JP2023032729A - Thermal decomposition facility - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a thermal decomposition facility capable of effectively using biomass and waste plastics to efficiently obtain components of a fuel and a chemical raw material.SOLUTION: A thermal decomposition facility 1 carbonizes biomass by carbonization means 2 to obtain carbide, while thermally decomposing waste plastics by thermal decomposition means 3 and adsorption means 4 to produce heavy components (liquid and solid at room temperature) and a pyrolysis gas, and in addition, the thermal decomposition facility adsorbs the heavy components to solid carbide to obtain light components (high-grade thermal decomposition gas) from which the heavy components are separated, and carbide that has a calorific value secured by adsorbing the heavy components.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to pyrolysis equipment using biomass and waste plastic as raw materials.

In recent years, there has been a demand for reducing greenhouse gas emissions resulting from the use of fossil fuels. On the other hand, carbon resources are utilized as various raw materials and fuels in society, and have become indispensable. There is a demand for the development of technologies that contribute to resource environment while reducing greenhouse gas emissions by diversifying available carbon resources.

In order to diversify carbon resources by partially substituting coal for power generation and various industries, use of carbonized biomass is considered as one means (Patent Document 1). Moreover, in order to diversify carbon resources as a partial substitute for petroleum in the chemical industry, use of pyrolysis products of waste plastics is considered as one means (Patent Document 2).

Carbonization of biomass improves grindability and is effective as a substitute for coal. However, the current situation is that a considerable amount of volatile matter is generated during thermal decomposition for carbonization, and part of the original calorific value is lost. In addition, although the thermal decomposition of waste plastics is carried out for the purpose of converting them into oil, etc., heavy components such as residues and sludge are hardly used at present. In particular, since heavy oil causes clogging of pipes, etc., heavy components obtained by thermal decomposition of waste plastics are decomposed and removed by a catalyst or the like, or are removed by a separate device.

Therefore, the actual situation is that there is room for various ideas regarding the use of biomass as a substitute for fossil fuels and the use of waste plastics.

JP 2012-31356 A Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2007-246912

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a pyrolysis facility that can effectively utilize biomass and waste plastics and efficiently obtain the components of fuels and chemical raw materials. .

Specifically, it is intended to provide a pyrolysis facility that can obtain pyrolysis gas as a light component and a carbonized substance with a high calorific value by adsorbing a heavy component using biomass and waste plastic as raw materials. aim.

A pyrolysis facility according to claim 1 for achieving the above object is provided with a carbonization means for carbonizing biomass to obtain a carbonized material, a carbonized material obtained by the carbonizing means, and a waste plastic, and A pyrolysis adsorption means (thermal decomposition means and adsorption means) for thermally decomposing waste plastics to generate heavy components and gas, and adsorbing the heavy components to the carbonized material. and

In the present invention according to claim 1, while biomass is carbonized by the carbonization means to obtain a charcoal, the waste plastic is thermally decomposed by the pyrolysis adsorption means (thermal decomposition means and adsorption means) to decompose heavy components (100 ° C. Liquid, solid below) and gas are produced, and heavy components are adsorbed on the solid char. The light components (high-grade gas) from which the heavy components are separated and the carbides to which the heavy components are adsorbed and whose calorific value is ensured are used as fuel and chemical raw materials.

Biomass includes woody biomass such as forest residue, thinned wood, unused trees, lumber waste, and construction waste, unused biomass such as rice, straw, and rice husks, waste paper, livestock manure, food residue, and sludge. of waste biomass can be used.

This makes it possible to effectively utilize biomass and waste plastics and efficiently obtain the components of fuels and chemical raw materials.

Further, the pyrolysis equipment of the present invention according to claim 2 is the pyrolysis equipment according to claim 1, wherein the carbonization means receives the biomass from one end, and conveys the input biomass to the other end. and a first heating means for covering the first heating body and heating the inside of the first heating body to a desired temperature, wherein the pyrolysis adsorption means comprises the first heating The charcoalized material discharged from the other end of the main body and the waste plastic are introduced from one end, and the introduced waste plastic and the charcoalized material are transported to the other end, where the waste plastic is thermally decomposed into heavy components. and a second heating body for obtaining a gas and adsorbing the heavy component on the carbide, and a second heating means for covering the second heating body and heating the inside of the second heating body to a desired temperature. and from the end of the second heating body, the carbonized material to which the heavy components are adsorbed and the light components, which are products of the waste plastic from which the heavy components have been separated, are discharged. Characterized by

In the present invention according to claim 2, the first heating unit heats the first heating unit to carbonize the biomass, and the second heating unit heats the second heating unit to thermally decompose the waste plastics to generate heavy components. is separated and the heavy components are adsorbed on the char. Carbide in which the heavy components are adsorbed to secure a calorific value, and pyrolysis gas from which the heavy components are separated (light components: ethylene, etc.) are discharged as fuel and chemical raw materials.

