JP2022539134A - Carbon dioxide capture, products incorporating or produced using captured carbon dioxide, and economic benefits associated with such products - Google Patents

Abstract

The present disclosure provides methods whereby a product can be prepared in a manner that adds value to the product that exceeds the market value of such product, and the present disclosure is directed to the production of a product towards processing that yields a positive net result. We further provide a method for optimizing The method of preparing the product can utilize a synthetic oxide compound and, depending on the order of combination, can modify the synthetic oxide compound by combining with both the carbon dioxide and the second component. [Selection drawing] Fig. 1

Description

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE The present disclosure relates to carbon capture and/or sequestration that is carbon reduction, net carbon neutral, or net carbon negative. More particularly, the present disclosure is modified for the capture and/or sequestration of carbon dioxide, which itself is a carbon-neutral component or a carbon-negative component, or which is removed from or reaches the atmosphere. It relates to materials formed from hindered carbon. The present disclosure further encompasses methods of monetizing one or more economic benefits or incentives that are or will be available from one or more third parties (private or public), and that such economic commercial benefits or incentives associated with products formed to be low-carbon, carbon-neutral, or carbon-negative directly from the incorporation of carbon dioxide therein and/or from preparation with at least one carbon-depleted ingredient; be done.

BACKGROUND Means of reducing carbon emissions (particularly carbon dioxide) and means of capturing carbon dioxide (from anthropogenic or atmospheric sources) in order to effectively reduce the amount of carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere There is an increasing demand for Despite the environmental benefits associated with this goal, the economic impacts particularly associated with existing industrial practices remain a major obstacle to implementing sustainable solutions.

In order to offset the economic impact of implementing carbon-neutral and carbon-negative industrial practices, both public authorities and private companies provide various economic benefits and/or incentives to undertake such industrial practices. established a program. For example, the bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 provides for carbon capture in various industries such as power generation, ethanol and fertilizer production, natural gas processing, chemical production, refining, steel and cement production, and direct air capture. 26 U.S.A., intended to increase private capital investment in technology. S. C. Enacted reforms to §45Q (“Credits for Carbon Oxide Sequestration”). Products that incorporate captured carbon dioxide and are useful in downstream applications to improve the performance of carbon-neutral and carbon-negative industrial practices, methods of providing such products, and such products, their formation , and methods of monetizing economic benefits and/or incentives (eg, tax credits) that may be associated with their use.

The present disclosure relates to carbon capture and/or sequestration from low carbon to net carbon neutral, preferably net carbon negative, depending on the system boundary definition. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to materials modified for carbon dioxide sequestration or utilization, either directly or indirectly through the incorporation of carbon dioxide into other chemicals or chemical complexes. The present disclosure further relates to methods of realizing economic benefits and/or incentives that may be associated with carbon capture and/or sequestration into materials and products that may subsequently be formed from such materials.

In one or more embodiments, the present disclosure can provide methods of preparing products. The methods can be particularly effective in imparting economic benefits to products beyond their typical market value, at least in part through production methods that are beneficial in climate and/or carbon management. Specifically, the method of production may have a carbon-reducing effect, may be carbon-neutral, or may be carbon-negative. In some embodiments, such a method comprises combining the second component and the synthetic oxide compound to form an intermediate; adding carbon dioxide to the intermediate so that it is combined to form a carbon modified product having an economic benefit associated therewith. In further embodiments, such methods can be defined in terms of one or more of the following, which may be combined in any number and order.
The method can further include forming a compound of the synthetic oxide.
Forming the synthetic oxide compound can include removing carbon dioxide from the starting carbonate compound.
At least a portion of the carbon dioxide removed from the starting carbonate compound may be carbon-trapped.
The synthetic oxide compounds can include one or more of alkali oxide compounds, alkaline oxide compounds, transition metal oxide compounds and crystalline oxide compounds.
The second component can include one or more of silicates, aluminas, oxides, water, cellulosic components, lignin-based components, and hemicellulosic components.
Carbon-modified products can include one or more of concrete products, steel products, asphalt products, and plastic products.
The method can further include determining the net benefit of the carbon modification product as the difference between the value of the economic benefits associated with the carbon modification product and the costs associated with preparing the carbon modification product.

In a further embodiment, a method according to the present disclosure comprises at least partially solid carbon dioxide, such that at least a majority of the carbon dioxide reacts with the synthetic oxide compound to form a synthetic carbonate compound that is at least partially in solid form. and combining the synthetic carbonate compound with a second component to form a carbon modified product having an economic benefit associated therewith. can. Further, the method can be defined in terms of one or more of the following, which may be combined in any number and order.
The method can further include forming a compound of the synthetic oxide.
Forming the synthetic oxide compound can include removing carbon dioxide from the starting carbonate compound.
At least a portion of the carbon dioxide removed from the starting carbonate compound may be carbon-trapped.
The synthetic oxide compounds can include one or more of alkali oxide compounds, alkaline oxide compounds, transition metal oxide compounds and crystalline oxide compounds.
The second component can include one or more of silicates, aluminas, oxides, water, cellulosic components, lignin-based components, and hemicellulosic components.
Carbon-modified products can include one or more of concrete products, steel products, asphalt products, and plastic products.
The method can further include determining the net benefit of the carbon modification product as the difference between the value of the economic benefits associated with the carbon modification product and the costs associated with preparing the carbon modification product.

In one or more embodiments, the present disclosure may relate to methods of optimizing product production. Such methods may include performing one or more steps that may add value to the product for reasons such as carbon incentives, or climate incentives that may occur in the formed product. In exemplary embodiments, such methods comprise performing one or more production steps effective for each carbon-altered product to impart economic benefits associated with one or both of carbon incentives and climate incentives. determining the cost associated with the preparation of each of a plurality of carbon modification products prepared by a method comprising; determining the value of the economic benefits associated with each carbon modification product; determining the net benefit as the difference between the economic benefit value associated with each of the modified products and the cost associated with preparing each of the plurality of carbon-modified products; forming one or more of the plurality of carbon modification products in. In further embodiments, such methods can be further defined with reference to one or more of the following descriptions, which can be combined in any number and order.

Determining the costs associated with preparing each of the plurality of carbon modification products is associated with removing carbon dioxide from the starting carbonate compound to synthesize the oxide compound for each of the plurality of carbon modification products. determining the cost incurred.

Determining the costs associated with preparing each of the plurality of carbon-modified products is associated with combining the synthetic oxide compound with the second component to form an intermediate for each of the plurality of carbon-modified products. Determining costs can be included.

