JP2022156002A - Electric motor - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a motor whose speed can be easily adjusted although an input voltage is constant.SOLUTION: An electric motor 10 includes a rotor 20 having an output shaft provided with a plurality of permanent magnets 21, a stator 30 having a plurality of excitation windings 31 arranged along the rotation circumference of a rotating shaft 23 serving as the output shaft, and a control circuit for controlling excitation current to be supplied to the excitation windings 31. The control circuit includes an excitation sensor unit 41 that detects a period for which a magnetic pole is generated in the excitation windings 31 and outputs a magnetic pole detection signal, and an excitation current circuit that controls the energization direction to the excitation windings 31 based on the magnetic pole detection signal from the excitation sensor section 41. The timing of the magnetic pole detection signal by the excitation sensor unit 41 is changed by changing the rotational position with respect to a rotary plate 413, which enables a function as speed adjusting means.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to an electric motor having a rotor made of permanent magnets and a stator made of windings.

The inventor has proposed a rotary electric machine described in Patent Document 1 as an electric motor that rotates a rotor formed of permanent magnets by magnetism from windings as a stator.

The rotating electric machine described in Patent Document 1 includes a rotor in which permanent magnets rotate, a first winding arranged with the axis directed to the permanent magnet, and a second winding arranged coaxially with the first winding. , a control circuit for applying a current to the first winding, which is opposed to one of the magnetic poles of the permanent magnet, to generate a magnetic field having the same polarity as the one magnetic pole, and a rotating circuit for adjusting the current from the second winding. and a speed adjustment section, and the control circuit causes the excitation circuit section to energize the first winding when the sensor section detects one of the magnetic poles.

Japanese Patent No. 5920905 JP-A-7-23556

However, with the rotary electric machine described in Patent Document 1, if it is attempted to control the number of revolutions, it must be adjusted by varying the input voltage. Also, in variable speed drills, etc., the input voltage from the battery is constant, so it is necessary to add complex circuits such as boosting with a DC-DC converter and phase control after converting to AC with an inverter. is.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a motor whose speed can be easily adjusted while the input voltage is constant.

The electric motor of the present invention comprises: a rotor having a plurality of permanent magnets provided on an output shaft; a stator having a plurality of excitation windings arranged along the rotation circumference of the output shaft; a control circuit for controlling an excitation current to the wire, the control circuit comprising an excitation sensor unit for detecting a period for generating a magnetic pole in the excitation winding and outputting a magnetic pole detection signal; an excitation current circuit for controlling the direction of current flow to the excitation winding based on the magnetic pole detection signal from the excitation sensor section; and speed adjustment means for changing the timing of the magnetic pole detection signal from the excitation sensor section. characterized by

According to the electric motor of the present invention, the speed adjustment means changes the timing of the magnetic pole detection signal by the excitation sensor section, so that the permanent magnet of the rotor is excited before reaching the position of the excitation winding of the stator. The current can be passed through the excitation windings, or the excitation current can be passed through the excitation windings after it has been reached. The rotation speed can be changed by changing the timing of the magnetic pole detection signal.

The excitation sensor section has an identification section formed along the circumference to indicate the occurrence of one magnetic pole or the other magnetic pole. a sensor section for outputting a magnetic pole detection signal that instructs the generation of the magnetic pole or the other magnetic pole, and the excitation current circuit supplies the excitation winding with one magnetic pole or the other magnetic pole based on the magnetic pole detection signal from the sensor section. outputting an excitation current for generating a magnetic pole to the excitation winding;
The speed adjusting means may be formed by a mechanism that can change the detection position of the rotating plate at the identifying portion by the sensor portion.

The speed adjusting means can easily change the timing of outputting the magnetic pole detection signal by using a mechanism that can change the detection position of the rotary plate in the identifying portion of the rotating plate by the sensor portion.

A power generation winding for generating power by a magnetic field generated by the rotation of the rotor may be provided, and a rotational speed adjustment section for adjusting current from the power generation winding may be connected.
Electric power can be generated by the power generation winding, and the number of rotations of the permanent magnet can be adjusted according to the current flowing through the rotation speed adjustment section.

The power generation includes power generation windings that generate power by the magnetic field generated by the rotation of the rotor, and adjusts the output from the power generation windings during a period that includes part or all of the non-excitation period from the excitation windings. An adjustment circuit may be provided to adjust the output from the winding.

