JP2022191512A - Battery transport container - Google Patents

Battery transport container Download PDF

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JP2022191512A
JP2022191512A JP2022172564A JP2022172564A JP2022191512A JP 2022191512 A JP2022191512 A JP 2022191512A JP 2022172564 A JP2022172564 A JP 2022172564A JP 2022172564 A JP2022172564 A JP 2022172564A JP 2022191512 A JP2022191512 A JP 2022191512A
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battery
negative electrode
positive electrode
container
aqueous solution
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JP7403932B2 (en
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智紀 谷内
Tomonori Yanai
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Daihatsu Motor Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells

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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce the amount of waste fluid generated when transporting a battery to be recycled or scrapped.
SOLUTION: A battery transport container 5 is constructed which can house a battery 1 in which a positive electrode 12 and a negative electrode 12 project from an upper portion of a battery main body 11 while reversing it upside down, and in such a state, can conduct the positive electrode 12 and the negative electrode 12 by filling the container with a water solution 4 containing an electrolyte by an amount that the positive electrode 12 and the negative electrode 12 are immersed. The positive electrode 12 and the negative electrode 12 which are reversed upside down exist in a lower side in the battery transport container 5. By filling the battery transport container 5 with the water solution 4 in a small amount, the positive electrode 12 and the negative electrode 12 can be immersed in the water solution 4, and can be conducted. Since the water solution 4 filling the container at the time of transport may be the minimum required amount, the amount of waste liquid generated is reduced.
SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5
COPYRIGHT: (C)2023,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、リサイクルまたは廃却対象となった電池の輸送に関する。 The present invention relates to transportation of batteries intended for recycling or disposal.

ハイブリッド車両や電気自動車等に搭載する二次電池として、リチウムイオン電池やニッケル水素電池等が使用されている。車両用二次電池は、複数個の電池セルを直列接続してスタックとしたものである。各電池セルからは、電極である正極及び負極が上方に突出している。複数個のセルをスタック化するにあたっては、あるセルの正極と、このセルに隣接するセルの負極とをバスバーにより接続する（例えば、下記特許文献を参照）。さらに、大容量化のために、複数個のスタックを並列接続してユニット化することもある。 Lithium-ion batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, and the like are used as secondary batteries to be mounted on hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles, and the like. A secondary battery for a vehicle is formed by connecting a plurality of battery cells in series to form a stack. A positive electrode and a negative electrode, which are electrodes, protrude upward from each battery cell. When stacking a plurality of cells, the positive electrode of a certain cell and the negative electrode of an adjacent cell are connected by a bus bar (see, for example, the following patent documents). Furthermore, in order to increase capacity, a plurality of stacks may be connected in parallel to form a unit.

特開２０１８－１４２５０４号公報JP 2018-142504 A

この種の二次電池が使用済みとなり、リサイクルまたは廃却対象となったそれを輸送する際には、国連危険物輸送勧告やその他の法規に則った安全対策を施すことが要求される。即ち、強固で頑丈な外装容器、特に国連規格容器に二次電池を収容した上、その容器内を電解質を含む水溶液、典型的には食塩水で満たし、各電池セルの正極と負極とを導通させて放電を促すことが行われる。 When this type of secondary battery has been used and is subject to recycling or disposal, it is required to take safety measures in accordance with the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods and other laws and regulations. That is, a secondary battery is housed in a strong and sturdy exterior container, particularly a UN standard container, and the inside of the container is filled with an aqueous solution containing an electrolyte, typically saline solution, and the positive electrode and negative electrode of each battery cell are electrically connected. to encourage discharge.

この種の二次電池の電圧は高いことから、輸送中の放電に伴い電極の銅が水溶液中に溶出する。結果として、適正な処理が必要な廃液が大量に発生するということになる。 Since the voltage of this type of secondary battery is high, the copper of the electrode is eluted into the aqueous solution as the battery discharges during transportation. As a result, a large amount of liquid waste is generated that requires proper treatment.

本発明は、以上の問題に初めて着目してなされたものであり、リサイクルまたは廃却対象の電池の輸送の際に発生する廃液の量をできる限り減少させることを所期の目的とする。 The present invention has been made for the first time by paying attention to the above problems, and an intended object thereof is to reduce the amount of waste liquid generated during transportation of batteries to be recycled or discarded as much as possible.

本発明では、正極及び負極が電池本体の上方部位から突出する電池を天地逆さにして収容可能であり、かつその状態で電解質を含む水溶液を正極及び負極が浸る量充填して正極と負極とを導通させることが可能な電池輸送容器を構成した。 In the present invention, a battery in which the positive electrode and the negative electrode protrude from the upper portion of the battery body can be accommodated upside down, and in that state, an aqueous solution containing an electrolyte is filled in such a quantity that the positive electrode and the negative electrode are immersed, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode are separated. A battery shipping container that can be made conductive was constructed.

