JP2023001437A - Absorption Estimation System, Absorption Estimation Method, Absorption Estimation Program and Calculation System - Google Patents

Abstract

To estimate a CO2 absorption amount based on forest evapotranspiration.SOLUTION: A precipitable water amount calculation unit 110 calculates a precipitable water amount of each grid mass for a three-dimensional grid above an observation area based on delay amount data and meteorological observation data. A potential evapotranspiration calculation unit 120 calculates a potential evapotranspiration vertically above each mesh square, which is a rectangular area, for a two-dimensional mesh on a surface of the observation area based on the precipitable water amount of each grid mass. A forest feature identification unit 130 identifies forest features for each forest area in the observation area based on a satellite image. An evapotranspiration ratio calculation unit 140 calculates an evapotranspiration ratio for each forest area based on the forest features. An absorption calculation unit 150 calculates an absorption amount of carbon dioxide for each forest area based on the potential evapotranspiration of the corresponding mesh mass and the evapotranspiration ratio.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present disclosure relates to technology for estimating carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption based on forest evapotranspiration.

Eighty-five percent of Japan's 400,000 square kilometers of land is covered with forests, and in Japan forests are a valuable sink of carbon dioxide (CO2), which causes global warming.

CO2 absorption by forests is not actually observed, but calculated based on forest registers.
A forest register is a ledger in which various types of information related to forests are recorded. Specifically, information such as location, owner, area, type, timber volume and amount of growth is recorded in the forest register.

The Forest Register is created by adding aerial photographs and hearsay information from landowners to the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan map created by public survey.
The information in the forest register is not surveyed, the boundaries of the forest are vague, and the information is not updated.
This situation is a factor that hinders efficiency in forest trading, consolidation of small-scale forest landowners, and consolidation of forest management.

Patent Literature 1 discloses calculating CO2 absorption using forest register data.

JP 2012-58772 A

An object of the present disclosure is to allow CO2 absorption to be estimated based on forest evapotranspiration.

The absorption estimation system of the present disclosure includes:
Based on the delay amount data indicating the slant direction delay amount of each grid point with respect to the three-dimensional grid above the observation area and the meteorological observation data indicating the meteorological observation amount of each region of the observation area, the three-dimensional a precipitable water amount calculation unit that calculates the precipitable water amount of each grid mass with respect to the grid;
an evapotranspiration calculation unit that calculates the evapotranspiration potential vertically above each mesh square, which is a rectangular area, with respect to the two-dimensional mesh on the surface of the observation area, based on the amount of precipitable water of each grid square;
a forest feature identifying unit that identifies forest features for each forest area in the observation area based on a satellite image of the observation area;
an evapotranspiration ratio calculation unit that calculates an evapotranspiration ratio, which is the ratio of the amount of evaporation from the soil to the amount of transpiration from the trees, for each forest area, based on the characteristics of the forest;
For each forest area, there is provided an absorption amount calculation unit that calculates an absorption amount of carbon dioxide based on the evapotranspiration potential of the corresponding mesh mass and the evapotranspiration ratio.

According to the present disclosure, CO2 absorption can be estimated based on forest evapotranspiration.

1 is a block diagram of absorption estimation system 200 according to Embodiment 1. FIG. 1 is a block diagram of absorption estimation device 100 according to Embodiment 1. FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a positioning augmentation system 210 according to Embodiment 1. FIG. 4 is a flowchart of an absorption estimation method according to Embodiment 1; 4 is a flowchart of step S110 in Embodiment 1; FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of step S110 in Embodiment 1; FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of the atmospheric water balance method according to Embodiment 1; Fig. 2 shows a satellite image 231 according to Embodiment 1; 4 shows a forest area 232 according to Embodiment 1. FIG. FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of motion stereo according to Embodiment 1;

The same or corresponding elements are denoted by the same reference numerals in the embodiments and drawings. Descriptions of elements having the same reference numerals as those described will be omitted or simplified as appropriate. Arrows in the figure mainly indicate the flow of data or the flow of processing.

Embodiment 1.
Absorption amount estimation system 200 will be described based on FIGS. 1 to 10 .