The adjustment circuit may include a short-circuiting section that short-circuits the output from the power generation winding or a consumption section that consumes the output from the power generation winding during a period including part or all of a non-excitation period from the excitation winding. .

An even number of pairs of the rotor and the excitation windings are arranged along the output shaft, and the cores are arranged at axial positions of the two excitation windings arranged in the axial direction of the output shaft. can be provided with a yoke that connects the

According to the present invention, since the rotation speed can be changed by changing the timing of the magnetic pole detection signal, the speed can be easily adjusted while the input voltage is constant.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a perspective view which shows the electric motor which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. 2 is a circuit diagram showing a control circuit of the electric motor shown in FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining rotation of an excitation sensor unit in the electric motor shown in FIG. 2; FIG. (A) to (E) are diagrams showing rotational positions of the excitation sensor unit from -5° to +15°. FIG. 4B to FIG. 4E is a table showing the results of rotating the rotating plate of the sensor unit for excitation shown in FIG. (B) is for a torque of 0.4 N/m, and (C) is for a torque of 0.5 N/m. FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram for electronically adjusting the rotation speed of the electric motor shown in FIG. 1 ; FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing an electric motor according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention; FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining a rotational speed adjustment unit of the electric motor shown in FIG. 7; FIG. 9 is a table for explaining the relationship between the generated voltage and generated current of the power generation windings and the number of revolutions when the excitation current of the motor shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 is changed; FIG. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a motor adjustment circuit according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention; FIG. 11 is a perspective view for explaining the arrangement of an adjustment sensor section of the adjustment circuit shown in FIG. 10; 12 is a waveform diagram for explaining the timing of an adjustment instruction signal output by the adjustment sensor section shown in FIG. 11; FIG. (A) is a list showing the number of rotations when the excitation start angle of the motor is changed, and (B) is a state in which the output of the generator winding is adjusted during the non-excitation period by the adjustment circuit, and the excitation of the motor is started. FIG. 11C is a table showing the number of revolutions when the angle is changed, and (C) is a table showing the number of revolutions when the excitation start angle of the motor is changed while the output of the generator winding is short-circuited. FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing an electric motor according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention; 14A and 14B are perspective views for explaining magnetic paths of the electric motor shown in FIG. 13; FIG. (A) and (B) are perspective views for explaining magnetic paths of an electric motor according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

(Embodiment 1)
An electric motor according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
The electric motor 10 shown in FIG. 1 has a rotor 20 and a stator 30 .
The rotor 20 includes permanent magnets 21 and a rotor main body 22 that holds the permanent magnets 21 .

The permanent magnets 21 (the first magnets 21a to the fourth magnets 21d) have one magnetic pole (for example, N pole) centered on the axis X1 of the rotor 20 and the other magnetic pole opposite to the one magnetic pole. (for example, south pole) are arranged in the diametrical direction alternately every 90 degrees. The permanent magnet 21 is formed by stacking magnets in multiple stages, the diameter of which decreases outward from the center of rotation. A neodymium magnet having a stronger magnetic force than other magnets can be used as the permanent magnet 21 .
The rotor main body 22 has a rotary shaft 23 (output shaft) formed at the axial position, and is rotatably held by a frame (not shown).

The stator 30 is arranged around the rotor 20 . The stator 30 has the axis X2 directed toward the permanent magnet 21, and the rotor 20 is the center, and four windings (first winding 31a to fourth winding 31d) are arranged at intervals of 90 degrees around the rotor. It has an excitation winding 31 for generating a magnetic field to 20 . The excitation winding 31 is provided on a frame (not shown). Two of the excitation windings 31 (for example, the first winding 31a and the third winding 31c, the second winding 31b and the fourth winding 31d) are paired and have the same polarity. become opposite poles.

In this embodiment, the permanent magnets 21 are arranged around the rotor main body 22, and the stator 30 is arranged therearound. You may make it arrange|position for every rotation angle. For example, when arranging two permanent magnets 21, the permanent magnets 21 are arranged with N pole and S pole every 90 degrees. Also, when arranging six permanent magnets 21, N poles and S poles are arranged alternately every 60 degrees. A control circuit 40 is connected to the excitation winding 31 .