Determining the costs associated with preparing each of the plurality of carbon-altered products further includes, for each of the plurality of carbon-altered products, an intermediate cost such that at least a majority of the carbon dioxide added to the intermediate is combined with the intermediate. It can include costs associated with adding carbon dioxide to the substance.

Determining the costs associated with preparing each of the plurality of carbon-modified products includes determining, for each of the plurality of carbon-modified products, that at least a majority of the carbon dioxide reacts with the synthetic oxide compound and is at least partially in solid form. determining a cost associated with adding carbon dioxide to a synthetic oxide compound that is at least partially in solid form to form a synthetic carbonate compound that is

Determining the costs associated with preparing each of the plurality of carbon-modified products further comprises, for each of the plurality of carbon-modified products, combining the synthetic carbonate compound with the second component to form the carbon-modified product. Determining associated costs can be included.

Determining the value of the economic benefits associated with each carbon-altered product can be monetized based on the construction and/or financing of the entity that incorporates the product. determining at least a portion of the carbon dioxide sequestration credits to be provided.

Determining the value of the economic benefits associated with each carbon-altered product includes tax credits, tax inapplicability, tradeable value, transferable value, carbon criteria, climate criteria, carbon benefit designation, climate benefit designation. , carbon benefit certification, and climate benefit certification.

In some embodiments, methods of preparing products according to the present disclosure can be configured to increase product value beyond what is specifically perceived as an appropriate market value, and such increase can benefit from carbon incentives, climate Due to one or more production processes that directly or indirectly result in incentives or similar tangible or intangible goods of value. In an exemplary embodiment, a method of preparing such a product produces a product by performing one or more production steps effective to impart economic benefits associated with one or both of a carbon incentive and a climate incentive. so that the products so produced have value greater than the cost of production, and such value contributes at least in part to one or both of carbon incentives and climate incentives. caused by. In other embodiments, the method can be characterized in relation to one or more of the following statements, which can be combined in any number and order.

One or more production steps effective to impart economic benefits associated with one or both of carbon incentives and climate incentives include combining a synthetic oxide compound and a second component to form an intermediate. be able to.

At least a majority of the carbon dioxide added to the intermediate is combined with the intermediate to carbon modify It can further comprise adding carbon dioxide to the intermediate to form a product.

One or more production steps effective to impart economic benefits associated with one or both of carbon incentives and climate incentives include at least a majority of the carbon dioxide reacting with the synthetic oxide compound to form an at least partially solid state. It can include adding carbon dioxide to the synthetic oxide compound, which is at least partially in solid form, so as to form a synthetic carbonate compound in the form.

The one or more production steps effective to impart economic benefits associated with one or both of carbon incentives and climate incentives further include combining the synthetic carbonate compound with a second component to form a carbon modified product. can include

One or more production processes effective to impart economic benefits associated with one or both of carbon incentives and climate incentives utilize heat and/or power transferred from a further process that captures carbon. can contain.

Economic benefits associated with one or both of carbon incentives and climate incentives may be tax credits, tax inapplicability, tradeable value, transferable value, carbon criteria, climate criteria, carbon benefit designation, climate benefit designation, It can include one or more of carbon benefits certification and climate benefits certification.

These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will be apparent from a reading of the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings briefly described below. The present invention extends to any of the two, three, four or more embodiments described above, whether or not such features or elements are expressly combined in the description of specific embodiments herein. and combinations of any two, three, four or more features or elements described in this disclosure. This disclosure is intended to contemplate that any separable feature or element of the disclosed invention, in any of its various aspects and embodiments, is combinable unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It is intended to be read in its entirety as it should be.

FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating process steps in forming a synthetic oxide according to embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating process steps in forming a product with associated economic benefits according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating process steps in forming a product with associated economic benefits according to a further embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating process steps in forming a synthetic oxide with associated calcium looping according to embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating the process steps in optimizing product production towards net positive value according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE The present disclosure relates to methods and products related to carbon capture and/or sequestration. Additionally, the present disclosure relates to carbon modified products that have economic benefits associated therewith. Further, the present disclosure facilitates the production of such carbon-modified products by determining the value of such economic benefits and the costs associated with preparing carbon-modified products such that a positive net benefit is realized. Regarding a method for optimizing. Such determinations may be made in light of the ability to transfer the associated economic benefits in exchange for the value associated with the carbon modified product. Such value is transferable with the sale of carbon-engineered products (e.g., to buyers and/or builders and/or financers of projects that utilize carbon-engineered products) and is specifically described herein as a known incentive. , credit, or other value considerations.

In some embodiments, the present disclosure relates to products that have economic benefits associated therewith. Economic benefits may arise, at least in part, from the method or process by which a product is formed, prepared, or otherwise made into a form that it can be sold. The economic benefit is particularly the capture and/or It may occur at least partially because of sequestration. As such, a product that has an economic benefit associated therewith may be characterized as a carbon modification product or a carbon reduction product, and it is understood that these terms can be used interchangeably herein. Similarly, carbon-modified products can include products that are known or can be used for incorporation into physical structures such as buildings, bridges, roads, tunnels, dams, and transportation components. . Non-limiting examples of products that may be included as products suitable for use in forming such physical structures and thus having an economic benefit associated therewith (i.e., carbon modified products) are: Includes cement products, concrete products, steel products, asphalt products, and plastic products. Carbon-modified products are therefore modified (chemically and/or physically) such that carbon dioxide is intentionally added to the product so that the intentionally added carbon dioxide is effectively sequestered within the product. It may include prepared products. As discussed further below, the effective sequestration of carbon dioxide via addition to the product is one or more of the economies that can be induced or otherwise produced in conjunction with carbon capture and/or sequestration. value can be added to the product in the light of its commercial interests. As such, the economic benefit associated with the formed product can be an added value beyond production costs that may otherwise be recovered through the sale of the formed product.

The economic benefits associated with the products described herein include any value that can be assigned to the product resulting from the capture and/or sequestration of carbon, carbon dioxide, and specifically carbon dioxide during the formation of the product. be able to. Such economic benefits are therefore either prepared in a manner that does not capture and/or sequester carbon, particularly carbon dioxide, or in a manner that results in carbon, particularly carbon dioxide capture and/or sequestration. If prepared, it may be of value that would not otherwise be assigned to the same product in the normal course of commerce.

