JP2022529048A - Sterilable cover - Google Patents

Abstract

A radiation shield assembly configured to block radiation emitted from a radiation source from reaching the user is described. Two shields are supported by a support arm, and these two shields are configured to rotate and translate with respect to each other about the longitudinal axis of the support arm. This allows the shield to be easily configured and reconstructed as needed to visualize various parts of the patient's body via radiography. A sterile coating is provided to ensure sterility during the surgical procedure.

Description

The present disclosure relates generally to radiation protection devices, and more particularly to devices for protecting medical personnel from radiation hazards in the operating room.

Recent improvements in electronics and robotics have allowed surgeons to utilize non-invasive microscopic techniques to replace many open incision techniques. If the site of surgical intervention is not open to the operating room, this site must be further visualized for the purpose of proper guidance and control of the instrument. This can be achieved by radiation monitoring, and the most common example of radiation monitoring is X-ray monitoring. During the procedure, an x-ray generator is placed on one side of the patient to radiate X-rays to the surgical site (this x-ray generator is generally below the patient, but the location of the x-ray generator is required. Can be changed accordingly). An X-ray intensifier is arranged to receive the radiated X-rays after passing through the surgical site and transmit the image data to a monitor or other means for the purpose of presenting a visual image to the surgeon.

These microscopic techniques represent significant improvements in patient trauma, recovery time, and risk of infection over traditional open body techniques, but constant radiation monitoring. However, it exposes all parties to the larger amounts of radiation that would have been required when using older techniques. This is a minor problem for patients who are likely to undergo such surgery only a few times in their lifetime. However, professional medical staff performing these procedures are exposed much more frequently, and cumulative exposure easily exceeds safety limits unless staff are protected in some way.

Traditional attempts to solve these problems have serious limitations. Tight shielding around the patient can prevent radiation from reaching the medical staff. However, complete shielding is still impractical, as medical staff still need access to the patient's body. Since the human body is permeable to X-rays (“radiation permeable”), X-rays can penetrate the patient's body and act on medical staff. Any surgery carries the risk of life-threatening complications, which require direct access to the patient's body by medical staff. The tight shield around the patient's body is bulky and difficult to move, which can prevent medical staff from urgently accessing the patient in such situations.

Another attempt to protect medical staff during such procedures involves wear-type occlusion, which is essentially radiation "armor". These take the form of lead vests, lead skirts, lead thyroid collars, lead acrylic face shields, lead acrylic eyeglasses, and "zero gravity" lead suits. Radiation armor has serious drawbacks: radiation armor must have a significant mass to block x-rays (generally including lead, a very dense metal) and is heavy to wear. It will be a thing. Even healthy wearers can quickly become tired when wearing heavy radiation armor and can cause orthopedic disability when used habitually. When using radiation armor to protect medical staff from X-rays, one health hazard is simply traded for another.

Eyeglasses and face shields themselves may only have a manageable weight, but eyeglasses and face shields alone can only protect small parts of the body.

A "weightless" suit is a lead body suit suspended by a rigid metal frame. The frame is placed on some support structure such as the floor or ceiling. As a result, the wearer does not use his body to support the suit. This type of suspended armor has additional imperfections. This type of suspended armor leaves the wearer's hands and forearms uncovered and unprotected to allow the wearer to engage in fine manual work. This type of suspended armor limits the wearer's physical range of motion that can be accepted by the frame, thereby often preventing the wearer from bending or sitting. This type of suspended armor uses a stationary face shield to prevent the wearer from bringing anything close to the face, for example for visual inspection. Suspended armor systems are very expensive due to their complexity and material costs.

Another form of radiation armor is the mobile "cabin," which is a radiodensity box on a wheel on which the user stands. The cabin can be pushed to various locations while the user is inside. The cabin has an arm port at a specific height and a visually transparent area at a specific height. As a result, the user's hands and face cannot be repositioned or turned, for example when standing or leaning. Mobile cabins also use a stationary face shield for visual inspection to prevent the wearer from bringing anything close to the face.

Therefore, in the art, to shield the medical staff from X-rays that must expose the patient, it does not interfere with the user's body, allows access to the patient's body, and promptly as needed. Means that can be reconstructed are needed.

ＡＳＴＭ Ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ「Ｓｔａｎｄａｒｄ Ｔｅｓｔ Ｍｅｔｈｏｄ ｆｏｒ Ｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｉｎｇ Ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ Ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｄ ｂｙ Ｘ－ｒａｙ Ｓｈｉｅｌｄｉｎｇ Ｇａｒｍｅｎｔｓ Ｕｓｅｄ ｉｎ Ｍｅｄｉｃａｌ Ｘ－ｒａｙ Ｆｌｕｏｒｏｓｃｏｐｙ ｆｒｏｍ Ｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ ｏｆ Ｓｃａｔｔｅｒｅｄ Ｘ－Ｒａｙｓ」、ＡＳＴＭ Ｖｏｌｕｍｅ１１．０３、Ｏｃｃｕｐａｔｉｏｎａｌ Ｈｅａｌｔｈ ａｎｄ Ｓａｆｅｔｙ；Ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｖｅ Ｃｌｏｔｈｉｎｇ、２０１７年 International Electrotechnical Commission, "Protective devices magazines digital X-rayation-Part 1; Determination of attenuation 14 years / year. iec. ch / publicization / 5289

The present disclosure describes a radiation shield assembly that addresses the above problems by inserting a barrier between the surgical area and the area that accommodates medical personnel. This shield assembly works in combination with a shield curtain suspended beneath the operating table, both directly from the radiation generator and indirectly through the patient's radiation-permeable body. Significantly reduces the radiation reaching the medical personnel area, allows access to the patient's body, allows full motor freedom for a portion of the user, and can be easily reconstructed as needed. .. The shield assembly generally comprises two shield structures supported by a support member such as a mast or suspension arm. Each shield structure has at least one substantially vertical shield, and two vertical shields can be rotated about each other about the longitudinal axis of the support member and along the longitudinal axis of the support member. It can be translated relative to each other.

In the first aspect, a radiation shield assembly configured to block radiation emitted from a radiation source is provided. In this first aspect, the radiation shield assembly is fixed to a support means for supporting the radiation shield assembly; and a support means for blocking radiation from a radiation source in a first substantially vertical plane. A first shielding means, wherein the first shielding means is sized to allow a human appendage to pass through the first shielding means. The first shielding means and the rotation with respect to the first shielding means so as to be able to move in parallel along a substantially vertical axis and around this substantially vertical axis. It comprises a second shielding means for blocking radiation from the radiation source in a second substantially vertical plane, which is fixed to the supporting means so as to be possible.

A second aspect of the radiation shield assembly is provided, the second aspect of which is: a support arm constructed to support at least most of the weight of the radiation shield assembly, wherein the support arm is a longitudinal axis. With a support arm; a first substantially flat vertical fixed to the support arm, with an opening near the lower end, sized to allow the insertion of human appendages. With a directional shield; With 2 substantially flat vertical shields, the first vertical shield, the first horizontal shield, the second vertical shield, the second horizontal shield, and the vertical shield. The lower shields are all opaque to radiation.

In a third aspect, a system for shielding the user from an X-ray generator installed at the bottom while the user is caring for a patient lying above the X-ray generator. Is provided and this system is: with a pedestal constructed to support the patient with longitudinal and lateral axes; with an X-ray generator located below the pedestal; projected from the X-ray generator. With an image intensifier placed above the pedestal to receive X-rays; with a radiation-impermeable curtain shield extending downward from the pedestal on at least the first side of the pedestal; with a radiation shield assembly. There is a pedestal near the first side of the pedestal, a support arm constructed to support the weight of the radiating shield assembly, which has a substantially vertical longitudinal axis. A first substantially flat vertical shield placed approximately parallel to the longitudinal axis of the sill, and a first placed above the pedestal to allow passage of the patient's arm. A first shield assembly secured to a support arm with an opening in the vertical shield of the support arm, as well as to rotate about an axis that is approximately parallel to the longitudinal axis of the support arm. A second shield assembly that is rotatably and movably fixed to the support arm so as to move in parallel along the line, wherein the second shield assembly is placed above the table. With a second shield assembly, with a substantially flat vertical shield, with a radiation shield assembly, so that the second vertical shield is approximately perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the pedestal. It can be rotated about the axis or so that it is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the table.

A fourth aspect provides a radiation shield assembly configured to block radiation emitted from a radiation source, such that the radiation shield assembly supports: at least most of the weight of the radiation shield assembly. A support arm to be constructed with a support arm having a longitudinal axis; a first substantially flat vertical shield secured to the support arm via a first radiation opaque joint. And; movable parallel to the support arm via a second radiation opaque joint to rotate about an axis that is approximately parallel to the longitudinal axis of the support arm and to move parallel along this axis. And with a second substantially flat vertical shield, which is rotatably connected.

In a fifth aspect, a radiographic method is provided, wherein the radiological imaging method is: placing any radiation shield assembly of radiation shield assemblies above between the patient and the user. As a result, the patient's appendages will extend through the appendage opening in the radiation shield assembly; the placement and the insertion of the medical device into the vasculature of the appendage; Radiation is given to the patient using a radiation generator that is arranged so that the radiation is at least partially passed through the patient while the radiation shield assembly prevents the radiation from reaching the user. Including that.

In any of the above embodiments, the sterile coating may be present on the shield or shielding means of one or more of the shielding or shielding means.

