JP2023010479A - Method for separating and recovering carbon dioxide utilizing recyclable energy and carbon dioxide separation and recovery system using recyclable energy - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a method of separating and recovering carbon dioxide of recyclable energy using type, and to provide a separation and recovery system.SOLUTION: Any of bio gas, exhaust gas and air is compressed or blown by using a gas compressor or a gas blower driven by combustion heat of geothermal fluid or biomass, or energy of flowing water, is supplied to a carbon dioxide separation membrane or a carbon dioxide adsorption separation device to separate and recover carbon dioxide and compress recovered carbon dioxide gas by using the gas compressor and, thereafter, cool the recovered carbon dioxide by a cold of recyclable energy origin to be liquefied or frozen into dry ice. Further, when performing carbon dioxide separation from bio gas, bio fuel provided upon separation of carbon dioxide is utilized as energy and carbon dioxide originated from generated bio gas is also separated by using the above-mentioned means and is liquefied or is frozen into dry ice to be recovered.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention utilizes renewable energy to convert carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, which is one of the causative substances of global warming, and carbon dioxide generated when gasifying and using biomass that has absorbed carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. It is efficiently and continuously separated, and it is recovered as liquefied carbon dioxide that is easy to transport for immobilization in underground storage tanks, etc., and dry ice that is easy to use in commerce and industry. The present invention relates to a carbon dioxide separation and recovery system that utilizes renewable energy.

In order to prevent global warming and improve the environmental friendliness of liquefied carbon dioxide and dry ice production, which are in high demand in the commercial and industrial industries, it is contained in atmospheric carbon dioxide and in the exhaust gas of energy systems that use fossil fuels and biomass resources. There is a need for a technology that efficiently separates and recovers carbon dioxide and converts it into highly versatile liquefied carbon dioxide and dry ice.

Of these, in the separation and recovery of carbon dioxide gas, which is said to account for the majority of energy consumption and cost, in the case of the chemical absorption method, the circulation and regeneration of the absorbent, and in the case of the physical adsorption method, the temperature and temperature for gas adsorption and desorption. In the case of pressure swing processing, and in the case of the membrane separation method, a large amount of energy is consumed and costs are generated for gas pressure rise and temperature/humidity optimization. When the source power is consumed and accompanied by carbon dioxide emissions, we are faced with the problem of reduced net carbon dioxide capture, reduced separation and recovery efficiency, and increased costs.

As a technology that can solve these problems, it is possible to separate air components using renewable energy such as geothermal steam and hot spring heat that do not emit carbon dioxide, flowing water from rivers and tides, and combustion heat from biomass and biogas. An air separation method using renewable energy and an air separation system using renewable energy using this method have been proposed, and by using this technology, it becomes an impurity component of the production target gas such as nitrogen and oxygen. A method of separating carbon dioxide by adsorption and desorption using an adsorbent and renewable energy heat is disclosed (Patent Document 1).

Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-070059

As described above, according to the conventional technology shown in Patent Document 1, it is possible to efficiently produce high-purity nitrogen gas, liquefied oxygen, etc. by utilizing renewable energy with low carbon dioxide emissions. Although it is possible to separate and recover carbon dioxide, which is a secondary impurity in the manufacturing process, this technology has the following four problems.

First, this technology separates and recovers nitrogen, oxygen, and argon using air as a raw material gas, and optimization is needed to efficiently separate and recover carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, flue gas, and biogas by using renewable energy. Since this is not done, there is a problem that the amount of carbon dioxide separated and recovered is small and the separation and recovery efficiency is low.

In particular, when separating and recovering carbon dioxide, rather than separating and recovering carbon dioxide at a low concentration of about 0.04 vol% from the atmosphere, hydrocarbon fuel is used, which improves the recovery efficiency at a high concentration of 5 to 15 vol%. It is not related to the separation and recovery from the exhaust gas of the energy system and the biogas that is obtained by fermentation of biomass that has absorbed carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and contains a high concentration of carbon dioxide of about 40 vol%, so exhaust gas and biogas There is a problem that it is not possible to efficiently separate and recover carbon dioxide using renewable energy.

In addition, with conventional technology, even if renewable energy resources are abundant, even in places where effective use of renewable energy is difficult due to constraints such as insufficient supply to power transmission and distribution networks and heat storage and transportation efficiency, It is possible to produce high-purity gas by separating air components without being affected by blackouts in the power system. In general, it is not a technology that can efficiently separate and recover carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and from biomass.