*** Configuration description ***
The configuration of the absorbed amount estimation system 200 will be described based on FIG.
Absorption estimation system 200 includes positioning augmentation system 210 , receiver network 220 , observation satellite 230 , and absorption estimation device 100 .
Positioning augmentation system 210 is a system for positioning augmentation services. A specific example of a positioning augmentation service is the Centimeter Level Augmentation Service (CLAS).
The receiver network 220 is a plurality of receivers 221 for the satellite positioning system and the positioning augmentation system 210 . The satellite positioning system is called Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). A specific example of a satellite positioning system is the Global Positioning System (GPS).
The observation satellite 230 is an artificial satellite for observation. A specific example of observation satellite 230 is a SAR satellite. SAR satellites are artificial satellites equipped with Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR).
The absorption estimation device 100 estimates the absorption of carbon dioxide in each forest area.

The configuration of the absorbed amount estimating device 100 will be described based on FIG.
The absorbed amount estimation device 100 is a computer having hardware such as a processor 101 , a memory 102 , an auxiliary storage device 103 , a communication device 104 and an input/output interface 105 . These pieces of hardware are connected to each other via signal lines.

The processor 101 is an IC that performs arithmetic processing and controls other hardware. For example, processor 101 is a CPU.
IC is an abbreviation for Integrated Circuit.
CPU is an abbreviation for Central Processing Unit.

Memory 102 is a volatile or non-volatile storage device. Memory 102 is also referred to as main storage or main memory. For example, memory 102 is RAM. The data stored in the memory 102 is saved in the auxiliary storage device 103 as required.
RAM is an abbreviation for Random Access Memory.

Auxiliary storage device 103 is a non-volatile storage device. For example, the auxiliary storage device 103 is ROM, HDD, flash memory, or a combination thereof. Data stored in the auxiliary storage device 103 is loaded into the memory 102 as required.
ROM is an abbreviation for Read Only Memory.
HDD is an abbreviation for Hard Disk Drive.

Communication device 104 is a receiver and transmitter. For example, communication device 104 is a communication chip or NIC. Communication of the absorption estimation device 100 is performed using the communication device 104 .
NIC is an abbreviation for Network Interface Card.

The input/output interface 105 is a port to which an input device and an output device are connected. For example, the input/output interface 105 is a USB terminal, the input device is a keyboard and mouse, and the output device is a display. Input/output of the absorbed amount estimation apparatus 100 is performed using an input/output interface 105 .
USB is an abbreviation for Universal Serial Bus.

The absorption estimation apparatus 100 includes elements such as a precipitable water amount calculation unit 110 , an evapotranspiration potential calculation unit 120 , a forest feature identification unit 130 , an evapotranspiration ratio calculation unit 140 and an absorption calculation unit 150 . These elements are implemented in software.

The auxiliary storage device 103 stores an absorption estimation program for causing a computer to function as a precipitable water calculation unit 110, an evapotranspiration potential calculation unit 120, a forest feature identification unit 130, an evapotranspiration ratio calculation unit 140, and an absorption calculation unit 150. is stored. The absorption estimation program is loaded into memory 102 and executed by processor 101 .
The auxiliary storage device 103 further stores an OS. At least part of the OS is loaded into memory 102 and executed by processor 101 .
The processor 101 executes the absorbed amount estimation program while executing the OS.
OS is an abbreviation for Operating System.

The input/output data of the absorbed amount estimation program are stored in the storage unit 190 .
Memory 102 functions as storage unit 190 . However, a storage device such as the auxiliary storage device 103 , a register within the processor 101 and a cache memory within the processor 101 may function as the storage unit 190 instead of or together with the memory 102 .

Absorption amount estimation device 100 may include a plurality of processors in place of processor 101 .

The absorption estimation program can be computer-readable and recorded (stored) in a non-volatile recording medium such as an optical disc or flash memory.

