電路電流を換算し、換算した電路電流に対して差動増幅回路の増幅率を所定の率で反比例させる制御を実施することを特徴とする。
この構成によれば、温度から電路電流を推測するため、電流計測のための変流器等を設置する必要がない。そして、接続不良を検出する感度を電路電流に反比例させることができるため、電路電流の増加に伴って増大する電圧降下に起因する誤動作を削減できる。
The invention according to claim 3 is the configuration according to claim 1, wherein a terminal temperature measurement unit for measuring the temperature of the connection terminal to be detected for the potential difference, an ambient temperature measurement unit for measuring the ambient temperature, and the temperature difference and the electric circuit It has a temperature difference information storage unit that stores the current relationship, and an amplification factor control unit that changes and controls the amplification factor of the differential amplifier circuit. is obtained, a circuit current is converted from the temperature difference, and control is performed so that the amplification factor of the differential amplifier circuit is inversely proportional to the converted circuit current at a predetermined rate.
According to this configuration, since the circuit current is estimated from the temperature, there is no need to install a current transformer or the like for current measurement. Further, since the sensitivity for detecting poor connection can be made inversely proportional to the electric circuit current, it is possible to reduce malfunctions caused by a voltage drop that increases as the electric circuit current increases.

請求項4の発明は、請求項1に記載の構成において、電位差検出対象の接続端子の温度を計測する端子温度計測部と、温度と差動増幅回路の増幅率の関係を記憶する温度補正情報記憶部と、差動増幅回路の増幅率を変更制御する増幅率制御部と、を有し、増幅率制御部は、接続端子の計測温度を基に、温度補正情報記憶部を参照して温度が上昇したら差動増幅回路の増幅率を下げる制御を行うことを特徴とする。
この構成によれば、温度上昇に伴う接触抵抗の上昇、即ち電位差の上昇を加味して接続端子の温度に反比例するよう差動増幅回路の増幅率を制御するため、誤動作を削減できる。
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the configuration according to the first aspect, the terminal temperature measurement unit measures the temperature of the connection terminal to be detected by the potential difference, and the temperature correction information stores the relationship between the temperature and the amplification factor of the differential amplifier circuit. and an amplification factor control part for changing and controlling the amplification factor of the differential amplifier circuit. is controlled to decrease the amplification factor of the differential amplifier circuit when .
According to this configuration, the amplification factor of the differential amplifier circuit is controlled so as to be inversely proportional to the temperature of the connection terminals, taking into account the increase in contact resistance, that is, the increase in potential difference, which accompanies temperature rise, thereby reducing malfunctions.

請求項5の発明は、電路を電気的に接続する接続端子の接続不良を検出する接続不良検出回路であって、接続端子で発生する電位差を検出する電位差検出回路と、検出した電位差が設定された基準電位を超えたら接続不良発生と判断して所定の信号を出力する判定部とを有し、電位差検出回路が、検出した電位差を増幅するためのコンパレータ回路を備えていることを特徴とする。
この構成によれば、検出した電位差をコンパレータ回路で基準電位と比較して判断するため、僅かな電位差であっても接続不良を検出することが可能であり、従来のように検出した電位差がフォトカプラをオンさせる電圧に至らなくても容易に検出できる。よって、接続不良を初期の段階で検知できる。
According to a fifth aspect of the invention, there is provided a connection failure detection circuit for detecting a connection failure of a connection terminal for electrically connecting an electric circuit, comprising a potential difference detection circuit for detecting a potential difference generated at the connection terminal, and the detected potential difference being set. a determination unit that determines that connection failure occurs and outputs a predetermined signal when the reference potential is exceeded, and the potential difference detection circuit includes a comparator circuit for amplifying the detected potential difference. .
According to this configuration, since the detected potential difference is compared with the reference potential by the comparator circuit, it is possible to detect a poor connection even with a slight potential difference. It can be easily detected even if it does not reach the voltage that turns on the coupler. Therefore, poor connection can be detected at an early stage.

請求項6の発明は、請求項5に記載の構成において、電路電流を計測する電流計測部と、コンパレータ回路の基準電位を変更する基準電位制御部と、を有し、基準電位制御部は、電路電流に対して基準電位を所定の率で比例させる制御を実施することを特徴とする。
この構成によれば、基準電位が電路電流に比例するため、接続不良を検出する感度を電路電流に反比例させることができ、電路電流の増加に伴って増大する電圧降下の起因する誤動作を削減できる。
According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the configuration according to the fifth aspect, a current measuring section for measuring the circuit current and a reference potential control section for changing the reference potential of the comparator circuit are provided, and the reference potential control section It is characterized by performing control to make the reference potential proportional to the electric circuit current at a predetermined rate.
According to this configuration, since the reference potential is proportional to the circuit current, it is possible to make the sensitivity for detecting poor connection inversely proportional to the circuit current, thereby reducing malfunctions caused by a voltage drop that increases as the circuit current increases. .