The above presents a simplified overview to allow a basic understanding of some aspects of the claimed subject matter. This overview is not a comprehensive overview. This overview is not intended to identify important or essential elements or to represent the scope of the claimed subject matter. The sole purpose of this overview is to present some concepts in a simple form as a prelude to a more detailed explanation presented later.

It is a figure which shows the embodiment of the shield assembly which shows the 1st and 2nd vertical shield which are perpendicular to each other with the 2nd vertical shield lowered. FIG. 5 shows a shield assembly shown in FIG. 1 in which the first and second vertical shields are perpendicular to each other, with the second vertical shield raised. It is a figure which shows the shield assembly shown in FIG. 1 in the state which the 2nd vertical shield was rotated so that it may be substantially parallel to the 1st vertical shield. It is a figure which shows the embodiment of the shield assembly supported by a floor unit. It is a figure which shows the Example of the shield assembly supported by the ceiling-mounted boom. It is a figure which shows the Example of the shield assembly supported by the ceiling-mounted monorail. It is a figure which shows the embodiment of the shield assembly supported by the wall mounting boom (the wall is not shown). It is a figure which shows the embodiment of the shield assembly supported by the wall-mounted monorail (the wall is not shown). It is a figure which shows the Example of the shield assembly which has the 6th shield. FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of a shielding system with an operating table, an X-ray generator, and an X-ray image intensifier showing a patient in an exemplary position. It is a front view which shows the embodiment of the shielding system of FIG. It is a figure which shows the arrangement of the sensor in the example shield during a dosimetry test. It is a figure which shows the arrangement of a sensor in a lead apron during a dosimetry test. It is a figure which shows the arrangement of the sensor in the shield during an uniformity test. It is a figure which shows the sensor result of the shield of the uniformity test. An example of a shield assembly comprising a flexible radiation opaque member on the bottom of a first shielding means showing a pneumatic piston for raising and lowering a second horizontal shield. It is a figure which shows. It is a figure which shows the embodiment of the shielding system which has the operating table, the X-ray generator, and the X-ray image intensifier, which shows the drape of radiodensity below the operating table. It is a figure which shows the Example of the shield assembly which has a sterile covering in place. It is a figure which shows the embodiment of the sterile coating for use with a specific embodiment of a shield assembly.

A. Definitions Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein, including technical and scientific terms, have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art of the present disclosure. In addition, terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be construed as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the present specification and are not explicitly defined herein. It should be understood that it should not be interpreted in an ideal or overly formal sense. For simplicity or clarity, well-known functions or configurations need not be described in detail.

The terms "about" and "abbreviation" generally mean an acceptable amount of error or variation in the amount measured, given the nature and accuracy of the measurement. A typical exemplary error or variation amount is in the range of 20%, preferably in the range of 10%, more preferably in the range of 5% of a given value or range of given values. .. For example, the term "nearly parallel" or "nearly vertical" is true parallel or true vertical, such as 45 °, 25 °, 20 °, 15 °, 10 °, or 1 °. Or it means an angle within the range of allowable error amount or fluctuation amount from true vertical. The quantities given in this description are approximations unless otherwise stated, which means that the terms "about" or "abbreviation" may be implied, even if not explicitly stated. The quantity claimed is accurate unless otherwise stated.

When a feature or element is referred to as being "on" another feature or element, the feature and / or element may or may be present directly on top of another feature or element. Please understand that may exist. Conversely, if a feature or element is mentioned to be "directly on" another feature or element, then there are no intervening features or elements. Also, if a feature or element is referred to as being "connected," "attached," "fixed," or "combined" to another feature or element, the feature or element is said to be. It should be understood that there may be features or elements that may be directly connected, attached, fixed, coupled, or intervening to other features. .. Conversely, a feature or element is "directly connected", "directly attached", "directly fixed", or "directly coupled" to another feature or element. When mentioned, there are no intervening features or elements. Even if described or shown in connection with one embodiment, the features and elements thus described or shown may also apply to other embodiments.

The terminology used herein is solely for the purpose of describing a particular embodiment and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" also include the plural (ie, at least one of all modifications of the article), unless otherwise stated.

Relative spatial terms, such as "below," "below," "below," "above," and "above," are used herein for ease of explanation. It may be used to illustrate the relationship of one element or feature to another element or feature when the correct side of the device is facing up, as shown in.

Expressions such as "at least one of A and B" should be understood to mean "A only", "B only", or "both A and B". A similar syntax will apply to longer lists (eg, "at least one of A, B, and C"). Conversely, "at least one A and at least one B" must be understood as requiring both A and B.

Terms such as "first", "second", and "third" are used herein to describe various features or elements, but these features or elements are by these terms. Should not be limited. These terms are simply used to distinguish one feature or element from another. Accordingly, without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure, the first feature or element considered below may be referred to as a second feature or element, as well as the second feature or element considered below. The element may be referred to as a first feature or element.

The phrase "substantially composed of", in addition to the elements referred to, is the feasibility of what is claimed for its intended purpose as further described in this disclosure. It means that it can also include other elements (steps, structures, materials, components, etc.) that do not adversely affect. This expression is claimed for that intended purpose as described herein, even if other factors may enhance the feasibility of what is claimed for any other purpose. Eliminate other factors that adversely affect the feasibility of things.

It should be appreciated that any given element of the disclosed embodiments of the present invention may be embodied in a single structure, a single step, a single substance, or the like. Similarly, a given element of a disclosed embodiment may be embodied in multiple structures, multiple steps, multiple substances, and the like.

B. Radiation Shield Assembly Provided is a radiation shield assembly 100 configured to block radiation emitted from a radiation source, supported by a support means 145 for supporting the radiation shield assembly 100. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the first shielding means 105 is arranged in the first substantially vertical plane. The first shielding means 105 is secured to the supporting means 145 and has an appendage opening 110 sized to allow the human appendage to pass through the first shielding means 105. This provides an access route to the patient's arm (or leg or torso) for introducing a medical device (such as an arthroscopic instrument) through the patient's vasculature.

The second shielding means 115 is arranged in the second substantially vertical plane and fixed to the supporting means 145, with the second shielding means 115 as a reference to the first shielding means 105 and the second shielding means 115 as a substantially vertical axis. Allows translation along and around this axis. Therefore, the second shielding means 115 can be raised, lowered, or rocked with respect to the first shielding means 105 if it is necessary to access the patient (compare FIGS. 1-3). ).

To protect the medical staff from radiation transmitted through the appendage opening 110, a third shielding means 120 is in a first substantially horizontal plane that is substantially perpendicular to the first vertical plane. It may be arranged to block radiation from the appendage opening 110. The third shielding means 120 may be fixed to the first shielding means 105, so that the third shielding means 120 translates and rotates with the first shielding means 105. In other words, the first shielding means 105 and the third shielding means 120 may be fixed to each other in at least one configuration of the assembly 100 (but in some embodiments, the first shielding means). The 105 and the third shielding means 120 may be movable with at least one degree of freedom with respect to the support arm 150 or other part of the assembly 100). Additional (or alternative) protection in the form of a flexible radiodensity member at the bottom of the first shielding means 105 may be realized. In an alternative embodiment of the shield assembly 100, the flexible radiation permeable member 220 is a plane of the third shielding means 120 to block the radiation emitted through the appendage opening 110. Used within. Examples of such flexible radiodensity members 220 include shrouds, sleeves, curtains, and one or more leaves of iris ports. The radiation opaque member 220 having flexibility may be constructed from a radiation opaque material having any suitable flexibility.

The fourth shielding means 125 may be arranged in the second substantially horizontal plane. The second horizontal plane is substantially perpendicular to the second vertical plane. The fourth shielding means 125 is fixed to the second shielding means 115, so that the fourth shielding means 125 is, for example, along the supporting means 145 and centered on the supporting means 145. Translate and rotate with the shielding means 115. Additional protection in the form of a flexible, radiation-impermeable shroud at the bottom of the fourth shielding means 125 may be realized. In an alternative embodiment of the shield assembly 100, a flexible radiodensity shroud is used in place of the fourth shielding means 125.

A fifth located in a third substantially vertical plane that is substantially perpendicular to the second substantially vertical plane and to the second substantially horizontal plane and connected to the second shielding means 115. The shielding means 135 may be present, so that the fifth shielding means 135 moves and rotates in parallel with the second shielding means 115 and extends downward.

Some embodiments of the shield assembly 100 have a sixth shield means 140 arranged in a fourth substantially vertical plane and connected to the first shield means 105, resulting in a sixth shield. The shielding means 140 extends downward. The fourth substantially vertical plane may be substantially parallel to the first vertical plane. A sixth shielding means 140 may be arranged to protect the user's lower body from radiation. Any of a number of suitable forms, wherein the sixth shielding means 140 comprises one or more of a substantially flat shield, a flexible drape, and an extension of the first shielding means 105. Can take the form of.

The first shielding means 105 and the second shielding means 115 may be configured to swing about a common axis, such as a hinge (compare FIGS. 1 and 2). This axis may be, for example, the longitudinal axis of the support means 145. In another embodiment, each of the first shielding means 105 and the second shielding means 115 can swing about each of the two separate axes, where the axes are substantially parallel to each other. .. In some such embodiments, both of these axes are substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the support means 145. By analogy, the first shielding means 105 and the second shielding means 115 can swing with respect to each other, like the front and back covers of a book. In some embodiments, the first shielding means 105 and the second shielding means 115 can take a relative position of about 180 ° from each other so that the first shielding means when viewed from above. The 105 and the second shielding means 115 are substantially parallel and / or on the same straight line. Such an "open" configuration is useful for forming a barrier along the overall length of the patient lying down. In some embodiments, the first shield 105 and the second shield 115 can be positioned 0 ° or nearly 0 ° relative to each other, in such cases the first shield 105 and the second shield 105. The shields 115 of 2 may be in contact with each other or close to each other and may be substantially parallel. In some embodiments, the first shield 105 and the second shield 115 are configured to rotate relative to each other over an arc of at least about 90 °. In some other embodiments, the first shielding means 105 and the second shielding means 115 are configured to rotate about each other over an arc of up to about 180 °, and in another specific embodiment, It is configured to rotate with respect to each other over an arc of about 0 ° to 180 °.