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the control circuit 40 includes an excitation sensor section 41 and an excitation circuit section 42 . Control circuit 40 shown in FIG. It generates an exciting current that has a different polarity from that of

The excitation sensor unit 41 includes a first sensor unit 411 (sensor unit) that detects the position of the N pole of the permanent magnet 21, and a second sensor unit 412 (sensor unit) that detects the position of the S pole of the permanent magnet 21. , and a rotating plate 413 that rotates together with the rotor 20 .
In the excitation sensor section 41, two pairs of a first sensor section 411 and a second sensor section 412 adjacent to the first sensor section 411 in the rotational direction are arranged facing each other with a 180 degree shift.

As shown in FIG. 2, the first sensor section 411 and the second sensor section 412 are formed of a transmissive photointerrupter composed of a light emitting diode and a photodiode.
As shown in FIG. 3 , the first sensor unit 411 and the second sensor unit 412 are attached by a frame (not shown), and the first sensor unit 411 and the second sensor unit 412 are mounted on a rotary plate 413 around the rotation shaft 23 . is formed to be changeable. A mechanism that allows the rotational positions of the first sensor section 411 and the second sensor section 412 to be changed functions as speed adjusting means.

The rotating plate 413 has a transmitting portion 413t that transmits light by forming an arcuate slit along the circumferential direction in the disk main body 413d, and a light blocking portion 413s that blocks light other than the slit. .
The transmission portion 413t functions as an identification portion formed in a range during which the excitation winding 31 generates one magnetic pole or the other magnetic pole, and the light shielding portion 413s covers the remaining period of the transmission portion 413t. , and is formed in the range of the non-excitation period. However, after the first sensor section 411 detects the transmission section 413t and the excitation winding 31 generates one magnetic pole, when the light blocking section 413s is detected, the second sensor section 412 detects the transmission section 413t. Thus, the excitation winding 31 generates the other magnetic pole. Therefore, in the first embodiment, although there is a switching period, the design is such that there is no non-excitation period during which no magnetic field is generated.

In the first embodiment, the excitation winding 31 generates an N pole or an S pole in accordance with the passing permanent magnet 21 every 90°. Then, a 90° transmission portion 413t, a 90° light shielding portion 413s following the transmission portion 413t, a 90° transmission portion 413t, and a 90° light shielding portion 413s are formed. 90 degrees off from the second sensor unit.

Rotating plate 413 is positioned so that excitation winding 31 coincides with first sensor section 411 (permanent magnet 21) of excitation sensor section 41, or where excitation winding 31 coincides with second sensor section 412 (permanent magnet 21). With the coincident position as a reference position of 0°, the rotation angle continuously rotates in the negative direction and the positive direction. Since the detection positions of the portion 413t and the light shielding portion 413s (identification portion) can be shifted, the excitation timing can be shifted.
For example, in FIG. 4A, the angle of the excitation sensor unit 41 is -5°, in FIG. 4B is 0°, and in FIGS. is rotated to +15°.

The positive direction of the rotation angle is the direction detected earlier by the excitation sensor unit 41 before the permanent magnet 21 of the rotor 20 turns to the position of the excitation winding 31 of the stator 30 (Fig. 3). counterclockwise in FIG. 3), and the minus direction is the direction detected later by the excitation sensor unit 41 when the permanent magnet 21 passes the position of the excitation winding 31 (clockwise in FIG. 3).

The excitation circuit section 42 shown in FIG. 2 includes a first sensor section 411 and a second sensor section 412 as a set, and energizes the excitation winding 31 based on the magnetic pole detection signal from the excitation sensor section 41. It controls direction. The excitation circuit section 42 controls the energization direction to the excitation winding 31 by transistors from the first FETs 421a and 421b to the third FETs 423a and 423b.
The first FET 421a and the third FET 423a are n-type FETs. The second FETs 422a and 422b are p-type FETs.

Gate terminals G of the first FETs 421a and 421b are connected to photointerrupters of the first sensor section 411 and the second sensor section through resistors R11 and R12. The source terminals S of the first FETs 421a and 421b are grounded.

The second FETs 422a and 422b have their source terminals S connected to the power supply via diodes D11 and D12, and grounded via capacitors C11 and C12. The gate terminals G of the second FETs 422a and 422b are connected to the drain terminals D of the first FETs 421a and 421b via resistors R21 and R22, and to the source terminals S of the second FETs 422a and 422b via resistors R31 and R32. It is connected. The drain terminals D of the second FETs 422a and 422b are connected to the anode terminals A of the diodes D21 and D22, grounded through the capacitors C11 and C12, and connected to the drain terminals D of the third FETs 423a and 423b.