Economic benefit(s) can therefore be associated with the product due to carbon capture and/or sequestration that can be tied to the product itself and thus transferred with the product. Economic benefits can be anything that adds value to a product and can be monetized through public institutions and private companies. An economic benefit may also be a value that is not directly redeemable from a particular institution, but rather a downstream purchase for a product than would otherwise be appropriate without the associated capture and/or sequestration of carbon as described herein. Intangible additions to value, such as commercial spheres and signs of good stewardship that can make people pay more. Because carbon capture and/or sequestration are strongly linked to climate concerns, the economic benefits described herein as being associated with carbon capture and/or sequestration It is understood that the intent is to include all benefits. Carbon-driven benefits are directly or indirectly related to and/or attributed to carbon incentives, thus reducing carbon emissions, capturing carbon from the atmosphere, although carbon dioxide is an example of such carbon. , or the economic benefits that may be valuable provided by activities that cause or result in carbon sequestration and the like. Climate-driven benefits are value provided by activities that cause or result in the reduction or elimination of environmental harm that is directly or indirectly related to and/or caused by climate incentives, which in turn can contribute to climate change. It can be understood that it is the economic benefit that can be obtained. It is equally understood that references to carbon reductions, carbon incentives or carbon-driven can refer to climate concerns, climate incentives or climate-driven, as carbon emissions are closely linked to climate concerns. be. For example, climate credits or climate incentives are included with carbon credits or carbon incentives, and the nomenclature utilized by institutions in naming economic benefits is, in any case, the final product to form the product or final product. The present disclosure has economic benefits that can be directly linked to products formed in a process that is made carbon-reduced, carbon-neutral, or carbon-negative due to the incorporation of carbon dioxide into the intermediates used in the process. should not be considered. As such, the term "economic benefit" encompasses the value added to a product resulting from carbon modification in which carbon is captured and/or sequestered during the formation of the product, regardless of the underlying motivation for adding value. means

The present disclosure therefore provides that the product is formed from a material due to (or thereby avoided in its production) the physical and/or chemical incorporation of anthropogenically generated and/or atmospheric carbon dioxide therein. To provide a product and a method for its preparation that are effective in substantially sequestering carbon dioxide added to a product that has been added to it, and therefore suitable for various economic benefits that can add value thereto. In an example embodiment, the economic benefit may include a tax benefit or benefits, such as one or more federal, state, and/or local government tax credits and/or write-offs. For example, tax credits under Section 45Q of the Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C. §45Q) may be included. Similarly, avoidance of taxes otherwise imposed by one or more governmental authorities can be included. For example, this could include avoidance of carbon taxes. In further exemplary embodiments, such economic benefits can include value creation through private, semi-private, governmental, or supranational institutions. Such value creation can take many forms encompassed by this disclosure. For example, this could include renewable energy credits or tradable or transferable value similar to informal or formal “cap and trade” practices. This may further include so-called "low carbon fuel standards" or similar standards, whether fuel related or not. In addition, it is a name that directly or indirectly suggests that the product or power unit is environmentally friendly, climate friendly, or otherwise suitable for being perceived as desirable and therefore given increased value. can include characteristics of products or power units that have This can be “green”, “blue”, “clean”, “climate friendly”, “ESG compliant” (i.e. compliant with one or more environmental, social and governance criteria), or otherwise. A name may be included, such as desirable for reasons otherwise associated with reducing carbon footprint or reducing climate impact.

The economic benefits that may be associated with products according to the present disclosure may vary based on the particular benefit provided to the product. As such, the present disclosure is also effective in encouraging preferred purchases of carbon-modified products because the economic benefits associated with the products can at least partially offset the costs of manufacturing and/or purchasing such products. provide optimization of product production. Through such optimization, certain products may therefore be economically and/or environmentally preferable to others. This is because, for example, economic interest may be transferred with the sale, trade, or other disposition of the products described herein, and such economic interest may serve the interests of one or more recipients of the product. because it can be obtained (eg, redeemed). This may include one or more of the purchaser of the product(s), the builder of the project utilizing the product(s), and/or the financer of the project utilizing the product(s). Since the economic interest is transferred along with the related product(s), the recipient (or builder, treasurer, etc.) of the product(s) may at least partially cash in or otherwise make an economic can receive a profit. For example, for tax benefits associated with carbon sequestration, removing carbon dioxide from anthropogenic and/or atmospheric sources, and converting carbon dioxide into products (or intermediates used to form products) By incorporating into the product, the removed carbon dioxide is effectively sequestered within the product, and this activity would be worthy of the accompanying economic benefits (such as carbon sequestration credits). If the product is permanently integrated into the project, such activities may alternatively or additionally be eligible for accompanying economic benefits (such as carbon sequestration credits). Similarly, financing of projects in which such carbon-sequestered products are provided may be eligible for alternative or additional accompanying economic benefits (such as carbon-sequestration credits). An entity acting as a manufacturer and/or provider of a product may seek some or all of the economic benefits associated with the product, such as tax credits, or any other exemplary embodiment of tangible or intangible value. may be transferred to a third party.

Products according to the present disclosure may have associated economic benefits as the products may be substantially low carbon to carbon neutral or carbon negative. This can be achieved directly, such as by formulating the product to add carbon dioxide from anthropogenic or atmospheric sources, even if the base ingredients used to prepare the product are not carbon neutral. Alternatively, or additionally, this can be accomplished by providing the necessary heat and/or power to prepare the product from one or more processes that capture carbon. For example, Allam et al., U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,596,075; 9,546,814; 8,776,532; Nos. 2003-2010 and 2004-200455 disclose systems and methods suitable for the generation of heat and power through simultaneous carbon capture, and the disclosures of such documents are hereby incorporated herein by reference. Preferably, the products described herein can be carbon negative in that they remove more carbon from the atmosphere than is utilized in forming the products. This is particularly the case with synthetic compounds (e.g. synthetic oxide compounds and/or synthetic carbonic acid compounds) synthesized such that the carbon dioxide formed thereby is sequestered or otherwise used and is substantially not released to the atmosphere. salt compounds) to form the product.

Methods of preparing products according to the present disclosure can therefore utilize compounds of synthetic oxides in one or more processing steps. A synthetic oxide compound may react with another substance to form an intermediate or to form a final product.

For example, in some embodiments, a method of preparing a product can include combining a synthetic oxide compound with a second component to form an intermediate. Non-limiting examples of second components that can be used in this method can include silicates, aluminas, oxides, water, cellulosic components, lignin-based components, hemicellulosic components, and similar components. The intermediate formed by the combination of the second component and the synthetic oxide compound can be in a form suitable for combination with carbon dioxide to effectively capture and/or sequester at least a portion of the carbon dioxide. . Preferably, at least the majority (i.e. greater than 50% by weight) of the carbon dioxide added to the intermediate is combined with the intermediate to produce a product, more particularly carbon having the economic benefits associated therewith as described above. Form a modified product. However, in other cases, such as removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, a lesser portion of the total carbon dioxide may be so added to the intermediate.