The configuration of the positioning augmentation system 210 will be described based on FIG.
The positioning augmentation system 210 includes a plurality of positioning satellites 211 , a plurality of electronic reference points 212 , an information generation facility 213 and a quasi-zenith satellite 214 .
Each positioning satellite 211 emits a ranging signal. Information obtained by receiving ranging signals is referred to as "positioning information".
(1) Since the ranging signal passes through the ionosphere and troposphere, errors in positioning information occur due to ionospheric delay and tropospheric delay.
The direction from the receiver to each satellite is called the "slant direction".
The ionospheric and tropospheric delays in the slant direction are called "Slant Wet Delays". The abbreviation for the slant direction delay amount is SWD.
The slant direction delay amount is also referred to as "line-of-sight direction tropospheric delay amount".
(2) The information generation equipment 213 calculates the error amount of the positioning information based on the plurality of positioning information obtained from the plurality of electronic control points 212, and generates positioning augmentation information based on the error amount of the positioning information. The positioning augmentation information is information for correcting errors in positioning signals. The electronic reference points 212 are installed at approximately 1,300 locations in Japan, and the positioning augmentation information is generated using information obtained from the electronic reference points 212 at approximately 250 locations.
(3) The positioning augmentation information is distributed to user terminals 215 in various locations via quasi-zenith satellites 214 . The positioning augmentation information is compressed and distributed using the L6 signal.
(4) The user terminal 215 receives ranging signals from each positioning satellite 211 to obtain positioning information, and corrects the positioning information using positioning augmentation information. Then, the user terminal 215 performs positioning using the corrected positioning information.

***Description of operation***
The operation procedure of the absorption estimation system 200 corresponds to the absorption estimation method. Further, the procedure of operation of the absorption estimation device 100 corresponds to the procedure of processing by the absorption estimation program.

A method for estimating the amount of absorption will be described with reference to FIG.
In step S110, the precipitable water amount calculation unit 110 calculates the precipitable water amount of each grid mass for the three-dimensional grid 222 above the observation area based on the delay amount data and the meteorological observation data. A specific example of the observation area is Japan.

A three-dimensional grid 222 is predefined. For example, each grid mass is a cube with sides of 250 meters. Also, the height of the three-dimensional grid 222 from the ground surface is 11 kilometers.

Each square of the three-dimensional grid 222 is called a "grid square".
Each intersection point of the three-dimensional grid 222 is called a "grid point."

The delay amount data is data indicating the slant direction delay amount of each grid point.
The meteorological observation data is data indicating the meteorological observation amount of each area of the observation area. Meteorological observables are various observed values of weather. Specific meteorological observations include temperature and atmospheric pressure.

Data indicating the amount of precipitable water for each grid square is referred to as "precipitable water amount data".

The procedure of step S110 will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6. FIG.
In FIG. 6, a dotted line with an arrow represents the slant direction. Each circle on the dotted line with an arrow represents the amount of precipitable water. A receiver 221 is placed at each point in the observation area (Japan). Only one of the receivers 221 is given a code, and the codes of the other receivers 221 are omitted.

In step S<b>111 , each receiver 221 calculates the slant direction delay amount for each positioning satellite 211 .

Specifically, each receiver 221 receives a ranging signal from each positioning satellite 211 to obtain positioning information, and receives positioning augmentation information from the quasi-zenith satellite 214 . Then, each receiver 221 performs positioning calculation based on the positioning augmentation information and the positioning information for each positioning satellite 211, and calculates the slant direction delay amount based on the positioning augmentation information and the positioning residual.

In step S<b>112 , the precipitable water amount calculation unit 110 acquires the slant direction delay amount calculated for each positioning satellite 211 by each receiver 221 .
For example, the precipitable water amount calculation unit 110 receives the slant direction delay amount for each positioning satellite 211 from each receiver 221 .

Next, the precipitable water amount calculation unit 110 three-dimensionally expresses the precipitable water amount distribution by performing tomography analysis processing using the obtained plurality of slant direction delay amounts.
Specifically, the precipitable water amount calculation unit 110 executes a tomography analysis process incorporated in the method such as document (A).
Reference (A): Ding et al. (2018, AMT) "A new approach for GNSS tomography from a few GNSS stations"

In step S113, the precipitable water amount calculation unit 110 acquires weather observation data.
For example, the precipitable water amount calculation unit 110 receives meteorological observation data from a server that manages meteorological observation data.

Then, the precipitable water amount calculation unit 110 calculates the precipitable water amount of each grid mass based on the slant direction delay amount of each grid point and the meteorological observation amount (surface pressure, temperature) of each region.