請求項7の発明は、請求項5に記載の構成において、コンパレータ回路の基準電位を設定する抵抗素子を負特性サーミスタにより構成し、負特性サーミスタを電位差検出対象の接続端子近傍に配置し、コンパレータ回路の基準電位が、接続端子の温度により変化することを特徴とする。
この構成によれば、基準電位を電路電流に比例するよう変化させることができるため、接続不良を検出する感度を電路電流に反比例させることができる。よって、電路電流の増加に伴って増大する電圧降下に起因する誤動作を削減できる。
According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the configuration of the fifth aspect, the resistance element for setting the reference potential of the comparator circuit is composed of a negative-characteristic thermistor, the negative-characteristic thermistor is arranged in the vicinity of the connection terminal for potential difference detection, and the comparator The reference potential of the circuit is characterized by changing according to the temperature of the connection terminal.
According to this configuration, since the reference potential can be changed in proportion to the circuit current, the sensitivity for detecting poor connection can be made inversely proportional to the circuit current. Therefore, it is possible to reduce malfunction caused by a voltage drop that increases as the electric circuit current increases.

請求項8の発明は、1次側端子及び2次側端子と、両端子の間に配設された電路を遮断する遮断機構部とを有し、電路に過電流が流れたら遮断機構部が遮断動作する回路遮断器であって、請求項1乃至7の何れかに記載の接続不良検出回路が、1次側端子及び2次側端子のうちの少なくとも一方に設けられ、接続不良検出回路が接続不良発生と判断したら、遮断機構部が遮断動作することを特徴とする。
この構成によれば、接続端子の電位差が従来のようにフォトカプラをオンさせる電圧に至らなくても接続不良発生を検出して遮断動作するため、接続不良の発生を初期の段階で検出して遮断動作でき、回路遮断器の劣化を防止できる。
The invention according to claim 8 has a primary side terminal, a secondary side terminal, and a breaking mechanism section disposed between the terminals for breaking off an electric circuit, and when an overcurrent flows in the electric line, the breaking mechanism section is activated. A circuit breaker that cuts off, wherein the connection failure detection circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is provided in at least one of the primary side terminal and the secondary side terminal, and the connection failure detection circuit is It is characterized in that, when it is determined that a connection failure has occurred, the disconnection mechanism section performs a disconnection operation.
According to this configuration, even if the potential difference between the connection terminals does not reach the voltage that turns on the photocoupler as in the conventional art, the occurrence of a connection failure is detected and cutoff operation is performed. Breaking operation is possible, and deterioration of the circuit breaker can be prevented.

本発明によれば、検出した電位差を差動増幅回路、或いはコンパレータで増幅して判断するため、従来のように検出した電位差がフォトカプラをオンさせる電圧に至らなくても検出が可能となり、接続不良を初期の段階で検知できる。
また、電路電流に応じて差動増幅回路の増幅率或いはコンパレータの基準電位を変化させるため、電路電流の影響を受け難い。
According to the present invention, since the detected potential difference is amplified by a differential amplifier circuit or a comparator for determination, detection is possible even if the detected potential difference does not reach the voltage that turns on the photocoupler as in the conventional art. Defects can be detected at an early stage.
In addition, since the amplification factor of the differential amplifier circuit or the reference potential of the comparator is changed according to the circuit current, it is less susceptible to the circuit current.

接続不良検出回路を備えた回路遮断器の一例を示すブロック図である。FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of a circuit breaker with a poor connection detection circuit; 接続端子の電位差を検出する構成を示す説明図である。FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration for detecting a potential difference between connection terminals; 接続不良検出回路の他の構成を示すブロック図である。FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing another configuration of the poor connection detection circuit; 接続不良検出回路の他の構成を示すブロック図である。FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing another configuration of the poor connection detection circuit; 電路電流と温度差の関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the relationship between an electric circuit current and a temperature difference. 接続不良検出回路の他の構成を示すブロック図である。FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing another configuration of the poor connection detection circuit; 抵抗値と温度の関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the relationship between a resistance value and temperature. 接続不良検出回路の他の構成を示すブロック図である。FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing another configuration of the poor connection detection circuit; 接続不良検出回路の他の構成を示すブロック図である。FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing another configuration of the poor connection detection circuit;

以下、本発明を具体化した実施の形態を、図面を参照して詳細に説明する。図1は本発明に係る接続不良検出回路を備えた回路遮断器の説明図であり、1は回路遮断器、2は接続不良検出回路である。接続不良検出回路2を回路遮断器1の2次側端子に設けた構成を示している。
回路遮断器1は、3線式の電路に使用される構成を示し、例えば単相3線式電路に使用される構成を示している。
尚、接続不良検出回路2は、図示しない回路基板に組み付けられて、回路遮断器1のハウジングH内に組み込まれている。また、接続不良検出回路2は全ての2次側端子に設けられているが、説明の都合上1端子のみの記載としている。
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, embodiments embodying the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a circuit breaker equipped with a connection failure detection circuit according to the present invention, where 1 is the circuit breaker and 2 is the connection failure detection circuit. 1 shows a configuration in which a connection failure detection circuit 2 is provided at a secondary terminal of a circuit breaker 1. FIG.
The circuit breaker 1 shows a configuration used for a three-wire electric circuit, for example, a single-phase three-wire electric circuit.
The poor connection detection circuit 2 is mounted on a circuit board (not shown) and incorporated in the housing H of the circuit breaker 1 . Also, although the connection failure detection circuit 2 is provided for all the secondary terminals, only one terminal is shown for convenience of explanation.