本発明によれば、リサイクルまたは廃却対象の電池の輸送の際に発生する廃液の量を減少させることができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the amount of waste liquid generated during transportation of batteries to be recycled or discarded.

本発明と関連を有する参考例の電池及びこれに設けた水溶液収容体を示す斜視図。FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a battery of a reference example related to the present invention and an aqueous solution container provided therein. 同参考例の電池及び水溶液収容体を示す断面図。Sectional drawing which shows the battery and aqueous solution container of the same reference example. 同参考例の変形の一を示す斜視図。The perspective view which shows the modification 1 of the same reference example. 同参考例の変形の一を示す断面図。Sectional drawing which shows the modification 1 of the same reference example. 本発明の一実施形態の電池及び電池輸送容器を示す断面図。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Sectional drawing which shows the battery and battery transportation container of one Embodiment of this invention.

はじめに、本発明と関連を有する参考例を説明する。図１及び図２に示す電池は、ハイブリッド車両や電気自動車等に搭載される二次電池である。この電池は、電池本体１１と、電池本体１１の上方部位から突出する正極１２及び負極１２と、それら正極１２及び負極１２を囲繞する周壁２１を有した水溶液収容体２とを具備する。 First, reference examples related to the present invention will be described. The batteries shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 are secondary batteries mounted in hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles, and the like. This battery comprises a battery body 11 , a positive electrode 12 and a negative electrode 12 protruding from an upper portion of the battery body 11 , and an aqueous solution container 2 having a peripheral wall 21 surrounding the positive electrode 12 and the negative electrode 12 .

電池は、複数個の電池セル１を直列接続してスタックとしたものである。各セル１は、例えばリチウムイオン電池やニッケル水素電池等であり、板状の外形をなすセル本体１１の上縁から電極である正極１２及び負極１２が上方に突き出しているものである。各電池セル１のセル本体１１の集合が、電池本体となる。 The battery is a stack of a plurality of battery cells 1 connected in series. Each cell 1 is, for example, a lithium-ion battery or a nickel-metal hydride battery, and has a plate-shaped cell body 11 with a positive electrode 12 and a negative electrode 12 protruding upward from the upper edge of the cell body 11 . A set of cell bodies 11 of each battery cell 1 constitutes a battery body.

互いに隣接するセル１同士の間では、正極１２及び負極１２の配置が入れ違いになっている。つまり、あるセル１の正極１２が左方に、負極１２が右方にある場合、その後方に隣接するセル１の正極１２は右方、負極１２は左方にあり、さらにその後方に隣接するセル１の正極１２は左方、負極１２は右方にある、というように、各セル１を配列している。その上で、セル１の正極１２をその後方に隣接するセル１の負極１２にバスバー１３を介して接続し、かつ同セル１の負極１２をその前方に隣接するセル１の正極１２にバスバー１３を介して接続することで、複数個のセル１を直列接続する。なお、図示例では一個のスタックを描画しているが、電池の大容量化を目的として複数個のスタックを並列接続することもあり得る。 Between the cells 1 adjacent to each other, the arrangement of the positive electrode 12 and the negative electrode 12 is reversed. That is, if the positive electrode 12 of a given cell 1 is on the left and the negative electrode 12 is on the right, then the adjacent cell 1 behind it has the positive electrode 12 on the right, the negative electrode 12 on the left, and the adjacent cell 1 on the left. Each cell 1 is arranged such that the positive electrode 12 of the cell 1 is on the left and the negative electrode 12 is on the right. Then, the positive electrode 12 of the cell 1 is connected to the negative electrode 12 of the cell 1 adjacent thereto via a busbar 13 , and the negative electrode 12 of the same cell 1 is connected to the positive electrode 12 of the cell 1 adjacent to the front thereof via a busbar 13 . A plurality of cells 1 are connected in series by connecting via. Although one stack is shown in the illustrated example, a plurality of stacks may be connected in parallel for the purpose of increasing the capacity of the battery.