Returning to FIG. 4, the description continues from step S120.
In step S120, the evapotranspiration calculation unit 120 calculates the evapotranspiration potential vertically above each mesh square, which is a rectangular area, with respect to the two-dimensional mesh on the surface of the observation area, based on the precipitable water content of each grid square. calculate. Evapotranspiration is the sum of evaporation from soil and transpiration from vegetation.
A two-dimensional mesh corresponds to the bottom surface of the three-dimensional grid 222 .
Each square of the two-dimensional mesh is called a "mesh square".
Each intersection of the two-dimensional mesh is called a "mesh point".

The evapotranspiration potential of each mesh mass is calculated by method (1) or method (2).

A method (1) for calculating the evapotranspiration potential ET of each mesh mass will be described.
Method (1) is the method disclosed in Document (1).
Literature (1): Makito Mori, 2 others, "Estimation of daily evapotranspiration using the relationship between GPS precipitable water and surface temperature", 2007, Journal of the Society of Agriculture and Rural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University

The evapotranspiration potential ET of each mesh mass is calculated as follows.
First, the precipitable water amount calculation unit 110 calculates the precipitable water amount PWV _S by totaling the precipitable water amounts PWV of the grid cells arranged in the vertical direction.
The amount of precipitable water PWV _S is the average amount of precipitable water in the zenith direction, and corresponds to the evapotranspiration potential ET of the mesh mass.
Next, the precipitable water amount calculator 110 multiplies the precipitable water amount PWV _S by a coefficient to calculate the surface water vapor pressure e _S . Coefficients are tuned by performing contrast and regression analyzes using weather observations. A specific example of the formula for monthly mean precipitable water PWV _S is shown below.

Then, the precipitable water amount calculation unit 110 calculates the evapotranspiration potential ET by calculating the Perman's equation in which the surface water vapor pressure _eS is substituted as " _ea ". The Pelman formula is expressed as follows.

f(u ₂ ) is the wind speed function and is expressed as follows.
f(u ₂ )=0.26(1+0.537u ₂ )

“R _n ”, net radiometric dose.
"G" is the geothermal heat flux.
"T _a " is the surface air temperature.
e _sat (T _a ) is the saturated water vapor pressure with respect to T _a .
"e _a " is the surface water vapor pressure.
“u ₂ ” is the wind speed at 2 meters altitude.
"Δ" is the slope of the saturated water vapor pressure curve.
"γ" is the psychrometric constant.
"l" is the latent heat of vaporization.

The above meteorological data is calculated using meteorological elements observed by meteorological observatories in the vicinity of the grid squares. Specific meteorological elements are atmospheric pressure, wind speed, temperature, water vapor pressure on the ground, and hours of sunshine, and each meteorological element is indicated by a daily average value.
The GPS precipitable water content is calculated based on the GNSS atmospheric delay, atmospheric pressure at the weather station, and air temperature at the weather station.

The net radiation dose R _n is rarely routinely measured, so it is calculated by calculating the following formula.

“S ₀ ” is the extra-atmospheric horizontal solar radiation.
"n" is the sunshine hours.
"N" is the illumination time.
"α" is the albedo.
"σ" is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant.
"a" and "b" are constants of the sunshine meter.

Method (2) for calculating the evapotranspiration amount E corresponding to the evapotranspiration potential of each mesh mass will be described.
Method (2) is the method disclosed in Document (2). Reference (2) discloses a method for estimating potential evapotranspiration at short intervals of less than one month.
Literature (2): Kazuaki Yorozu, "Establishment of Evapotranspiration Estimation Method by Applying GPS Precipitable Water to Air Water Balance Method", 2012, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Kyoto University Research Institute Fig. 7 shows the air water balance method Illustrate the concept.

The evapotranspiration E of each mesh mass is calculated as follows.
First, the precipitable water amount calculation unit 110 calculates the water content W by totaling the slant direction delay amounts of the grid squares arranged in the height direction. The water content W means the water content of the atmospheric column.
In addition, the precipitable water amount calculation unit 110 calculates the advection amount _∇ HQ by calculating the advection model using the slant direction delay amount of the grid masses arranged in the height direction as a parameter. The advection _∇ HQ means the advection from the entire side of the column of air.
The advection model is expressed in terms of advection vector and turbulence. The advection vector approximates the advection component with a linear expression of the position information. Appropriate spatial spacing (grid/mesh size) is required to obtain the advection vector. A three-dimensional grid 222 is an alternative to the advection model.
In addition, the precipitation amount calculation unit 110 acquires the amount of precipitation P. The amount of precipitation P is the amount of precipitation observed at the time corresponding to the amount of delay in the slant direction. For example, precipitation P is included in weather observation data.
Then, the precipitable water amount calculation unit 110 calculates the amount of evapotranspiration E by totaling the amount of precipitation P, the amount of water _W , and the amount of advection ∇ HQ .