回路遮断器1は、電路4を電気的に接続する1次側端子11、2次側端子12を構成する接続端子10がそれぞれ3つの端子を有しており、電圧極であるL1極、L2極と、中性極であるN極により構成されている。
回路遮断器1のハウジングH内には、1次側端子11と2次側端子12の間に掛け渡された電路を開閉する接点部13、接点部13を遮断操作する遮断機構部(図示せず)が組み込まれている。また、ハウジングHの上部には接点部13をオン/オフ操作するハンドル(図示せず)が設けられている。
尚、図1では説明のためハウジングH内を透視した図としている。
In the circuit breaker 1, each of the connection terminals 10 constituting the primary side terminal 11 and the secondary side terminal 12 electrically connecting the electric circuit 4 has three terminals, and voltage poles L1 and L2 are provided. It is composed of a pole and an N pole which is a neutral pole.
In the housing H of the circuit breaker 1, there are provided a contact portion 13 for opening and closing the electric circuit stretched between the primary side terminal 11 and the secondary side terminal 12, and a breaking mechanism portion (not shown) for breaking the contact portion 13. ) are incorporated. A handle (not shown) for turning on/off the contact portion 13 is provided on the upper portion of the housing H. As shown in FIG.
1, the inside of the housing H is seen through for explanation.

接続不良検出回路2は、接続端子10で発生する接触抵抗に基づく電位差を検出する電位差検出回路である差動増幅回路21、接続不良を判定する判定部22、判定結果を受けて所定の信号を出力する出力部23、閾値を記憶する閾値記憶部26を有している。また、21aは差動増幅回路21を構成するオペアンプを示している。判定部22、出力部23、及び閾値記憶部26はMCU(Micro Controller Unit)3により構成されている。
そして、出力部23から出力される信号により遮断機構部が接点部13を開操作し、回路遮断器1は遮断動作する。
The connection failure detection circuit 2 includes a differential amplifier circuit 21 that detects a potential difference based on contact resistance generated at the connection terminal 10, a determination unit 22 that determines a connection failure, and a predetermined signal in response to the determination result. It has an output unit 23 for output and a threshold storage unit 26 for storing the threshold. 21a denotes an operational amplifier that constitutes the differential amplifier circuit 21. FIG. The determination unit 22 , the output unit 23 , and the threshold storage unit 26 are configured by an MCU (Micro Controller Unit) 3 .
Then, according to the signal output from the output portion 23, the breaking mechanism portion opens the contact portion 13, and the circuit breaker 1 performs breaking operation.

図2は、接続不良検出回路2が接続された2次側端子12の接続端子10の構成を示している。尚、接続端子10自体の構成は、1次側端子11及び2次側端子12の個々の接続端子10において共通である。
接続端子10は、座金61、端子ネジ62、ナット63を有し、電路4である電線60の端部に固着された圧着端子65が、座金61に密着するように端子ネジ62とナット63とで圧接される。
差動増幅回路21を構成するオペアンプ21aは、正極側入力端子20a、負極側入力端子20bのうち、正極側入力端子20aが座金61に接続され、負極側入力端子20bが圧着端子65に接続されている。こうして、接続端子10の座金61と圧着端子65の間の電位差が入力される。
尚、電圧を検出する部位は、座金61とナット63の間、座金61と端子ネジ62の間であってもよい。
FIG. 2 shows the configuration of the connection terminal 10 of the secondary side terminal 12 to which the connection failure detection circuit 2 is connected. The configuration of the connection terminal 10 itself is common to each connection terminal 10 of the primary side terminal 11 and the secondary side terminal 12 .
The connection terminal 10 has a washer 61 , a terminal screw 62 , and a nut 63 . pressure contact.
The operational amplifier 21a constituting the differential amplifier circuit 21 has a positive input terminal 20a and a negative input terminal 20b. ing. Thus, the potential difference between the washer 61 of the connection terminal 10 and the crimp terminal 65 is input.
Incidentally, the part where the voltage is detected may be between the washer 61 and the nut 63 or between the washer 61 and the terminal screw 62 .

上記の如く構成された接続不良検出回路2は以下のように動作する。接続端子10において発生した電位差が差動増幅回路21に入力され、抵抗素子R1,R2の比で設定された増幅度(ゲイン)により、例えば10倍に増幅されて判定部22に出力される。
尚、差動増幅回路21の増幅率Gは、R2/R1或いは1+R2/R1で設定され、オペアンプ21aに対する抵抗素子R1,R2の接続形態により何れかとなる。
The poor connection detection circuit 2 configured as described above operates as follows. A potential difference generated at the connection terminal 10 is input to the differential amplifier circuit 21 , amplified by, for example, 10 times according to the amplification factor (gain) set by the ratio of the resistance elements R1 and R2, and output to the determination section 22 .
The amplification factor G of the differential amplifier circuit 21 is set to R2/R1 or 1+R2/R1, depending on the connection form of the resistance elements R1 and R2 to the operational amplifier 21a.

閾値記憶部26は接続不良発生と判定する閾値を記憶しており、判定部22は差動増幅回路21から出力された電圧情報が、閾値記憶部26が記憶している閾値を超えたら接続不良発生と判断し、出力部23から所定の信号を出力させる。
遮断機構部はこの信号を受けて遮断動作し、接点部13が開放されて電路4が遮断される。
The threshold storage unit 26 stores a threshold value for determining that connection failure has occurred. It is determined that it has occurred, and a predetermined signal is output from the output unit 23 .
Upon receiving this signal, the breaker mechanism performs a break operation, and the contact portion 13 is opened to break the electric circuit 4 .