水溶液収容体２は、周壁２１が包囲する内部空間の下縁を底壁２２により閉塞する、皿状または盆状をなす絶縁体である。後述するように、この水溶液収容体２は水溶液４の受け皿として機能する。底壁２２には、各セル１の電極１２を挿通する孔２３を穿ってある。水溶液収容体２は、各電池セル１のセル本体１１を束ねた電池本体の上に載置する。各セル１の電極１２は、水溶液収容体２の底壁２２を下方から貫通し、水溶液収容体２の内部空間に進入する。水溶液収容体２の周壁２１は、それらの電極１２を囲繞する。周壁２１は、各電池セル１のセル本体１１の上縁より起立し、その上端が電極１２よりも高位置にある。だが、周壁２１の高さ寸法は、せいぜい電極１２の高さ寸法を超える程度であり、電池本体１１の下縁から正極１２及び負極１２の上端までの距離と比較して顕著に小さい。 The aqueous solution container 2 is a plate-like or tray-like insulator with a bottom wall 22 blocking the lower edge of the inner space surrounded by the peripheral wall 21 . As will be described later, this aqueous solution container 2 functions as a receiver for the aqueous solution 4 . The bottom wall 22 has a hole 23 through which the electrode 12 of each cell 1 is inserted. The aqueous solution container 2 is placed on the battery body in which the cell bodies 11 of the battery cells 1 are bundled. The electrode 12 of each cell 1 penetrates the bottom wall 22 of the aqueous solution container 2 from below and enters the inner space of the aqueous solution container 2 . A peripheral wall 21 of the aqueous solution container 2 surrounds those electrodes 12 . The peripheral wall 21 rises from the upper edge of the cell body 11 of each battery cell 1 and its upper end is located higher than the electrode 12 . However, the height dimension of the peripheral wall 21 exceeds the height dimension of the electrode 12 at most, and is significantly smaller than the distance from the lower edge of the battery body 11 to the upper ends of the positive electrode 12 and the negative electrode 12 .

水溶液収容体２は、原則として、車両等に搭載され運用される電池製品に予め設けておく。即ち、図１及び図２に示しているように、複数個の電池セル１からなる電池を包装するケース３内に、予め水溶液収容体２を配置しておく。但し、この水溶液収容体２を、使用済みとなりリサイクルまたは廃却対象となった電池に後付けすることを妨げるものではない。水溶液収容体２の底壁２２の挿通孔２３と各セル１の電極１２との間隙は、水が漏れないようシールする。運用時、電池及び水溶液収容体２は、ケース３内に収まった状態で当該ケース３とともに車両に搭載される。なお、図示を省略しているが、ケース３には、車両の電装系のワイヤハーネスと接続するためのコネクタ（図示せず）等を表出させて設けてある。 In principle, the aqueous solution container 2 is provided in advance in a battery product that is mounted on a vehicle or the like and operated. That is, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the aqueous solution container 2 is placed in advance in a case 3 for packaging a battery composed of a plurality of battery cells 1 . However, this does not preclude retrofitting the aqueous solution container 2 to a used battery that is to be recycled or discarded. The gap between the insertion hole 23 of the bottom wall 22 of the aqueous solution container 2 and the electrode 12 of each cell 1 is sealed to prevent water leakage. During operation, the battery and the aqueous solution container 2 are installed in the vehicle together with the case 3 while being accommodated in the case 3 . Although not shown, the case 3 is provided with exposed connectors (not shown) for connection with wire harnesses of the electrical system of the vehicle.

電池ケース３の頂板には、これを貫通するメンテナンスハッチ３１を設けておく。メンテナンスハッチ３１は、電池の運用時には蓋３２により閉塞している。そして、電池が使用済みとなり、これをリサイクルまたは廃却するべく輸送する段階となったときに蓋３２を開き、そこから水溶液収容体２内に電解質を含む水溶液４、典型的には食塩水を注入する。水溶液収容体２内に充填した水溶液４は、各電池セル１の正極１２と負極１２とを導通させ、それらセル１の放電を促す。 The top plate of the battery case 3 is provided with a maintenance hatch 31 passing therethrough. The maintenance hatch 31 is closed by a lid 32 during operation of the battery. When the battery has reached the end of its life and is ready to be transported for recycling or disposal, the lid 32 is opened, and the electrolyte-containing aqueous solution 4, typically saline solution, is poured into the aqueous solution container 2 from there. inject. The aqueous solution 4 filled in the aqueous solution container 2 causes the positive electrode 12 and the negative electrode 12 of each battery cell 1 to conduct each other, and promotes discharge of the cells 1 .