Gate terminals G of the third FETs 423a and 423b are connected to photointerrupters of the first sensor section 411 and the second sensor section through resistors R41 and R42. Source terminals S of the third FETs 423a and 423b are grounded.
One wiring of the excitation winding 31 is connected to the drain terminal D of the second FET 422a and to the drain terminal D of the third FET 423a.
The other wire of the excitation winding 31 is connected to the drain terminal D of the second FET 422b and to the drain terminal D of the third FET 423b.

The operation and usage condition of the electric motor according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention configured as described above will be described with reference to the drawings. First, the excitation of the first winding 31a and the third winding 31c will be described. It is assumed that power is supplied to the control circuit 40 shown in FIG.

For example, by positioning the N pole of the permanent magnet 21 at the excitation winding 31 , the transmitting portion 413 t of the rotating plate 413 is positioned at the first sensor portion 411 of the excitation sensor portion 41 .
Light from the light emitting diode is transmitted through the transmission portion 413t of the first sensor portion 411, thereby energizing the phototransistor. When the phototransistor is energized, this becomes a magnetic pole detection signal from the first sensor section 411 to the excitation circuit section 42, and the gate terminal of the first FET 421a connected to the first sensor section 411 via the resistors R11 and R41. G and the gate terminal G of the third FET 423a become the first voltage at which the first FET 421a and the third FET 423a are turned on.

Further, when the transmission portion 413t is positioned at the photointerrupter of the first sensor portion 411, the light blocking portion 413s is positioned at the second sensor portion 412, so the second sensor portion 412 is in a non-energized state. Therefore, the gate terminal G of the first FET 421b and the gate terminal G of the third FET 423b, which are connected to the second sensor section 412 via the resistors R12 and R42, are connected to the first voltage at which the first FET 421b and the third FET 423b are turned off. It becomes a second voltage (0 V) which is a lower voltage.

When the first FET 421b is in the off state, the gate terminal G of the second FET 422a connected to the drain terminal D of the first FET 421b through the resistor R21 is connected to the first gate terminal G of the second FET 422a in which the second FET 422a is in the off state by the resistor R31 connected to the power supply Vss. voltage.

When the first FET 421a is on, the resistor R22 is connected to the drain terminal D of the first FET 421a, so the gate terminal G of the second FET 422b is at the second voltage at which the second FET 422b is on.

When the ON state and OFF state of the first FET 421a, 421b to the third FET 423a, 423b are determined in this way, the current from the power supply Vss flows into the source terminal S of the second FET 422b through the diode D12, and the second FET 422b from the drain terminal D to the excitation winding 31 (the first winding 31a and the third winding 31c). Then, a current flows from the opposite side of the first winding 31a and the third winding 31c from the drain terminal D of the third FET 423a to the source terminal S, so that the first winding 31a and the third winding 31c become permanent magnets. 21 generates a magnetic field of the same polarity that repels the north pole.
The magnetic field generated by the first winding 31a and the third winding 31c repels the north pole of the permanent magnet 21, causing the rotor 20 to rotate.

On the other hand, on the S pole side of the permanent magnet 21 , the transmitting portion 413 t of the rotating plate 413 is positioned in the second sensor portion 412 of the excitation sensor portion 41 .
Light from the light-emitting diode is transmitted through the transmission portion 413t of the second sensor portion 412, thereby energizing the phototransistor. When the phototransistor is energized, this becomes a magnetic pole detection signal from the second sensor section 412 to the excitation circuit section 42, and when the phototransistor is energized, the second sensor section 412 receives a magnetic pole detection signal via the resistors R12 and R42. The connected gate terminal G of the first FET 421b and the gate terminal G of the third FET 423b become the first voltage that turns on the first FET 421b and the third FET 423b.

Also, when the transmitting portion 413t is positioned in the second sensor portion 412, the light blocking portion 413s is positioned in the photointerrupter of the first sensor portion 411, so the first sensor portion 411 is in a non-energized state. Therefore, the gate terminal G of the first FET 421a and the gate terminal G of the third FET 423a, which are connected to the first sensor section 411 via the resistors R11 and R41, are connected to the second voltage at which the first FET 421a and the third FET 423a are turned off. becomes.

When the first FET 421a is in the off state, the gate terminal G of the second FET 422b connected to the drain terminal D of the first FET 421a through the resistor R22 is connected to the first gate terminal G of the second FET 422b in which the second FET 422b is in the off state by the resistor R32 connected to the power supply Vss. voltage.