このように、検出した電位差を差動増幅回路21で増幅して判断するため、従来のように検出した電位差が、フォトカプラをオンさせる電圧に至らなくても検出が可能となり、接続不良を初期の段階で検知して電路を遮断できる。結果、回路遮断器1の劣化を防止できる。
尚、閾値記憶部26が記憶する閾値は、固定値でなく監視する接続端子10の接触抵抗の実測値を基準に設定すると良く、接触抵抗の初期値が1mΩと10mΩとでは、同一の電路電流でも電圧降下量が1桁異なるため、接触抵抗の初期値が大きい接続端子10は閾値を比較的大きく設定するのが望ましい。こうすることで、経年劣化に起因する接触抵抗の増加があっても、誤動作も削減できる。
In this way, since the detected potential difference is amplified by the differential amplifier circuit 21 and determined, detection is possible even if the detected potential difference does not reach the voltage that turns on the photocoupler as in the conventional art, and connection failure can be detected in the initial stage. It can be detected at the stage of , and the electric circuit can be cut off. As a result, deterioration of the circuit breaker 1 can be prevented.
It should be noted that the threshold value stored in the threshold storage unit 26 is preferably set based on the actual measurement value of the contact resistance of the connection terminal 10 to be monitored instead of a fixed value. However, since the amount of voltage drop differs by an order of magnitude, it is desirable to set the threshold value relatively large for the connection terminal 10 having a large initial value of the contact resistance. By doing so, malfunctions can be reduced even if the contact resistance increases due to deterioration over time.

図3は接続不良検出回路2の別の形態を示している。上記図1の形態とは電路電流の情報を基に差動増幅回路21の増幅率が変化する点が異なっている。
具体的に、電路4に設けた変流器7から電流情報を入手して電路電流を計測する電流計測部24、差動増幅回路21の増幅率を制御する増幅率制御部25を備え、差動増幅回路21の増幅率を設定する抵抗素子R1,R2をデジタルポテンショメータ9で構成し、抵抗値を変更して差動増幅回路21の増幅率を制御可能としている。26aは電流値と増幅率の対応関係を記憶する電流情報記憶部であり、電路電流と差動増幅回路21の増幅率を所定の率で反比例させる情報を記憶している。
増幅率制御部25は、計測した電路電流情報を基に対応する増幅率を読み取り、電路電流が増加するとR1,R2を制御して増幅率を下げる。
FIG. 3 shows another form of the poor connection detection circuit 2. In FIG. 1 in that the amplification factor of the differential amplifier circuit 21 is changed based on the information of the circuit current.
Specifically, a current measurement unit 24 for obtaining current information from the current transformer 7 provided in the electric circuit 4 and measuring the electric circuit current, and an amplification factor control unit 25 for controlling the amplification factor of the differential amplifier circuit 21 are provided. The resistance elements R1 and R2 for setting the amplification factor of the dynamic amplifier circuit 21 are composed of a digital potentiometer 9 so that the amplification factor of the differential amplifier circuit 21 can be controlled by changing the resistance value. A current information storage unit 26a stores the correspondence between the current value and the amplification factor, and stores information for making the circuit current and the amplification factor of the differential amplifier circuit 21 inversely proportional at a predetermined rate.
The amplification factor control unit 25 reads the amplification factor corresponding to the measured circuit current information, and controls R1 and R2 to decrease the amplification factor when the circuit current increases.

このように、電路電流が増加すると差動増幅回路21の増幅率を下げる。即ち、接続不良を検出する感度が電路電流に反比例する。よって、電路電流の増加に伴って増加する電圧降下に起因する誤動作を削減できる。 Thus, the amplification factor of the differential amplifier circuit 21 is lowered when the electric circuit current increases. That is, the sensitivity for detecting poor connection is inversely proportional to the circuit current. Therefore, it is possible to reduce malfunctions caused by a voltage drop that increases as the electric circuit current increases.

図4は接続不良検出回路2の別の形態を示している。上記図3の形態とは電路電流情報ではなく温度情報を基に差動増幅回路21の増幅率を制御する点が異なっている。
具体的に、接続端子10の温度情報を入手する第1温度センサ8a、回路遮断器1の周囲温度の情報を入手する第2温度センサ8b、接続端子10の温度及び周囲温度(環境温度)を算出する温度計測部27、電流値と増幅率の関係を記憶する電流情報記憶部26a、温度と電路電流の関係を記憶する温度差情報記憶部26b、差動増幅回路21の増幅率を制御する増幅率制御部25aを備えている。
増幅率制御部25aは、接続端子10の温度と周囲の環境温度との差を算出して、算出した温度差情報を基に温度差情報記憶部26bを参照して電路電流を換算し、更に電流情報記憶部26aを参照して換算した電流値から増幅率を決定する。そして、決定した増幅率になるようデジタルポテンショメータ9から成る抵抗素子R1,R2を制御する。
FIG. 4 shows another form of the poor connection detection circuit 2. In FIG. 3 in that the amplification factor of the differential amplifier circuit 21 is controlled based on temperature information instead of circuit current information.
Specifically, a first temperature sensor 8a for obtaining temperature information on the connection terminal 10, a second temperature sensor 8b for obtaining information on the ambient temperature of the circuit breaker 1, the temperature of the connection terminal 10 and the ambient temperature (environmental temperature) are A temperature measurement unit 27 for calculation, a current information storage unit 26a for storing the relationship between the current value and the amplification factor, a temperature difference information storage unit 26b for storing the relationship between the temperature and the circuit current, and the amplification factor of the differential amplifier circuit 21 is controlled. An amplification factor control section 25a is provided.
The amplification factor control unit 25a calculates the difference between the temperature of the connection terminal 10 and the surrounding environmental temperature, refers to the temperature difference information storage unit 26b based on the calculated temperature difference information, converts the electric circuit current, and further An amplification factor is determined from the current value converted by referring to the current information storage unit 26a. Then, the resistance elements R1 and R2 comprising the digital potentiometer 9 are controlled so as to obtain the determined amplification factor.

