JP2023106271A - Cutting system - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a cutting system capable of highly accurately and quickly processing a block body into a triangular or wedge shape without performing a scribing operation on a block body.SOLUTION: A cutting system comprises a gripping device 1 for gripping a block body 4, a cradle 24 including a processing blade 2, and a guide mechanism 3 for movably holding the gripping device 1 with respect to the cradle 24. The gripping device 1 includes a bottom part 9 having a bottom surface 9a in contact with a first surface 5 of the block body 4, a first reference member 10 having a first reference surface 10a in contact with a second surface 6 of the block body 4, a second reference member 11 having a second reference surface 11a in contact with a third surface 7 of the block body 4 or a point on the third surface 7, and a shaft member 12, serving as a rotation support for rotatably supporting the first reference surface 10a, with an axis extending perpendicularly to the bottom surface 9a used as a rotation center.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 7

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a cutting system, and for example, to a cutting system suitable for cutting an artificial bone to fill a gap in an open portion of an osteotomy.

In knees deformed by osteoarthritis or the like, there are cases where the cartilage on only one side is painful due to the concentrated load of the knee on one side.

A peri-knee osteotomy is a surgical procedure in which an incision is made in the tibia or femur to open or close the bone to correct the alignment of the knee and shift the load-bearing position to a pain-free area. There are surgical methods, one of which is a method in which the tip of an incision made in the bone is used as a rotation axis to open and correct the bone.

In this method, since a gap occurs in the open part of the bone after alignment correction, it is fixed with a metal plate and screws to maintain the corrected position, and the gap is supplemented with artificial bone to reinforce it. ing.

The shape of this space varies depending on the bone morphology and the amount of correction. It is necessary to compensate for artificial bone that comes into contact with a wide area.

The artificial bone is cut during surgery and adjusted to a shape that matches the gap. Conventionally, for example, the jig described in Patent Document 1 below is known as a jig used at this time.

JP 2016-214478 A

For the shape of the artificial bone to be filled in the osteotomy, the correction amount for appropriate correction is plotted in the preoperative plan based on the X-ray information, and the bone correction angle, bone end and rotation at that time are calculated. It is determined by measuring the distance from the center, or by measuring the angle of the dilation part when actually corrected during surgery, the dilation width, the distance from the correction center of the width measurement part, and the like. The correction angle and opening width at the time of surgery can be measured with a goniometer, vernier caliper, or ruler, and the distance from the center of rotation can be calculated from the amount of wire or the like inserted.

When processing the artificial bone using the jig described in Patent Document 1, after marking the cutting position using a skin pen or the like so as to obtain the shape determined by the above method, on the marking line It is necessary to make fine adjustments so that the processing blade passes through.

Therefore, even if the shape of the artificial bone to be processed is optimal, there are differences in the accuracy of the scribed lines, the difference in recognition of which position on the line the blade should pass through, and the artificial bone to the blade passing part. Due to the accuracy of the installation operation, there is an inconvenience that an error may occur, and if this operation is performed carefully, the operation time will be extended.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above points, it is an object of the present invention to provide a cutting system capable of processing a block into a triangular or wedge shape with high precision and speed without performing a marking operation on the block.

In order to achieve such an object, the present invention provides a cutting system for cutting a block body having a first surface, a second surface, and a third surface that intersect with each other using a cutting tool, the cutting system comprising: A gripping device for gripping a body, a cradle provided with the cutting tool, and a guide mechanism for holding the gripping device movably relative to the cradle, wherein the gripping device comprises the a bottom having a bottom surface in contact with the first surface of the block; a first reference member having a first reference surface in contact with the second surface of the block; and a third surface of the block or on the third surface. a second reference member having a second reference surface in contact with one point; and a rotation support portion rotatably supporting the first reference surface about an axis extending perpendicularly to the bottom surface. wherein the first reference member has a support receiving portion connected to the rotation support portion; the second reference member is connected to the first reference member; and the gripping device moves relative to the processing blade on the cradle to move the first surface of the gripped block body to It is characterized by being processed so as to be divided.