When the first FET 421b is on, the resistor R21 is connected to the drain terminal D of the first FET 421b, so the gate terminal G of the second FET 422a is at the second voltage at which the second FET 422a is on.

When the ON state and OFF state of the first FETs 421a, 421b to the third FETs 423a, 423b are determined in this way, the current from the power supply Vss flows into the source terminal S of the second FET 422a through the diode D11. from the drain terminal D to the excitation winding 31 (the first winding 31a and the third winding 31c). Then, a current flows from the opposite side of the first winding 31a and the third winding 31c from the drain terminal D of the third FET 423b to the source terminal S, so that the first winding 31a and the third winding 31c become permanent magnets. 21 generates a magnetic field of the same polarity that repels the S pole.
The S pole of the permanent magnet 21 repels the magnetic field generated by the second winding 31b and the fourth winding 31d, and the rotor 20 rotates.

The first winding 31a and the third winding 31c excite the magnetic field that repels the permanent magnet 21 to drive the rotor 20, and the rotor 20 continues to rotate by sequentially switching the direction of rotation.

(First embodiment)
The electric motor 10 according to Embodiment 1 that operates in this manner is manufactured, and the output shaft (rotating shaft) of the electric motor 10 is connected to the input shaft of the generator, and an electronic load device is connected to the output of the generator to generate torque. , the relationship between the input voltage and input current to the excitation winding 31 and the rotation speed of the rotor 20 was measured.

As the excitation winding 31, a copper wire (Φ0.7 mm) wound 400 times was used.
The permanent magnet 21 is a stack of five disc-shaped magnets with a thickness of 3 mm, and neodymium magnets with diameters of 30 mm, 25 mm, 20 mm, 15 mm, and 10 mm were used from the rotor main body 22 side.

A voltage of 30 V was applied as a power supply Vss to the excitation circuit section 42 .
Rotating plate 413 was rotated every 5° from an angle of 0° shown in FIG. 4B to an angle of +15° shown in FIG. Also, by adjusting the load of the electronic load device, the torque of the electric motor 10 was changed to 0.3 N/m, 0.4 N/m, and 0.5 N/m.

The results are shown in FIGS. 5(A) to 5(C). It can be seen that the input voltage (excitation voltage) is constant at 30 V, but when the torque is increased, the input current (excitation voltage) increases and the rotation speed rises. Also, it can be seen that the motor efficiency does not significantly decrease even when the angle is changed.

When the permanent magnet 21 approaches and passes through the excitation winding 31 , a back electromotive force is generated in the excitation winding 31 , which hinders the energization of the excitation winding 31 . Also, when the excitation winding 31 is energized, the current rises with a delay with a time constant due to a transient phenomenon. Accordingly, when the first sensor section 411 and the second sensor section 412 of the excitation sensor section 41 are set at positions corresponding to the excitation winding 31, the excitation winding 31 generates It is presumed that the magnetic field becomes maximum from the position where the permanent magnet 21 passes through the excitation winding 31 .

However, by moving the excitation sensor portion 41 in the positive direction to detect the transmission portion 413t early, the current is passed through the excitation winding 31 more quickly, so that the current is more likely to flow through the excitation winding 31, resulting in a permanent The magnetic field generated by the excitation winding 31 can be maximized when the magnet 21 is positioned at the excitation winding 31 . Therefore, the permanent magnet 21 is strongly repelled by the excitation winding 31 and rotates, so that the rotation speed of the electric motor 10 can be increased.

In this manner, the electric motor 10 can easily adjust the speed while the input voltage is constant.

In this embodiment, the rotational positions of the first sensor section 411 for detecting the N pole of the permanent magnet 21 of the rotor 20 and the second sensor section 412 for detecting the S pole of the permanent magnet 21 are The number of revolutions was adjusted by shifting the
However, in addition to manually rotating the first sensor unit 411 and the second sensor unit 412, it is also possible to adjust them electronically.

For example, as shown in FIG. 6, the magnetic pole detection signal from the excitation sensor unit 41 (the N pole detection signal, which is a signal indicating that the N pole has been detected by the first sensor unit 411, the S pole is detected by the second sensor unit 412 When the S pole detection signal, which is a signal indicating that the signal is detected by the timing control unit 43, is input to the timing control unit 43, based on the instruction from the timing setting unit 44, the magnetic pole generation signal (N pole generation signal, S pole generation signal) is output to the magnetic pole excitation unit 45 . Then, the magnetic pole excitation unit 45 outputs the excitation current to the first and third windings 31a and 31c and the second and fourth windings 31b and 31d.