The first shielding means 105 and the second shielding means 115 may be further configured to translate relative to each other or integrally along the support means 145 (compare FIGS. 1 and 2). sea bream). The shield assembly 100 can be provided with means 225 for translating at least one of the first shielding means 105 and the second shielding means 115 along the supporting means 145. For example, the means 225 for translation may be an auxiliary mechanism, a counterweight mechanism, an electric motor, a hydraulic mechanism, a pneumatic mechanism, a manual mechanism, or any combination of the above.

The support means 145 may be configured to allow the entire shielding assembly 100 to be translated relative to the operating table 305 in the operating room. For example, the support means 145 allows the entire shield assembly 100 to be manually translated, or the entire shield assembly 100 is mechanically translated by one or more actuators. Can be configured to enable. Some embodiments of the support means 145 constitute a support arm 150. The support arm 150 will be configured to support most (if not all) of the weight of the assembly 100. In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the support arm 150 is an elongated steel structure and has a longitudinal axis that is substantially vertical when the shield assembly 100 is used. The support arm 150 can be constructed of any material having sufficient mechanical strength to support the assembly 100 and can be designed by one of ordinary skill in the art. Preferably, the support arm 150 is constructed from a material that is also radiation opaque to the expected frequency and intensity of radiation. For example, some embodiments of the support arm 150 are opaque to X-rays of energy that are common in radiological applications.

The support means 145 will be supported by a ceiling, floor, wall, or another structure. In the case of the floor-mounted type (as shown in FIG. 4), the supporting means 145 can be supported by various structures. The support means 145 can be installed integrally on the floor or otherwise supported by a stand that is either movable or fixed.

Some embodiments of the support means 145 include a substantially vertical mast 155. The support means 145 can support the shield assembly 100 to some extent. For example, some embodiments of the support means 145 can support most of the weight of the assembly 100. In another embodiment, the support means 145 can or can support almost the entire weight of the assembly 100. The mast 155 can be supported by various means. In some embodiments of the radiation shield assembly 100, the mast 155 is supported by the floor stand 170. The floor stand 170 may further include a plurality of wheels 175 to allow the assembly 100 to be easily deployed and removed. In another embodiment of this system, the mast 155 is suspended by an overhead boom 160 (see FIGS. 5 and 7). The use of the overhead boom 160 can provide easy mobility even for a relatively large assembly 100, which allows the assembly 100 to be quickly and easily installed and removed relative to the patient. Allows you to do. Various configurations are contemplated that utilize the boom 160. For example, the mast 155 may be configured to rotate about the longitudinal axis of the overhead boom 160 or to pivot relative to the overhead boom 160. The mast 155 may be able to translate along the longitudinal axis of the overhead boom 160. In another embodiment of the system, the overhead boom 160 is supported by a second mast 165. The second mast 165 can be further supported on a wheeled floor stand 170, can be mounted on the ceiling, or can be mounted on the wall. For example, the second mast 165 may be supported by wall mount rail 180 or ceiling mount rail 185 (see FIGS. 6 and 8): in such an embodiment, the second mast 165 is wall mount rail 180 or ceiling mount. It may be possible to move in parallel along the rail 185. As another example, the second mast 165 may be supported by reference to the wall-mounted rocking arm 190 or the ceiling-mounted rocking arm 195 (FIGS. 5 and 7). In another embodiment, the second mast 165 may be supported by a swing arm, the swing arm is further supported by a wall mount rail 180 or a ceiling mount rail 185, where the swing arm is a wall mount rail 180 or It can be translated along the ceiling installation rail 185.

In some embodiments where the third horizontal shielding means 120 is present, the first shielding means 105 and the third shielding means 120 are configured to translate together in the vertical direction. For example, the first shielding means 105 and the third shielding means 120 may be configured to translate integrally along the supporting means 145. The degree of translation can be configured to optimize the user's shielding from X-rays when the user is standing or sitting. For example, the first shielding means 105 may be configured to translate so that, in the first position, the top edge of the first shielding means 105 is above the floor and at least approximately adult height. .. Considering the size of a normal human, this height may be 175 cm, 180 cm, 185 cm, 190 cm, 195 cm, or 200 cm above the floor.

Similarly, the first shielding means 105 itself will be sized to provide adequate radiation protection when in place during use. For example, the first shielding means 105 can have a height that is at least an approximate distance from the upper surface of the operating table 305 to the average human full height. In various embodiments, when the operating table 305 is on the floor, the first shielding means 105 is 175 cm, 180 cm, 185 cm, 190 cm, 195 cm, or above the floor from the upper surface of the operating table 305. It has a height that is an approximate distance to a height of 200 cm. When the height is large, there is an advantage that the shielded area from X-rays is large, whereas when the height is small, there is an advantage that the weight and cost are reduced.

In the embodiment shown in the figure, the first shielding means 105 is arranged substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the operating table 305, and the user's X-rays emitted from a point below the operating table 305. Intended to protect the upper body. In the embodiment shown, the first shielding means 105 is a substantially flat vertical shield secured to the support arm 150. Of course, the first shielding means 105 can perform its function even if it is not exactly vertical and can be designed to tilt if it is necessary or desired to customize the shielding area. Some embodiments of the first vertical shield 105 are designed to extend above the user's head to prevent direct radiation from reaching the user's head. It will be. The first vertical shield 105 may be designed to extend above the head of a standing user or, in some situations, a sitting user. The first horizontal shield 105 embodiment shown has sufficient length to extend from the patient's head to the patient's general waist. Such configurations are particularly useful in procedures where radiography is used to visualize the patient's chest area. This length can be increased to provide a wider range of protection, but such an increase in length would result in increased weight and flexibility in the configurations that would accompany such changes. Must be balanced with the decline in.

In the embodiments shown, an opening 110 within a first shielding means 105 is shown to allow the patient's arm to extend from the shielding area. The opening 110 can optionally accommodate a flexible shielding material, such as a radiation opaque curtain or a flexible flange 220. The opening 110 shown is semi-circular, but can take any shape that allows the patient's appendages to extend through the shield. The opening 110 provides a possible route for radiation leakage. The third shielding means 120 is arranged so as to prevent the radiation transmitted through the opening 110 from irradiating the user. In the embodiment shown, the third shielding means 120 is a horizontal shield located above the opening 110, which is perpendicular to the first vertical shield 105. This particular configuration is useful for blocking radiation from a radiation position below the opening 110 on the side of the vertical shield opposite where the user is standing. The third shielding means 120 can be oriented in various ways to accommodate the various radiation positions relative to the opening 110.

In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1-3, the second shielding means 115 aims to allow the assembly 100 to be adjusted according to the size of the patient, as well as access to the patient to varying degrees. And configured to rotate and translate relative to the first shielding means 105, with the aim of allowing the assembly 100 to be reconfigured to provide varying degrees of protection from radiation. To. In the embodiments shown, the second shielding means 115 takes the form of a second substantially vertical shield 115 connected to the support arm 150, thereby rotating about the longitudinal axis of the arm and the same. It is possible to translate parallel to the longitudinal axis. In FIG. 1, the second vertical shield 115 is shown at a position perpendicular to the first vertical shield 105. Such a configuration is in fact useful to provide the user with an access route to the patient's legs as the second vertical shield 115 traverses the patient's body. The second vertical shield can also be lowered to the operating table 305 to form a complete shield when the patient's head is placed closest to the second vertical shield 115. In FIG. 3, the second vertical shield 115 is shown substantially parallel to the first vertical shield 105.

The fourth shielding means 125 functions to block radiation that may be emitted from under the second shielding means 115 when the second shielding means 115 is placed above the operating table 305. .. In the accompanying figure, the fourth shielding means 125 is shown as a horizontal shield with a notch 130. This trapezoidal notch 130 functions to allow access to the patient's groin during the procedure, which allows access to the femoral vein for arthroscopic insertion. Can be useful. The notch 130 is a useful but optional structural part of the second horizontal shield 125. In the embodiment shown, the second horizontal shield 125 is arranged to block radiation emitted from below the operating table 305, but this structure is versatile to block radiation from another direction. Can be arranged in shape.

If present, the fifth shielding means 135 functions to shield the radiation so that it does not act on the lower body of the user when the user is located on the side of the support arm 150 opposite to the radiation source. .. Such a structure is generally not needed below the first shielding means 150. The reason is that the operating table is usually equipped with a lead curtain suspended from the operating table for procedures that require radiation monitoring. However, this curtain does not always extend over the entire length of the operating table, nor does it extend along the width of the operating table.