The second heating main body heated by the second heating means is configured to be adjusted (cooled) to a temperature at which heavy components are adsorbed by the carbide. For example, the second heating main body preferably has a configuration in which the upstream side is heated by the second heating means and the downstream side portion is not heated by the second heating means. It is also possible to provide cooling means for adjusting the temperature to promote adsorption.

In other words, the facility of the present invention according to claim 2 has a carbonization means for carbonizing biomass and a pyrolysis adsorption means for thermally decomposing waste plastics and causing carbonized matter to adsorb heavy components. In order to increase the amount of heavy components adsorbed on the carbide, it is conceivable to activate the carbide (partially gasify it with air or water vapor). In addition, when the first heating main body is not supplied with biomass, the used charcoal can be activated and reused.

For the first heating main body and the second heating main body, rotary kiln equipment, equipment using an electric furnace, or the like can be applied. The pyrolysis gas obtained in the first heating main body can be used as a combustion gas as a heating source for the first heating means. Excess heat from the first heating means can be used as a heat source for the second heating means.

The thermal decomposition equipment of the present invention according to claim 3 is the thermal decomposition equipment according to claim 1, wherein the carbonization means and the thermal decomposition adsorption means have an inner cylinder into which the waste plastic is introduced from one end. and a front cylinder body portion that is arranged on the outer periphery of the inner cylinder portion and is composed of an outer cylinder portion into which the biomass is introduced from one end; a first heating unit for heating the front cylinder main body to a temperature at which the introduced biomass is carbonized and the waste plastic introduced into the inner cylinder is thermally decomposed; a rear cylinder body into which products generated by thermal decomposition of the carbonized material of the outer cylinder and the waste plastic of the inner cylinder are carried; a second heating unit for heating the rear cylinder main body to a temperature at which heavy components, which are products of the waste plastic, are adsorbed onto the carbonized material; It is characterized in that the carbonized matter with the heavy components adsorbed thereon and the light components that are products of the waste plastic from which the heavy components have been separated are discharged.

In the present invention according to claim 3, the first heating unit heats the front cylinder main body (for example, 600° C. to 800° C.) to carbonize the biomass in the outer cylinder and waste plastic in the inner cylinder. thermally decomposed. Carbide and products (heavy components and light components) generated by thermal decomposition are sent to the rear cylinder main body, and the second heating unit causes the heavy components, which are products of the waste plastic, to be adsorbed on the charcoal. The rear cylinder main body is heated to a temperature (for example, 100° C. or lower). Heavy components are adsorbed on the charcoal, pyrolysis gas (light component: ethylene, etc.) is obtained from which the heavy components are separated, and the charcoal and the heavy components are secured by the adsorption of the heavy components to ensure a calorific value. The separated pyrolysis gas (light components: ethylene, etc.) is discharged as fuel and chemical components.

In other words, the facility of the present invention according to claim 3 is composed of one facility that includes a carbonization means for carbonizing biomass and a pyrolysis adsorption means that thermally decomposes waste plastic and causes the carbonized material to adsorb heavy components. .

The pyrolysis equipment of the present invention makes it possible to effectively use biomass and waste plastics and efficiently obtain components of fuel and chemical raw materials. Specifically, using biomass and waste plastics as raw materials, it is possible to obtain a pyrolysis gas as a light component and a carbide having a high calorific value due to adsorption of a heavy component.