At this time, if the setting of the timing setting unit 44 indicates a negative direction from the reference position, the timing control unit 43 receives the magnetic pole detection signal from the excitation sensor unit 41, and then the timing setting unit 44 is set. , and outputs a magnetic pole generation signal.
Further, if the setting of the timing setting unit 44 indicates the positive direction from the reference position, the rotation time of one revolution of the rotor 20 (rotating plate 413) is determined based on the magnetic pole detection signal from the excitation sensor unit 41. is calculated, and the timing for outputting the magnetic pole generation signal is calculated and output from the rotation angle based on the setting of the timing setting unit 44 and the rotation time of one rotation.
In this manner, the rotation speed of the electric motor can be electronically adjusted by setting the timing setting section 44 without manually rotating the first sensor section 411 and the second sensor section 412 .

In the electric motor 10 shown in FIG. 1, the position of the permanent magnet 21 is detected by the transmitting portion 413t at the position where the slit of the rotating plate 413 is formed and the light shielding portion 413s at the position without the slit. Even if the shielding portion 413s is reversed, there is no problem as long as the excitation circuit portion outputs opposite magnetic poles. Alternatively, the rotary plate 413 may be formed with notches on the outer peripheral portion instead of the slits.

Furthermore, since it is sufficient that the excitation period can be identified and detected by the rotating plate, for example, a magnet may be provided as an identification portion on the rotating plate, and the magnet may be detected by a Hall element instead of the photointerrupter as the sensor portion. , or other means.

(Embodiment 2)
A motor according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In FIG. 7, the same components as in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.
In the electric motor 11 shown in FIG. 7, the power generation winding 32 is coaxial with the excitation winding 31 and arranged at an outer peripheral position from the excitation winding 31 .

Further, as shown in FIG. 8 , a rotation speed adjusting section 50 is connected to the power generation winding 32 . The rotation speed adjusting section 50 includes a rectifying section 51 and a consuming section 52 . The rectifying section 51 can be configured by a diode bridge.
In the rotation speed adjustment unit 50 shown in FIG. 8, the consumption unit 52 is connected to the rectification unit 51 on a one-to-one basis. , and a plurality of other rectifying units 51 are also connected to one consumption unit 52 .

When the excitation winding 31 is energized, electric power is generated in the power generation winding 32 . The current from the power generation winding 32 is full-wave rectified by the rectifying section 51 and flows to the consuming section 52 . The consumption unit 52 consumes the power from the power generation winding 32 according to the set resistance value.

The consumption unit 52 can be a variable resistor, but a load that effectively utilizes electrical energy may be connected instead of the variable resistor. For example, it can be a battery charging circuit, a lighting fixture, or an electric motor. The consumption unit 52 can be set to a resistance value from a short-circuit state to an open state.

(Second embodiment)
The electric motor 11 shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 is manufactured, and the current flowing through the power generation winding 32 is adjusted by changing the consumption portion 52 to obtain the generated voltage, the generated current, and the rotation speed of the rotor 20. relationship was measured.
As the power generation winding 32, a copper wire (Φ0.7 mm) wound 320 times was used. Other conditions are the same as in Example 1.

As shown in FIG. 9, the sensor angle of the excitation sensor section 41 is fixed at 10°, the excitation voltage to the excitation winding 31 is fixed at 30 V, and the consumption section 52 is changed from open to short.
When the consumption part 52 was opened, the power generation voltage of the power generation winding 32 was 22.45 V, and the rotation speed was 3,650 rpm. When the generated current is increased by 0.5 A, the rotation speed gradually increases to 3,750 rpm, 3,900 rpm, and 4,070 rpm. The results shown in FIGS. 5A to 5C show that the number of revolutions increased by changing the sensor angle from 0° to +15°. It can be estimated that by changing the load of the consumption part 52 of the generated current flowing through the power generation winding 32 while changing the angle, the rotational speed can be further increased or suppressed.

(Embodiment 3)
A motor according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
The electric motors described in the above-mentioned Patent Documents 1 and 2 are provided with an excitation winding for generating a magnetic field to the rotor and a power generation winding for generating power by the magnetic field accompanying the rotation of the rotor. Are known.

