JP2022539315A - 生体組織の置換および再生のためのプラグ形状インプラント、ならびにインプラントを調製するための方法 - Google Patents
生体組織の置換および再生のためのプラグ形状インプラント、ならびにインプラントを調製するための方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【選択図】図1A
Description
a)室温の型内に、生体適合性金属、セラミック、リン酸塩鉱物などの鉱物、およびポリマー、任意選択でヒドロゲルポリマー、ならびにそれらの組み合わせのうちの1つを含む基部区域材料を含む基部区域と、基部区域の上に熱可塑性エラストマー材料の粒状物と、を提供するステップであって、熱可塑性材料が、ウレタンおよび尿素基を含む線状ブロックコポリマーを含む、提供するステップと、
b)型を閉鎖し、熱可塑性エラストマー材料が溶融され、基部区域と融合するように、1~2GPaの圧力下で100℃~250℃の温度まで上のアセンブリを加熱するステップと、
c)アセンブリを室温まで冷却して、熱可塑性エラストマー材料を固め、型を開放するステップと、
d)型を開放する前または後のいずれかに、熱可塑性エラストマー材料の上部区域に細孔を設けるステップと、を含む、方法が提供される。
-ジオールをジイソシアネートと反応させることによってイソシアネート末端プレポリマーを調製することと、
-ジアミンによる鎖延長によってイソシアネート末端プレポリマーを重合することと、を含み、
上記ステップが、軟骨再生特性を有するペプチド化合物の除外下で実施される。
実施例1:ポリカーボネート-脂肪族:ポリ(ヘキシレンカーボネートウレタン)-ビス-尿素生体材料MVH313、下記の表1を参照のこと。
応力緩和試験を、実施例1~4の2つの芳香族ポリマーおよび2つの脂肪族ポリマーで、ならびにUtrecht Medical Centreから入手した3つのウマ軟骨検体で実施した。検体(例えば、ポリマークラス)およびそれらの寸法の説明を表1に列挙している。Instron Electropulse E10000を使用して、各検体を0.005s-1のひずみ速度で0.05mm/mmのひずみまで圧縮し、これを1800秒間一定に保った。全ての試験を3回行った。試験中、負荷、変位、および時間を記録し、その後、応力緩和曲線をデータから得た。応力緩和を、以下の式:G(t)=σ(t)/ε0(式中σ(t)は圧縮応力、ε0は設定(一定)ひずみである)を使用して、応力緩和の開始時(G(0))および応力緩和の開始後1800秒(G(1800))の応力緩和率G(t)を決定することによって示す。
インプラント1を、骨アンカーとして働くPEKK基部区域2に上部区域4を取り付けることによって製造した。本発明の実施形態による方法では、脂肪族ポリカーボネートポリマーの小さい粒状物をPEKKアンカーの上およびその中に押圧することによって、PEKK骨アンカーをポリ-ウレタン-尿素-ヘキシレンカーボネート生体材料で覆った。この目的のために、特注の押圧装置を使用した。様々な温度(100℃~約150℃)、圧縮力(2kN~約4kN)、および方法を試験した。150℃の温度を採用し、40kNの(4トン、または4000kg;1.4GPaの圧力に対応する)圧縮力を使用する2ステップ手順を使用して、最良の結果を得た。150℃よりも低い温度は、あまり均質的に押圧されていないポリ-ウレタン-尿素-ヘキシレンカーボネート生体材料層(区域3および4)を与えるように見えたが、より高い温度は、ポリ-ウレタン-尿素-ヘキシレンカーボネート生体材料中の尿素基がある程度劣化する場合があるため、あまり望ましくない。第1のステップでは、約50mgのポリマー12をPEKK骨アンカー上およびその中に15分間押圧し、一方、第2のステップでは、約2mgのポリマー12を装置に添加し、同じ条件(150℃および40kN)下でさらに15分間試料を押圧した。その後、試料を圧縮装置から取り出し、次いで冷却した。第2の押圧ステップの後、基部区域2の上のポリ-ウレタン-尿素-ヘキシレンカーボネート生体材料層(区域3および4)の表面は、実質的に平坦であるように見えた。生体材料は、ほぼ透明かつ無色であった。生体材料の縁部には、いくつかの房またはほつれが見られ、これらをメスを使用して除去した。