1 is a schematic system diagram of a pyrolysis facility according to a first embodiment of the present invention; FIG. It is a schematic system diagram of the pyrolysis equipment which concerns on 2nd Example of this invention.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic system for explaining the overall configuration of a thermal decomposition facility according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

The pyrolysis equipment 1 of the first embodiment includes a carbonization means 2 for carbonizing biomass to obtain a carbonized material, a carbonized material obtained by the carbonization means 2, and waste plastics, and thermally decomposing the waste plastics into heavy It is composed of a thermal decomposition means 3 and an adsorption means 4 that generate components and gas and cause the carbide to adsorb heavy components (pyrolysis adsorption means).

The carbonization means 2 includes a first heating body 13 into which biomass is introduced from a first inlet 11 at one end, and the introduced biomass is sequentially transported toward a first outlet 12 at the other end to obtain a carbonized product. . The first heating body 13 is composed of a rotating body that is rotated by driving means, and the rotation of the first heating body 13 transports the biomass toward the first outlet 12 .

The first heating body 13 is covered with a first heating drum 14 (first heating means), and fuel or the like is used between the first heating body 13 and the first heating drum 14 (inside the first heating drum 14). Hot air is supplied from the combustor 15 that is in the air. By supplying hot air between the first heating main body 13 and the first heating drum 14 (inside the first heating drum 14), the biomass inside the first heating main body 13 is heated at, for example, 500°C to 800°C. Carbonized. The combustor 15 can also be supplied with pyrolysis gas generated in the first heating body 13 as fuel.

The pyrolyzing means 3 receives the carbonized material and the waste plastic discharged from the first outlet 12 of the first heating body 13 through the second inlet 21 at one end thereof, and the carbonized material and the waste plastic are It has a second heating body 23 that is sequentially conveyed toward a second outlet 22 at the other end.

The upstream side of the second heating body 23 is covered with a second heating drum 24 (second heating means), and between the second heating body 23 and the second heating drum 24 (inside the second heating drum 24), a fossil Hot air is supplied from a combustor 15 using fuel or the like, and surplus heat is supplied from the first heating main body 13 .

The adsorption unit main body 25 of the adsorption means 4 is configured to be adjusted (cooled) to a temperature (for example, 100° C. or less) at which heavy components are adsorbed.

Surplus heat is supplied between the upstream side of the second heating main body 23 and the second heating drum 24 (inside the second heating drum 24), and the waste plastic is thermally decomposed by heating to about 500° C., for example. Heavy components and pyrolysis gas (light components) are obtained. Then, the temperature of the adsorption portion main body 25 of the adsorption means 4 is lowered and the heavy components are adsorbed on the carbide.

Between the second heating body 23 and the second heating drum 24 (inside the second heating drum 24), the surplus heat from the first heating body 13 is supplied alone, or the hot air from the combustor 15 is supplied. It is also possible to supply them independently.

From the adsorption unit first outlet 26 of the adsorption means 4, the produced gas (ethylene, etc.), which is the light component (high-grade gas) from which the heavy component has been separated, is discharged and used as a fuel/chemical raw material. Further, from the second adsorption section outlet section 27 of the adsorption means 4, the carbonized material, in which the heavy components are adsorbed and the calorific value is ensured, is discharged and used as a fuel/chemical raw material.

The pyrolysis equipment 1 configured as described above has separate carbonization means 2 for carbonizing biomass and thermal decomposition means 3 for thermally decomposing waste plastics and causing the carbonized matter to adsorb heavy components. In order to increase the amount of heavy components adsorbed on the carbide, it is conceivable to activate the carbide (partially gasify it with air or water vapor). Moreover, when no biomass is supplied to the first heating main body 13, the used charcoal can be activated and reused.

In the above-described pyrolysis equipment 1, biomass is carbonized by the carbonization means 2 to obtain carbides, while waste plastics are pyrolyzed by the pyrolysis means 3 to produce heavy components (liquid and solid at 100° C. or less), and A pyrolysis gas is generated, and heavy components are adsorbed on the solid carbide by the adsorption means 4 . As a result, the light components (high-grade pyrolysis gas) from which the heavy components have been separated and the carbides to which the heavy components have been adsorbed and whose calorific value has been ensured can be used as fuels and chemical raw materials.

This makes it possible to effectively utilize biomass and waste plastics and efficiently obtain the components of fuels and chemical raw materials.

Biomass includes woody biomass such as forest residue, thinned wood, unused trees, lumber waste, and construction waste, unused biomass such as rice, straw, and rice husks, waste paper, livestock manure, food residue, It is possible to use waste biomass such as sludge.

