JP2022552775A - 音響プロセスで使用する粒子 - Google Patents
音響プロセスで使用する粒子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2022552775A JP2022552775A JP2022513526A JP2022513526A JP2022552775A JP 2022552775 A JP2022552775 A JP 2022552775A JP 2022513526 A JP2022513526 A JP 2022513526A JP 2022513526 A JP2022513526 A JP 2022513526A JP 2022552775 A JP2022552775 A JP 2022552775A
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- particles
- lipid
- droplets
- particle
- biotin
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Abstract
Description
音響泳動とは、少なくとも部分的に、音響定在波や音響進行波などの音響を使用して物質を分離することをいう。音響コントラスト因子(acoustic contrast factor)としても知られている音響によって影響を受ける可能性のある密度及び/又は圧縮率を含むパラメータが、粒子と流体との間で差がある場合、定在波又は進行波を含む音響波は流体内の粒子に力を及ぼすことができる。定在波の圧力プロファイルには、定在波の節(nodes)で圧力振幅が減少した領域と、定在波の腹(anti-nodes)で圧力振幅が増加した領域とを含む。粒子は、例えば、その密度及び圧縮率に応じて、定在波の節又は腹に駆動される。一般的に、音響定在波の周波数が高いほど、操作できる粒子は小さくなる。
いくつかの例では、PFH、PFOB、及びPFDが液滴製造に使用された。PFHで作られた液滴の詳細な結果をここに示す。脂質溶液は、狭い容器内でPFH液体と混合される。密度の高いPFH液体は容器の下部に落ちる傾向があり、脂質溶液は上に上がる傾向がある。脂質溶液とPFH液体はどちらも透明であるが、シャープな界面が見られる。小さなサイズの液滴を作るために、容器内のPFH液体の量は、好ましくは、例えば、最小に制限される。脂質溶液の体積に対するPFHの体積の比率が増加すると、例えば、特定の超音波処理能力がプラトー(plateau)に達するまで、液滴のサイズが増加する。PFH液体は表面張力値が低いため、強度が低くなる。従って、超音波処理の振幅は、表面張力の値を打ち勝つように適切に選択される。超音波音響波の入力は、パルスモードで提供することができる。いくつかの例では、超音波音響波の連続モードを回避してもよい。ホーンの先端は、PFHと脂質溶液との界面に配置してもよい。界面での先端の配置は、液滴のサイズ分布の一貫性に影響を与え、またいくつかの例では重要である。超音波処理に異なるサイズの容器を使用すると、サイズ分布が変わる可能性がある。気泡(bubble)や泡(foam)の形成を避けるために、ホーンは溶液の十分内側に配置される。この例では、気泡溶液ではなく液滴溶液を調製することを目的にしているため、狭い容器を透明な低温槽に沈めている。透明な低温槽は、塩の過飽和溶液を作り、その塩溶液を-20℃の冷凍庫に保存することによって作られる。これらの実験で使用されたホーンソニケータの先端の直径は0.5インチである。
〔小さな液滴のプロトコル〕
1.脂質-PFH溶液を超音波処理する。
a.ホーンソニケータ:0.5インチのプローブと750ワットの最大電力。
2.キュベットに、2mlのパーフルオロヘキサンを注ぐ。
3.同じキュベットに4mlの脂質溶液を注ぐ(使用する前に脂質溶液のストックを非常に穏やかに振る)。
4.ソニケータの先端をパーフルオロヘキサンと脂質溶液の界面に置く。
5.サンプルホルダの冷却には透明な低温槽を使用する。
6.超音波処理パラメータ(PFH):13%振幅、2秒オン:8秒オフ、合計処理時間10秒。
7.遠心分離(2%BSAを含む緩衝液を使用)。
〔大きな液滴のプロトコル〕
1.15mlの遠心分離管で、4mlのPFHと6mlの脂質溶液を混合する。
2.穏やかに混合した後、30mlビーカーに溶液を注ぐ。
3.ホモジナイザ(IKA T25 ULTRA TURRAX)を10,000rpmで45秒間使用する。
4.遠心分離(2%BSAを含む緩衝液を使用)。
〔実施例1〕ネガティブ選択に使用されるパーフルオロヘキサン液滴
小さな液滴の製造プロトコル(超音波処理):脂質-PFH溶液は、ホーンソニケータ(0.5インチプローブ、最大出力750ワット)を使用して超音波処理される。キュベットに、2mlのパーフルオロヘキサンと4mlの脂質溶液を注ぐ。ソニケータの先端は、パーフルオロヘキサンと脂質溶液の界面に配置された。サンプルホルダの冷却には、透明な低温槽を使用した。13%の超音波処理振幅が使用され、パルスモードで動作した。2秒のオンと8秒のオフのパルス波を5回使用して、有効な超音波処理時間を10秒とした。超音波処理により高度に多分散の集団が生成されるため、非常に小さな液滴を取り除くために複数回の遠心分離洗浄を実行した。遠心分離中の洗浄と希釈には2%BSA-DPBS緩衝液を使用した。図4は、遠心分離ステップ後の最終的なサイズ分布を示している。サンプルのサイズ測定には、ベックマンコールターカウンタ(マルチサイザ)を使用した。
目的:ロイコパックからCD4+及びCD8+T細胞を単離する。
目的:ロイコパックからCD4+及びCD8+T細胞を単離し、細胞から液滴を溶出する。