The magnetic power generator described in Patent Document 2 generates power using the magnetic force of permanent magnets. This magnetic power generator utilizes the attraction and repulsion acting between the motor coil and the permanent magnet by supplying an ON/OFF power supply to generate power. are relatively moved to generate power, and at least a part of the power energy generated by the power generation coil is used as an ON/OFF power source to be supplied to the motor coil.
In the rotary electric machine described in Patent Document 2, the magnetic generator simply charges a battery power source or the like with electric energy extracted from the power generation coil as a power source for the motor coil.

Further, the electric motor described in Patent Document 1 can adjust the number of rotations of the permanent magnet according to the current flowing through the rotation speed adjustment section, so that the number of rotations can be controlled without increasing power consumption.
However, in the electric motor described in Patent Document 1, the winding for power generation (second winding) is arranged coaxially with the winding for excitation (first winding) and at an outer peripheral position from the winding for excitation. Therefore, when the direction of the rotor due to the permanent magnets approaches or faces the excitation windings, the permanent magnets, the excitation windings, and the power generation windings are aligned substantially in a line. switches to a magnetic field that repels the permanent magnet.
Therefore, not only the magnetic flux from the excitation winding, but also the opposite magnetic flux from the permanent magnet affects the power generation winding, and the magnetic field from the power generation winding suppresses the flow of the excitation current to the excitation winding. This will have a disturbing effect and reduce the motor efficiency.

Therefore, in the electric motor according to the third embodiment, in order to easily adjust the speed without greatly reducing the motor efficiency,
The electric motor according to the third embodiment includes an excitation winding for generating a magnetic field to a rotor, a power generation winding for generating power by the magnetic field accompanying the rotation of the rotor, and a non-excitation winding from the excitation winding. and an adjustment circuit that adjusts the output from the power generation winding for a period that includes part or all of the period.

The electric motor according to the third embodiment will be described in detail below.
The electric motor according to the third embodiment includes power generation windings 32 that generate electric power by the magnetic field accompanying the rotation of the rotor 20, like the electric motor 11 according to the second embodiment shown in FIG. The power generation winding 32 is coaxial with the excitation winding 31 and arranged at an outer peripheral position from the excitation winding 31 .

In the electric motor according to Embodiment 3, as shown in FIG. 10, the output of the power generation winding 32 is connected to an adjustment circuit 60 with a short circuit for controlling the rotation of the electric motor. The adjustment circuit 60 short-circuits the output from the power generation winding 32 during a period that includes a rectification section 61 that rectifies the output from the power generation winding 32 and a part or all of the non-excitation period from the excitation winding 31 . A short-circuit portion 62 and a terminal portion 63 for connecting a load L are provided.
Although one set is shown in FIG. 10, the number of combinations of the excitation windings 31 and the power generation windings 32 is four. Therefore, the electric motor according to the third embodiment includes another set of adjustment circuits 60 shown in FIG.

The rectifying section 61 can be configured by a diode bridge.
Further, the short-circuit unit 62 short-circuits the output of the rectifying unit 61 (the power generation winding 32) according to the adjustment sensor unit 621 that outputs an adjustment instruction signal at a predetermined timing and the adjustment instruction signal from the adjustment sensor unit 621. and a switch circuit 622 .
The adjustment sensor unit 621 is formed of a transmission type photointerrupter composed of a photodiode and a photodiode.
The switch circuit 622 may be a P-type FET having a drain terminal connected to the output from the rectifying section 61 and having a gate terminal connected to the output from the adjustment sensor section 621 via a resistor.

The terminal portion 63 is connected to the source terminal of the switch circuit 622 (FET), grounded, and the load L is connected.

Here, the adjustment sensor section 621 will be described with reference to FIG. 11 .
As shown in FIG. 11, the adjustment sensor section 621 includes a first sensor section 621a that detects a non-excitation period during which the excitation winding 31 does not generate one magnetic pole, and a second sensor unit 621b for detecting a non-excitation period during which no The first sensor portion 621 a and the second sensor portion 621 b are provided on the rotary plate 413 that rotates together with the rotor 20 .

Rotating plate 413 functions as a range during which the excitation winding 31 generates one magnetic pole (a period during which a magnetic pole detection signal is generated), and after the period during which the magnetic pole is generated passes, an adjustment instruction signal is output. A transmission portion 413 t functioning as an output period range (hereinafter referred to as an adjustment range) is formed along the circumferential direction of the rotary plate 413 and has an arc-shaped transmission portion 413 t .