Most of the surface area of the shielding means is opaque to the frequency and intensity of the radiation intended to be blocked by the shielding means. Some embodiments of the shielding means may be radiation opaque as a whole. Illustrated materials that are radiation opaque to X-rays include lead plates, lead filling, lead acrylic eyeglasses, and polymer suspensions of lead particles. Other heavy metals such as barium may be used, but lead has the advantage of having a very large atomic number and being a stable nuclide. As the thickness along the radiation vector increases, so does the radiodensity. When designing the shielding means, there will be a balance between achieving sufficient radiodensity and limiting the weight of the device. For example, the thickness of some examples of lead shields will be about 0.5-1.5 mm. The thickness of another embodiment of the lead shield is about 0.8-1.0 mm. For lower density materials such as lead acrylic, they must be thicker to achieve the same level of radiodensity as lead. For example, some examples of lead acrylic shields have a thickness of about 12-35 mm. Another embodiment of the lead acrylic shield is about 18-22 mm thick. Lead barium type glass is another suitable material. For example, some embodiments of lead barium type glass shields have a thickness of about 7-17 mm. Another embodiment of the lead barium type glass shield has a thickness of about 7 mm, 9 mm, 14 mm, or 17 mm. Comparing these exemplary materials, lead has the advantage of better radiodensity per unit thickness, whereas lead acrylic and lead barium type glass are visually transparent and X-ray. It has the advantage of impermeableness. In some embodiments of the assembly 100, at least one of the first to fifth shielding means 105, 115, 120, 125, 135 is transparent to visible light. In such examples, the permeable shielding means are 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, and 100. It can have an optical transmittance equal to or greater than one of%.

Outside the context of any particular material, the radiodensity of the shielding means may be expressed as a lead equivalent in millimeters. In various embodiments of the system, the first shielding means 105, the second shielding means 115, the third shielding means 120, the fourth shielding means 125, or the fifth shielding means 135 are at least 0.5 mm. , 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, or 3.3 mm with a lead equivalent of radiation impermeable.

Any of the shielding means described above may be joined to each other or to the supporting means 145 via a radiation opaque joint 205. Such a radiodensity opaque joint 205 will minimize the transmission of radiation from the generator through the joint 205. This can be achieved between the plates, for example by joining the plates so that they have a sufficiently narrow gap, resulting in a gap from the radiation source when in the intended proper position at the operating table 305. It becomes impossible to draw a straight line that passes through. Such a joint 205 may be constructed using, for example, a radiation opaque brace or wrap joint. A radiation opaque joint 205 with a support arm 150 can be constructed, for example, by using a radiation opaque sleeve around the support arm 150 fixed to the shielding means.

The radiation shield assembly 100 is supported by the support arm 150 and may be positioned to place the first and second shield assemblies between the patient and the user. A first shield assembly is secured to a support arm 150 and comprises a first substantially vertical shield 105 and a first substantially horizontal shield 120. The second shield assembly is further fixed to the support arm 150 so as to rotate about and parallel to the longitudinal axis of the support arm 150 with respect to the first shield assembly. .. A second shield assembly is placed above the operating table 305, a second substantially flat vertical shield 115; connected to a second vertical shield 115 and located above the operating table 305. It comprises two substantially horizontal shields 125; and a substantially flat vertical lower shield 135 extending from the second horizontal shield 125 to below the operating table 305. The second vertical shield 115 can be rotated about an axis that is approximately perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the operating table 305 or approximately parallel to the longitudinal axis of the operating table 305.

The shield assembly may further have one or more sterile coatings to maintain sterile conditions during the procedure. This coating can be constructed from any material that can be applied for sterilization. The coating may also be constructed from a material that is sterile at the time of manufacture, even if the material cannot be applied due to subsequent sterilization, and such examples of the coating may be considered disposable. .. Materials that can be applied for sterility may be applicable to only one sterility method or may be applicable to multiple sterility methods. Known methods of sterilization include chemical sterilization, thermal sterilization (both steam sterilization and dry heat sterilization), and sterilization by radiation (eg, gamma). The coating can be constructed from a permeable material, which has the advantage of allowing medical staff to see the patient if one or more of the shields are also permeable. One or more of the shields may be radiation permeable. The reason is that their primary function is to provide a sterile environment, essentially not to provide additional radiation protection.

The shield assembly is: a first covering 405 over a first shielding means or a first vertical shield; a second covering within a second shielding means or a second vertical shield. Object 415; 3rd covering means on 3rd shielding means or 3rd horizontal shield 420; 4th covering means 425 on 4th shielding means or 2nd horizontal shield A fifth covering 435 on a fifth shielding means or a vertical lower shield; a sixth covering 410 on a sixth shielding means or a third substantially vertical shield; and You can have one or more of the seventh coverings 440 on the supporting means or mast. In some embodiments of the shield assembly, the first cover 405, the third cover 420, and the sixth cover 410 are part of a single component. In some embodiments of the shield assembly, the second cover 415 and the fourth cover 425 are part of a single component. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 19, the first cover unit 450 surrounds the components of the first shield assembly, the first cover 405, the third cover 420, and the sixth cover. It has a 410; a second cover unit 455 has a second covering 415 and a fourth covering 425 that surround the components of the second shield assembly.

Aseptic coatings can take a variety of shapes. Examples include drapes suspended downward from rods or other support structures located above the drapes. Another example is the case of covering multiple sides of one or more shields. Such cases may be hard wall cases (like boxes) or soft cases (like bags). The soft case can have a means of tightening the covering over the shield, such as a drawstring. The coating may be molded to accommodate one or more of the shields.

FIG. 18 shows an embodiment of a shielded assembly with a sterile coating in place. The first shield assembly (having a first vertical shield and a first horizontal shield) is covered by a soft cover unit made of clear plastic. The soft cover unit has a first covering section 405 fitted over the first vertical shield and a third covering section 420 fitted over the first horizontal shield. The soft cover unit on top of the first shield assembly can be tightened in place using a drawstring. The second shield assembly is partially covered by the second soft cover unit; second. The soft cover unit of has a second covering 415 surrounding the second vertical shield and a fourth covering 425 on top of the second horizontal shield. The lower shield in the vertical direction is covered by a fifth covering 435 in the form of a suspended drape. In addition, the support mast is covered with a seventh covering, such as a sterile drape. Note that the support mast drape is attached to the soft cover of the first and second shield assemblies by a small adhesive patch.

The shield assembly may be part of a wider system with an operating table 305, an X-ray generator 310, and an image intensifier 315 (see FIGS. 10 and 11). The X-ray generator 310 will be arranged to guide X-rays through the operating table 305 to the image intensifier 315 on the other side, as is known in the art. The X-ray generator 310 and the image intensifier 315 may be mounted on each other, for example, on a C-shaped arm 320. The operating table 305 will frequently have a radiation permeable curtain 325 suspended from at least one side of the operating table 305. The curtain 325 can further extend around two or more sides of the operating table 305. The curtain 325 is particularly useful when the system is configured to have an X-ray generator 310 below the operating table 305. Generally, the patient is "lying". This is an unobstructed patient (patient patent) lying in any orientation on the operating table 305, including in the supine, prone, and lateral positions. It means that it has become. As before, the patient will be placed on the operating table 305, for example, between the X-ray generator 310 and the image intensifier 315, both placed on the C-arm 320. In the accompanying illustration, the X-ray generator 310 is shown below the patient, which is one general usage configuration and not the only configuration in which the system can be used. An operating table (such as operating table 305) can support the patient. Various configurations of operating table 305 can be used, depending on the age and size of the patient. The image intensifier 315 will be arranged to receive the X-rays emitted from the X-ray generator 310 (such as above the operating table 305 when the X-ray generator 310 is placed below). Will be). Normally, a radiation opaque curtain shield 325 extends downward from the pedestal 305 on the side where the medical personnel will work (“first side”). The first shielding means 305 may be arranged to contact the edge of the operating table along its length dimension, i.e., as a result, the bottom edge of the first shielding means 105 may be arranged along its length dimension. It comes below the surface of the operating table 305. A second shielding means 115 may be further arranged parallel to the length dimension of the operating table 305, thereby forming a barrier between the user and the patient's lower limbs. In such a configuration, the second shielding means 115 is further arranged so that its lower edge is in contact with the operating table 305 or suspended below the surface height of the operating table. Prevents radiation from reaching the user. Alternatively, the second shielding means 115 can be rotated approximately at right angles with respect to the first shielding means 105, thereby traversing the operating table 305 laterally. If the second shielding means 115 has a notch at the bottom to receive the patient's body, this allows the user to access the patient's lower limbs, thereby allowing access, for example, the femoral vein. The second shielding means 115 can be lifted along the supporting means 145 to adequately accommodate the patient's physiology. If the patient's head is located near the second shielding means 115 (not shown), the second shielding means 115 traverses the operating table 305 and contacts the operating table 305. As such, it is also intended that it can be placed. Thus, a medical device, such as a catheter or arthroscopic instrument, passes through an extending arm or leg through a first shielding means 105 or a second shielding means 115, minimizing the radiation reaching the user. It can be inserted into the patient's vasculature.

A method of radiology using any embodiment of the radiation shield assembly 100 disclosed above is provided. This method involves placing any one of the radiation shield assemblies or systems described above between the patient and the user so that the patient's appendages are open to the appendages within the shield assembly. To be extended through the portion 110, to be placed; to insert the medical device into the vasculature of the appendage; at least while preventing the shield assembly 100 from reaching the user. It involves irradiating a patient with a radiation generator 310 that is arranged to allow radiation to pass partially through the patient.

C. Examples An analysis was performed at the test location with the aim of evaluating examples of shielding systems. The Siemens C-ARM X-ray source, which is normally used for fluorescence fluoroscopy operations, was used to generate secondary scattered radiation using two CIRS76-125 patient-equivalent models. Analysis was performed to inspect scattered radiation through special shielding and the results of protective unshielded lead aprons were compared.