図5は、温度差情報記憶部26bが記憶する電路電流(電路電流推測値)と温度差のとの関係を示し、実測値に基づいて設定されている。
このように、温度から電路電流を推測するため、電流計測のための変流器等を設置する必要がない。そして、接続不良を検出する感度を電路電流に反比例させることができるため、電路電流の増加に伴って増大する電圧降下に起因する誤動作を削減できる。
FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the electric circuit current (electric circuit current estimated value) stored in the temperature difference information storage unit 26b and the temperature difference, which is set based on the actually measured value.
In this way, since the circuit current is estimated from the temperature, there is no need to install a current transformer or the like for current measurement. Further, since the sensitivity for detecting poor connection can be made inversely proportional to the electric circuit current, it is possible to reduce malfunctions caused by a voltage drop that increases as the electric circuit current increases.

図6は、接続不良検出回路2の別の形態を示している。図4の形態とは、1箇所の温度情報を基に増幅回路の増幅率を制御する点が異なっている。
具体的に、接続端子10の温度情報を入手する温度センサ8c、温度センサ8cの情報から温度を算出する温度計測部27a、差動増幅回路21の増幅率を制御する増幅率制御部25b、温度と増幅率の関係を記憶する温度補正情報記憶部26cを備えている。
増幅率制御部25bは、検出した接続端子10の温度情報を基に温度補正情報記憶部26cの情報を参照して増幅率を制御する。
FIG. 6 shows another form of the poor connection detection circuit 2. As shown in FIG. 4 in that the amplification factor of the amplifier circuit is controlled based on temperature information at one location.
Specifically, the temperature sensor 8c that obtains the temperature information of the connection terminal 10, the temperature measurement unit 27a that calculates the temperature from the information of the temperature sensor 8c, the amplification factor control unit 25b that controls the amplification factor of the differential amplifier circuit 21, the temperature , and a temperature correction information storage unit 26c for storing the relationship between the gain and the amplification factor.
Based on the detected temperature information of the connection terminal 10, the amplification factor control section 25b controls the amplification factor by referring to the information in the temperature correction information storage section 26c.

図7は、抵抗値と温度の関係を示しており、Rtは基準温度tでの抵抗値、RTは計測温度Tでの抵抗値を示している。図7に示すように、温度の上昇に伴い接触抵抗値(抵抗値)も上昇(検出する電位差も上昇)する。
温度補正情報記憶部26cは、この温度変化に伴う抵抗値の変化を補正するために、差動増幅回路21の増幅率と温度の関係を記憶している。増幅率制御部25bは、この温度補正情報記憶部26cの情報を参照して、温度上昇分により誤検知しないように差動増幅回路21の増幅率を下げる制御を実施する。結果、判定閾値を上げて誤動作を防止する制御を実施している。
FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the resistance value and the temperature, where Rt is the resistance value at the reference temperature t and RT is the resistance value at the measured temperature T. As shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 7, as the temperature rises, the contact resistance value (resistance value) also rises (the potential difference to be detected also rises).
The temperature correction information storage unit 26c stores the relationship between the amplification factor of the differential amplifier circuit 21 and the temperature in order to correct the change in the resistance value due to the temperature change. The amplification factor control section 25b refers to the information in the temperature correction information storage section 26c and performs control to lower the amplification factor of the differential amplifier circuit 21 so as not to cause erroneous detection due to the temperature rise. As a result, control is implemented to prevent malfunction by increasing the determination threshold.

このように、温度上昇に伴う接触抵抗の上昇、即ち電位差の上昇を加味して接続端子10の温度に反比例するよう差動増幅回路21の増幅率を制御するため、誤動作を削減できる。
尚、差動増幅回路21の増幅率を変更制御する上記図4,6の形態では、2つの抵抗素子R1,R2の抵抗値を可変としたが、何れか一方のみデジタルポテンショメータとして可変とし、他方を固定値としても良い。
In this manner, the amplification factor of the differential amplifier circuit 21 is controlled so as to be inversely proportional to the temperature of the connection terminal 10 taking into consideration the increase in contact resistance, that is, the increase in potential difference, due to temperature rise, so malfunctions can be reduced.
4 and 6 for changing and controlling the amplification factor of the differential amplifier circuit 21, the resistance values of the two resistance elements R1 and R2 are made variable, but only one of them is made variable as a digital potentiometer, and the other is made variable. may be set as a fixed value.