Furthermore, when the separated and recovered carbon dioxide is transported to an underground aquifer or a storage tank on the sea floor, and is injected and fixed, a separate and recovered It is desirable to liquefy the carbon dioxide or transport it as solid dry ice, and it is common that liquefied carbon dioxide and dry ice, which have high transport efficiency, are more suitable for commercial and industrial uses of carbon dioxide. However, in the conventional technology, the method of liquefying or converting the separated and recovered carbon dioxide into dry ice, reducing the energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions associated with the liquefaction and dry ice of carbon dioxide, and reducing the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, exhaust gas, or biogas No specific method for increasing the net recovery of carbon and improving the recovery efficiency is given.

In addition, when separating and recovering carbon dioxide from biogas obtained by methane fermentation of biomass, biomethane, which is mainly composed of high-purity methane, is refined after separating and recovering carbon dioxide. There is no disclosure of a method for efficiently separating and recovering carbon dioxide generated during oxidative utilization by utilizing renewable energy.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and its object is to provide rotational driving force obtained from renewable energy such as geothermal steam, biomass or biogas combustion heat, or hydraulic power and tidal power, and renewable energy By using the heat and cold heat obtained from the gas compression process directly for the carbon dioxide separation and recovery and liquefaction or dry ice processes, the net amount of carbon dioxide separation and recovery is increased, and the exhaust of the atmosphere and energy system We provide a renewable energy-based carbon dioxide separation and recovery method that highly efficiently separates and recovers carbon dioxide from gas or biomass-derived biogas, and a renewable energy-based carbon dioxide separation and recovery system that applies this technology. It is to be.

In order to solve the above problems, the invention according to claim 1,
Biogas, power generation or It is characterized by compressing or sending out any one or more of exhaust gas or air of the heat supply system and carbon dioxide gas separated and recovered from any one or more of the above gases.

The invention according to claim 2,
The gas compressor or gas blower according to claim 1 adiabatically compresses one or more of biogas, exhaust gas, and air to high temperature and high pressure, or after gas is sent, geothermal fluid or biomass or the cold heat obtained by the absorption chiller or adsorption chiller driven by the heat possessed by the adiabatically compressed gas, the cold heat possessed by flowing water, or the electric power obtained by hydroelectric power generation. It is characterized by separating and recovering the carbon dioxide contained in the supplied gas by cooling and dehumidifying using any one or more of the cold energy obtained by the turbo chiller and passing it through the carbon dioxide separation membrane.

The invention according to claim 3,
The gas compressor or gas blower according to claim 1 is used to adiabatically compress any one or more of biogas, exhaust gas, air, or carbon dioxide gas separated and recovered from these gases to high temperature and high pressure, or gas After pumping, either the heat of combustion of geothermal fluid or biomass, the cold obtained by an absorption or adsorption chiller driven by the heat possessed by said adiabatically compressed gas, or the cold possessed by flowing water; After cooling and dehumidification using one or more of the cold heat obtained by the centrifugal chiller driven by the electric power obtained by hydroelectric power generation, the carbon dioxide contained in the compressed gas is absorbed by the carbon dioxide adsorbent. , the heat of combustion of geothermal fluid or biomass, the heat possessed by the adiabatically compressed gas or the separated and recovered carbon dioxide gas, or the heat obtained from the heater driven by the electric power obtained from hydroelectric power generation. The carbon dioxide contained in the supplied gas is separated and recovered by heating to release and recover the carbon dioxide.

The invention according to claim 4,
In the carbon dioxide separation and recovery method of claims 2 and 3, the upstream piping of the separation membrane or the adsorbent is equipped with one or more of a temperature measuring device, a humidity measuring device, a pressure measuring device, and a flow measuring device, Control the temperature, humidity, pressure and flow rate of the supplied gas so that the performance of gas separation and recovery using carbon dioxide separation membranes and carbon dioxide adsorbents is optimized based on the measured values obtained from the above measuring instruments. It is characterized by

The invention according to claim 5,
After compressing the carbon dioxide gas by the method of claim 1, by an absorption chiller or an adsorption chiller driven by the heat of combustion of geothermal fluid or biomass, or the heat possessed by the adiabatically compressed gas Compressed carbon dioxide gas is cooled and liquefied using one or more of the cold heat obtained, the cold heat possessed by running water, or the cold heat obtained by a centrifugal chiller driven by electricity obtained from hydroelectric power generation. Alternatively, by solidifying, the carbon dioxide gas separated and recovered by the method of claim 2 or claim 3 is recovered as liquefied carbon dioxide or dry ice.