According to the present invention, the block body is fixed to the bottom by the gripping device, the first reference member is rotated about the axis extending perpendicularly to the bottom surface, and the first reference surface of the first reference member is rotated. and the direction of cutting by the processing blade is set to a desired angle, so that the block can be processed into a triangular or wedge shape with high precision and speed without performing a marking operation on the block. can.

Further, in the present invention, the gripping device has a top plate facing the bottom surface of the bottom portion, and the top plate is brought into contact with the block body so that the top plate and the bottom surface form the block. It is characterized in that it is configured to fix the body. According to the top plate, the block body can be firmly fixed by sandwiching it with the bottom part.

Further, the top plate is divided into two so as to straddle the passing portion of the processing blade. According to this, it is possible to prevent interference with the top plate due to passage of the processing blade.

Further, in the present invention, a rod portion having the shaft as a center axis can be adopted as the rotation support portion of the gripping device.

Furthermore, in the present invention, a substantially arc-shaped rail centered on the shaft can be employed as the rotation support portion of the gripping device.

Further, in the present invention, the rotation support portion and the support receiving portion are composed of a first column extending parallel to the bottom portion of the bottom portion and a first column extending vertically upward with respect to the bottom portion of the bottom portion. 2 supports, and is arranged at an upper position on the bottom so as not to intersect with the block. According to this, it is possible to prevent interference between the rotation support portion, the support receiving portion, and the cutting tool.

Moreover, in the present invention, it is preferable to have an angle display section for displaying an angle formed by the first reference member and the passing section of the processing blade. According to this, when the block body is set, the angle display portion can be easily confirmed, and smooth work becomes possible.

Moreover, in the present invention, it is preferable to have a length display section for displaying the distance between the second reference surface of the second reference member and the shaft. According to this, when setting the block body, it is possible to easily confirm the length display portion, and smooth work becomes possible.

Further, the present invention is characterized in that the shaft is present on the passing portion of the cutting tool. According to this, the block body can be processed with high accuracy.

Further, in the present invention, the shaft is present on the side surface of the cutting tool or on a surface in contact with the side surface. According to this, the block body can be processed with higher accuracy by considering the thickness of the cutting tool.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The side view which shows schematic structure of embodiment of this invention. A perspective view of a block body. 3A is a plan view of the gripping device, and FIG. 3B is a side view of FIG. 3A. 4A is an explanatory plan view of the main part of the gripping device, and FIG. 4B is a side view of FIG. 4A. The top view of a cradle. Explanatory drawing which shows the state after osteotomy around a knee joint. FIG. 4 is an explanatory plan view of the state of use of the main part of the gripping device; 8A is a plan view showing the operation of the cutting system, FIG. 8B is a plan view showing the operation following FIG. 8A, and FIG. 8C is an explanatory view showing the state of the artificial bone on the grasping device of FIG. 8B. FIG. 9A is a plan view of a cut surface of the tibia after osteotomy, and FIG. 9B is a diagram showing a state of filling with artificial bone. 10A is a plan view of a gripping device of another embodiment, and FIG. 10B is a side view of FIG. 10A. 11A is a plan view of a gripping device of another embodiment, and FIG. 11B is a side view of FIG. 11A. The top view of the modification of FIG. The top view which shows the example of the scale provided in the bottom surface of a bottom part.

One embodiment of the present invention will be described based on the drawings. As shown in FIG. 1, the cutting system of this embodiment includes a gripping device 1 that grips a block, a processing blade 2 that cuts the block, and a guide mechanism 3 that guides movement of the gripping device 1. ing.

The block 4 to be processed in this embodiment is a rectangular thick plate material as shown in FIG. The cutting system of the present embodiment cuts out from the block body 4 an artificial bone to be filled in a gap opened by cutting the bone by osteotomy. In this embodiment, the wide surface corresponding to the surface of the block 4 is defined as the first surface 5, the thickness surface on the long side is defined as the second surface 6, and the thickness surface on the short side is defined as the third surface 7. and

The block 4 used as an artificial bone is desirably made of ceramics, and it is particularly desirable to use bioceramics such as alumina, zirconia, calcium phosphate compounds, calcium carbonate compounds and the like. Ceramic blocks can be easily processed. Note that the block body 4 is not limited to this, and may be formed of a harvested bone or other material.