既に述べた通り、水溶液収容体２の周壁２１の高さ寸法は小さく、そのために水溶液収容体２の容積も小さい。従って、少ない量の水溶液４を充填することで、電池セル１の電極１２を当該水溶液４に浸らせ、正極１２と負極１２とを導通させることが可能である。電池セル１の放電に伴い、水溶液４には電極１２の銅が溶出するが、輸送時に充填する水溶液４の量が必要最小限でよく、発生する廃液の量が少なく済む。 As already described, the height dimension of the peripheral wall 21 of the aqueous solution container 2 is small, so the volume of the aqueous solution container 2 is also small. Therefore, by filling a small amount of the aqueous solution 4, the electrode 12 of the battery cell 1 is immersed in the aqueous solution 4, and the positive electrode 12 and the negative electrode 12 can be electrically connected. As the battery cell 1 discharges, the copper of the electrode 12 is eluted into the aqueous solution 4, but the amount of the aqueous solution 4 to be filled during transportation can be kept to a necessary minimum, and the amount of waste liquid generated can be reduced.

リサイクルまたは廃却の対象の電池を輸送する際には、当該電池をケース３ごと、さらに別の図示しない電池輸送容器に収容する。電池収容容器は、強固で頑丈な外装容器である。当該電池輸送容器は、国連規格容器であることが好ましい。 When transporting a battery to be recycled or discarded, the battery is housed together with the case 3 in another battery transport container (not shown). A battery container is a strong and sturdy outer container. The battery shipping container is preferably a UN standard container.

図１及び図２に示した電池では、各電池セル１の正極１２及び負極１２がセル本体１１の上縁から上方に突出していたが、図３及び図４に示す電池では、各電池セル１の正極１２及び負極１２がセル本体１１の上方部位における外側縁から左右に突出している。 1 and 2, the positive electrode 12 and the negative electrode 12 of each battery cell 1 protrude upward from the upper edge of the cell body 11, but in the battery shown in FIGS. , the positive electrode 12 and the negative electrode 12 protrude left and right from the outer edge of the upper portion of the cell body 11 .

図３及び図４に示している水溶液収容体２は、周壁２１が包囲する内部空間の下縁を底壁２２により閉塞する、枠状をなす絶縁体である。底壁２２には、各電池セル１のセル本体１１を束ねた電池本体を挿通する開口２４を穿ってある。水溶液収容体２は、電池本体１１の上方部位及び各電極１２を四方から囲繞するように電池本体１１に固定する。水溶液収容体２の底壁２２の開口２４と電池本体１１との間隙は、水が漏れないようシールする。 The aqueous solution container 2 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 is a frame-shaped insulator in which the bottom wall 22 closes the lower edge of the inner space surrounded by the peripheral wall 21 . The bottom wall 22 is provided with an opening 24 through which the battery body in which the cell bodies 11 of the battery cells 1 are bundled is inserted. The aqueous solution container 2 is fixed to the battery body 11 so as to surround the upper portion of the battery body 11 and the electrodes 12 from all sides. The gap between the opening 24 of the bottom wall 22 of the aqueous solution container 2 and the battery body 11 is sealed to prevent water leakage.

各セル１の電極１２は、水溶液収容体２の底壁２２の上方、かつ周壁２１の内側方にあって、周壁２２及び底壁２１が隔てる水溶液収容体２の内部空間に位置する。周壁２１は、それらの電極１２を囲繞する。起立する周壁２１の上端は、電極１２よりも高位置にある。だが、周壁２１の高さ寸法は、せいぜい電極１２の高さ寸法を超える程度であり、電池本体１１の下縁から正極１２及び負極１２の上端までの距離と比較して顕著に小さい。 The electrode 12 of each cell 1 is above the bottom wall 22 of the aqueous solution container 2 and inside the peripheral wall 21 , and is located in the inner space of the aqueous solution container 2 separated by the peripheral wall 22 and the bottom wall 21 . A peripheral wall 21 surrounds those electrodes 12 . The upper end of the standing peripheral wall 21 is positioned higher than the electrode 12 . However, the height dimension of the peripheral wall 21 exceeds the height dimension of the electrode 12 at most, and is significantly smaller than the distance from the lower edge of the battery body 11 to the upper ends of the positive electrode 12 and the negative electrode 12 .

図３及び図４に示す例においても、使用済みとなった電池をリサイクルまたは廃却するべく輸送する段階で、メンテナンスハッチ３１の蓋３２を開き、そこから水溶液収容体２内に電解質を含む水溶液４を注入し、水溶液収容体２内に充填した水溶液４により各電池セル１の正極１２と負極１２とを導通させることは言うまでもない。 In the example shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 as well, at the stage of transporting used batteries for recycling or disposal, the lid 32 of the maintenance hatch 31 is opened, and the aqueous solution containing the electrolyte is poured into the aqueous solution container 2 from there. Needless to say, the positive electrode 12 and the negative electrode 12 of each battery cell 1 are electrically connected by the aqueous solution 4 filled in the aqueous solution container 2 .