図8は、接続不良検出回路2の別の形態を示し、上記一連の形態とは電位差検出回路にコンパレータ回路31を使用している点が相違している。尚、回路遮断器1の構成は上記形態と同様であるため説明を省略する。
具体的に、接続不良検出回路2は、接続端子10の電位差を検出する電位差検出回路をコンパレータ回路31で構成し、コンパレータ回路31が出力するH/L信号から接続不良を判定する判定部22、判定結果を受けて所定の信号を出力する出力部23を備えている。31aはコンパレータ回路31を構成するオペアンプ、R3,R4はコンパレータ回路のH/L出力の閾値(基準電位)を設定する抵抗素子である。
FIG. 8 shows another form of the poor connection detection circuit 2, which differs from the series of forms described above in that a comparator circuit 31 is used as the potential difference detection circuit. The configuration of the circuit breaker 1 is the same as that of the above-described embodiment, so the description is omitted.
Specifically, the connection failure detection circuit 2 comprises a potential difference detection circuit for detecting the potential difference of the connection terminal 10 with the comparator circuit 31. An output unit 23 is provided for receiving the determination result and outputting a predetermined signal. Reference numeral 31a denotes an operational amplifier constituting the comparator circuit 31, and R3 and R4 are resistance elements for setting H/L output thresholds (reference potentials) of the comparator circuit.

コンパレータ回路31からH信号が出力されたら、判定部22は接続不良発生と判断して出力部23から遮断機構部を遮断動作させる信号を出力させる。結果、接点部13が開動作して回路遮断器1は遮断動作する。
尚、上記形態と同様に、判定部22及び出力部23はMCU(Micro Controller Unit)3により構成されている。
When the H signal is output from the comparator circuit 31, the determination section 22 determines that a connection failure has occurred, and causes the output section 23 to output a signal that causes the blocking mechanism to perform a blocking operation. As a result, the contact portion 13 opens and the circuit breaker 1 performs a breaking operation.
Note that the determination unit 22 and the output unit 23 are configured by an MCU (Micro Controller Unit) 3 as in the above embodiment.

このように、検出した電位差をコンパレータ回路31で増幅し、増幅値を基準電位と比較して判断しても良い。差動増幅回路21の場合と同様に僅かな電位差であっても接続不良を検出することが可能であり、従来のように検出した電位差がフォトカプラをオンさせる電圧に至らなくても容易に検出できる。よって、接続不良を初期の段階で検知して電路4を遮断でき、回路遮断器1の劣化を防止できる。 Thus, the detected potential difference may be amplified by the comparator circuit 31, and the amplified value may be compared with the reference potential for determination. As in the case of the differential amplifier circuit 21, it is possible to detect a poor connection even with a slight potential difference, and even if the detected potential difference does not reach the voltage that turns on the photocoupler as in the conventional art, it can be easily detected. can. Therefore, the connection failure can be detected at an early stage and the electric path 4 can be cut off, thereby preventing deterioration of the circuit breaker 1 .

図9は、コンパレータ回路31を使用した接続不良検出回路の他の形態を示し、上記図8の構成とは基準電位を可変とした点が相違している。
具体的に、コンパレータ回路31、判定部22、出力部23に加えて、電路電流を検出する変流器7、変流器7の検出電流情報から電路電流を算出する電流計測部24、基準電位を変更する基準電位制御部28、電流と基準電位の対応関係を記憶する基準電位情報記憶部26dを備え、基準電位を設定する2つの抵抗素子R3,R4のうちの抵抗素子R3の抵抗値を変更できるデジタルポテンショメータ9aとしている。基準電位情報記憶部26dには、電路電流に基準電位が比例して変化する所定の関係が記憶されている。
FIG. 9 shows another form of the poor connection detection circuit using the comparator circuit 31, which differs from the configuration of FIG. 8 in that the reference potential is variable.
Specifically, in addition to the comparator circuit 31, the determination unit 22, and the output unit 23, the current transformer 7 that detects the circuit current, the current measurement unit 24 that calculates the circuit current from the detected current information of the current transformer 7, the reference potential and a reference potential information storage unit 26d for storing the correspondence relationship between the current and the reference potential. A changeable digital potentiometer 9a is used. The reference potential information storage unit 26d stores a predetermined relationship in which the reference potential changes in proportion to the circuit current.

基準電位制御部28は、計測した電路電流情報を基に基準電位情報記憶部26dから対応する基準電位を読み取り、抵抗素子R3を制御する。例えば、電路電流の増加に対して抵抗素子R3の値を反比例させる制御を実施し、基準電位が上昇するよう制御される。
結果、電路電流が増加すると基準電位が上昇する。
The reference potential control unit 28 reads the corresponding reference potential from the reference potential information storage unit 26d based on the measured electric circuit current information, and controls the resistance element R3. For example, control is performed so that the value of the resistance element R3 is inversely proportional to the increase in the circuit current, and the reference potential is controlled to rise.
As a result, the reference potential rises as the circuit current increases.

このように、基準電位が電路電流に比例するため、接続不良を検出する感度を電路電流に反比例させることができ、電路電流の増加に起因する電圧降下の増大による誤動作を削減できる。 In this way, since the reference potential is proportional to the circuit current, the sensitivity for detecting poor connection can be made inversely proportional to the circuit current, and malfunctions due to an increase in voltage drop caused by an increase in the circuit current can be reduced.