Adding carbon dioxide to the intermediate can involve chemical reaction of carbon dioxide with and/or physical encapsulation of carbon dioxide in the intermediate. Preferably, the carbon dioxide is thus combined with the intermediate, so that the product so formed retains the carbon dioxide for an extended period of time. The product so formed contains, for example, at least 50%, at least 75%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97% by weight of carbon dioxide added to the intermediate, At least 98%, at least 99%, or at least 99.5% can be retained for at least a minimum period of time. For example, the minimum time can be at least one week, at least one month, at least six months, at least one year, at least ten years, at least one century, at least one thousand years, or even longer, including substantially indefinitely. Preferably, a defined amount of carbon dioxide within one of the above ranges is maintained substantially indefinitely under typical atmospheric or geological conditions (e.g., within typical temperature and pressure ranges), and Indicating a retention capacity for a period of time of can represent a product's ability to retain carbon dioxide substantially indefinitely.

In a further embodiment, the method of preparing the product comprises adding carbon dioxide to the synthetic oxide compound such that at least a portion of the carbon dioxide reacts with the synthetic oxide compound to form a synthetic carbonate compound. can include More particularly, the synthetic oxide compound may be at least partially in solid form, or may be substantially completely in solid form (e.g., at least 95% by weight of the synthetic oxide compound, at least 97%, or at least 99% in solid form). Preferably, at least a majority of the carbon dioxide added to the synthetic oxide compound (ie greater than 50% by weight) reacts therewith to form a synthetic carbonate compound. But again, diluting the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere, for example, is also effective due to the vast amount of air that can be sent through the process.

A synthetic carbonate compound prepared as described above can be combined with a second component to form a product, more particularly a carbon-modified product having the economic benefits associated therewith as described above. Again, non-limiting examples of second components that can be used in this method include silicates, aluminas, oxides, water, cellulosic components, lignin-based components, hemicellulosic components, and similar components. obtain.

The synthetic oxide compounds utilized to prepare the final product can take a variety of forms. Compounds of oxides can be particularly useful due to their ability to be readily converted to or from such compounds via the addition or removal of carbon dioxide. As a non-limiting example, calcium carbonate ( _CaCO3 ) can be converted to calcium oxide (CaO) and carbon dioxide ( _CO2 ) by applying heat. In addition, oxide compounds can form the basis of polymers that lead to several materials, including, for example, materials commonly referred to as plastics. Similarly, calcium oxide can react with carbon dioxide to synthesize calcium carbonate. Beneficially, many substances such as calcium carbonate can exist in natural forms (e.g., limestone), and the carbon dioxide formed in converting the natural forms into usable reactive oxides is can be captured. Any carbonate compound that can be treated to release carbon dioxide and form the resulting less oxide compound may be utilized as a starting material. Similarly, any other material that can be sourced from, for example, geological formations and/or recycled materials and that can release carbon dioxide during its processing can be utilized herein. As such, at least a portion of the carbon dioxide removed from the starting carbonate compound or analog can be carbon-captured during manufacture, the carbon dioxide can be sequestered in a separate treatment, or subjected to further reactions as otherwise described herein. can be retained at least partially for Additionally, the lesser oxides then react with carbon dioxide from other sources such as flue gas or the atmosphere to form carbonates, which are superheated to release carbon dioxide for sequestration or use. can.

The compounds of synthetic oxides used in this disclosure therefore differ from natural products in that the oxides are synthetically formed. Preferably, the synthetic oxide is lower carbon, carbon neutral, or carbon negative in that no carbon dioxide is released in the synthetic process or carbon dioxide is actually removed from the atmosphere as a result of the synthetic process. It is a compound formed synthetically as This can occur by making the oxide from its constituents in a synthetic reaction, or by isolating the oxide from more complex constituents, such as converting limestone to calcium oxide as described above. In one or more embodiments, synthetic oxides can thus include a variety of suitable materials. In some embodiments, useful synthetic oxide compounds can be alkali oxides, such as oxides of Group I metals (eg, lithium, sodium, potassium, etc.). In some embodiments, useful synthetic oxide compounds can be alkaline oxides, such as those of Group II metals (eg, calcium, magnesium, etc.). In some embodiments, useful synthetic oxide compounds are oxidations of any commonly available transition metal (e.g., titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, etc.) can be transition metal oxides, such as In some embodiments, useful synthetic oxide compounds can be crystalline oxides, such as oxides of Group 4 elements of the periodic table (eg, carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, and lead).

The present disclosure can be characterized in terms of several processing steps that can be combined in various ways. As such, less than all of the illustrated processing steps may be performed to provide different types of products that may have economic benefits associated therewith in view of the carbon treatment performed during the formation of the product. It is understood that Further, the processing steps described herein form the product to be carbon neutral, or preferably carbon negative, such that the formed product has an economic benefit associated with it that is transferable with the product. It is expressly intended that they may be combined in any suitable manner.

FIG. 1 illustrates a process by which synthetic oxides may be formed, and the carbon dioxide released during the process is captured for sequestration or other use so as to yield economic benefits. More particularly, in FIG. 1, carbonates or other CO2 emitting materials may be sourced from geological sources and/or recycled materials and the like. As a non-limiting example, carbonates may include calcium carbonate such as limestone. Carbonates or other substances can be treated to synthesize one or more oxides with the evolution of carbon dioxide. For example, calcium carbonate may be used to synthesize calcium oxide. The carbon dioxide formed is preferably injected for sequestration or otherwise captured in oil, enhanced gas recovery (EGR) via enhanced oil recovery (EOR), or coal bed methane recovery. It is used for enhanced recovery of carbonaceous deposits, such as gas via (ECMBR). Thus, at least a portion of the carbon dioxide removed from starting compounds such as carbonates is trapped carbon. The process illustrated in FIG. 1 need not necessarily be procured and processed together. For example, a carbonate or other substance processor may process the substance to form a synthetic oxide and the carbonate or other substance may be supplied by a third party. Likewise, the carbon dioxide formed is subject to sequestration and/or other uses such that third parties receive economic benefits associated with sequestration or other uses, such as the associated carbon sequestration tax credit. may be sold to third parties for

FIG. 2 illustrates a process in which the synthetic oxide prepared according to the process of FIG. 1 can be utilized to prepare other products that have economic benefits associated therewith. It will be appreciated that the process of FIG. 1 may be performed sequentially with the process of FIG. However, the process of FIG. 2 may be performed independently of the process of FIG. 1, and the synthetic oxide utilized in the process of FIG. 2 may be supplied by another party performing some or all of the process of FIG. may be