Next, the configuration of the cutting system of this embodiment will be described. The gripping device 1 includes a top plate 8, a bottom portion 9, a first reference member 10, and a second reference member 11, as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B.

3A is a plan view showing the grasping device 1 whose upper surface is covered with a top plate 8. FIG. 4A is an explanatory plan view in which the top plate 8 is removed to expose the main components of the grasping device 1 for convenience of explanation. is.

As shown in FIG. 4A , the bottom portion 9 is formed in a rectangular shape elongated in one direction in a plan view, and the flat top surface serves as a bottom surface 9 a in contact with the first surface 5 of the block body 4 . That is, the block body 4 is placed on the bottom portion 9 of the gripping device 1 . A slit extending in the longitudinal direction is formed in the central portion of the bottom portion 9 . This slit is provided as a passing portion 9b through which the processing blade 2 passes.

As shown in FIG. 4A, the first reference member 10 is formed in a shape extending in the longitudinal direction of the bottom portion 9, and has a first reference surface 10a on one side that contacts the second surface of the block body. . The first reference member 10 has its base end rotatably pivoted by a rod-shaped shaft member 12, and its tip portion points to the inner surface of a curved arc member 13. As shown in FIG. The shaft member 12 is supported by a support receiving portion 14 .

The circular arc member 13 is provided with an angle display portion 15 that indicates the angle of the first reference plane 10a with respect to the passing portion 9b of the cutting tool 2 . In this embodiment, the arc member 13 is provided with the angle display portion 15, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, although not shown, the angle display portion 15 may be displayed directly on the bottom surface 9a of the bottom portion 9. FIG.

The center of the shaft member 12 serves as the axis of the rotating first reference member 10, and the shaft member 12 is a rod portion and corresponds to a rotation support portion in the present invention.

By rotating the knob 16, the shaft member 12 can fix the rotation of the first reference member 10 at a desired position (a desired angle with respect to the passing portion 9b of the cutting tool 2). Although not shown, the arc member 13 may be configured to guide the distal end side of the first reference member 10 in an arc. According to this, the angle of the first reference plane 10a can be set to a desired angle without providing the shaft member 12 . In this configuration, the arc member corresponds to the rail of the invention.

4B, the shaft member 12 is supported by the first strut 17 and the second strut 18 together with the support receiving portion 14. As shown in FIG.

The first struts 17 extend parallel to the bottom surface 9 a of the bottom part 9 , and the second struts 18 extend vertically upwards relative to the bottom surface 9 a of the bottom part 9 . The first strut 17 supports the shaft member 12 on the passing portion 9b of the processing blade 2 in plan view. The second strut 18 extends downward from a position that intersects the shaft member 12 and is shifted to one side, and its lower end is connected to the base end of the first reference member 10 .

Thus, the shaft member 12 is supported at a position higher than the block 4 placed on the bottom 9 by the first support 17 and the second support 18, and the first reference member 10 is It is supported at a position shifted to one side of the passing portion 9b of the processing blade 2 (see FIG. 4A).

As shown in FIG. 4A, the second reference member 11 is connected to the first reference member 10, and the second reference surface 11a that contacts the third surface 7 of the block 4 or a point on the third surface 7. on one side.

The second reference member 11 is provided movably along the longitudinal direction of the first reference member 10 and has a rod-shaped operating portion 19 extending laterally outward of the bottom portion 9 .

The operating portion 19 can slide the second reference member 11 along the longitudinal direction of the first reference member 10 , and rotate the operating portion 19 to move the second reference member 11 to the first position. can be fixed at any desired position in the longitudinal direction of the reference member 10.

The operation part 19 is preferably formed in a size that extends outward from one side edge of the bottom part 9 in the horizontal direction, so that the operation part 19 can be operated without the bottom part 9 becoming an obstacle. can be done.

Further, the first reference member 10 is provided with a length display portion 20 that indicates the distance from the center of the shaft member 12 to the second reference surface 11a.

As shown in FIG. 3B, the top plate 8 is positioned above the bottom surface 9a of the bottom portion 9 and is provided in parallel to face the bottom surface 9a of the bottom portion 9. As shown in FIG. The top plate 8 is gripped and fixed with the block body 4 sandwiched between the top plate 8 and the bottom surface 9a.