The evapotranspiration amount E for each mesh mass can be expressed by the following formula.
E = P + W + ∇ _H Q

Returning to FIG. 4, the description continues from step S130.
In step S<b>130 , the forest feature identification unit 130 identifies forest features for each forest area in the observation area based on the satellite image 231 .
A satellite image 231 is an image showing the observation area and is obtained by the observation satellite 230 .
A forest area is an area where forest exists. A region corresponds to a mesh mass.
Specific forest characteristics include tree height, tree species and forest boundaries. Forest characteristics are also called 'land classification'.

The procedure of step S130 will be described below.
FIG. 8 shows a satellite image 231 partitioned by a two-dimensional mesh. Dark shading represents forest and light shading represents non-forest. Non-forest includes deforested land.
First, the forest feature identification unit 130 acquires the satellite image 231 . For example, forest feature identification unit 130 receives satellite image 231 from observation satellite 230 . Alternatively, forest feature identification unit 130 receives observation data from observation satellite 230 and generates satellite image 231 using the observation data.
Next, the forest feature identification unit 130 divides the satellite image 231 into two-dimensional meshes.

FIG. 9 shows multiple forest areas 232 . Each shaded square is a forest area.
Next, the forest feature identification unit 130 identifies mesh masses corresponding to each forest area by analyzing the satellite image 231 .

FIG. 10 shows the concept of motion stereo.
Then, the forest feature identification unit 130 identifies the forest features of each forest area by analyzing the satellite image 231 .
For example, the forest feature identification unit 130 identifies the height of trees as follows. First, the forest feature identification unit 130 measures the height of the tree canopy using the baseline information of the satellite image 231 . The forest feature identification unit 130 also acquires the height of the ground surface excluding trees from a digital elevation model (DEM) that has been prepared. The DEM may be stored in the storage unit 190 or managed by an external server. Then, the forest feature identification unit 130 calculates the height of the tree by subtracting the height of the ground surface from the height of the tree crown. By measuring the height of the tree crown, it is possible to reflect the latest growth of the tree.
Forest features may be identified using artificial intelligence (AI) or deep learning techniques.

Returning to FIG. 4, the description continues from step S140.
In step S140, the evapotranspiration ratio calculator 140 calculates the evapotranspiration ratio for each forest area based on the characteristics of the forest.
Evapotranspiration ratio is the ratio of transpiration from soil to transpiration from trees.
85% of the land of Japan is forest. And there are many forest-only areas, for example, ranging from 30 to 60 kilometers in diameter. This range corresponds to the measurement range of precipitable water content by one receiver.
Therefore, the amount of transpiration can be approximated to the evapotranspiration potential, and the output of the evapotranspiration ratio calculator 140 may be approximated to one.
Below, we will explain the thinned planted forests, villages and roads.

For example, the evapotranspiration ratio calculation unit 140 calculates forest areas and non-forest areas for each mesh square based on the forest features (tree height, tree type, and forest boundary) obtained by the forest feature identification unit 130. Calculate the area ratio of The calculated area ratio is the evapotranspiration ratio.
Non-forest areas include logging lands, villages and roads.

In step S150, the absorption calculation unit 150 calculates the absorption of carbon dioxide (CO2) for each forest area based on the evapotranspiration potential of the corresponding mesh mass and the evapotranspiration ratio.

The amount of CO2 absorbed by each forest area has the following relationships with various types of information.
Transpiration ∝ Photosynthesis ∝ CO2 absorption

Therefore, the CO2 absorption of each forest area is calculated as follows.
First, the absorption calculation unit 150 selects the evapotranspiration potential of the mesh mass corresponding to the forest area from the evapotranspiration potential calculated in step S120.
Also, the absorption calculation unit 150 selects the evapotranspiration ratio of the forest area from the evapotranspiration ratios calculated in step S140.
Next, the absorption calculation unit 150 multiplies the selected evapotranspiration potential by the selected evapotranspiration ratio to calculate the transpiration amount.
Then, the absorption calculation unit 150 multiplies the calculated transpiration amount by a proportional parameter (coefficient) to calculate the CO2 absorption amount.