A second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 shows a schematic system for explaining the overall construction of a thermal decomposition facility according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

The pyrolysis equipment 6 of the second embodiment includes a carbonization means 7 for carbonizing biomass to obtain a carbonized material, a carbonized material obtained by the carbonization means 7, and waste plastic, and pyrolyzes the waste plastic to produce a heavy material. It is composed of a thermal decomposition means 8 (thermal decomposition adsorption means) that generates a component and a gas, and an adsorption means (thermal decomposition adsorption means: rear cylinder main body portion 37 to be described later) that causes the carbide to adsorb heavy components. . And the carbonization means 7 and the thermal decomposition means 8 are comprised by one installation.

The carbonization means 7 and the pyrolysis means 8 are coaxially arranged on the inner cylindrical portion 32 into which the waste plastic is introduced from the first upper end portion 31, which is one end, and on the outer periphery of the inner cylindrical portion 32. It has a front cylinder main body 35 consisting of an outer cylinder 34 into which biomass is introduced from a second upper end 33 . A first heating portion 36 is arranged on the outer peripheral portion of the front cylinder body portion 35 , and the insides of the inner cylinder portion 32 and the outer cylinder portion 34 are heated to a predetermined temperature by the first heating portion 36 . The arrangement of the inner tubular portion 32 and the outer tubular portion 34 is not limited to being coaxial.

That is, the first heating unit 36 heats to a temperature at which the biomass input to the outer cylindrical portion 34 is carbonized and the waste plastic input to the inner cylindrical portion 32 is thermally decomposed. For example, the front cylinder main body 35 is heated by the first heating part 36 so that the inside of the outer cylinder part 34 is heated to 600 to 800 degrees Celsius and the inside of the inner cylinder part 32 is heated to about 500 degrees Celsius.

The heat source of the first heating unit 36 is woody biomass and waste plastic as raw materials, part of pyrolysis gas and charcoal as products, gas generated by external combustion of other fuels, or a heater using surplus electricity. Heating is possible. Alternatively, it is also possible to obtain heat by burning part of the biomass by supplying air or oxygen from the second upper end portion 33 instead of the first heating portion 36 .

A rear cylinder main body portion 37 (thermal decomposition adsorption means: adsorption means) is disposed on the lower end side, which is the other end side of the front cylinder main body portion 35 , and the outer cylinder portion 34 is attached to the rear cylinder main body portion 37 (adsorption means). The generated carbide and waste plastic products generated by thermal decomposition in the inner cylindrical portion 32 are carried. A second heating portion 38 is arranged on the outer peripheral portion of the rear cylinder body portion 37 (adsorption means), and the inside of the rear cylinder body portion 37 (adsorption means) is heated to a predetermined temperature by the second heating portion 38 .

That is, the second heating unit 38 removes heavy components, which are products of waste plastics, and heavy components contained in pyrolysis gas derived from biomass, with respect to the carbonized material carried into the rear cylinder main body 37 (adsorption means). The inside of the rear cylinder main body 37 (adsorption means) is heated or cooled to a temperature (for example, 100° C. or less) at which the components are adsorbed.

The carbonized material with the heavy components adsorbed thereon is discharged from the outlet 39 of the rear cylinder main body 37 (adsorbing means), and is used as a fuel or chemical raw material. Further, from the outlet portion 39 of the rear cylinder main body portion 37, generated gas (ethylene, etc.) as pyrolysis gas, which is a light component (high-grade gas) from which the heavy component has been separated, is discharged. used as

The pyrolysis equipment 6 configured as described above includes a carbonization means 7 for carbonizing biomass, a thermal decomposition means 8 for thermally decomposing waste plastics, and a rear cylinder main body 37 (adsorption means) for causing carbonized matter to adsorb heavy components. Consists of one piece of equipment. Then, the first heating unit 36 heats the front cylinder main body 35 (for example, 600° C. to 800° C.), carbonizes the biomass in the outer cylinder 34, and thermally decomposes the waste plastic in the inner cylinder 32. be.

Carbide and products (heavy components, light components) generated by thermal decomposition are sent to the rear cylinder main body 37 (adsorption means), and are heated by the second heating unit 38 to remove heavy components, which are products of waste plastics. The temperature of the rear cylinder main body 37 (adsorption means) is adjusted to a temperature (for example, 100° C. or less) at which the components and the heavy components of the biomass-derived pyrolysis gas are adsorbed to the carbide.