The invention according to claim 6,
By the method of claim 2 or claim 3, biomethane obtained after separating and recovering carbon dioxide from biogas is used as fuel for fuel cell power generation or oxyfuel combustion power generation, and carbon dioxide and water vapor obtained from the power generation system By refluxing the mixed gas upstream of the gas compressor or the gas blower according to claim 1, carbon dioxide generated along with the use of the separated biomethane as fuel is also separated and recovered.

The invention according to claim 7,
The generated power obtained from the energy of either geothermal fluid or water stream or the biomass containing biomethane according to claim 6, the drain water obtained in the dehumidifying cooling process according to claim 2, power generation or cold heat utilization. Pure water obtained by purifying the finished geothermal fluid, river water, or seawater is electrolyzed, and the obtained hydrogen is mixed with the biomethane supply pipe according to claim 6 to increase power generation output and obtain By supplying the oxygen obtained as an oxidant in fuel cell power generation or oxygen combustion power generation, the exhaust gas obtained when using biomethane in claim 6 is a mixture of carbon dioxide and water vapor.

The invention according to claim 8,
Heater driven by heat obtained by gas adiabatic compression according to claim 1 or claim 5, heat obtained from waste heat generated with power generation according to claim 6, or electric power obtained by hydroelectric power generation The resulting heat is used to heat the biomass fermenter or to dry the woody biomass, and either the geothermal fluid or the heat of combustion of the biomass, or an absorption chiller or adsorption driven by the heat carried by the adiabatically compressed gas. The biomass fermenter is cooled by using one or more of the cold heat obtained by the chiller, the cold heat possessed by the running water, or the cold heat obtained by the centrifugal chiller driven by the electric power obtained by hydroelectric power generation. As a result, it is characterized by maximizing the amount of biogas generated by optimal temperature control of the biomass fermentation tank and improving combustibility by drying the woody biomass.

The invention according to claim 9,
Electricity obtained when power is generated using the geothermal fluid described in claim 1 or steam obtained by combustion heat of biomass, or hot water discharged from the steam separator when the steam is introduced into the steam separator Any one or more of the power of binary power generation obtained using , the power obtained by hydroelectric power generation, and the surplus power obtained by power generation using biomethane according to claim 6, claim 1 to It is characterized by being supplied to any one or more of the constituent equipment and its incidental equipment described in 9, and the system for controlling the operation of the constituent equipment.

The invention according to claim 10,
Using the method for gas compression or gas delivery according to claim 1 and the method for separating and recovering carbon dioxide according to claims 2 or 3 and 4, biogas, exhaust gas of power generation or heat supply system or air Carbon dioxide is separated and recovered, and the separated and recovered carbon dioxide is liquefied or recovered as dry ice by the method according to claim 5.

The invention according to claim 11,
In the carbon dioxide separation and recovery system according to claim 10, which utilizes biogas, the methods according to claims 6 to 9 are used to utilize the hydrocarbon fuel components in the biogas as energy, and the It is characterized by recovering as liquefaction or dry ice including carbon dioxide.

According to the present invention, the rotational driving force, hot and cold heat, and electric power obtained from geothermal steam, biomass, or biogas combustion heat, or renewable energy such as hydraulic power and tidal power, are directly transferred to the atmosphere, exhaust gas, or biogas. By using it for the separation and recovery of carbon dioxide contained, the consumption of fossil fuels related to the separation and recovery of carbon dioxide can be reduced, the net amount of carbon dioxide recovered can be increased, and transportation for commercial and industrial use and immobilization can be achieved. It becomes possible to recover easily as liquefied carbon dioxide or dry ice.
In addition, even if renewable energy resources are plentiful, it is difficult to use renewable energy effectively due to constraints such as insufficient supply capacity to power transmission and distribution networks and heat storage and transportation efficiency. It will be possible to continuously separate and recover carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and from biomass without being affected by power outages.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a carbon dioxide liquefaction recovery system of a multistage geothermal energy utilization type, which is a first embodiment according to the present invention and is composed of a biomass methane fermentation system and a carbon dioxide separation membrane module. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a carbon dioxide liquefaction recovery system of a multistage geothermal energy utilization type, which is a second embodiment according to the present invention and is composed of a biomass methane fermentation system and a carbon dioxide adsorbent module. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing an atmospheric carbon dioxide liquefaction recovery system of a multistage geothermal energy utilization type utilizing a carbon dioxide separation membrane module, which is a third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a carbon dioxide liquefaction recovery system for multi-stage use of river water, which is a fourth embodiment according to the present invention and is composed of a biomass methane fermentation system and a carbon dioxide separation membrane module. FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a biomass energy utilization type carbon dioxide liquefaction recovery system, which is a fifth embodiment according to the present invention and is composed of a biomass combustion power generation system and a carbon dioxide separation membrane module.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. The scope of the present invention is defined in the claims and is not limited to the present embodiment.