インプラント1の別の実施形態を、骨アンカーとして働くチタン基部区域2に上部区域4を取り付けることによって製造した。使用したチタンは、容易に商業的に入手可能である合金Ti6A14Vであった。チタン基部区域に、約300ミクロンの平均孔径を有する細孔を設けた。本発明の実施形態による方法では、脂肪族ポリカーボネートポリマーの小さい粒状物をチタンアンカーの細孔の上およびその中に押圧することによって、チタン骨アンカーをポリ-ウレタン-尿素-ヘキシレンカーボネート生体材料で覆った。この目的のために、前の実施例で使用したものと同じ特注の押圧装置を使用した。150℃の温度を採用し、40kNの(4トン、または4000kg;1.4GPaの圧力に対応する)圧縮力を使用する2ステップ手順を使用して、この場合も最適な結果を得た。第1のステップでは、約50mgのエラストマーポリマーをチタン骨アンカー上およびその中に15分間押圧し、一方、第2のステップでは、約2mgのエラストマーポリマーを装置に添加し、同じ条件(150℃および40kN)下でさらに15分間試料を押圧した。その後、試料を圧縮装置から取り出し、次いで冷却した。第2の押圧ステップの後、基部区域2の上のポリ-ウレタン-尿素-ヘキシレンカーボネート生体材料層(区域3および4)の表面は、実質的に平坦であるように見えた。生体材料は、ほぼ透明かつ無色であった。生体材料のいくつかの縁部には、房またはほつれが見られ、これらをメスを使用して除去した。
Claims (25)
- プラグの形状の、生体組織の置換および再生のための非生分解性インプラントであって、骨組織内に固定するために構成された基部区域と、軟骨層の中間および深部ゾーンの軟骨組織を置換し、かつ軟骨組織をその上および中に成長させ、したがって前記軟骨層の表在ゾーンを再生するために構成された上部区域と、を含み、前記上部区域が、多孔質熱可塑性エラストマー材料を含み、前記熱可塑性エラストマー材料が、ウレタンおよび尿素基を含む線状ブロックコポリマーを含み、前記基部区域材料が、生体適合性金属、セラミック、リン酸塩鉱物などの鉱物、およびポリマー、任意選択でヒドロゲルポリマー、ならびにそれらの組み合わせのうちの1つを含み、前記熱可塑性エラストマー材料が、カーボネート基をさらに含む、インプラント。
- 前記熱可塑性エラストマー材料が、軟骨再生特性を有するさらなるペプチド化合物を実質的に含まない、請求項1に記載のインプラント。
- 前記熱可塑性エラストマー材料が、ポリ-ウレタン-ビス尿素-アルキレンカーボネートを含む、先行請求項のいずれか一項に記載のインプラント。
- 前記熱可塑性エラストマー材料が、脂肪族である、先行請求項のいずれか一項に記載のインプラント。
- 前記多孔質エラストマー材料が、8MPa未満、より好ましくは6MPa未満、さらにより好ましくは4MPa未満の室温での弾性率を有する、先行請求項のいずれか一項に記載のインプラント。
- 前記基部区域が、非多孔質基部区域材料のコア、および多孔質基部区域材料の外周シェルを含み、前記シェルが、前記基部区域の最大直径の10%未満である厚さを有する、先行請求項のいずれか一項に記載のインプラント。
- 前記基部区域が、上面と下面との間に延在し、多孔質基部区域材料の層を含み、前記層が、前記上面に隣接し、前記基部区域の最大高さの10%未満である厚さを有し、前記層内の前記基部区域材料の細孔が、生体適合性エラストマー材料を含む、先行請求項のいずれか一項に記載のインプラント。
- 前記基部区域材料が、チタン、ジルコニウム、クロム、アルミニウム、ステンレス鋼、ハフニウム、タンタル、もしくはモリブデン、およびそれらの合金、またはそれらの任意の組み合わせから選択される金属を含む、先行請求項のいずれか一項に記載のインプラント。
- 前記基部区域材料が、酸化物、窒化物、炭化物、およびホウ化物、もしくはそれらの任意の組み合わせから選択されるセラミックまたは鉱物を含む、先行請求項のいずれか一項に記載のインプラント。
- 前記基部区域材料が、コラーゲン、ポリ(乳酸-co-グリコール酸)(PLGA)、ポリ乳酸(PLA)、ポリカプロラクトン(PCL)、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA)、ポリビニルピロリドン(PVP)、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリウレタン、ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)、キチン、ポリ(ヒドロキシアルキルメタクリレート)、水膨潤性N-ビニルラクタム、デンプングラフトコポリマー、ならびにそれらの誘導体および組み合わせから選択される(ヒドロゲル)ポリマーを含む、先行請求項のいずれか一項に記載のインプラント。