Heavy components are adsorbed on the charcoal, pyrolysis gas (light component: ethylene, etc.) is obtained from which the heavy components are separated, and the charcoal and the heavy components are secured by the adsorption of the heavy components to ensure a calorific value. Pyrolysis gases (light components: ethylene, etc.) from which is separated are discharged as fuel and chemical raw materials.

As in the first embodiment, in order to increase the amount of heavy components adsorbed on the carbide, it is conceivable to activate the carbide (partially gasify it with air or water vapor). Moreover, when no biomass is supplied to the outer tubular portion 34, the used charcoal can be activated and reused.

In the above-described pyrolysis equipment 6, biomass is carbonized by the carbonization means 7 to obtain carbides, while waste plastics are pyrolyzed by the pyrolysis means 8 to produce heavy components (100° C. or less). (liquid, solid) and pyrolysis gases are produced, and heavy components are adsorbed on the solid char.

For this reason, with one facility, it is possible to obtain light components (high-grade pyrolysis gas) from which heavy components are separated and carbides in which the heavy components are adsorbed and the calorific value is ensured. The high-grade pyrolysis gas obtained at the facility and the carbide with a guaranteed calorific value can be used as fuel and chemical raw materials.

As a result, biomass and waste plastic can be effectively used with one facility, and components of fuel and chemical raw materials can be efficiently obtained.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used in the industrial field of pyrolysis equipment.

Reference Signs List 1, 6 pyrolysis equipment 2, 7 carbonization means 3, 8 pyrolysis means 4 adsorption means 11 first inlet section 12 first outlet section 13 first heating main body 14 first heating drum 15 combustor 21 second inlet section 22 second 2 outlet part 23 second heating main body 24 second heating drum 25 adsorption part main body 26 adsorption part first outlet 27 adsorption part second outlet 31 first upper end part 32 inner cylinder part 33 second upper end part 34 outer cylinder part 35 front cylinder Body portion 36 First heating portion 37 Rear cylinder body portion (adsorption means)
38 Second heating section 39 Exit section

Claims (3)

a carbonization means for carbonizing biomass to obtain a carbide;
The carbonized material obtained by the carbonizing means and the waste plastic are input, the waste plastic is thermally decomposed to generate heavy components and gas, and the carbonized material adsorbs the heavy component by pyrolytic adsorption. A pyrolysis facility characterized by comprising: means. In the pyrolysis facility according to claim 1,
The carbonization means is
a first heating main body into which the biomass is introduced from one end and the introduced biomass is transported to the other end to obtain a charcoal; 1 heating means,
The pyrolytic adsorption means is
The charcoal and the waste plastic discharged from the other end of the first heating body are introduced from one end, and the introduced waste plastic and the charcoal are conveyed to the other end to thermally decompose the waste plastic. a second heating body for absorbing the heavy components to the carbide; and a second heating body for covering the second heating body and heating the inside of the second heating body to a desired temperature. a heating means;
From the end of the second heating main body, the carbonized material to which the heavy components are adsorbed and the light components, which are products of the waste plastic from which the heavy components are separated, are discharged. Pyrolysis equipment. In the pyrolysis facility according to claim 1,
The carbonization means and the pyrolysis adsorption means are
a front cylinder main body comprising an inner cylindrical portion into which the waste plastic is introduced from one end, and an outer cylindrical portion disposed on the outer periphery of the inner cylindrical portion and into which the biomass is introduced from one end;
The front cylinder main body is heated to a temperature at which the biomass introduced into the outer cylinder is carbonized and the waste plastic introduced into the inner cylinder is thermally decomposed. a first heating unit to
a rear cylinder main body disposed on the other end side of the front cylinder main body, into which products generated by thermally decomposing the carbide of the outer cylinder and the waste plastic of the inner cylinder are carried; ,
a second heating unit disposed on the outer periphery of the rear cylinder main body for heating the rear cylinder main body to a temperature at which the carbonized material adsorbs heavy components that are products of the waste plastic;
Pyrolysis characterized in that the carbonized material to which the heavy components are adsorbed and the light components, which are products of the waste plastic from which the heavy components have been separated, are discharged from the rear cylinder main body. Facility.

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