As shown in FIG. 2, the compound of the synthetic oxide (which can be derived directly from the process of FIG. 1 or from an alternative source that preferentially synthesizes the oxide in a process that is carbon-neutral or carbon-negative) is added to the second to form an intermediate. The combination of the second substance and the synthetic oxide compound is such that the synthetic oxide compound is physically and/or chemically combined with or added to the second component. It may involve one or both of physical combination and chemical reaction. Non-limiting examples of second components include silicates, aluminas, oxides, water, cellulosic materials, lignin-based materials, hemicellulosic materials, and particularly suitable materials described herein such as calcium oxide. including analogues suitable for converting oxides of The intermediate material can be further treated to effectively capture and/or sequester added carbon dioxide. This can include adding carbon to the intermediate such that at least a portion, and preferably at least a majority, of the carbon dioxide added to the intermediate is associated with the intermediate. in particular at least 50%, at least 75%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or at least 99.5% by weight of added carbon dioxide, It may be added to the intermediate. The carbon dioxide may come from anthropogenic or atmospheric sources of carbon dioxide, in particular it may be obtained as off-gas from further processing that otherwise adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. The addition of carbon dioxide may be such that the carbon dioxide is physically and/or chemically combined with the intermediate. In light of the addition of carbon dioxide to the intermediate, the product thus formed may be characterized as a carbon-modified product, the product thus otherwise having the economic benefits associated therewith, as described above. can. The formed product of FIG. 2, which has an associated economic benefit, is sold/transferred as needed for use in forming further products/projects/components, with the economic benefit of , together with the Product, may be sold/transferred to one or more third parties.

The second material with which the synthetic oxide is combined can be provided in various forms. In some embodiments, the second substance may be provided as a powder, pellets, granules, fibers, etc., or may be added to the synthetic oxide stream. Alternatively, the second substance may be provided in batch form or in an even larger configuration and the synthetic oxide added to the second component continuously or in batch mode. An exemplary embodiment of such treatment is that when the second component is water, it can be fresh water, salt water, a formed brine mixture, or any combination thereof. Synthetic oxides may then be added to the water and active or passive aeration may occur (e.g., mechanical mixing may be applied for aeration, or aeration may occur in natural or anthropogenic bodies of water). can occur passively, such as through natural currents or wind action). A mixture of oxide and water can effectively form a pH buffered solution that favors absorption of carbon dioxide from aerobic activity. As a non-limiting example, synthetic calcium oxide may be added to bodies of water (eg, oceans or other saline bodies) to increase carbon dioxide uptake. Similarly, calcium oxide or other oxides may be added to disposal bodies of water, such as bodies of water produced by petroleum exploration and production and/or bodies of water produced from desalination facilities. The addition of oxides to water bodies can likewise be used as a component of remineralization, such as liming of reverse osmosis (RO) water bodies.

FIG. 3 shows a further method for preparing products according to the present disclosure. In one or more embodiments, the compound of the synthetic oxide, which can be derived directly from the process of FIG. It is treated by adding carbon. The synthetic oxide compounds in such embodiments are preferably at least partially in solid form (e.g., at least 50%, at least 75%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, or at least 99% solids). At least a portion, and preferably at least a majority, of the carbon dioxide is reacted with the synthetic oxide compound and is at least partially in solid form (e.g., having a proportion of solids in the ranges given above for the synthetic oxide). Carbon dioxide can be added to the synthetic oxide to form a synthetic carbonate compound. The so-formed carbonate compound may, for example, be substantially entirely in solid form, may be in at least partially solid form that is at least partially dissolved in solution, or may be in liquid medium. It may be a solid that is present as a suspension in the liquid, or it may be a solid that is dispersed in colloidal form.

In certain embodiments, at least 50%, at least 75%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or at least 99.5% by weight of added carbon dioxide % may be added to the synthesized oxide to form the carbonate form of the oxide. In one or more embodiments, such addition of carbon dioxide may be such that the synthetic oxide chemically reacts with carbon dioxide to form a carbonate material. The so-formed carbonate effectively sequesters carbon dioxide that is added to the synthetic oxide. A carbonate material may be characterized as a synthetic carbonate in that it is formed via a synthetic reaction and is therefore distinguished from naturally occurring carbonates such as limestone.

As shown in FIG. 3, the carbonate formed may have economic benefits associated with it in view of adding carbon dioxide to it. Accordingly, in some embodiments, at least a portion of the carbonate material formed may be considered a carbon-altered product with economic benefits associated therewith. For example, a portion of the carbonate may be sold or given away with an associated economic benefit. However, all or part of the carbonate may be further processed as shown in FIG. In particular, a synthetic carbonate compound can be combined with a second component to form a carbon modified product that has economic benefits associated therewith. Again, the second component may be any of the materials previously described. In light of the addition of carbon dioxide in the preparation of the intermediate carbonate, the final product may be characterized as a carbon-modified product, the product formed thus otherwise having the economic benefits associated therewith as explained above. can. Products formed in FIG. 3 with associated economic benefits may be sold/transferred as needed for use in forming further products/projects/components, with the economic benefits , together with the Product, may be sold/transferred to one or more third parties.

In one or more embodiments, the process of forming synthetic oxides can be modified from that shown in FIG. 1 to increase the amount of carbon dioxide that can be captured and/or sequestered. For example, as seen in Figure 4, the process of forming a synthetic oxide can be modified to include calcium looping or similar processes. In calcium looping, a portion of the synthetic oxides produced as described in connection with FIG. 1 can be combined with additional carbon dioxide to reform carbonate compounds. The carbon dioxide added to the synthetic oxide may be anthropogenic or atmospheric, and may be combined with any process that provides carbon dioxide as the final product. Carbon dioxide can be trapped through reaction with synthetic oxides to form carbonates. The so-formed carbonate can then be treated (e.g., by heating) to drive off the carbon dioxide in a controlled manner and deliver the released carbon dioxide for sequestration or other use, As previously mentioned, this may have additional economic benefits. As shown in FIG. 4, the reformed carbonate is added to the treatment of the source carbonate, but the reformed carbonate provides a separate stream of carbon dioxide that can be delivered for sequestration or other uses. It is understood that the source carbonate may be processed separately to form.

By modification to incorporate carbon dioxide and by combination with a second component (in any order), the otherwise formed product can beneficially include multiple products, such as Products may vary based on the exact chemistry of the synthesized oxide and the nature of the second component. The formed product can be particularly useful as a construction material for a wide variety of projects, both large and small, and as such can be characterized as useful as an infrastructure material. However, the product may also be useful in forming consumer products or other similar products. Preferably, the product can be used in projects that are constructed for a very long life, such as buildings, roads, and bridges, or in products that have a very long life, such as devices that incorporate products commonly referred to as plastics and carbon nanomaterials. . Non-limiting examples of products that can be formed as described herein include cement products, concrete products, steel products, asphalt products, and plastic products. For example, silicates, aluminas, and oxides are commonly used in forming cement and concrete products, and such materials may also be used in forming steel and asphalt products. Cellulosics, lignins, and hemicellulosics can be used as additives in a wide variety of products including, but not limited to, plastics and carbon nanomaterials products.