The proportional parameter (coefficient) is tuned as follows.
It is generally known that the amount of transpiration is proportional to the amount of CO2 absorption due to the principle of photosynthesis.
Proportional parameters (coefficients) are obtained from the table based on tree type (such as broadleaf or conifer), tree height and leaf mass. The table is tuned based on commonly known calculation methods.

The following web pages (a-c) disclose information on CO2 absorption.
(a) https://kids. gakken. co. jp/kagaku/eco110/ecology0070/
(b) https://www. pref. wakayama. lg. jp/prefg/032000/gakusyu/program/tyugakko_d/fil/tyupro1-5. pdf
(c) http://www. nilim. go. jp/lab/ddg/naiyo/co2/co2. html

Then, the absorption calculation unit 150 outputs the absorption of carbon dioxide in each forest area. For example, the absorption calculator 150 displays the absorption of carbon dioxide in each forest area on the display.
For example, if one month's observations are made, the display will show the amount of carbon dioxide that the forest has absorbed in one month.

*** Effect of Embodiment 1 ***
According to Embodiment 1, the amount of CO2 absorption can be estimated based on the amount of transpiration in the forest. Therefore, "visualization" and "quantification" of CO2 absorption are possible.

Embodiment 1 utilizes various artificial satellites capable of observing data having uniformity in all weather conditions and over a wide area, and efficiently estimates the amount of CO2 absorption with a high degree of accuracy. In addition, since Embodiment 1 can be calculated based on the same standard regardless of region and size (scalable), it will contribute to crediting (calculation of consideration) of CO2 absorption by forests worldwide in the future. is.

*** Supplement to Embodiment 1 ***
The absorption estimation system 200 can be used as a calculation system for calculating the amount of precipitable water and the evapotranspiration potential.

Embodiment 1 is an example of preferred modes and is not intended to limit the technical scope of the present disclosure. Embodiment 1 may be partially implemented, or may be implemented in combination with other modes. The procedures described using flowcharts and the like may be changed as appropriate.

Absorption estimation device 100 may be realized by two or more devices.
The “unit”, which is an element of the absorption estimation device 100, may be implemented by software, hardware, firmware, or a combination thereof.
The "unit", which is an element of the absorption estimation device 100, may be read as "processing", "process", "circuit" or "circuitry".

100 absorption estimation device 101 processor 102 memory 103 auxiliary storage device 104 communication device 105 input/output interface 110 precipitable water calculation unit 120 evapotranspiration calculation unit 130 forest feature identification unit 140 evapotranspiration ratio Calculation unit 150 absorption calculation unit 190 storage unit 200 absorption estimation system 210 positioning augmentation system 211 positioning satellite 212 electronic reference point 213 information generation equipment 214 quasi-zenith satellite 215 user terminal 220 receiver network, 221 receivers, 222 three-dimensional grids, 230 observation satellites, 231 satellite images, 232 forest areas.

Claims (9)