The test sample is a customized lead acrylic radiation protective shield specially made for C-ARM applications. This shield is a series of custom made with a minimum density of 4.36 g cm ^-3 , a refractive index of 1.71, a coefficient of thermal expansion of 8E-6 / ° C (30-380 °), and a Knoop hardness of 370. 18.8 mm thick lead acrylic material (Massachusetts, West Bridgewater, Sharp Mfg.). Specifically, this material is a high optical grade lead barium type glass containing 60% (at least 55% PbO) or more of heavy metal oxides. The manufacturer guarantees that the lead equivalent of this material will exceed 3.3 mmPb. The design of this custom-made shield with a label was constructed as generally shown in FIG. With the exception of the support system, which is passed through aluminum, this shielding system is made from raw materials that are exactly the same in their entirety. All panels were made and cut by the manufacturer.

Model limbs and torso (Virginia, Norfolk, Combined Imaging Reference Systems, Inc.) corresponding to patients with lead-acrylic Lead-Acrylic of CIRS76-125 used to represent the torso of the patient, including the arms. Via, a Siemens Model 103946668 with a Medical C-ARM source with serial number 1398 was used to generate scattered radiation. The Siemens Medical C-ARM has a reported intrinsic filtration value of 0.8 mmAl (70 kV) in addition to a size B diamentor chamber with an intrinsic filtration value of 0.2 mmAl (70 kV). No secondary filtration is used for the measurements considered in this report.

Radiation measurements were made using the Panoramic Survey Meter of the Victoreen 470A with serial number 2079. Calibration was performed using a Cs-137 isotope source at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Radiology Lab.

Comparisons were performed with lead aprons using two products (Techno Aide lead apron with serial number T116969 and Xenolith with serial number 102 001). According to the manufacturer's information, both lead aprons have a lead equivalent of 0.5 mmPb.

試験方法及び試験手順はＡＳＴＭ Ｆ３０９４（ＡＳＴＭ Ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ「Ｓｔａｎｄａｒｄ Ｔｅｓｔ Ｍｅｔｈｏｄ ｆｏｒ Ｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｉｎｇ Ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ Ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｄ ｂｙ Ｘ－ｒａｙ Ｓｈｉｅｌｄｉｎｇ Ｇａｒｍｅｎｔｓ Ｕｓｅｄ ｉｎ Ｍｅｄｉｃａｌ Ｘ－ｒａｙ Ｆｌｕｏｒｏｓｃｏｐｙ ｆｒｏｍ Ｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ ｏｆ Ｓｃａｔｔｅｒｅｄ Ｘ－Ｒａｙｓ」、ＡＳＴＭ Ｖｏｌｕｍｅ１１．０３、Ｏｃｃｕｐａｔｉｏｎａｌ Ｈｅａｌｔｈ ａｎｄ Ｓａｆｅｔｙ ；Ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｖｅ Ｃｌｏｔｈｉｎｇ、２０１７年）、ＩＥＣ６１３３１（Ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ Ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｔｅｃｈｎｉｃａｌ Ｃｏｍｍｉｓｓｉｏｎ、「Ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｖｅ ｄｅｖｉｃｅｓ ａｇａｉｎｓｔ ｄｉａｇｎｏｓｔｉｃ ｍｅｄｉｃａｌ Ｘ－ｒａｄｉａｔｉｏｎ － Ｐａｒｔ １；Ｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ａｔｔｅｎｕａｔｉｏｎ ｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ ｏｆ ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ」、２０１４年、ｈｔｔｐｓ：／／ｗｅｂｓｔｏｒｅ．ｉｅｃ．ｃｈ／ｐｕｂｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ／ It is guided by 5289). The test method system was developed and created before implementation. ASTM F3094 and IEC6131-1 are incorporated herein by reference to allow one of ordinary skill in the art to implement this protocol.

Custom-made lead-acrylic shields were tested for attenuation and uniformity of scattered radiation. Measurements were made along the main edges of the entire shield as well as along the semi-circular section. During the procedure, the doctor will place the patient's arm on this semi-circular section. Equivalent scattered radiation measurements were compared to a lead apron with a 0.5 mm lead equivalent. The last set of measurements was made without the shield in place. All data was recorded in the field. All measurements were recorded with an exposure time of 10 seconds and reported only 3 times. The criteria for protection are based on the measured radiation attenuation from the 81 kV X-ray C-ARM source.

The radiation detected by the Victoreen 470A represents the scattered X-ray radiation generated by the interaction of the X-rays with the patient-corresponding model of CIRS76-125. The distance of the C-ARM to the X-ray source was set at the default distance of 43.18 cm (17 inches) used in patient examination. This protocol is referred to herein as the "ASTM F3094 / IEC 6131-1 Protocol".

The average measured values of scattered radiation without a shield can be seen in Table 1 below. All measurements were made only a minimum of 3 times. First, a custom-made shield was placed in place and radiation measurements were taken. Therefore, subsequent measurements without any shield and with two lead aprons can also mark the exact location of the shield, model, and detector.

All measurements were made only a minimum of 3 times. The average measured values of scattered radiation using a custom-made lead acrylic shield (Fig. 12) can be seen in Table 2 below. Measurements made with custom-made shields and even currently accepted lead aprons have very low intensities, only slightly higher than background radiation. As a result, the standard deviation due to repeated measurements was small compared to the measurements without the shield in Table 1 above.

In addition, measurements were made to detect the radiation level at the doctor's exact location during use. Specifically, the measurement was performed at the height of the doctor's torso and further at the height of the doctor's chest. The results are summarized in Table 3 below.

Furthermore, scattered radiation was measured using an apron having a lead equivalent of 0.5 mm of Techno Aide. This can be seen in Table 4 below. Measurements were made using a lead apron (FIG. 13) for the purpose of comparing the accepted medical radiation protection devices with the protection devices proposed in this study. Exact comparisons in practical positions were used to provide the most accurate information and to make the most accurate comparisons. A graphical representation was made using Table 4 below, which summarizes the observed mean values for the measurement of scattered radiation along with the standard deviation.

After completing the survey measurement of the first 0.5 mm lead equivalent apron, the second lead apron was selected and repeated measurements exactly as was done for the Techno Aide product. The measurements for the mean values for the measurement of scattered radiation for comparison of the lead aprons of the second XenoLite are summarized in Table 5 below.

Two shield components were measured to represent uniformity with the aim of ensuring that no voids were present in the entire cloaking device. These measurements were performed by the same method as described above. The results can be seen in FIGS. 14 and 15. The data are shown in the same format as Tables 1-4, using the reported mean and standard deviations of scattered radiation (in parentheses).

As demonstrated by FIG. 14, no significant voids were observed when performing the survey measurements of main panel A. Radiation measurements yielded very close to previously reported measurements in the center of each panel. Repeated measurements were virtually ideal and the standard deviation was small.

As demonstrated by FIG. 15, four regions were investigated for uniformity when using the main body panel A. The measured mean radiation values, along with the standard deviation (in parentheses), are expressed as above. A brief comparison of FIGS. 14 and 15 shows that the values are very equivalent between the main panel A and the main body panel A.

The pass / fail criteria are based on the already accepted performance criteria for custom made C-ARM cloaking devices for industrial grade lead acrylic. In addition, this cloaking device must provide protection equal to or greater than the currently accepted lead aprons used for similar applications. Alabama's guideline, which states that the surface dose equivalent that medical workers receive in one year is less than 5 Rem, was used as a pass / fail criterion.

The endpoints of this study are based on the successful completion of all measurements, as directed by the Alabama guidelines for protective devices used by physicians in the examination of patients with C-ARM. The study endpoints are specifically based on comparable measurements made using currently accepted lead aprons vs. custom made lead acrylic shields, without any kind of protective shield. ..

The level of radiation detected behind the applicant's custom-made lead acrylic shield was consistent with the calculated value based on the manufacturer's performance standards. The level of radiation detected is within the range of maximum permissible radiation doses for medical workers.

Compared to the currently accepted lead aprons, the levels of attenuated radiation detected behind the custom shields were relatively comparable. In this case, the performance of custom shields and lead aprons is largely due to the detection of secondary radiation rather than primary radiation. Equivalent primary radiation scattered is used to determine the official lead equivalent of the material. Under actual scattering conditions as used in this study, the measurable amount of secondary radiation is very small, so it is expected that differences between materials with varying lead equivalents will be measurable. I can't.

Using the currently received radiation doses equivalent to 5 rem (R) per year, 52 working hours per year, and 40 hours per week, the total annual exposure with this shield prototype is calculated. did. According to the highest observed radiation measurements obtained during this study at 0.25 mR / hr, 40 hours of work per week yields a total radiation dose of 10 mR per week. Using the mean calculated from all measurements of 0.164 mR / hr, 40 hours of work per week yields a total radiation dose of 6.6 mR per week. Using the maximum possible radiation dose of 10 mR per week, the custom-made shield device results in a total radiation dose of 520 mR or 0.52 R per year.