尚、図9では抵抗素子R3を可変として基準電位を変更しているが、電路電流の増加による誤動作を防止する構成としては、抵抗素子R3を温度に対して負特性を示す負特性サーミスタで構成し、この負特性サーミスタを電位差検出対象の接続端子10の近傍に配置しても良い。こうすることで、温度上昇に伴い抵抗素子R3の値が小さくなり、基準電位を上昇させることができる。結果、温度上昇に伴う誤動作を防止できる。しかも、電流計測部24、基準電位制御部28を設ける必要が無い。
また上記実施形態は、何れも回路遮断器1の2次側端子12に接続不良検出回路2を設けた場合を説明したが、接続不良検出回路2は1次側端子11に設けても良いし双方に設けても良い。
更に、回路遮断器1に限らず、複数の接続端子を備えた端子台に対しても上記接続不良検出回路2は適用でき、接続不良が発生したら警報を発する等の機能を追加することで回路遮断器で無くても良好に作用させることができる。
In FIG. 9, the resistance element R3 is made variable to change the reference potential. In order to prevent malfunction due to an increase in the circuit current, the resistance element R3 is composed of a negative characteristic thermistor that exhibits a negative characteristic with respect to temperature. However, this negative characteristic thermistor may be arranged in the vicinity of the connection terminal 10 to be subjected to potential difference detection. By doing so, the value of the resistance element R3 decreases as the temperature rises, and the reference potential can be increased. As a result, malfunction due to temperature rise can be prevented. Moreover, it is not necessary to provide the current measuring section 24 and the reference potential control section 28 .
In the above embodiments, the connection failure detection circuit 2 is provided at the secondary side terminal 12 of the circuit breaker 1. However, the connection failure detection circuit 2 may be provided at the primary side terminal 11. It may be provided on both sides.
Furthermore, the connection failure detection circuit 2 can be applied not only to the circuit breaker 1 but also to a terminal block having a plurality of connection terminals. It can work well even without a circuit breaker.

1・・回路遮断器、2・・接続不良検出回路、4・・電路、9,9a・・デジタルポテンショメータ、10・・接続端子、11・・1次側端子。12・・2次側端子、13・・接点部、21・・差動増幅回路、21a・・オペアンプ、22・・判定部、23・・出力部、24・・電流計測部、25,25a,25b・・増幅率制御部、26・・閾値記憶部、26a・・電流情報記憶部、26b・・温度差情報記憶部、26c・・温度補正情報記憶部、26d・・基準電位情報記憶部、27・・温度計測部(端子温度計測部、周囲温度計測部)、27a・・温度計測部、31・・コンパレータ、31a・・オペアンプ、H・・ハウジング。 1 circuit breaker, 2 poor connection detection circuit, 4 electric circuit, 9, 9a digital potentiometer, 10 connection terminal, 11 primary side terminal. 12 Secondary side terminal 13 Contact portion 21 Differential amplifier circuit 21a Operational amplifier 22 Judgment portion 23 Output portion 24 Current measurement portion 25, 25a, 25b... amplification factor control section, 26... threshold storage section, 26a... current information storage section, 26b... temperature difference information storage section, 26c... temperature correction information storage section, 26d... reference potential information storage section, 27... Temperature measuring part (terminal temperature measuring part, ambient temperature measuring part), 27a... Temperature measuring part, 31... Comparator, 31a... Operational amplifier, H... Housing.

Claims (8)