(First embodiment)

First, a geothermal energy multistage carbon dioxide liquefaction recovery system comprising a biomass methane fermentation system and a carbon dioxide separation membrane module according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

As shown in FIG. 1, this system includes a steam separator 2 that separates a geothermal fluid 1 into geothermal steam of about 100° C. to 180° C. and hot water of less than 100° C., and geothermal heat discharged from the steam separator. A steam turbine 3 driven by steam, and a biogas connected to a rotating shaft of the steam turbine through a transmission 4, generated from a biomass methane fermentation system 5, and having impurities removed through a biogas purifier 6. A gas compressor 7 for adiabatically compressing the gas, a heat exchanger 8 for pre-cooling the high-temperature and high-pressure biogas compressed by the compressor, a flow rate adjustment valve 9 for adjusting the flow rate of the cooled high-pressure biogas, A separation membrane module 10 that separates carbon dioxide and biomethane from high-pressure biogas whose pressure, flow rate, and temperature/humidity are adjusted, and carbon dioxide gas compression that further pressurizes the high-pressure carbon dioxide gas separated from the separation membrane module. A machine 11 and a heat exchanger 12 for cooling and liquefying the pressurized high-pressure carbon dioxide gas are provided.

Furthermore, in this system, the biomethane obtained by generating biogas is used to generate electricity, and the exhaust gas generated at that time is converted to a mixture of carbon dioxide and water vapor to remove moisture, A fuel cell power generation system 13 is connected to the downstream side of the biomethane channel of the separation membrane module 10 in order to separate and recover carbon dioxide originating from methane for liquefaction recovery, and its power generation output is converted to water electrolysis. After hydrogen is supplied to the device 14 and generated from the water electrolysis device is additionally supplied into the biomethane channel, oxygen is supplied to the fuel electrode side of the fuel cell 13 and generated from the water electrolysis device. is supplied to the air electrode side of the fuel cell 13, and unreacted oxygen is exhausted from the air electrode side exhaust gas. , pure oxygen is always circulated and supplied.

In addition, in this system, the temperature and humidity adjustment of the supplied gas for optimizing the gas separation performance of the separation membrane module 10, the cooling for liquefying the recovered carbon dioxide gas, and the heating of the methane fermentation tank, etc. In order to obtain electricity to drive the refrigerator, cooling towers, pumps, blowers, and operation control equipment of auxiliary equipment, multi-stage utilization of geothermal energy can be regenerated with the energy consumption related to the liquefaction and recovery of carbon dioxide. It is configured to utilize energy and improve the net carbon dioxide recovery performance.

That is, in adjusting the temperature and humidity of the biogas supplied to the separation membrane module 10, the dehumidification and cooling of the methane gas discharged from the methane fermentation system 5 is driven by high temperature water of 70 to 90° C. discharged from the steam turbine. Cooling water of 5 to 15 ° C. obtained from the absorption chiller 16 is used, and the high-temperature hot water separated by the steam separator is used for cooling to liquefy the high-pressure carbon dioxide gas. Cooling water of 5 to 15° C. obtained from the adsorption chiller 18 driven by high temperature water of 50 to 80° C. discharged from the binary power generation system 17 to be operated is used, and the cooling water from the adsorption chiller is used. The discharged low-temperature hot water of 30 to 60° C. is supplied to the methane fermentation tank of the methane fermentation system 5, warms the methane fermentation tank, is used to promote biomass fermentation, and then is discharged. there is

In addition, since the refrigerator and cooling towers, pumps, blowers, and operation control equipment of auxiliary equipment that make up the system are configured to be driven by renewable energy power obtained from the binary power generation system 17, the configuration It is possible to suppress the emission of carbon dioxide due to energy consumption associated with the operation of the equipment, and to liquefy and recover the carbon dioxide without depending on the electric power system. For starting and stopping the system and adjusting the transient power supply-demand balance, it is desirable to have a power storage system 19 capable of charging and discharging the power generated by the binary power generation system.

