JP2022534681A - 高炉を運転する方法 - Google Patents
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 231
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 17
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 biogas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/006—Automatically controlling the process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/06—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace using top gas in the blast furnace process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/46—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using discontinuously preheated non-moving solid materials, e.g. blast and run
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
- F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
- F27B1/26—Arrangements of controlling devices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
- C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1235—Hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0073—Selection or treatment of the reducing gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/20—Increasing the gas reduction potential of recycled exhaust gases
- C21B2100/22—Increasing the gas reduction potential of recycled exhaust gases by reforming
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/20—Increasing the gas reduction potential of recycled exhaust gases
- C21B2100/26—Increasing the gas reduction potential of recycled exhaust gases by adding additional fuel in recirculation pipes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2201/00—Staged combustion
- F23C2201/10—Furnace staging
- F23C2201/101—Furnace staging in vertical direction, e.g. alternating lean and rich zones
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/122—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by capturing or storing CO2
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
- Industrial Gases (AREA)
Abstract
Description
これを行う1方法は、特許出願EP 2 886 666 A1に開示されているような、高炉ガス中のCO2含有量を、圧力スイング吸着(Pressure Swing Adsorption)(PSA)又は真空圧スイング吸着(Vacuum Pressure Swing Adsorption)(VPSA)によって低減することである。PSA/VPSA設備(installations)は第1のCO及びH2に富むガス流及び第2のCO2及びH2Oに富むガス流を生成する。第1のガス流は、還元ガスとして使用可能で、高炉に戻すことができる。この課題への対処の一例は、ULCOS(極低炭素鋼製造(Ultra Low CO2 Steelmaking)プロセスであり、リサイクルされた第1のガス流とは別に、微粉炭(pulverized coal)と冷たい酸素(cold oxygen)が高炉に供給される。この種の炉は「トップガスリサイクルOBF」(酸素高炉)とも呼ばれている。
いずれにしても、H2及びCOの濃度が有意に増加した合成ガスが得られる。この合成ガスをリサイクル可能な、即ち高炉に再導入可能な還元ガス(reducing gas)として使用することも提案されている。1プロセスによれば、合成ガスは熱風(hot blast)(即ち熱風(hot air))と微粉炭と一緒に高炉に供給される。この種の炉は「合成ガス高炉」とも呼ばれる。
燃料ガスに含まれる炭化水素の種類によっては、炭化水素と酸化剤のこの関係が異なる場合がある。他方、オーバーストイキの場合では、混合ガス中の酸化剤(CO2及び/又はH2O)の流れ(flow)は、ストイキの場合における流れよりも高くなる。例えば、燃料ガス流が1mol/sのメタンCH4を含む時は、燃料ガスに含まれる炭化水素が完全に反応した後でも、合成ガス(synthesis gas)中になお酸化剤が残存するように、混合ガス流(mix gas flow)は、1,2mol/sの酸化剤(CO2及び/又はH2O)を含むこととなろう。
1実施形態によれば、高炉ガスの一部は酸素で燃焼させて廃ガス(waste gas)を作り出す。高純度酸素(O2)を使用することは、おそらく有利であろうが、必要ではない。
むしろ、十分な濃度のO2を含むガス又は混合ガスであれば如何なるものであっても、可能性としては空気であっても使用することができる。例示すれば、高炉ガスは5%未満のN2濃度、それぞれ約40%のCO及びCO2濃度及び約15%のH2濃度を有するであろう。このガスを酸素で燃焼させると、廃ガスは、80%のCO2、15%のH2O及び5%のN2の凡その成分を有し得る。より一般的には、高炉ガスは、0から50%のN2濃度、それぞれ20から50%のCO及びCO2濃度、及び2から25%のH2濃度であろう。もちろん、廃ガスの成分は高炉ガスの実際の成分次第である。
12 高炉
16 上端部
18 装入コークス
20 装入鉱石
22 底端部
24 補助燃料
26 酸素富化ガス
28 銑鉄
30 スラグ
40 ガス回収管
42 ガス回収配管
43 ガス洗浄プラント
44 分配弁
46 第1の供給管
47 流量制御弁
48 混合室
50 第2の供給管
52 第3の供給管
53 エネルギー
54 ブロワ
56 反応器
57 バーナー
58 第4の供給管
60 第5の供給管
62 第6の供給管
64 酸素
66 廃ガス
68 冷却器
70 貯蔵場所
72 化学プラント
74 外部プラント
Claims (15)
- 高炉(12)からCO2含有ガスである高炉ガスを回収すること、
混合ガスを得るために、高炉ガスと炭化水素含有ガスである燃料ガスを混ぜ合わせること、
上記混合ガスに改質プロセスを施し、それによってCO及びH2含有合成ガスを生成すること、及び