電路を接続する接続端子の接続不良を検出する接続不良検出回路であって、
前記接続端子で発生する電位差を検出する電位差検出回路と、
検出した電位差が所定の閾値を超えたら接続不良発生と判断する判定部とを有し、
前記電位差検出回路が、検出した電位差を増幅する差動増幅回路を備え、
前記判定部は、前記差動増幅回路が増幅した電位差を前記閾値と比較して判定することを特徴とする接続不良検出回路。
A connection failure detection circuit for detecting a connection failure of a connection terminal for connecting an electric circuit,
a potential difference detection circuit that detects a potential difference occurring at the connection terminal;
a determination unit that determines that connection failure occurs when the detected potential difference exceeds a predetermined threshold,
The potential difference detection circuit includes a differential amplifier circuit that amplifies the detected potential difference,
The poor connection detection circuit, wherein the determination unit compares the potential difference amplified by the differential amplifier circuit with the threshold value for determination.
電路電流を計測する電流計測部と、
前記差動増幅回路の増幅率を変更制御する増幅率制御部とを有し、
前記増幅率制御部は、前記電路電流に対して前記差動増幅回路の増幅率を所定の率で反比例させる制御を実施することを特徴とする請求項1記載の接続不良検出回路。
a current measuring unit that measures the electric circuit current;
and an amplification factor control unit for changing and controlling the amplification factor of the differential amplifier circuit,
2. The poor connection detection circuit according to claim 1, wherein said amplification factor control unit controls the amplification factor of said differential amplifier circuit to be inversely proportional to said circuit current at a predetermined rate.
電位差検出対象の接続端子の温度を計測する端子温度計測部と、
周囲の環境温度を計測する周囲温度計測部と、
温度差と電路電流の関係を記憶する温度差情報記憶部と、
前記差動増幅回路の増幅率を変更制御する増幅率制御部とを有し、
前記増幅率制御部は、前記接続端子の温度と前記環境温度との温度差を求め、前記温度差から電路電流を換算し、換算した電路電流に対して前記差動増幅回路の増幅率を所定の率で反比例させる制御を実施することを特徴とする請求項1記載の接続不良検出回路。
a terminal temperature measurement unit that measures the temperature of the connection terminal to be detected for the potential difference;
an ambient temperature measurement unit that measures the ambient temperature;
a temperature difference information storage unit that stores the relationship between the temperature difference and the circuit current;
and an amplification factor control unit for changing and controlling the amplification factor of the differential amplifier circuit,
The amplification factor control unit obtains a temperature difference between the temperature of the connection terminal and the ambient temperature, converts the temperature difference into a circuit current, and sets a predetermined amplification factor of the differential amplifier circuit for the converted circuit current. 2. The poor connection detection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the control is inversely proportional to the rate of .
電位差検出対象の接続端子の温度を計測する端子温度計測部と、
温度と前記差動増幅回路の増幅率の関係を記憶する温度補正情報記憶部と、
前記差動増幅回路の増幅率を変更制御する増幅率制御部と、を有し、
前記増幅率制御部は、前記接続端子の計測温度を基に、前記温度補正情報記憶部を参照して温度が上昇したら前記差動増幅回路の増幅率を下げる制御を行うことを特徴とする請求項1記載の接続不良検出回路。
a terminal temperature measurement unit that measures the temperature of the connection terminal to be detected for the potential difference;
a temperature correction information storage unit that stores the relationship between the temperature and the amplification factor of the differential amplifier circuit;
and an amplification factor control unit that changes and controls the amplification factor of the differential amplifier circuit,
The amplification factor control unit refers to the temperature correction information storage unit based on the measured temperature of the connection terminal, and performs control to decrease the amplification factor of the differential amplifier circuit when the temperature rises. Item 2. The poor connection detection circuit according to item 1.
電路を電気的に接続する接続端子の接続不良を検出する接続不良検出回路であって、
前記接続端子で発生する電位差を検出する電位差検出回路と、
検出した前記電位差が設定された基準電位を超えたら接続不良発生と判断して所定の信号を出力する判定部とを有し、
前記電位差検出回路が、検出した電位差を増幅するためのコンパレータ回路を備えていることを特徴とする接続不良検出回路。
A connection failure detection circuit for detecting a connection failure of a connection terminal that electrically connects an electric circuit,
a potential difference detection circuit that detects a potential difference occurring at the connection terminal;
a determination unit that determines that connection failure occurs and outputs a predetermined signal when the detected potential difference exceeds a set reference potential;
A poor connection detection circuit, wherein the potential difference detection circuit includes a comparator circuit for amplifying the detected potential difference.
電路電流を計測する電流計測部と、
前記コンパレータ回路の前記基準電位を変更する基準電位制御部と、を有し、
前記基準電位制御部は、前記電路電流に対して前記基準電位を所定の率で比例させる制御を実施することを特徴とする請求項5記載の接続不良検出回路。
a current measuring unit that measures the electric circuit current;
a reference potential control section for changing the reference potential of the comparator circuit;
6. The poor connection detection circuit according to claim 5, wherein the reference potential control unit performs control to make the reference potential proportional to the circuit current at a predetermined rate.
前記コンパレータ回路の前記基準電位を設定する抵抗素子を負特性サーミスタにより構成し、前記負特性サーミスタを電位差検出対象の接続端子近傍に配置し、
前記コンパレータ回路の基準電位が、前記接続端子の温度により変化することを特徴とする請求項5記載の接続不良検出回路。
A resistive element for setting the reference potential of the comparator circuit is composed of a negative-characteristic thermistor, and the negative-characteristic thermistor is arranged near a connection terminal to be subjected to potential difference detection,
6. A poor connection detection circuit according to claim 5, wherein the reference potential of said comparator circuit changes according to the temperature of said connection terminal.
1次側端子及び2次側端子と、両端子の間に配設された電路を遮断する遮断機構部とを有し、前記電路に過電流が流れたら前記遮断機構部が遮断動作する回路遮断器であって、
前記請求項1乃至7の何れかに記載の接続不良検出回路が、前記1次側端子及び前記2次側端子のうちの少なくとも一方に設けられ、
前記接続不良検出回路が接続不良発生と判断したら、前記遮断機構部が遮断動作することを特徴とする回路遮断器。
A circuit breaker having a primary side terminal, a secondary side terminal, and a breaker mechanism for breaking an electric circuit disposed between the terminals, wherein the breaker mechanism performs a break operation when an overcurrent flows in the electric circuit. a vessel,
The connection failure detection circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is provided in at least one of the primary side terminal and the secondary side terminal,
A circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that, when said faulty connection detection circuit determines that faulty connection has occurred, said breaker mechanism performs a breaking operation.
JP2022019022A 2022-02-09 2022-02-09 Connection failure detection circuit and circuit breaker Pending JP2023116293A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2022019022A JP2023116293A (en) 2022-02-09 2022-02-09 Connection failure detection circuit and circuit breaker

Publications (1)

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JP2023116293A true JP2023116293A (en) 2023-08-22

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