Furthermore, in order to optimize the gas separation performance of the separation membrane module 10, this system has a mechanism for optimally controlling the temperature, humidity, pressure, and flow rate of the supplied gas. Specifically, moisture in the biogas and excess moisture contained in the fuel electrode exhaust gas from the fuel cell 13 are removed, and the humidity of the gas supplied to the separation membrane module is less than 50%, more preferably 20%. In order to make it before and after, cooling water of 5 to 15 ° C. is circulated and supplied to the dehumidifier 20 using the circulation pump 21 to recover moisture by condensation condensation. The rotation speed of the circulation pump 21 is controlled while referring to the measured value of the humidity measuring device 22 installed upstream of the separation membrane module 10, and when the humidity of the separation membrane module supply gas is high, the circulation amount of cooling water is increased to condense. While dehumidification is strengthened by promoting condensation, when the humidity of the supply gas is low, the amount of cooling water circulating is reduced to suppress condensation and condensation, and the humidity is controlled by controlling the amount of cooling water circulation. .

Furthermore, when optimally controlling the temperature of the supply gas, the rotation speed of the circulation pump 24 is controlled while referring to the measured value of the temperature measuring device 23 installed upstream of the separation membrane module 10 to precool the biogas. The amount of circulation of cooling water supplied to the heat exchanger 8 is controlled, and when the temperature of the separation membrane module supply gas is high, the circulation amount of cooling water is increased to promote gas cooling, and the temperature of the supply gas is increased. On the other hand, when the temperature of the supply gas is low, the circulation amount of cooling water is reduced to suppress cooling, and the temperature is controlled by controlling the circulation amount of cooling water.

In addition, when optimally controlling the pressure of the supply gas, the transmission 4 is controlled to rotate the biogas compressor 7 while referring to the measured value of the pressure measuring device 25 installed upstream of the separation membrane module 10. When the pressure of the separation membrane module supply gas is low, the rotation speed of the compressor is increased to promote gas compression and increase the pressure of the supply gas, while when the pressure of the supply gas is high, is a mechanism that suppresses compression by reducing the rotation speed of the compressor, and performs pressure control by controlling the rotation speed of the compressor via the transmission.

Furthermore, when optimally controlling the flow rate of the supply gas, the opening degree of the flow control valve 9 is controlled while referring to the measurement value of the flow rate measuring device 26 installed upstream of the separation membrane module 10. When the supply gas flow rate is low, the opening degree of the flow control valve is widened to increase the gas flow rate. , the flow rate is controlled by controlling the opening degree of the flow control valve.

The pure water to be supplied to the water electrolysis device 14 is the drain water obtained from the dehumidifier 20 or the hot water discharged from the adsorption chiller 18. Although it is obtained by passing it through the device 27, the waste water of the geothermal fluid may contain a large amount of hot spring components, which may increase the load on the pure water production device. It is desirable to mainly use the drain water from the dehumidifier 20, which is easy to dehumidify, and to use the waste hot water as raw water for the shortage of pure water.

Thus, in the carbon dioxide liquefaction recovery system of the present invention, in the separation and recovery process using the carbon dioxide separation membrane, in the compression of the separation membrane supply gas, which consumes a large amount of energy, and the compression of the separated and recovered carbon dioxide gas, By directly using the rotational force of a turbine driven by geothermal steam, it is possible to liquefy and recover carbon dioxide through direct use of renewable energy.

In addition, the gas for separating and recovering carbon dioxide in this system may be obtained by directly sucking air and compressing it to separate and recover about 0.04 vol% carbon dioxide contained in the atmosphere. The carbon dioxide concentration in the biogas obtained by fermenting the biomass that has absorbed is about 40 vol%, which is about 1000 times higher. It is more preferable to separate and recover carbon dioxide and fix it because the separation and recovery efficiency is high.

In addition, in this system, by separating and recovering carbon dioxide from biogas, it is possible to obtain biomethane, which is a carbon-neutral fuel that can be used for power generation and heat. If it can be separated, recovered and fixed, it will be possible to further promote negative emissions that reduce carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Therefore, in this system, biomethane is reacted with pure oxygen, and the resulting exhaust gas is a mixture of carbon dioxide and water vapor. Although the mechanism is capable of recovering carbon gas, the means is not limited to fuel cell power generation. For example, pure oxygen combustion turbine power generation using oxygen obtained by using a water electrolysis device may be applied.

With the above configuration, it is possible to efficiently liquefy and recover carbon dioxide through multi-stage utilization of geothermal steam energy, which is a renewable energy that does not emit carbon dioxide, even if there is abundant geothermal steam. Even in places where it is difficult to use power generation because it is not possible to connect to the power transmission and distribution grid, it will be possible to efficiently liquefy and recover carbon dioxide by effectively using geothermal steam.
(Second embodiment)

Next, a geothermal energy multistage carbon dioxide liquefaction recovery system comprising a biomass methane fermentation system and a carbon dioxide adsorbent module according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. .