As can be seen from the above, the present disclosure provides for the formation of products such that the products incorporate and thus sequester carbon dioxide, or the processes and methods use heat and/or power from sources that capture the carbon. provide various processes and methods suitable for Accordingly, these processes and methods can be effective in forming a product in a manner that generates one or more economic benefits and can therefore be associated with the product and made transferable with the product. This advantage is achieved, in some embodiments, by using a second component to form the product, such that the product can be characterized as being carbon modified and/or having economic benefits associated therewith. It results from the modification of at least one oxide compound and the incorporation of carbon dioxide into the product. In a further embodiment, this advantage is that carbon dioxide and at least one oxide compound react to form an intermediate carbonate compound that can be combined with a second component, with economic benefits associated therewith. It can result from forming the final product. Additionally, the product formed may be further beneficial in that the starting oxide material itself may be a synthetic oxide compound synthesized in a manner that captures and/or sequesters evolved carbon dioxide. In further embodiments, this benefit may result from using heat and/or power from other carbon capture systems and methods to create products. Due to the management and sequestration of carbon dioxide in the preparation of the products described, the products formed may have associated economic benefits that may be transferred to one or more third parties. In this way, the use of a particular product can be used by the purchaser of the product, the developer to build a project that utilizes the product, in order to redeem or otherwise obtain value from the economic benefits transferred with the product. or through the ability of the financer of the project that uses the product. Carbon dioxide is either effectively removed from the atmosphere or prevented from being released into the atmosphere during the formation of the product as described above and the product so formed is incorporated into a larger project or installation. As such, the carbon dioxide sequestered therein can be stored to suit fulfillment or other value arising from the economic benefits associated with the project or equipment associated with the product.

It may likewise be beneficial to further perform the determination of the net profit associated with such products by the economic profit associated with such products through the preparation methods described herein. For example, this can include determining the difference between the economic benefit value associated with the carbon-modified product and the costs associated with preparing the carbon-modified product. This may in particular be evaluated on a unit by unit basis as further described herein.

In one or more embodiments, the present disclosure can relate to methods of optimizing production of one or more products. Such methods value the economic benefits associated with products prepared by one or more processes that capture and/or sequester carbon dioxide so that the product effectively becomes a carbon-modified product. can be particularly useful for The method can be performed in combination with the method of preparing the product described above, or the method can be performed separately from the production process described above to evaluate options that add value to existing processes. An exemplary embodiment of a method for optimizing production of one or more products is shown in FIG. As seen therein, the method can include determining costs associated with preparing each of a plurality of products (eg, carbon-modified products as defined herein). This is done by summing the total costs associated with preparing a batch of product (e.g., cost of raw materials, labor, transportation, operating costs, etc.) and dividing by the number of units of product prepared in the batch, or by taking the cost of production. It can include utilizing any additional algorithm or computer program configured to convert from unit to unit. The method may further include determining the value of the economic benefits associated with each product. As already mentioned above, this may vary depending on the product being formed and the type of economic benefit provided. For example, the currency value of the tax credit can be used directly in this calculation. Alternatively, the added value to a product resulting from the general concept of environmental friendliness can be calculated based on prevailing market data or other suitable methods. In this way, a real or theoretical value can be set for each unit. Further, the method calculates, for each carbon modification product, the net benefit as the difference between the value of the economic benefits associated with each of the plurality of carbon modification products and the cost associated with preparing each of the plurality of carbon modification products. A step of determining can be included. This in turn provides the data necessary to use in calculating the economic feasibility of producing carbon modified products. For example, for a given product and/or given end use, the cost of making the product to be carbon-reduced, carbon-neutral, or carbon-negative at the time the product is sold is associated with the carbon-modified or carbon-reduced product. Consideration of additional economic benefits (eg, directly or indirectly as noted above) may exceed the product's achievable return. For example, the additional cost of preparing a product so that it is carbon modified (versus the cost of preparing the product so that it is not carbon modified) outweighs the potential economic benefit to the product due to carbon modification or carbon reduction. If is also large, the process generation will not be considered optimized. On the other hand, if the potential economic benefit to the product from carbon modification or carbon reduction exceeds the additional cost of preparing the product (versus the cost of preparing the product so that it is not carbon modified), then proceed with such production. can be considered to be optimized. In some embodiments, the method may initially yield a negative value, but upon further consideration, the process of preparing the carbon-modified product may be altered such that a positive value may be obtained. Accordingly, the method may further comprise performing the actual steps of forming one or more of the plurality of carbon modification and carbon reduction products such that the net profit has a positive value.

Implementation of the method may further include various considerations. For example, determining the costs associated with preparing a carbon-modified or carbon-reduced product determines the costs associated with removing carbon dioxide from a starting carbonate compound to form a synthetic oxide compound. can include Referring to FIG. 1, this may involve determining the cost per unit of processing carbonates or other _CO2 emitting materials to remove carbon dioxide therefrom. Such costs may be reduced by economic benefits resulting from the sequestration or other use of the carbon dioxide formed. Alternatively, such economic benefits from sequestration or other uses may be added to the economic benefits associated with the final product (eg, product of FIG. 2 or FIG. 3). In another example, the cost of producing any material can be reduced by the unit because the cost of the heat and/or power used to produce such material is reduced through the process of capturing carbon. and/or reduced due to economic interest in generating electricity.

In some embodiments, determining the costs associated with preparing the carbon-modified product comprises determining the costs associated with combining the synthetic oxide compound with the second component to form an intermediate. can contain. Referring to FIG. 2, this can include an evaluation of all costs associated with procuring the second component, operating costs in implementing the second component and oxide combination, and the like. Similarly, with reference to FIG. 2, determining the costs associated with preparing a carbon-altered or carbon-reduced product includes the amount of carbon dioxide added to the intermediate, such that the carbon dioxide added to the intermediate is combined with the intermediate. Determining costs associated with adding carbon can also be included.