D. CONCLUSIONS The above statements exemplify and illustrate processes, machines, manufacturing, composition of materials, and other teachings of the present disclosure. In addition, the present disclosure shows and describes only specific embodiments of the disclosed processes, machines, manufactures, composition of substances, and other teachings, but as mentioned above, the present disclosure. It should be understood that the teachings of the above may be used in a variety of other combinations, modifications, and environments and may be modified or modified within the scope of the teachings set forth herein. The embodiments described above herein further illustrate, and specify, the particular best known embodiments for practicing processes, machines, manufactures, composition of substances, and other teachings of the present disclosure. It is intended to allow one of ordinary skill in the art to utilize the teachings of the present disclosure in these or other embodiments while making various modifications as required by the intended use or use of. Accordingly, the processes, machines, manufactures, composition of materials, and other teachings of the present disclosure are not intended to limit the exact examples and examples disclosed herein. The headings for all sections of this specification are 36C. F. R Section 1.77 is provided simply to match or is provided to present an organizational queue. These headings do not limit or characterize the invention described herein.

Claims (139)

A radiation shield assembly configured to block radiation emitted from a radiation source, wherein the radiation shield assembly is:
(A) With a supporting means for supporting the radiation shield assembly;
(B) A first shielding means for blocking radiation from the radiation source in a first substantially vertical plane, fixed to the supporting means, and a human appendage is the first shielding means. With a first shielding means having an appendage opening sized to allow passage through the means;
(C) A second shielding means for blocking radiation from the radiation source in a second substantially vertical plane, wherein the second shielding means is substantially perpendicular to the first shielding means. With a second shielding means fixed to the support means so that it can be translated and rotated along an axis of direction;
(D) (i) with at least one of the first sterile coatings on the first shielding means; and (ii) the second sterile coating on the first shielding means;
Radiation shield assembly with. The radiation shield assembly according to claim 1, wherein the first sterile coating on the first shielding means and the second sterile coating on the first shielding means. .. A third shielding means for blocking radiation from the accessory limb opening in a first substantially horizontal plane that is substantially perpendicular to the first vertical plane, said third. The radiation shield assembly according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the shielding means is fixed to the first shielding means, whereby the third shielding means moves and rotates in parallel with the first shielding means. A third shielding means for blocking radiation from the accessory limb opening in the first substantially horizontal plane that is substantially perpendicular to the first vertical plane. On the third shielding means and the third shielding means, the shielding means is fixed to the first shielding means, whereby the third shielding means moves and rotates in parallel with the first shielding means. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a third sterile coating. A third shielding means for blocking radiation from the accessory limb opening in a first substantially horizontal plane that is substantially perpendicular to the first vertical plane, said third. The shielding means is fixed to the first shielding means, whereby the third shielding means moves and rotates in parallel with the first shielding means, and the first sterile coating material is the third shielding means. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising a third sterile coating on the means. The fourth shielding means has a fourth shielding means for blocking radiation from the radiation source in the second substantially horizontal plane which is substantially perpendicular to the second vertical plane. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the fourth shielding means is fixed to the second shielding means, whereby the fourth shielding means moves and rotates in parallel with the second shielding means. .. A fourth shielding means for blocking radiation from the radiation source in a second substantially horizontal plane that is substantially perpendicular to the second vertical plane, wherein the fourth shielding means is A second shielding means above the fourth shielding means and the fourth shielding means, which is fixed to the second shielding means, whereby the fourth shielding means moves and rotates in parallel with the second shielding means. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the sterile coating of 4. The fourth shielding means has a fourth shielding means for blocking radiation from the radiation source in the second substantially horizontal plane which is substantially perpendicular to the second vertical plane. It is fixed to the second shielding means, whereby the fourth shielding means moves and rotates in parallel with the second shielding means, and the second sterile coating is placed on the fourth shielding means. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the fourth sterile coating. A fifth shielding means for blocking radiation from the radiation source within the second substantially vertical plane and the third substantially vertical plane that is substantially perpendicular to the second substantially horizontal plane. Any of claims 1 to 8, wherein the fifth shielding means is connected to the second shielding means, whereby the fourth shielding means moves and rotates in parallel with the second shielding means. Or the radiation shield assembly described in paragraph 1. A fifth shielding means for blocking radiation from the radiation source within a third substantially vertical plane that is substantially perpendicular to the second substantially vertical plane and the second substantially horizontal plane. The fifth shielding means and the fifth shielding means, wherein the fifth shielding means is connected to the second shielding means, whereby the fourth shielding means moves and rotates in parallel with the second shielding means. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising a fifth sterile coating on a fifth shielding means. It has a sixth shielding means for blocking radiation from the radiation source in a fourth substantially vertical plane substantially parallel to the first substantially vertical plane, and the sixth shielding means is said to be the first. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 10, which is fixed to the shielding means of 1. A sixth shielding means for blocking radiation from the radiation source in a fourth substantially vertical plane that is substantially parallel to the first substantially vertical plane, and is fixed to the first shielding means. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 11, further comprising a sixth shielding means to be formed and a sixth sterile coating on the sixth shielding means. The sixth shielding means is provided with a sixth shielding means for blocking radiation from the radiation source in the fourth substantially vertical plane which is substantially parallel to the first substantially vertical plane. One of claims 1 to 12, wherein the first sterile coating is secured to the first shielding means and includes a sixth sterile coating on the sixth shielding means. Radiation shield assembly described in. A sixth shielding means for blocking radiation from the radiation source in a fourth substantially vertical plane substantially parallel to the first substantially vertical plane is provided, and the sixth shielding means is said to be the first. The sixth shielding means is fixed to the shielding means 1 and is selected from the group consisting of a substantially flat shield, a flexible drape, and an extension portion of the first shielding means. Item 5. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of Items 1 to 13. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the first and second shielding means are configured to rotate with respect to each other over an arc of at least about 90 °. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the first and second shielding means are configured to rotate with respect to each other over an arc of up to about 180 °. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the first and second shielding means are configured to rotate with respect to each other over an arc of about 0 ° to 180 °. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the support means has a substantially vertical mast. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the support means can support almost the entire weight of the radiation shield assembly. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the support means can support the entire weight of the radiation shield assembly. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein the support means supports the entire weight of the radiation shield assembly during operation. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 21, wherein the first shielding means and the third shielding means are vertically integrally translated. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 22, wherein the first shielding means and the third shielding means are configured to translate integrally along the supporting means. The first shielding means is configured to translate along the substantially vertical axis, whereby the top edge of the first shielding means is at least approximately above the floor in the first position. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 23, which comes to the height of an adult. The first shielding means is configured to translate along the substantially vertical axis, whereby the top edge of the first shielding means is at least about about above the floor in the first position. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 24, which comes at 2 m. 13. Radiation shield assembly. When the operating table is on the floor, the first shielding means has a height that is at least an approximate distance from the upper surface of the operating table to a height of 2 m from the floor. , The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 26. At least one of the first shielding means, the second shielding means, the third shielding means, the fourth shielding means, or the fifth shielding means has a lead equivalent of at least 0.5 mm. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 27, which has radiation opacity. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 28, wherein the first to sixth shielding means have a lead equivalent of at least 0.5 mm of radiation impermeable. At least one of the first shielding means, the second shielding means, the third shielding means, the fourth shielding means, or the fifth shielding means is radiation-free with a lead equivalent of at least 1 mm. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 29, which has permeability. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 30, wherein the first to sixth shielding means have a lead equivalent of at least 1 mm of radiation impermeable. At least one of the first shielding means, the second shielding means, the third shielding means, the fourth shielding means, or the fifth shielding means has a lead equivalent of at least 1.5 mm. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 31, which has radiation opacity. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 32, wherein the first to sixth shielding means have a lead equivalent of at least 1.5 mm of radiation impermeable. At least one of the first shielding means, the second shielding means, the third shielding means, the fourth shielding means, or the fifth shielding means is radiation-free with a lead equivalent of at least 2 mm. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 33, which has permeability. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 34, wherein the first to sixth shielding means have a lead equivalent of at least 2 mm of radiation impermeable. At least one of the first shielding means, the second shielding means, the third shielding means, the fourth shielding means, or the fifth shielding means is radiation-free with a lead equivalent of at least 3 mm. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 35, which has permeability. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 36, wherein the first to sixth shielding means have a lead equivalent of at least 3 mm of radiation impermeable. At least one of the first shielding means, the second shielding means, the third shielding means, the fourth shielding means, or the fifth shielding means has a lead equivalent of at least 3.3 mm. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 37, which has radiation opacity. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 38, wherein the first to sixth shielding means have a lead equivalent of at least 3.3 mm of radiation impermeable. Claims 1-39, wherein at least one of the first to sixth shielding means reduces radiation exposure by at least 85% as measured by the modified ASTM F3094 / IEC 6131-1 protocol. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of the above. The first to sixth shielding means according to any one of claims 1 to 40, which reduces radiation exposure by at least 85% as measured by the modified ASTM F3094 / IEC 6131-1 protocol. Radiation shield assembly. Claim that at least one of the first to sixth shielding means reduces radiation exposure to less than 2.5 mR / hr as measured by the modified ASTM F3094 / IEC 6131-1 protocol. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of 1 to 41. Any one of claims 1 to 42, wherein the first to sixth shielding means reduce radiation exposure to less than 2.5 mR / hr as measured by the modified ASTM F3094 / IEC 6131-1 protocol. Radiation shield assembly as described in section. Claim that at least one of the first to sixth shielding means reduces radiation exposure to about 2.5 mR / hr as measured by the modified ASTM F3094 / IEC 6131-1 protocol. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of 1 to 43. Any one of claims 1 to 44, wherein the first to sixth shielding means reduce radiation exposure to about 2.5 mR / hr as measured by the modified ASTM F3094 / IEC 6131-1 protocol. Radiation shield assembly as described in section. A flexible radiation opaque member arranged to cover at least partially the appendage opening and configured to allow a human appendage to pass through the appendage opening. The radiation blocking assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 45. A flexible radiation opaque member arranged to cover at least partially the appendage opening and configured to allow a human appendage to pass through the appendage opening. The radiation shield set according to any one of claims 1 to 46, wherein the flexible radiation opaque member is selected from the group consisting of a curtain, a leaf of an iris port, and a sheath. Three-dimensional. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 47, wherein the second shielding means and the fourth shielding means are configured to translate integrally along the supporting means. The invention according to any one of claims 1 to 48, which has means for raising and lowering at least one of the first shielding means and the third shielding means along the supporting means. Radiation shield assembly. The radiation shield according to any one of claims 1 to 49, which has means for raising and lowering the first shielding means and the second shielding means independently of each other along the supporting means. Assembly. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 50, which has means for raising and lowering the first shielding means and the second shielding means along the supporting means. The means for raising and lowering is selected from the group consisting of an auxiliary mechanism, a counterweight system, an electric motor, a hydraulic system, a pneumatic system, and a manual system, according to any one of claims 1 to 51. The radiation shield assembly described. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 52, wherein the support means has a mast supported by a floor stand. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 53, wherein the support means is a mast suspended by an overhead boom. The one according to any one of claims 1 to 54, wherein the supporting means is a mast suspended by an overhead boom, and the mast can rotate about a longitudinal axis of the overhead boom. Radiation shield assembly. The radiation shield set according to any one of claims 1 to 55, wherein the supporting means is a mast suspended by an overhead boom, and the mast can be pivoted with respect to the overhead boom. Solid. The provision of any one of claims 1 to 56, wherein the supporting means is a mast suspended by an overhead boom, wherein the mast can translate along the longitudinal axis of the overhead boom. Radiation shield assembly. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 57, wherein the supporting means is a mast suspended by an overhead boom, wherein the overhead boom is supported by a second mast. The support means is a mast suspended by an overhead boom, the overhead boom is supported by a second mast, the second mast is supported by a wall or ceiling mount rail, and the second The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 58, wherein the mast can move in parallel along the wall mounting rail or the ceiling mounting rail. The support means is a mast suspended by an overhead boom, the overhead boom is supported by a second mast, and the second mast is supported by a wall-mounted rocking arm or a ceiling-mounted rocking rail. , The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 59. The support means is a mast suspended by an overhead boom, the overhead boom is supported by a second mast, the second mast is supported by a swing arm, and the swing arm is further walled. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 60, which is supported by an installation rail or a ceiling installation rail, and the swing arm can move in parallel along the wall installation rail or the ceiling installation rail. Solid. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 61, wherein at least one of the first to sixth shielding means is transparent to visible light. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 62, wherein the first to sixth shielding means are transparent to visible light. The radiation shielding assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 63, wherein the supporting means has a support arm constructed to support at least most of the weight of the radiation shielding assembly. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 64, wherein the first shielding means is a first substantially flat vertical shield. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 65, wherein the third shielding means is a first substantially horizontal shield. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 66, wherein the second shielding means is a second substantially flat vertical shield. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 67, wherein the fourth shielding means is a second substantially horizontal shield. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 68, wherein the fifth shielding means is a substantially flat vertical lower shield. (A) The first shielding means is a first substantially flat vertical shield;
(B) The third shielding means is the first substantially horizontal shield;
(C) The second shielding means is a second substantially flat vertical shield;
(D) The fourth shielding means is a second substantially horizontal shield;
(E) The fifth shielding means is a substantially flat vertical lower shield.
The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 69. A radiation shield assembly configured to block radiation emitted from a radiation source, wherein the radiation shield assembly is:
(A) With a support arm constructed to support at least most of the weight of the radiation shield assembly, wherein the support arm has a longitudinal axis;
(B) A first generally flat vertical shield secured to said support arm with an opening near the lower end, sized to allow the human appendage to enter. When;
(C) A second movably and rotatably connected to the support arm in order to rotate about an axis substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the support arm and to translate along the axis. With 2 substantially flat vertical shields,
The first vertical shield, the first horizontal shield, the second vertical shield, the second horizontal shield, and the vertical lower shield are all radiation opaque;
The radiation shield assembly further comprises a sterile coating on at least one of the first vertical shield and the second vertical shield.
Radiation shield assembly. It is connected to the first vertical shield for parallel movement and rotation with the first vertical shield, and is arranged to block radiation emitted from the opening in the first vertical shield. The radiation shield assembly according to claim 71, which has a first substantially horizontal shield. It is connected to the first vertical shield for parallel movement and rotation with the first vertical shield, and is arranged to block radiation emitted from the opening in the first vertical shield. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 71 to 72, comprising a first substantially horizontal shield; and a third sterile coating on the first substantially horizontal shield. .. 23. The invention of any one of claims 71-73, comprising a second substantially horizontal shield connected to the second vertical shield for parallel movement and rotation with the second vertical shield. Radiation shield assembly. With a second substantially horizontal shield connected to the second vertical shield for parallel movement and rotation with the second vertical shield; a fourth above the second substantially horizontal shield. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 71 to 73, comprising a sterile coating. The lower shield having a substantially flat vertical lower shield connected to the second horizontal shield for parallel movement and rotation with the second horizontal shield and the second vertical shield. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 71 to 75, wherein is substantially perpendicular to the second vertical shield and the second horizontal shield. A substantially flat vertical lower shield connected to the second horizontal shield for parallel movement and rotation with the second horizontal shield and the second vertical shield, the lower shield. With a substantially flat vertical lower shield that is substantially perpendicular to the second vertical shield and the second horizontal shield; a fifth above the substantially flat vertical lower shield. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 71 to 75, comprising a sterile coating. It has a third substantially vertical shield for blocking radiation from the radiation source in a substantially vertical plane that is substantially parallel to the generally flat vertical shield, wherein the third substantially vertical shield is said to be the first. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 71 to 77, which is fixed to the shielding means of 1. A third substantially vertical shield for blocking radiation from the radiation source in a substantially vertical plane that is substantially parallel to the substantially flat vertical shield and fixed to the first shielding means. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 71 to 77, comprising a third substantially vertical shield and a sixth sterile coating on the third substantially vertical shield. .. It has a sixth shielding means for blocking radiation from the radiation source in a fourth substantially vertical plane that is substantially parallel to the first substantially vertical plane, and the sixth shielding means is said to be said. The third substantially vertical shield secured to the first shielding means: a group consisting of a substantially flat solid shield, a flexible drape, and an extension of the first substantially flat vertical shield. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 79, which is selected from. A sixth shielding means for blocking radiation from the radiation source in a fourth substantially vertical plane that is substantially parallel to the first substantially vertical plane, wherein the sixth shielding means is said. A sixth, fixed to a first shielding means, the third substantially vertical shield is selected from the group consisting of a substantially flat solid shield and an extension of the first substantially flat vertical shield. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 80, comprising the shielding means of the above; a sixth sterile coating on the sixth shielding means. A radiation shield assembly configured to block radiation emitted from a radiation source, wherein the radiation shield assembly is:
(A) A support arm constructed to support at least most of the weight of the radiation shield assembly, with a support arm having a longitudinal axis;
(B) With a first substantially flat vertical shield secured to the support arm via a first radiodensity opaque joint;
(C) The support arm via a second radiation impermeable joint in order to rotate about an axis substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the support arm and to translate along the axis. With a second substantially flat vertical shield connected in parallel and rotatably;
(D) A radiation shield assembly having a sterile coating on at least one of the first and second substantially flat vertical shields. It has a substantially flat vertical lower shield connected to the second substantially flat vertical shield for parallel movement and rotation with the second vertical shield, wherein the lower shield is the second. 82. The radiation shield assembly according to claim 82, which is substantially perpendicular to the vertical shield and the second horizontal shield. A substantially flat vertical lower shield connected to the second substantially flat vertical shield for parallel movement and rotation with the second vertical shield, wherein the lower shield is the second. A substantially flat vertical inferior shield that is substantially perpendicular to the vertical shield and the second horizontal shield; and a fifth sterile coating on top of the approximately flat vertical inferior shield. The radiation shield assembly according to claim 82. A system for shielding the user from the X-ray projection device while the user treats a patient lying above the X-ray projection device installed at the bottom, wherein the system is:
(A) With a platform constructed to support the patient, having a longitudinal axis and a lateral axis;
(B) With the X-ray projection device arranged below the table;
(C) With an image intensifier arranged above the table for receiving X-rays projected from the X-ray projection device;