As shown in FIG. 2, in the system of the second embodiment, as a method for separating and recovering carbon dioxide, a compressed biogas is loaded with a carbon dioxide adsorbent such as amine-supported zeolite, and is connected to a geothermal steam turbine via a transmission 28. The difference is that after carbon dioxide is adsorbed on the connected rotary rotor 29, high-temperature carbon dioxide gas is supplied to raise the temperature of the adsorbent to desorb and recover carbon dioxide.

Here, in the desorption of carbon dioxide, part of the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas desorbed by increasing the temperature of the adsorbent is refluxed, and the high-temperature compressed gas after passing through the gas compressor and the heat exchanger 30 are passed through 60 to 60 After raising the temperature to 80 ° C., the blower 31 is used to blow against the adsorbent rotor 29, thereby desorbing and recovering the carbon dioxide adsorbed on the adsorbent. Forming a carbon dioxide gas circulation line, Part of the carbon dioxide gas is extracted from the carbon dioxide extraction valve 32 on this circulation line, compressed by the compressor, and then the cooling water obtained from the absorption chiller driven by the steam after passing through the steam turbine is circulated. By cooling with the supplied compressed carbon dioxide gas cooler 33, carbon dioxide can be liquefied and recovered.

The temperature, humidity, pressure, and flow rate of the biogas supplied to the adsorbent rotor 29 are controlled by the same technology as in the first embodiment so that the adsorbent has the highest carbon dioxide adsorption performance. In the first embodiment, the cooling water of the absorption chiller is used for dehumidifying and cooling the gas before separation and recovery, and the cooling water of the adsorption chiller is used for cooling the compressed carbon dioxide gas separated and recovered. Cooling was used, but in this embodiment, the gas pressure supplied to the adsorbent rotor does not need to be as high as in the first embodiment, and the temperature rise of the gas due to adiabatic compression is not large. While the cooling load of the supplied gas is reduced, the temperature of the recovered carbon dioxide gas is higher than in the first embodiment, and the gas cooling load required for liquefaction recovery is increased. It is configured to use cooling water obtained from a chiller.

In this way, the supply destination and supply amount of cooling water obtained by supplying the exhaust heat steam and high temperature water after driving the steam turbine and the exhaust hot water after binary power generation to the absorption chiller or adsorption chiller , preferably optimized according to the application and cooling load.
(Third embodiment)

Next, an atmospheric carbon dioxide liquefaction recovery system utilizing a carbon dioxide separation membrane module according to a third embodiment of the present invention and utilizing multistage geothermal energy will be described with reference to FIG.

As shown in FIG. 3, in order to separate and liquefy the carbon dioxide accumulated in the atmosphere in this system, the gas taken in by the gas compressor is filtered through an intake filter 34 to remove dust and excess humidity. is. Since this system does not require biomass fermentation treatment, there is no need to install a biomass fermentation system at the location where geothermal steam is generated, and there is no need to continuously procure and supply biomass resources. can be widely implemented anywhere.
(Fourth embodiment)

Next, a carbon dioxide liquefaction recovery system for multi-stage use of river water, which is composed of a biomass methane fermentation system and a carbon dioxide separation membrane module, according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. .

As shown in Figure 4, this system liquefies and recovers carbon dioxide originating from biomass. The only difference is that it uses itself.

That is, in the compression of the biogas supplied to the separation membrane module and the recovered carbon dioxide gas, the rotational force of the water wheel type rotational force transmission device 35 installed on the river channel is directly used, and the compressed biogas and carbon dioxide gas are compressed. In cooling the carbon gas, the gas cooling devices 36 and 37 by heat exchange with river water are used, and the electric power for driving the water electrolysis device and auxiliary equipment and the electric heater 38 for heating the biomass fermentation tank are used. The electric power is configured to use renewable energy electric power obtained from a hydraulic power generation system 39 laid on a river.

By adopting such a configuration, highly efficient liquefaction and recovery of carbon dioxide is possible even in regions that have no geothermal resources and are blessed with hydropower resources. Although this system configuration is an example of combination with a biomass fermentation system, as in the third embodiment, when air is used as the target gas for separation and recovery of carbon dioxide, there are no restrictions such as biomass resource procurement, and hydraulic power It can be widely applied wherever resources are available.
(Fifth embodiment)

Next, a carbon dioxide liquefaction recovery system utilizing biomass energy, which is composed of a biomass combustion power generation system and a carbon dioxide separation membrane module, according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

As shown in FIG. 5, in the system of the fifth embodiment, a biomass gasification combustion system 40 is used to compress biomass combustion exhaust gas using power obtained by driving a steam turbine by air combustion of biomass. , Binary power generation is performed using high-temperature water after driving the steam turbine, hot water discharged from the binary power generation system is used to drive the absorption chiller, and low-temperature hot water discharged from the absorption chiller. is used to drive the adsorption chiller, and is used to remove moisture in the flue gas, cool the compressed flue gas, and cool the pressurized carbon dioxide gas, which is different from other embodiments. .