Based on the delay amount data indicating the slant direction delay amount of each grid point with respect to the three-dimensional grid above the observation area and the meteorological observation data indicating the meteorological observation amount of each region of the observation area, the three-dimensional a precipitable water amount calculation unit that calculates the precipitable water amount of each grid mass with respect to the grid;
an evapotranspiration calculation unit that calculates the evapotranspiration potential vertically above each mesh square, which is a rectangular area, with respect to the two-dimensional mesh on the surface of the observation area, based on the amount of precipitable water of each grid square;
a forest feature identifying unit that identifies forest features for each forest area in the observation area based on a satellite image of the observation area;
an evapotranspiration ratio calculation unit that calculates an evapotranspiration ratio, which is the ratio of the amount of evaporation from the soil to the amount of transpiration from the trees, for each forest area, based on the characteristics of the forest;
an absorption amount calculation unit that calculates the absorption amount of carbon dioxide based on the evapotranspiration potential of the corresponding mesh mass and the evapotranspiration ratio for each forest area;
Absorption estimation system with The absorption estimation system further comprises:
a plurality of positioning satellites that emit ranging signals;
a plurality of receivers arranged at different points in the observation area;
Each of the plurality of receivers calculates a slant direction delay amount for each positioning satellite,
The absorption estimation system according to claim 1, wherein the precipitable water amount calculation unit projects each slant direction delay amount onto each grid point, calculates the slant direction delay amount of each grid point, and generates the delay amount data. . The forest feature identification unit divides the satellite image into two-dimensional meshes, identifies mesh masses corresponding to each forest area by analyzing the satellite image, and analyzes the satellite image to identify the forest in each forest area. 3. An absorption estimation system according to claim 1 or claim 2, which specifies the features of: The absorption calculation unit calculates the amount of transpiration by multiplying the evapotranspiration potential by the evapotranspiration ratio, and calculates the amount of absorption by multiplying the calculated amount of transpiration by a proportional parameter. Absorption amount estimation system according to any one of claims 1 to 3. Based on the delay amount data indicating the slant direction delay amount of each grid point with respect to the three-dimensional grid above the observation area and the meteorological observation data indicating the meteorological observation amount of each region of the observation area, the three-dimensional Calculate the precipitable water content of each grid mass for the grid,
Based on the precipitable water content of each grid mass, calculating the evapotranspiration position vertically above each mesh mass, which is a rectangular region, with respect to the two-dimensional mesh on the surface of the observation region,
Based on the satellite image of the observation area, identifying the characteristics of the forest for each forest area in the observation area,
For each forest area, calculate the evapotranspiration ratio, which is the ratio of the amount of evaporation from the soil to the amount of transpiration from the trees, based on the characteristics of the forest,
A method for estimating the amount of absorption of carbon dioxide for each forest area, based on the evapotranspiration potential of the corresponding mesh mass and the evapotranspiration ratio. Based on the delay amount data indicating the slant direction delay amount of each grid point with respect to the three-dimensional grid above the observation area and the meteorological observation data indicating the meteorological observation amount of each region of the observation area, the three-dimensional a precipitable water amount calculation unit that calculates the precipitable water amount of each grid mass with respect to the grid;
an evapotranspiration calculation unit that calculates the evapotranspiration potential vertically above each mesh square, which is a rectangular area, with respect to the two-dimensional mesh on the surface of the observation area, based on the amount of precipitable water of each grid square;
a forest feature identifying unit that identifies forest features for each forest area in the observation area based on a satellite image of the observation area;
an evapotranspiration ratio calculation unit that calculates an evapotranspiration ratio, which is the ratio of the amount of evaporation from the soil to the amount of transpiration from the trees, for each forest area, based on the characteristics of the forest;
For each forest area, an absorption amount calculation unit that calculates the absorption amount of carbon dioxide based on the evapotranspiration potential of the corresponding mesh mass and the evapotranspiration ratio,
Absorption estimation program to make the computer work. Based on the delay amount data indicating the slant direction delay amount of each grid point with respect to the three-dimensional grid above the observation area and the meteorological observation data indicating the meteorological observation amount of each region of the observation area, the three-dimensional A calculation system comprising a precipitable water quantity calculator for calculating the precipitable water quantity of each grid mass for a grid. Based on the delay amount data indicating the slant direction delay amount of each grid point with respect to the three-dimensional grid above the observation area and the meteorological observation data indicating the meteorological observation amount of each region of the observation area, the three-dimensional a precipitable water amount calculation unit that calculates the precipitable water amount of each grid mass with respect to the grid;
an evapotranspiration calculation unit that calculates the evapotranspiration potential vertically above each mesh square, which is a rectangular area, with respect to the two-dimensional mesh on the surface of the observation area, based on the amount of precipitable water of each grid square;
A calculation system comprising: The calculation system further comprises:
a plurality of positioning satellites that emit ranging signals;
a plurality of receivers arranged at different points in the observation area;
Each of the plurality of receivers calculates a slant direction delay amount for each positioning satellite,
9. The precipitable water amount calculation unit according to claim 7 or 8, wherein each slant direction delay amount is projected onto each grid point to calculate the slant direction delay amount of each grid point, thereby generating the delay amount data. calculation system.

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