As shown in FIG. 3A, a pair of top plates 8 are provided on both sides of the bottom portion 9 via slits (passing portions 9b for the processing blade 2 to pass through) formed in the bottom portion 9. is provided at the tip of the through a hinge 21 so as to be able to swing in the upright direction. Thereby, only one side of the top plate 8 can be swung in the upright direction to expose the first reference member 10 and the second reference member 11 .

The top plate 8 may come into direct contact with the block body 4, but a resin (not shown) such as silicon rubber may be provided in the contact area with the block body 4. FIG. As a result, damage to the block 4 can be prevented, and even when each surface of the block 4 has irregularities, it can be gripped.

In addition, notches 22 are formed in the top plate 8 at positions corresponding to the shaft member 12, the support receiving portion 14, and the first struts 17, so that the shaft member 12 and the support receiving portion 14 are connected to the top plate. 8 does not interfere.

The first reference member 10 and the second reference member 11 are formed so that their height dimension is lower than that of the top plate 8 , so that the block body 4 is securely held between the top plate 8 and the bottom portion 9 . so that it can be gripped by the user.

Furthermore, it is preferable that the gripping device 1 is provided with a rod-shaped handle 23 . According to this, it is possible to easily perform a moving operation on the guide mechanism 3, which will be described later.

As shown in FIG. 5 , the processing blade 2 and the guide mechanism 3 are integrally connected by a cradle 24 . For convenience of explanation, FIG. 5 is a plan view of the state of FIG. 1 with the gripping device removed.

The cutting tool 2 is attached to the tip of a rotating shaft 26 extending from a driving portion 25 supported by a cradle 24 . The cutting tool 2 employed in this embodiment is a circular saw used in orthopedic surgery such as open fracture surgery, artificial joint replacement, and ligament rupture surgery.

The guide mechanism 3 has a pair of linear rails 27 extending in parallel. The cutting tool 2 is positioned at the center of both linear rails 27 and the axis of the rotary shaft 26 is set perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of both linear rails 27 . Both linear rails 27 slide and guide the gripping device 1 .

Next, the processing steps using the cutting system of the present embodiment will be described with an artificial bone for peri-knee osteotomy as an example.

As shown in FIG. 6, the dimension of the artificial bone corresponding to the gap W formed by correction after osteotomy is determined. Specifically, the osteotomy length dimension (base dimension X) and the angle (corrected angle θ) when corrected with the end P of the gap W as the center of rotation are obtained.

If the correction angle θ is unknown, the correction angle θ is calculated using the base dimension X and the wide opening dimension Z. If the base dimension X is unknown, the correction angle θ and the wide opening dimension Z are calculated. can be used to calculate the base dimension X.

Next, as shown in FIG. 7, the first reference member 10 of the gripping device 1 is rotated and fixed when the angle of the first reference surface 10a matches the correction angle θ. The angle of the first reference plane 10a can be easily confirmed by the angle display portion 15 of the arc member 13. As shown in FIG.

Similarly, the second reference member 11 is slid and fixed when the position of the second reference surface 11a coincides with the dimension X of the bottom side. The position and dimension of the second reference surface 11a can be easily confirmed by the length display portion 20 of the first reference member 10. As shown in FIG.

Next, the block body 4 is placed on the bottom portion 9 . At this time, the second surface 6 of the block 4 is brought into contact with the first reference surface 10a of the first reference member 10, and a portion of the third surface 7 of the block 4 (the edge on the corner portion side) is The second reference member 11 is brought into contact with the second reference surface 11a.

Subsequently, the gripping device 1 with the top plate 8 closed and the block body 4 gripped is set on the upstream side of the guide mechanism 3 (the initial position away from the processing blade 2), as shown in FIG. 8A.

Then, as shown in FIG. 8B, while the cutting tool 2 is being rotated, the grasping device 1 on the guide mechanism 3 is slid downstream by being guided by the straight rails 27 . As a result, the block 4 passes through the cutting tool 2, and an artificial bone 4a cut from the block 4 is obtained as shown in FIG. 8C with the top plate 8 removed.