By adopting such an embodiment, it is possible to liquefy and recover biomass-derived carbon dioxide with high efficiency even in places where there are no geothermal or hydropower resources but where a large amount of biomass resources are generated or where biomass resources are accumulated. becomes possible.

As described above, by separating and liquefying carbon dioxide using various renewable energies distributed in the region, it is possible to efficiently liquefy the carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere by industrial activities so far. It can be recovered as carbon, and can be used as a raw material for injection fixation into the ground, commercial and industrial use such as dry ice, and production of carbon-neutral fuel. In addition, even if there are renewable energy resources, it is difficult to connect to the power transmission and distribution grid, and it can be applied in places where renewable energy power generation is difficult. It will be possible to recover carbon dioxide from the atmosphere over a wide area by liquefying it.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. For example, the embodiments of FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 use an adsorbent rotor composed of the carbon dioxide adsorbent shown in The separation and recovery method is also applicable, and the embodiment of FIG. 4 is applicable not only to the use of river water but also to strait areas where tidal current power generation is possible.

As described above, the above-described embodiment is merely an example, and any device that has substantially the same configuration as the technical idea described in the claims of the present invention and that produces the same effect as the technical concept of the present invention. However, it is included in the technical scope of the present invention.

Reference Signs List 1 Geothermal fluid 2 Brackish water separator 3 Steam turbine 4 Gas compressor transmission 5 Biomass fermentation system 6 Biogas purification device 7 gas compressor 8 gas cooler 9 gas flow control valve 10 carbon dioxide separation membrane module 11 carbon dioxide gas compressor 12 high pressure carbon dioxide Gas cooler 13 Fuel cell power generation equipment 14 Water electrolyzer 15 Oxygen gas circulation blower 16 Absorption chiller 17 Binary power generation system 18 Adsorption chiller 19 Power storage system 20 Dehumidifier 21 Dehumidifier cooling water circulation pump 22 Supply gas humidity measuring device 23 Supply gas temperature measuring device 24 Supply gas cooling cooling water circulation pump 25 ... Supply gas pressure measuring device 26 ... Supply gas flow rate measuring device 27 ... Pure water production device 28 ... Adsorbent rotor transmission 29 ... Carbon dioxide adsorbent-mounted rotor 30 ... Dioxide Carbon circulating gas heat exchanger 31 Carbon dioxide gas circulation blower 32 Carbon dioxide gas extraction valve 33 High pressure carbon dioxide gas cooler 34 Air intake filter 35 Turbine torque transmission device 36... Supply gas cooler 37... Carbon dioxide gas cooler 38... Biomass fermentation tank warming heater 39... Hydraulic power generation system 40... Biomass gasification and combustion system

Claims (11)