- 前記基部区域材料が、非ヒドロゲルポリマーを含み、好ましくはポリエーテル-ケトン-ケトン(PEKK)、ポリエーテル-エーテル-ケトン(PEEK)、およびポリエーテル-ケトン-エーテル-ケトン-ケトン(PEKEKK)などのポリアリールエーテルケトンポリマーを含む、先行請求項のいずれか一項に記載のインプラント。
- 前記ポリアリールエーテルケトンポリマーの総体積に対して、20%未満の多孔度を有する実質的に非多孔質のポリアリールエーテルケトンポリマーを含む、請求項11に記載のインプラント。
- 前記基部区域が、非多孔質ポリアリールエーテルケトンポリマーを含む、請求項11または12に記載のインプラント。
- 好ましくは前記基部区域内に提供される、医用撮像用の造影剤もしくは放射性薬剤、または本体をさらに含む、先行請求項のいずれか一項に記載のインプラント。
- 前記基部区域の前記上面が、凹凸または起伏を含む、先行請求項のいずれか一項に記載のインプラント。
- 前記基部区域が、前記エラストマー材料を含む中央に位置する空洞を含む、先行請求項のいずれか一項に記載のインプラント。
- 前記基部区域が、凹凸または起伏を有する外面を含む、先行請求項のいずれか一項に記載のインプラント。
- 前記基部区域の高さ、および前記多孔質上部区域の高さが、前記インプラントの上面が移植されたときに骨軟骨構造上に存在する軟骨の上面の下方、好ましくは0.1~1mmの距離にくるように選択される、先行請求項のいずれか一項に記載のインプラント。
- 前記基部区域の高さ、および前記多孔質上部区域の高さが、前記上部区域の下面が移植されたときに骨軟骨構造上に存在する軟骨の下面とほぼ同じレベルにくるように選択される、先行請求項のいずれか一項に記載のインプラント。
- 15mm~150mmの範囲の矢状面および/または内側-外側面の曲率半径を有する、わずかに湾曲した上面を有する上部区域を含む、先行請求項のいずれか一項に記載のインプラント。
- 前記基部区域材料が、線維状もしくは粒子状のポリマーおよび/または金属からなる群から選択される補強材料を含む、先行請求項のいずれか一項に記載のインプラント。
- 先行請求項のいずれか一項に記載のインプラントの調製のための方法であって、
a)室温の型内に、生体適合性金属、セラミック、リン酸塩鉱物などの鉱物、およびポリマー、任意選択でヒドロゲルポリマー、ならびにそれらの組み合わせのうちの1つを含む基部区域材料を含む基部区域と、前記基部区域の上に熱可塑性エラストマー材料の粒状物と、を提供することであって、前記熱可塑性材料が、ウレタンおよび尿素基を含む線状ブロックコポリマーを含む、提供することと、
b)前記型を閉鎖し、前記熱可塑性エラストマー材料が溶融され、前記基部区域と融合するように、1~2GPaの圧力下で100℃~250℃の温度まで上のアセンブリを加熱することと、
c)前記アセンブリを室温まで冷却して、前記熱可塑性エラストマー材料を固め、前記型を開放することと、
d)前記型を開放する前または後のいずれかに、前記熱可塑性エラストマー材料の上部区域に細孔を設けることと、を含む、方法。 - 前記熱可塑性エラストマー材料が、軟骨再生特性を有するさらなるペプチド化合物を実質的に含まない、請求項22に記載の方法。
- ステップb)の後に、前記型が開放され、追加の前記熱可塑性エラストマー材料の粒状物が、前記型に添加され、ステップb)が繰り返される、請求項22または23に記載の方法。
- 請求項1~21のいずれか一項に記載のインプラントを含む骨軟骨構造であって、前記インプラントの上面が、前記骨軟骨構造上の軟骨層の上面の下方、好ましくは0.1~1mmの距離にくる、骨軟骨構造。
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PCT/NL2020/050413 WO2020263088A1 (en) | 2019-06-27 | 2020-06-23 | Plug-shaped implant for the replacement and regeneration of biological tissue and method for preparing the implant |
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