In some embodiments, determining the costs associated with preparing the carbon-altered or carbon-reduced product includes the synthetic oxide compound and the carbon dioxide reacting to form a synthetic carbonate compound. Determining costs associated with adding carbon dioxide to the oxide compound can be included. Referring to FIG. 3, this can include carbon dioxide procurement costs (which can be zero or negative depending on the source) and operational costs associated with carbonation reactions that may be performed. Since the carbonate formed may have an associated economic benefit, the costs associated with carbonate preparation may be at least partially offset by the economic benefit. Alternatively, the economic interest may remain partially or fully tied to the final product. Still referring to FIG. 3, determining the costs associated with preparing the carbon modified product determines the costs associated with combining the synthetic carbonate compound with the second component to form the carbon modified product. It can further include:

In further embodiments, various considerations may be taken into account in connection with determining the value of the economic benefits associated with carbon modification or carbon reduction products. In some cases, the value of economic benefit may be defined, at least in part, by statutes, ordinances, or the like enacted by a government agency. For example, tax credits associated with defined legal actions may be directly related to and transferred with carbon-altered or carbon-reduced products. As such, in some embodiments, determining the value of the economic benefits associated with a carbon-altered or carbon-reduced product includes, for example, at least carbon dioxide sequestration credits for and associated with the product or its production. determining a portion. In the example of such credits, this also determines whether a particular type of activity is required for redemption of the credits, e.g. We can also consider whether it is possible. The value of economic benefits may therefore consider one or both of tangible and intangible benefits that may provide monetary value. For example, determining the value of the economic benefits associated with a carbon-modified product includes tax credits, tax inapplicability, tradeable value, transferable value, carbon criteria, climate criteria, carbon benefit designation, climate benefit designation. , carbon benefit certification, and climate benefit certification.

As can be seen from the above, the present disclosure provides methods by which products can be prepared that add value to the product beyond the market value of such products, and the present disclosure further provides positive net results. It provides a method of optimizing the production of products for processing. The method of preparing the product can utilize heat and/or power from a carbon capture process and/or can utilize synthetic oxide compounds, depending on the order of combination, of carbon dioxide and the second component. A combination of both can modify the compound of the synthetic oxide. In some embodiments, the method combines at least a portion, and preferably at least a majority, of the carbon dioxide added to the intermediate with the intermediate to form a carbon modified product having an economic benefit associated therewith. can include combining the synthetic oxide compound with the second component to form an intermediate and adding carbon dioxide to the intermediate. In a further embodiment, the method comprises at least a portion, and preferably at least a majority, of the carbon dioxide reacting with the synthetic oxide compound to form a synthetic carbonate compound that is at least partially in solid form. adding carbon dioxide to a synthetic oxide compound in partially solid form and combining the synthetic carbonate compound with a second component to form a carbon modified product having an economic benefit associated therewith. can contain.

Starting oxide compounds can be obtained in a variety of ways. However, in some embodiments, the method can explicitly include one or more processing steps to form the synthetic oxide compound. For example, to form a synthetic oxide compound, preferably with at least a portion of the carbon dioxide removed from the carbon-trapped starting carbonate compound, the starting carbonate compound or similar can be treated for the removal of carbon dioxide. removing carbon dioxide from the compound of

Any suitable processing steps and equipment suitable for processing carbonates or similar materials to form oxides thereof may be utilized in accordance with the present disclosure. As an example, U.S. Patent Application No. 16/864,944, filed May 1, 2020, describes systems and methods by which carbonates can be converted to oxides with the evolution of carbon dioxide, which Carbon dioxide can be completely captured and the disclosure of the above patent application is incorporated herein by reference.

For example, a suitable process can incorporate any one or more of a reactor, heat converter, dryer/water separator, pressurized component, acid gas separator, and carbon dioxide purifier. More specifically, the feedstock may be heated in the reactor in the presence of oxygen to form carbon dioxide. Depending on the specific mode of operation and raw materials utilized, the reactor may more specifically be referred to as a kiln or calciner. In an exemplary embodiment, the reactor may be configured as a calciner to receive mineral components (eg, limestone) and expel carbon dioxide. Any of several configurations associated with the reactor may be utilized. For example, the reactor may be configured as a vertical kiln, horizontal kiln, indirectly heated kiln, or in any other suitable configuration. A reactor may be a separate component or a segment or section of a reactor unit. In some embodiments, the reactor may be operated at relatively low pressure but above ambient pressure. For example, the operating pressure can be up to about 10 bar, up to about 8 bar, up to about 5 bar, or up to about 4 bar, such as from about 1.5 bar to about 8 bar, from about 2 bar to about 5 bar. , or range from about 2 bar to about 3 bar. In particular, the operating pressure of the reactor can be any desired value reasonably achievable with conventional blower designs. The reactor is preferably oxygen-enriched in that a source of oxygen is provided to the reactor to ensure that the desired chemical reactions proceed in the reaction environment. In some embodiments, the reactor may operate at a pressure that is about 1 bar (eg +/-10%).

Pressurization of the reactor can be achieved by combusting or oxidizing an incoming oxidant and/or gas that is blown off, or a vaporized fuel source for heat production. Combusted or oxidized fuel sources can provide beneficial heating to other components of the system, such as the calcination reactor. The fuel source can be any suitable substance. In some embodiments, as noted above, gaseous fuels may be utilized, non-limiting examples being natural gas, syngas, acid gas, BOS gas (oxygen blast furnace gas), digester gas, or fuel oil. and so on. In some embodiments, solid fuels such as specialized coal, biomass, or lignite may be used, and in such embodiments, the oxidant may be the sole source of pressurization for the reactor.

Like fuels, variable chemistries may also be utilized in conjunction with oxidizing sources. In some embodiments, substantially pure oxygen may be used (eg, greater than 95%, greater than 98%, or greater than 99% molar oxygen). However, such purity levels are not required. In some embodiments, the oxidant may comprise flue gas from an industrial process that may be operated in conjunction with the system or separately from the system.

The reactor may preferably be calcined at a temperature suitable for carbonate mineral decomposition. For example, the firing temperature may be about 850° C. or higher, about 900° C. or higher, about 950° C. or higher, or about 1000° C. or higher (eg, up to the practical limit of the equipment utilized), such as from about 850° C. to about 1100° C., about It can range from 900°C to about 1100°C, or from about 950°C to about 1100°C.

The reactor may operate in series with a solids separation component (e.g. located at the reactor outlet) which may be integral with the reactor, or may be a component of a reactor unit, or the entire system can be a stand-alone component of Any suitable separation device may be utilized, such as cyclone separators, candle filters, and/or any other combination of these and other techniques. The solids separator performance should be sufficient to make the exhaust gas suitable for use with a heat recovery device.