By the way, the usage of the gripping device 1 will be further explained with reference to FIG. If the shape is a triangle and the base dimension X is larger than the length dimension of the second surface 6 of the block 4, the artificial bone cut out from the block 4 will be a quadrangle.

At this time, since the higher side is the end side of the bone, it is possible to obtain an artificial bone having a shape suitable for filling in the vicinity of the cortical bone.

Further, as shown in FIG. 9A, since the cross-sectional shape of the tibia formed by peri-knee osteotomy is approximately triangular in plan view, the base dimension X varies depending on the measurement position (marks X1, X2, See the dimension indicated by X3). Although the correction angle θ does not change depending on the measurement position, since the base dimension X is different, the opening wide dimension Z is also different.

In such a case, referring to FIG. 7, the second reference surface 11a is positioned at a position larger than the base dimension X, and the second reference member 11 is fixed. As a result, as shown in FIG. 9B, a slightly longer artificial bone 4a can be produced, and by cutting off the protruding portion 4b after filling, the artificial bone 4a can be properly extended to the edge of the bone indicated by the dashed line in the figure. It is possible to supplement.

As described above, by using a cutting system equipped with the gripping device 1, it is possible to quickly obtain a high-precision artificial bone 4a without scribing the blocks.

In the present embodiment, processing of the artificial bone when filling the gap generated during bone correction has been described. Triangles and quadrilaterals with

Also, in the cutting system of the present invention, each part is preferably formed by selectively using a metal material such as stainless steel, titanium, or a titanium alloy. Moreover, it is preferable that a part thereof is made of a resin such as silicon rubber.

In addition, the cutting tool used in the cutting system of the present invention may be of various types such as manual type, electric type and pneumatic type. If the diameter of the rotary blade is smaller than 25 mm, an uncut portion may occur in the thickness direction.

Moreover, as a preferable positional relationship between the top plate of the gripping device and the processing blade in the cutting system of the present invention, it is possible to set the processing blade so that it does not protrude from the top plate.

Further, when the cutting system of the present invention is used for processing a prosthesis for artificial bone in bone correction surgery, the passage of the processing blade corresponding to the correction angle after osteotomy and the first reference plane The adjustment range and reading range of the formed angle may be 2° to 25°, more preferably 3° to 15°. The adjustment range and reading range from the axis of the first reference member corresponding to the base dimension after osteotomy to the second reference plane may be 30 mm to 90 mm, preferably 40 mm to 75 mm. This makes the cutting system compact and suitable for use in the surgical field.

On the other hand, when the block is a rectangular parallelepiped, by setting the angle formed by the path of the cutting tool and the first reference plane to 90°, the block can be accurately divided into a plurality of pieces. It can be divided into rectangular parallelepipeds, and a plurality of artificial bones can be produced by using a plurality of blocks divided from one block as materials.

In addition, if the width of the surface of the second reference surface of the second reference member in contact with the third surface of the block material is large, it interferes with the path through which the cutting tool passes. is 2.5 mm to 4.5 mm. As a result, the contact area with the block can be ensured and the block can be reliably fixed.

Also, in order to define the fixed position of the block, it is preferable that the angle at which the first and second reference planes intersect coincides with the angle at which the first and second surfaces of the block intersect.

As another embodiment, a gripping device with the simplest configuration is shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B. This one includes a bottom portion 9, a first reference member 10, and a second reference member 11. Since the shaft member 12 exists at the end of the passage portion 9b of the working blade, the artificial plate can be made from a block body. Bones are square.

Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B, by adopting a configuration in which the shaft member 12 is offset below the passing portion 9b of the processing blade 2 and the processing blade is moved above the bottom portion 9, the processing blade and the shaft Interference with the member 12 can be prevented.

Further, as shown in FIG. 12, a scale 28 may be provided on the second reference member 11. FIG. According to this, it is possible to confirm the scale 28 and adjust the first reference member 10 and the second reference member 11 according to the opening width after osteotomy.

The scale 28 can be rotated via a pivot 29 to a position away from the passing portion 9b, or can be detachably provided to prevent interference with the cutting tool.