合成ガスの少なくとも一部と酸素富化ガス(26)を高炉に供給すること、
を含む高炉を運転する方法であって、
高炉ガスは高炉から出た時と実質的に同量のCO2を含んだ状態で燃料ガスと混ぜ合わされ、かつ
高炉ガスは、合成ガスが高炉ガスの余剰部分を含むように、オーバーストイキ比で燃料ガスと混ぜ合わされる、
上記方法。 - 高炉ガスは、改質プロセスの前に、オーバーストイキ比で燃料ガスと混ぜ合わせることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載された方法。
- 追加の高炉ガスが改質プロセス後の合成ガスと混ぜ合わされている状態で、高炉ガスが改質プロセスの前にストイキ比で燃料ガスと混ぜ合わされることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載された方法。
- 酸素富化ガス(26)は少なくとも60%、好ましくは少なくとも80%、より好ましくは少なくとも90%のO2を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1から3のいずれかに記載された方法。
- 酸素富化ガスが100°C未満の温度であることを特徴とする、請求項1から4のいずれかに記載された方法。
- 少なくとも800°C、好ましくは少なくとも1000°Cの温度の合成ガスが、羽口高さ及び/又は下部シャフト高さのところで高炉(12)に供給されることを特徴とする、請求項1から5のいずれかに記載された方法。
- オーバーストイキ比は、高炉(12)のトップガス温度を制御するように調整されることを特徴とする、請求項1から6のいずれかに記載された方法。
- オーバーストイキ比は高炉(12)の炎温度を制御するように調整されることを特徴とする、請求項1から7のいずれかに記載された方法。
- 合成ガスと酸素富化ガス(26)に加えて、補助燃料(24)が高炉に供給されることを特徴とする、請求項1から8のいずれかに記載された方法。
- 高炉ガスの一部を酸素(64)で燃焼して廃ガス(66)を作り出すことを特徴とする、請求項1から9のいずれかに記載された方法。
- 廃ガス(66)は凝縮され、冷却されることを特徴とする、請求項1から10のいずれかに記載された方法。
- 高炉ガスの一部が加熱装置(57)で燃焼される、ことを特徴とする請求項1から11のいずれかに記載された方法。
- 加熱装置(57)は、高炉ガス、燃料ガス、混合ガス及び/又は合成ガスを加熱するために使用される、ことを特徴とする請求項1から12のいずれかに記載された方法。
- 廃ガス(66)の少なくとも一部は、炭素回収及び貯蔵及び/又は炭素回収及び利用のために使用される、ことを特徴とする請求項1から13のいずれかに記載された方法。
- 廃ガス(66)の少なくとも一部は、合成ガス生成に用いられる、ことを特徴とする請求項1から14のいずれかに記載された方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
LU101227A LU101227B1 (en) | 2019-05-21 | 2019-05-21 | Method for Operating a Blast Furnace |
LULU101227 | 2019-05-21 | ||
PCT/EP2020/063952 WO2020234290A1 (en) | 2019-05-21 | 2020-05-19 | Method for operating a blast furnace |
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JP2022534681A true JP2022534681A (ja) | 2022-08-03 |
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JP2021568289A Pending JP2022534681A (ja) | 2019-05-21 | 2020-05-19 | 高炉を運転する方法 |
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US (1) | US20220145410A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3973082B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2022534681A (ja) |
KR (2) | KR102664149B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN114787392A (ja) |
BR (1) | BR112021022215A2 (ja) |
EA (1) | EA202193148A1 (ja) |
LU (1) | LU101227B1 (ja) |
TW (1) | TW202100756A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2020234290A1 (ja) |
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CN114634831A (zh) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-06-17 | 新疆八一钢铁股份有限公司 | 一种高炉喷吹等离子矩重整循环冶金煤气的工艺方法 |
CN114645104B (zh) * | 2022-03-25 | 2023-07-04 | 新疆八一钢铁股份有限公司 | 一种co2资源化利用的超低碳排放高炉炼铁系统 |
CN115612769B (zh) * | 2022-04-29 | 2024-01-05 | 中国科学技术大学 | 炼铁高炉能源系统 |
CN115354098B (zh) * | 2022-08-15 | 2023-07-28 | 新疆八一钢铁股份有限公司 | 一种富氢碳循环高炉煤气等离子加热的冶炼方法 |
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JPS4818174B1 (ja) * | 1970-12-22 | 1973-06-04 | ||
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JPS5315474B2 (ja) | 1972-11-06 | 1978-05-25 | ||
JPS5575901A (en) * | 1978-11-30 | 1980-06-07 | Nippon Kokan Kk <Nkk> | Production of reducing gas |
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EA202193148A1 (ru) | 2022-03-11 |
KR20220002667A (ko) | 2022-01-06 |
EP3973082A1 (en) | 2022-03-30 |
WO2020234290A1 (en) | 2020-11-26 |
EP3973082B1 (en) | 2023-06-07 |
CN114787392A (zh) | 2022-07-22 |
LU101227B1 (en) | 2020-11-23 |
BR112021022215A2 (pt) | 2021-12-28 |
KR102558258B1 (ko) | 2023-07-20 |
KR20230035696A (ko) | 2023-03-14 |
US20220145410A1 (en) | 2022-05-12 |
KR102664149B1 (ko) | 2024-05-08 |
TW202100756A (zh) | 2021-01-01 |
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