Reheating may be desirable. For example, a single recuperator (e.g., recuperator, heat recovery steam generator (HRSG), or gas heated reformer (GHR), etc.) may be utilized, or multiple recuperators (e.g., multiple and/or combinations of different types of recuperators described above) may be utilized. Likewise, one or more dryers or drying units may be included which may incorporate components adapted or configured to generally remove water or moisture from the gas stream. One or more pressurization components or pressurization units may also be included and may be particularly useful in facilitating _CO2 removal, depending on the type of separator utilized. For example, pressurization is beneficial upstream of any membrane separation stage, and downstream expansion of the compressed stream can enable refrigeration. One or more acid gas separation components, such as _CO2 separation membrane components or units, can be utilized and the water scrubber to remove any residual SOx and NOx present depending on the composition of the source material. Available. A carbon dioxide purification component or unit can be useful to provide the removed carbon dioxide in substantially pure form. For example, cryogenic purifiers may be used.

Many modifications and other embodiments of the disclosed subject matter will come to mind to one skilled in the art to which the subject matter pertains having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the accompanying drawings. Therefore, it should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, and that modifications and other embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. . Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.

Claims (25)

A method for preparing a product, comprising:
combining a compound of the synthetic oxide with a second component to form an intermediate; and at least a majority of the carbon dioxide added to said intermediate is combined with said intermediate and has an economic benefit associated therewith. adding carbon dioxide to said intermediate to form a carbon modified product;
A method, including A method for preparing a product, comprising:
carbon dioxide to a synthetic oxide compound that is at least partially solid such that at least a majority of the carbon dioxide reacts with the synthetic oxide compound to form a synthetic carbonate compound that is at least partially in solid form. and combining said synthetic carbonate compound with a second component to form a carbon modified product having an economic benefit associated therewith;
A method, including 3. The method of claim 1 or claim 2, further comprising forming a compound of said synthetic oxide. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein forming the synthetic oxide compound comprises removing carbon dioxide from the starting carbonate compound. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein at least a portion of the carbon dioxide removed from the starting carbonate compound is carbon-trapped. 3. The method of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the synthetic oxide compound comprises one or more of an alkali oxide compound, an alkaline oxide compound, a transition metal oxide compound and a crystalline oxide compound. . 3. The method of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the second component comprises one or more of silicates, aluminas, oxides, water, cellulosic components, lignin-based components, and hemicellulosic components. 3. The method of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the carbon-modified products comprise one or more of concrete products, steel products, asphalt products, and plastic products. Claim 1 or Claim 2, further comprising determining a net benefit of said carbon-engineered product as the difference between a value of economic benefits associated with said carbon-engineered product and a cost associated with preparing said carbon-engineered product. 2. The method described in 2. 3. A carbon-modified product prepared according to the method of claim 1 or claim 2, having an economic benefit associated therewith. A method for optimizing the production of products, wherein each carbon-modified product performs one or more production steps effective to impart economic benefits associated with one or both of carbon incentives and climate incentives. determining costs associated with preparing each of a plurality of carbon-modified products prepared by a method comprising;
determining the value of the economic benefits associated with each carbon modification product;
determining, for each carbon-altered product, a net benefit as the difference between the economic benefit value associated with each of the plurality of carbon-altered products and the cost associated with preparing each of the plurality of carbon-altered products; and forming one or more of the plurality of carbon-modified products such that net benefit has a positive value;
A method, including Determining costs associated with preparing each of the plurality of carbon modification products includes removing carbon dioxide from a starting carbonate compound to synthesize an oxide compound for each of the plurality of carbon modification products. 12. The method of claim 11, comprising determining a cost associated with . Determining the costs associated with preparing each of the plurality of carbon-modified products includes combining a synthetic oxide compound with a second component to form an intermediate for each of the plurality of carbon-modified products. 12. The method of claim 11, comprising determining associated costs. Determining a cost associated with preparing each of the plurality of carbon-modified products further comprises, for each of the plurality of carbon-modified products, at least a majority of the carbon dioxide added to the intermediate combined with the intermediate. 14. The method of claim 13, comprising determining a cost associated with adding carbon dioxide to the intermediate material such that Determining a cost associated with preparing each of the plurality of carbon-modified products includes, for each of the plurality of carbon-modified products, at least a majority of the carbon dioxide reacting with a synthetic oxide compound to at least partially determining a cost associated with adding the carbon dioxide to a synthetic oxide compound in at least partially solid form to form a synthetic carbonate compound in solid form. described method. Determining a cost associated with preparing each of the plurality of carbon modification products further comprises, for each of the plurality of carbon modification products, combining the synthetic carbonate compound with a second component to produce the carbon modification product. 16. The method of claim 15, comprising determining costs associated with forming. Determining the value of the economic benefits associated with each carbon-altered product includes determining at least a portion of carbon dioxide sequestration credits for and associated with each product, wherein the carbon dioxide sequestration credits are 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the method is redeemable based on one or both of constructing and funding an entity that incorporates a. Determining the value of the economic benefits associated with each carbon-altered product may include tax credits, tax inapplicability, tradeable value, transferable value, carbon criteria, climate criteria, carbon benefit designation, climate benefit designation. 12. The method of claim 11, comprising determining the value of one or more of: , carbon benefits certification, and climate benefits certification. A method for preparing a product effective to impart economic benefits associated with one or both of carbon incentives and climate incentives such that the product so produced has a value greater than the cost of production forming a product by performing one or more production steps, wherein such value is at least partially attributable to one or both of carbon incentives and climate incentives. One or more production steps effective to impart economic benefits associated with one or both of carbon incentives and climate incentives comprise combining a synthetic oxide compound with a second component to form an intermediate. 20. The method of claim 19. one or more production steps effective to impart an economic benefit associated with one or both of a carbon incentive and a climate incentive, further comprising: at least a majority of the carbon dioxide added to the intermediate is combined with the intermediate; 21. The method of claim 20, comprising adding carbon dioxide to said intermediate to form a carbon modified product. one or more production steps effective to impart an economic benefit associated with one or both of carbon incentives and climate incentives, wherein at least a majority of said carbon dioxide reacts with said synthetic oxide compounds to at least partially 20. The method of claim 19, comprising adding carbon dioxide to the compound of the synthetic oxide that is at least partially in solid form to form a synthetic carbonate compound that is in solid form. One or more production steps effective to impart economic benefits associated with one or both of carbon incentives and climate incentives further comprise combining said synthetic carbonate compound with a second component to form a carbon modified product. 23. The method of claim 22, comprising: One or more production processes effective to impart economic benefits associated with one or both of carbon incentives and climate incentives utilize heat and/or power transferred from a further process that captures carbon. 20. The method of claim 19, comprising: The economic benefits associated with one or both of carbon incentives and climate incentives are tax credits, tax inapplicability, tradeable value, transferable value, carbon criteria, climate criteria, carbon benefit designation, climate benefit designation, 20. The method of claim 19, comprising one or more of carbon benefits certification and climate benefits certification.

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