音響親和性セル選択(AACS)に使用される液滴は、ストレプトアビジンの脱グリコシル化された形態であるニュートラアビジンでコーティングされている。ニュートラアビジンはビオチンに対して非常に高い親和性(KD=10-15)を有している。液滴上のニュートラアビジンが単位表面積当たりに結合できるビオチンの量(ビオチン結合容量)は、AACSカラムでの結合の成功を改善するために計算される。蛍光ビオチン(ビオチン-APC結合体)は、ニュートラアビジンで液滴に標識されている。蛍光が較正され、ビオチン結合がフローサイトメトリを使用して測定される。図6は、通常のビオチン液滴に対するビオチン結合容量を示している。図7は、デスチオビオチン液滴の結合容量を示している。どちらのタイプの液滴も、同様のビオチン結合容量を有している。ビオチン結合容量は、液滴表面の6~12pmolビオチン/cm2の間でバッチごとに異なる。図6及び図7は、y軸にカウント数を示し、x軸に平均蛍光強度を示している。デスチオビオチン液滴結合容量のプロットには、通常のビオチン液滴の単一プロットと比較して2つのピークがある。デスチオビオチン液滴のプロットの2番目のピークは、測定に使用されたビオチン-APCの使用に起因する可能性がある。ビオチンAPCがニュートラアビジンからのデスチオビオチン液滴を置き換えた可能性があり、2番目のピークはそのようなクラスタからのシグナルである可能性がある。
〔試験2〕
〔試験3〕
Claims (21)
- 粒子を製造するための方法であって、
脂質化合物を調製することと、
パーフルオロカーボンを前記液体化合物と組み合わせることと、
前記組み合せを撹拌することと、を含む、方法。 - 請求項1の方法において、
遠心分離、超音波処理、均質化又は機械的攪拌のうちの1つ又は複数によって前記組み合わせを攪拌することを更に含む、方法。 - 請求項1の方法において、
所定の粒子サイズ分布を達成するために前記組み合わせを攪拌することを更に含む、方法。 - 請求項3の方法において、
前記粒子サイズ分布は、約400nmから約300μmの範囲にある、方法。 - 請求項1の方法において、
各脂質の特性に基づいた順序で、互いに異なる脂質を組み合わせて前記脂質化合物を調製することを更に含む、方法。 - 請求項5の方法において、
脂質溶媒で溶液を調製することと、
前記溶液を加熱することと、
溶解性の順に、互いに異なる前記脂質を前記溶液に加えることと、を更に含む、方法。 - 請求項1の方法において、
前記脂質化合物は、DPPA、DPPC、DSPC、PEG40ステアリン酸、DSPE-mPEG(2000)、DSPE-PEG(2000)-ビオチン、DSPE-PEG-5000-ビオチン、DSPE-PEG(2000)-デスチオビオチン、PBS緩衝液、グリセロール、プロピレングリコール又はDSPE-PEG(2000)-マレイミドの1つ又は複数を含む、方法。 - 請求項1の方法において、
前記パーフルオロカーボンは、パーフルオロペンタン、パーフルオロヘキサン、パーフルオロオクタン、パーフルオロオクチルブロミド、パーフルオロジクロロオクタン又はパーフルオロデカリンのうちの1つ又は複数である、方法。 - 請求項1の方法において、
リンカーで前記粒子を機能化することを更に含む、方法。 - 請求項9の方法において、
前記リンカーは可逆的である、方法。 - 請求項9の方法において、
前記リンカーは、アビジン、ニュートラアビジン、ストレプトアビジン、キャプトアビジン、ビオチン、デスチオビオチン、抗体、アプタマー又はオリゴマーのうちの1つ又は複数を含む、方法。 - 請求項1の方法において、
安定剤又は界面活性剤を前記粒子に適用することを更に含む、方法。 - 請求項1乃至12のいずれかの方法によって製造された粒子。
- 細胞選択に使用するための粒子であって、
パーフルオロカーボンのコアと、
前記コアの少なくとも一部を覆う脂質のシェルと、を有し、
前記脂質のシェルはリンカーで機能化されている、粒子。 - 請求項14の粒子において、
複数の粒子を更に有し、
前記粒子の粒子サイズ分布は、約400nmから約300μmの範囲にある、粒子。 - 請求項14の粒子において、
前記脂質のシェルは、互いに異なる脂質の組み合わせを更に有する、粒子。 - 請求項16の粒子において、
前記脂質のシェルは、DPPA、DPPC、DSPC、PEG40ステアリン酸、DSPE-mPEG(2000)、DSPE-PEG(2000)-ビオチン、DSPE-PEG-5000-ビオチン、DSPE-PEG(2000)-デスチオビオチン、PBS緩衝液、グリセロール、プロピレングリコール又はDSPE-PEG(2000)-マレイミドの1つ又は複数を含む、粒子。 - 請求項14の粒子において、
前記パーフルオロカーボンのコアは、パーフルオロペンタン、パーフルオロヘキサン、パーフルオロオクタン、パーフルオロオクチルブロミド、パーフルオロジクロロオクタン又はパーフルオロデカリンのうちの1つ又は複数を含む、粒子。 - 請求項14の粒子において、
前記リンカーは、アビジン、ニュートラアビジン、ストレプトアビジン、キャプトアビジン、ビオチン、デスチオビオチン、抗体、アプタマー又はオリゴマーのうちの1つ又は複数を含む、粒子。 - 請求項14の粒子において、
安定剤又は界面活性剤を更に有する、粒子。 - 流体から標的粒子を分離するための方法であって、
チャンバ内の流体における請求項14の機能化された粒子を受けることと、
前記チャンバ内の標的粒子を受けることと、
前記標的粒子が前記機能化された粒子と結合できるようにすることと、
音響波を前記チャンバに印加して、前記音響波によって収集又は阻止されるように前記機能化された粒子に影響を与えることと、を含む、方法。
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