(D) With a radiation opaque curtain shield extending downward from the table at least on the first side of the table;
(E) A radiation shield assembly, wherein the radiation shield assembly is:
(I) A support arm constructed to support the weight of the radiation shield assembly having a substantially vertical longitudinal axis;
(Ii) A first shield assembly fixed to the support arm.
(A) A first substantially flat vertical shield located near the first side of the pedestal and substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the pedestal; and
(B) An opening in the first vertical shield placed above the table to allow the patient's arm to pass through the opening.
First shield assembly with
(Iii) To the support arm to allow the second shield assembly to rotate and move in parallel about and along the axis that is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the support arm. A second shield assembly rotatably and movably fixed, with a second substantially flat vertical shield located above the table; and (iv. ) With a radiation shield assembly having at least one of a first sterile coating on top of the first shield assembly and a second sterile coating on top of the second shield assembly;
Have,
The second vertical shield can be rotated about its axis so that it is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the platform or substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the platform.
system. 85. system. The first shield assembly has a first substantially horizontal shield located above the opening to block radiation radiated through the opening; the system is said to be said. 85. The system of claim 85, comprising a third sterile coating on a first substantially horizontal shield. The second aspect of any one of claims 85-87, wherein the second shield assembly is connected to the second vertical shield and has a second substantially horizontal shield located above the pedestal. System. The second shield assembly has a second substantially horizontal shield connected to the second vertical shield and located above the pedestal; the system comprises the second substantially horizontal shield. The system according to any one of claims 85 to 87, comprising a fourth sterile coating on top of. 25. The second aspect of claim 85-89, wherein the second shield assembly has a substantially flat vertical lower shield extending from the second horizontal shield to the bottom of the pedestal. system. The second shield assembly has a substantially flat vertical lower shield extending from the second horizontal shield to the bottom of the platform; the system has the substantially flat vertical lower shield. The system according to any one of claims 85 to 89, comprising a fifth sterile cover over the top. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 70 to 90, wherein the first and second substantially flat vertical shields are configured to rotate relative to each other over an arc of at least about 90 °. Or the system. The radiation shield set according to any one of claims 70 to 92, wherein the first and second substantially flat vertical shields are configured to rotate relative to each other over an arc of up to about 180 °. Solid or system. The radiation according to any one of claims 70 to 93, wherein the first and second substantially flat vertical shields are configured to rotate relative to each other over an arc of about 0 ° to 180 °. Shield assembly or system. The radiation shield assembly or system according to any one of claims 70 to 94, wherein the support arm has a substantially vertical mast. The radiation shield assembly or system according to any one of claims 70 to 95, wherein the support arm can support almost the entire weight of the radiation shield assembly. The radiation shield assembly or system according to any one of claims 70 to 96, wherein the support arm can support the entire weight of the radiation shield assembly. The radiation shield assembly or system according to any one of claims 70 to 97, wherein the support means supports the entire weight of the radiation shield assembly during operation. The radiation shield assembly or system according to any one of claims 70 to 98, wherein the first substantially flat vertical shield is configured to translate vertically. The radiation shield set according to any one of claims 70 to 99, wherein the first substantially flat vertical shield and the first substantially horizontal shield are integrally vertically translated. Solid or system. The radiation shield assembly or system according to any one of claims 70 to 100, wherein the first substantially flat vertical shield is configured to translate along the support arm. The invention according to any one of claims 70 to 101, wherein the first substantially flat vertical shield and the first substantially horizontal shield are configured to translate integrally along the support arm. Radiation shield assembly or system. The first substantially flat vertical shield is configured to translate along the substantially vertical axis, thereby the top edge of the first substantially flat vertical shield in a first position. The radiation shield assembly or system according to any one of claims 70 to 102, wherein is above the floor to at least approximately adult height. The first substantially flat vertical shield is configured to translate along a substantially vertical axis, thereby causing the top edge of the first substantially flat vertical shield to move in a first position. The radiation shield assembly or system according to any one of claims 70 to 103, which is at least about 2 m above the floor. Any of claims 70-104, wherein the first generally flat vertical shield has a height that is at least an approximate distance from the upper surface of the operating table to the full height of an average human. The radiation shield assembly or system according to paragraph 1. When the operating table is on the floor, the height of the first substantially flat vertical shield is at least an approximate distance from the upper surface of the operating table to a height of 2 m from the floor. The radiation shield assembly or system according to any one of claims 70 to 105. The radiation shield assembly or system according to any one of claims 70 to 106, wherein at least one of the shields has a lead equivalent of at least 0.5 mm of radiation impermeable. The radiation shield assembly or system according to any one of claims 70 to 107, wherein all of the shields have a lead equivalent of at least 0.5 mm of radiation impermeable. The radiation shield assembly or system according to any one of claims 70 to 108, wherein at least one of the shields has a lead equivalent of at least 1 mm of radiation impermeable. The radiation shield assembly or system according to any one of claims 70 to 109, wherein all of the shields have a lead equivalent of at least 1 mm of radiation impermeable. The radiation shield assembly or system according to any one of claims 70 to 110, wherein at least one of the shields has a lead equivalent of at least 1.5 mm of radiation impermeable. The radiation shield assembly or system according to any one of claims 70 to 111, wherein all of the shields have a lead equivalent of at least 1.5 mm of radiation impermeable. The radiation shield assembly or system according to any one of claims 70 to 112, wherein at least one of the shields has a lead equivalent of at least 2 mm of radiation impermeable. The radiation shield assembly or system according to any one of claims 70 to 113, wherein all of the shields have a lead equivalent of at least 2 mm of radiation impermeable. The radiation shield assembly or system according to any one of claims 70 to 114, wherein at least one of the shields has a lead equivalent of at least 3 mm of radiation impermeable. The radiation shield assembly or system according to any one of claims 70 to 115, wherein all of the shields have a lead equivalent of at least 3 mm of radiation impermeable. The radiation shield assembly or system according to any one of claims 70 to 116, wherein at least one of the shields has a lead equivalent of at least 3.3 mm of radiation impermeable. The radiation shield assembly or system according to any one of claims 70 to 117, wherein all of the shields have a lead equivalent of at least 3.3 mm of radiation impermeable. The radiation according to any one of claims 70 to 118, wherein at least one of the shields reduces radiation exposure by at least 85% as measured by the modified ASTM F3094 / IEC 6131-1 protocol. Shield assembly or system. The radiation shield assembly or system according to any one of claims 70 to 119, wherein all of the shields reduce radiation exposure by at least 85% as measured by the modified ASTM F3094 / IEC 6131-1 protocol. .. Any one of claims 70-120, wherein at least one of the shields reduces radiation exposure to less than 2.5 mR / hr as measured by the modified ASTM F3094 / IEC 6131-1 protocol. Radiation shield assembly or system as described in. The radiation shield according to any one of claims 70 to 121, wherein all of the shields reduce radiation exposure to less than 2.5 mR / hr as measured by the modified ASTM F3094 / IEC 6131-1 protocol. Assembly or system. Any one of claims 70 to 122, wherein at least one of the shields reduces radiation exposure to about 2.5 mR / hr as measured by the modified ASTM F3094 / IEC 6131-1 protocol. Radiation shield assembly or system as described in. The radiation shield according to any one of claims 70 to 123, wherein all of the shields reduce radiation exposure to about 2.5 mR / hr as measured by the modified ASTM F3094 / IEC 6131-1 protocol. Assembly or system. The invention according to any one of claims 70 to 124, wherein the second substantially flat vertical shield and the second substantially horizontal shield are configured to translate integrally along the support arm. Radiation shield assembly or system. A flexible radiation-impermeable member arranged to cover at least a portion of the appendage opening and configured to allow a human appendage to pass through the appendage opening. The radiation shield assembly or system according to any one of claims 70 to 125. A flexible radiation-impermeable member arranged to cover at least a portion of the appendage opening and configured to allow a human appendage to pass through the appendage opening. The radiation shield according to any one of claims 70 to 126, wherein the flexible radiodensity member is selected from the group consisting of a curtain, a leaf of an iris port, and a sheath. Assembly or system. 13. The radiation shield assembly or system according to paragraph 1. A means for raising and lowering at least one of the first substantially flat vertical shield and the first substantially horizontal shield along the support arm, for raising and lowering. The radiation shield assembly according to any one of claims 70 to 128, wherein the means is selected from the group consisting of an auxiliary mechanism, a counterweight system, an electric motor, a hydraulic system, a pneumatic system, and a manual system. system. The radiation shield assembly or system according to any one of claims 70 to 129, wherein the support arm has a mast supported by a floor stand. The radiation shield assembly or system according to any one of claims 70 to 130, wherein the support arm is a mast suspended by an overhead boom. The aspect according to any one of claims 70 to 131, wherein the support arm is a mast suspended by an overhead boom, and the mast can rotate about a longitudinal axis of the overhead boom. Radiation shield assembly or system. The radiation shield assembly or system according to any one of claims 70 to 132, wherein the support arm is a mast suspended by an overhead boom and the overhead boom is supported by a second mast. .. The support arm is a mast suspended by an overhead boom, the overhead boom is supported by a second mast, the second mast is supported by a wall or ceiling mount rail, and the second The radiation shield assembly or system according to any one of claims 70 to 133, wherein the mast can move in parallel along the wall mount rail or the ceiling mount rail. The support arm is a mast suspended by an overhead boom, and the second mast is supported by a wall-mounted swing arm or a ceiling-mounted swing rail, according to any one of claims 70 to 134. The radiation shield assembly or system described. The support arm is a mast suspended by an overhead boom, the second mast is supported by a swing arm, the swing arm is further supported by a wall mount rail or a ceiling mount rail, and the swing. The radiation shield assembly or system according to any one of claims 70 to 135, wherein the arm can translate along the wall-mounted or ceiling-mounted rail. The radiation shield assembly or system according to any one of claims 70 to 136, wherein at least one of the shields is transparent to visible light. The radiation shield assembly or system according to any one of claims 70 to 137, wherein all of the shields are transparent to visible light. It is a radiography method, and the above method is:
(A) The step of disposing the radiation shield assembly or system according to any one of claims 1 to 138 between the patient and the user, whereby the appendage of the patient is placed in the radiation shield assembly. Extending through the appendage opening of the step and;
(B) With the step of inserting the medical device into the vascular structure of the appendage;
(C) For the patient using a radiation generator arranged so that the radiation at least partially passes through the patient while preventing the radiation from reaching the user by the radiation shield assembly. A method, including the step of irradiating with radiation.

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