Further, as shown in FIG. 13, the bottom surface 9a of the bottom portion 9 may be provided with a scale 30 indicating the distance from the passing portion 9b. This also makes it possible to adjust the first reference member 10 and the second reference member 11 easily and with high precision according to the opening width after osteotomy.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 grasping device 2 processing blade 3 guide mechanism 4 block body 5 first surface 6 second surface 7 third surface 8 top plate 9 bottom 9a bottom surface 9b passage portion 10 first Reference member 10a First reference surface 11 Second reference member 11a Second reference surface 12 Shaft member (rotation support portion, rod portion)
REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 14: Support receiving portion 17: First strut 18: Second strut 24: Receptacle

In order to achieve this object, the present invention provides a method for forming a wedge- shaped artificial bone by cutting a block body having a first surface, a second surface, and a third surface that intersect with each other using a cutting tool. A cutting system comprising a gripping device for gripping the block body, a cradle provided with the cutting tool, and a guide mechanism for holding the gripping device movably relative to the cradle. The gripping device includes: a bottom portion having a bottom surface in contact with the first surface of the block; a first reference member having a first reference surface in contact with the second surface of the block; A second reference member having a third surface or a second reference surface in contact with a point on the third surface, and a rotation center about an axis extending perpendicularly to the bottom surface, the first reference surface being rotatable. The first reference member has a support receiver connected to the rotation support, and the second reference member is connected to the first reference member. and move relatively toward the shaft along the first reference member, and the gripping device moves relative to the processing tool on the cradle to grip the tool. In the cutting system for processing to divide the first surface of the block body, the gripping device has a top plate facing the bottom surface of the bottom portion, and the top plate is brought into contact with the block body. The block body is fixed by the top plate and the bottom surface, the shaft is present on the passing portion of the processing blade, and the passing portion of the processing blade and the first The adjustment range of the angle formed with the reference plane is 2° to 25°, and the adjustment range from the axis of the first reference member to the second reference plane is 30 mm to 90 mm. characterized by

Further, the gripping device has a top plate facing the bottom surface of the bottom portion, and the block body is fixed by the top plate and the bottom surface by bringing the top plate into contact with the block body. Since it is configured as above, the block body can be firmly fixed by sandwiching the block body with the bottom part by the top plate . Furthermore, the block body can be machined with high precision by the presence of the shaft on the passing portion of the machining blade.

Claims (8)

A cutting system for cutting a block body having a first surface, a second surface, and a third surface that intersect with each other, using a cutting tool,
A gripping device for gripping the block body, a cradle provided with the processing blade, and a guide mechanism for holding the gripping device movably relative to the cradle,
The gripping device includes a bottom portion having a bottom surface in contact with the first surface of the block, a first reference member having a first reference surface in contact with the second surface of the block, and a third portion of the block. A second reference member having a second reference surface in contact with a point on the surface or the third surface, and rotatably supporting the first reference surface about an axis extending perpendicularly to the bottom surface. and a rotating support portion for
The first reference member has a support receiving portion connected to the rotation support portion,
the second reference member is connected to the first reference member and configured to move relative to the axis along the first reference member;
A cutting system characterized in that the first surface of the gripped block body is cut by moving the gripping device relative to the cutting tool on the cradle. The gripping device has a top plate facing the bottom surface of the bottom,
2. The cutting system according to claim 1, wherein the block body is fixed by the top plate and the bottom surface by bringing the top plate into contact with the block body. 3. The cutting system according to claim 2, wherein the top plate is divided into two so as to straddle the passing portion of the cutting tool. 4. The cutting system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the rotation support part of the gripping device comprises a rod part having the axis as a central axis. 5. The cutting system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the rotation support portion of the gripping device comprises a substantially arc-shaped rail centered on the axis. The rotation support portion and the support receiving portion are supported by a first support column extending in parallel along the bottom surface portion of the bottom portion and a second support column extending vertically upward with respect to the bottom surface portion of the bottom portion. 6. The cutting system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the cutting system is located above the bottom so as not to intersect with the block body. 7. The cutting system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the shaft is present on the passing portion of the cutting tool. 8. The cutting system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the shaft is present on the side surface of the cutting tool or on a surface in contact with the side surface.

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