Biogas, power generation or Utilizing renewable energy, characterized by compressing or sending out any one or more of exhaust gas or air of a heat supply system and carbon dioxide gas separated and recovered from any one or more of the above gases Gas compression method The gas compressor or gas blower according to claim 1 adiabatically compresses one or more of biogas, exhaust gas, and air to high temperature and high pressure, or after gas is sent, geothermal fluid or biomass or the cold heat obtained by the absorption chiller or adsorption chiller driven by the heat possessed by the adiabatically compressed gas, the cold heat possessed by flowing water, or the electric power obtained by hydroelectric power generation. The carbon dioxide contained in the supplied gas is separated and recovered by cooling and dehumidifying using one or more of the cold energy obtained by the turbo chiller and passing it through the carbon dioxide separation membrane. Carbon dioxide separation and recovery method The gas compressor or gas blower according to claim 1 is used to adiabatically compress any one or more of biogas, exhaust gas, air, or carbon dioxide gas separated and recovered from these gases to high temperature and high pressure, or gas After pumping, either the heat of combustion of geothermal fluid or biomass, the cold obtained by an absorption or adsorption chiller driven by the heat possessed by said adiabatically compressed gas, or the cold possessed by flowing water; After cooling and dehumidification using one or more of the cold heat obtained by the centrifugal chiller driven by the electric power obtained by hydroelectric power generation, the carbon dioxide contained in the compressed gas is absorbed by the carbon dioxide adsorbent. , the heat of combustion of geothermal fluid or biomass, the heat possessed by the adiabatically compressed gas or the separated and recovered carbon dioxide gas, or the heat obtained from the heater driven by the electric power obtained from hydroelectric power generation. A carbon dioxide separation and recovery method characterized by separating and recovering carbon dioxide contained in a supply gas by heating to release and recover carbon dioxide. In the carbon dioxide separation and recovery method of claims 2 and 3, the upstream piping of the separation membrane or the adsorbent is equipped with one or more of a temperature measuring device, a humidity measuring device, a pressure measuring device, and a flow measuring device, Control the temperature, humidity, pressure and flow rate of the supplied gas so that the performance of gas separation and recovery using carbon dioxide separation membranes and carbon dioxide adsorbents is optimized based on the measured values obtained from the above measuring instruments. A method for separating and recovering carbon dioxide, characterized by After compressing the carbon dioxide gas by the method of claim 1, by an absorption chiller or an adsorption chiller driven by the heat of combustion of geothermal fluid or biomass, or the heat possessed by the adiabatically compressed gas Compressed carbon dioxide gas is cooled and liquefied using one or more of the cold heat obtained, the cold heat possessed by running water, or the cold heat obtained by a centrifugal chiller driven by electricity obtained from hydroelectric power generation. Alternatively, by solidifying, the carbon dioxide gas separated and recovered by the method of claim 2 or claim 3 is recovered as liquefied carbon dioxide or dry ice. By the method of claim 2 or claim 3, biomethane obtained after separating and recovering carbon dioxide from biogas is used as fuel for fuel cell power generation or oxyfuel combustion power generation, and carbon dioxide and water vapor obtained from the power generation system By refluxing the mixed gas upstream of the gas compressor or the gas blower according to claim 1, carbon dioxide generated with the use of the separated biomethane as fuel is also separated and recovered. Carbon separation and recovery method The generated power obtained from the energy of either geothermal fluid or water stream or the biomass containing biomethane according to claim 6, the drain water obtained in the dehumidifying cooling process according to claim 2, power generation or cold heat utilization. Pure water obtained by purifying the finished geothermal fluid, river water, or seawater is electrolyzed, and the obtained hydrogen is mixed with the biomethane supply pipe according to claim 6 to increase power generation output and obtain By supplying the oxygen obtained as an oxidant in fuel cell power generation or oxyfuel combustion power generation, the exhaust gas obtained when using biomethane according to claim 6 is a mixture of carbon dioxide and water vapor. oxidation method Heater driven by heat obtained by gas adiabatic compression according to claim 1 or claim 5, heat obtained from waste heat generated with power generation according to claim 6, or electric power obtained by hydroelectric power generation The resulting heat is used to heat the biomass fermenter or to dry the woody biomass, and either the geothermal fluid or the heat of combustion of the biomass, or an absorption chiller or adsorption driven by the heat carried by the adiabatically compressed gas. The biomass fermenter is cooled by using one or more of the cold heat obtained by the chiller, the cold heat possessed by the running water, or the cold heat obtained by the centrifugal chiller driven by the electric power obtained by hydroelectric power generation. This is a method of improving energy efficiency when using biomass energy, characterized by maximizing the amount of biogas generated by optimal temperature control of the biomass fermentation tank and improving combustibility by drying woody biomass. Electricity obtained when power is generated using the geothermal fluid described in claim 1 or steam obtained by combustion heat of biomass, or hot water discharged from the steam separator when the steam is introduced into the steam separator Any one or more of the power of binary power generation obtained using , the power obtained by hydroelectric power generation, and the surplus power obtained by power generation using biomethane according to claim 6, claim 1 to A method of driving a carbon dioxide separation and capture system component, characterized in that it is supplied to any one or more of the component and its incidental equipment described in 9, and a system for controlling the operation of the component. Using the method for gas compression or gas delivery according to claim 1 and the method for separating and recovering carbon dioxide according to claims 2 or 3 and 4, biogas, exhaust gas of power generation or heat supply system or air A carbon dioxide separation and recovery system utilizing renewable energy, characterized by separating and recovering carbon dioxide and recovering the separated and recovered carbon dioxide by the method according to claim 5 as liquefaction or dry ice. In the carbon dioxide separation and recovery system according to claim 10, which utilizes biogas, the methods according to claims 6 to 9 are used to utilize the hydrocarbon fuel components in the biogas as energy, and the Renewable energy utilization type carbon dioxide separation and recovery system characterized by recovering as liquefaction or dry ice including carbon dioxide

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