以降、本発明の一実施形態を、図面を参照して説明する。図５に示す本実施形態では、正極１２及び負極１２が電池本体１１の上方部位から突出する電池を天地逆さにして収容可能であり、かつその状態で電解質を含む水溶液４を正極１２及び負極１２が浸る量充填して正極１２と負極１２とを導通させることが可能な電池輸送容器５を使用する。この電池輸送容器５は、強固で頑丈な外装容器である。電池輸送容器５は、国連規格容器であることが好ましい。 Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In this embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the battery in which the positive electrode 12 and the negative electrode 12 protrude from the upper portion of the battery body 11 can be accommodated upside down, and in that state, the aqueous solution 4 containing the electrolyte is added to the positive electrode 12 and the negative electrode 12 . A battery transporting container 5 is used in which the positive electrode 12 and the negative electrode 12 can be electrically connected by filling the container 5 in such a manner that the positive electrode 12 and the negative electrode 12 can be electrically connected. This battery transport container 5 is a strong and robust exterior container. The battery transport container 5 is preferably a UN standard container.

電池の基本構成は、水溶液収容体２を具備しない点を除き、図１ないし図４に示したものと同様である。但し、電池ケース３の底板に、空気抜き用の孔３３を穿っておく。 The basic configuration of the battery is the same as that shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, except that the aqueous solution container 2 is not provided. However, the bottom plate of the battery case 3 is provided with an air vent hole 33 .

使用済みとなった電池をリサイクルまたは廃却するべく輸送する段階で、メンテナンスハッチ３１の蓋３２を開き、電池を天地逆さとして電池輸送容器５内に収納する。電池輸送容器５内には、電解質を含む水溶液４を注入しておき、メンテナンスハッチ３１から電池ケース３内に浸入する水溶液４により各電池セル１の正極１２と負極１２とを導通させて、セル１の放電を促す。 At the stage of transporting used batteries for recycling or disposal, the lid 32 of the maintenance hatch 31 is opened and the batteries are placed upside down in the battery transport container 5 . An aqueous solution 4 containing an electrolyte is poured into the battery transport container 5, and the positive electrode 12 and the negative electrode 12 of each battery cell 1 are electrically connected by the aqueous solution 4 that enters the battery case 3 through the maintenance hatch 31, thereby 1 to encourage discharge.

天地逆さまにした電池の正極１２及び負極１２は、電池輸送容器５内で下方に所在する。従って、電池輸送容器５に少ない量の水溶液４を充填することで、正極１２及び負極１２を水溶液４に浸らせ、これらを導通させることが可能である。電池セル１の放電に伴い、水溶液４には電極１２の銅が溶出するが、本実施形態によれば、輸送時に充填する水溶液４の量が必要最小限でよく、発生する廃液の量が少なく済む。 The positive electrode 12 and the negative electrode 12 of the upside down battery are located below in the battery shipping container 5 . Therefore, by filling the battery transportation container 5 with a small amount of the aqueous solution 4, the positive electrode 12 and the negative electrode 12 can be immersed in the aqueous solution 4 and can be electrically connected. As the battery cell 1 discharges, the copper of the electrode 12 is eluted into the aqueous solution 4, but according to this embodiment, the amount of the aqueous solution 4 to be filled during transportation is the minimum necessary, and the amount of waste liquid generated is small. done.

なお、本発明は以上に詳述した実施形態に限られるものではない。各部の具体的な構成は、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々変形が可能である。 The present invention is not limited to the embodiments detailed above. The specific configuration of each part can be modified in various ways without departing from the gist of the present invention.

本発明は、リサイクルまたは廃却対象となった電池の輸送に利用することができる。 INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used to transport batteries that are subject to recycling or disposal.

１…電池セル
１１…セル本体（電池本体）
１２…電極（正極、負極）
３…電池ケース
４…水溶液
５…電池輸送容器 1... Battery cell 11... Cell body (battery body)
12... Electrode (positive electrode, negative electrode)
3... Battery case 4... Aqueous solution 5... Battery transportation container

Claims (1)

正極及び負極が電池本体の上方部位から突出する電池を天地逆さにして収容可能であり、かつその状態で電解質を含む水溶液を正極及び負極が浸る量充填して正極と負極とを導通させることが可能な電池輸送容器。 A battery in which the positive electrode and the negative electrode protrude from the upper part of the battery body can be accommodated upside down, and in that state, an aqueous solution containing an electrolyte is filled in such a quantity that the positive electrode and the negative electrode are immersed, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode are electrically connected. Possible battery shipping container.
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