In Embodiment 3, the first winding 31a and the third winding 31c shown in FIG. Since a different magnetic pole is generated on the other side, a 45° transmitting portion 413t along the circumferential direction, a 135° blocking portion 413s following the transmitting portion 413t, a 45° transmitting portion 413t, and a 135° A light shielding portion 413s is formed.

Next, the generation timing of the adjustment instruction signal by the first sensor section 621a and the second sensor section 621b arranged in this manner will be described based on FIG.
First, the first sensor unit 411 (see FIG. 12) of the control circuit 40 shown in FIG. An exciting current flows through line 31 and an N pole is generated (see S10).

A magnetic field generated by the rotor 20 and the excitation winding 31 causes the power generation winding 32 to generate electric power.
Since the light blocking portion 413s is located in the adjustment sensor portion 621, no current flows through the output. Therefore, since the gate terminal of the switch circuit 622 is pulled up by the resistors R61 and R62, the output from the power generation winding 32 rectified by the rectifier 61 is transferred from the switch circuit 622 to the load L through the terminal 63. flow to

Next, when the rotating plate 413 rotates, the light shielding portion 413s is detected from the transmitting portion 413t by the first sensor portion 411, whereby the excitation current to the excitation winding 31 is stopped, and a non-excitation period ( S20).

Then, the transmission portion 413t is detected by the first sensor portion 621a shown in FIG. 11 (see S30). As shown in FIG. 10, when the transmission portion 413t is detected by the first sensor portion 621a, the voltage output from the first sensor portion 621a decreases. Then, the output from the power generation winding 32 rectified by the rectifying section 61 flows from the first sensor section 621a to the ground, resulting in a short circuit state.

Next, when the second sensor unit 412 (see FIG. 12) of the control circuit 40 shown in FIG. An exciting current flows through the winding 31 and an S pole is generated (see S40).

A magnetic field generated by the rotor 20 and the excitation winding 31 causes the power generation winding 32 to generate electric power.
Since the light blocking portion 413s is located in the adjustment sensor portion 621, no current flows through the output. Therefore, since the gate terminal of the switch circuit 622 is pulled up by the resistors R61 and R62, the output from the power generation winding 32 rectified by the rectifier 61 is transferred from the switch circuit 622 to the load L through the terminal 63. flow to

Next, when the rotating plate 413 rotates, the light shielding portion 413s is detected from the transmitting portion 413t by the second sensor portion 412, whereby the excitation current to the excitation winding 31 is stopped, and a non-excitation period ( S50).

Then, the transmission portion 413t is detected by the second sensor portion 621b shown in FIG. 11 (see S60). As shown in FIG. 10, when the transmission portion 413t is detected by the second sensor portion 621b, the voltage of the output from the second sensor portion 621b decreases. Then, the output from the power generation winding 32 rectified by the rectifying section 61 flows from the second sensor section 621b to the ground, resulting in a short circuit state.

Here, the adjustment circuit 60 shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 is mounted on the electric motor 11 shown in FIG. 7 in the second embodiment, and the number of revolutions when rotating the rotating plate 413 of the excitation sensor section 41 is measured. did.
In FIG. 13A, the load L was not connected, and the measurement was performed in a state in which the adjustment circuit 60 was not operated (equivalent to a state in which the output of the power generation winding 32 was open).
Next, in FIG. 13(B), the excitation winding 31 is excited at the timing shown in FIG. 12 and short-circuited by the adjustment circuit 60 (see FIG. 10) during the non-excitation period.
Furthermore, in FIG. 13(C), the measurement was performed in a state in which the adjustment circuit 60 was always short-circuited (equivalent to a state in which the output of the power generation winding 32 was short-circuited).
13A to 13C, the rotating plate 413 is rotated by 5° from the angle −5° shown in FIG. 4A to the angle +15° shown in FIG. 4E. rice field.

Comparing FIGS. 13A and 13B, the input voltage is constant, but when the rotation angle of the rotating plate 413 is rotated from −5° to +15°, the power generation power shown in FIG. It can be seen that the rotational speed is higher when the output of the power generation winding 32 is short-circuited during the non-excitation period shown in FIG. 13B than when the output of the winding 32 is open.
Looking only at the number of revolutions, it is higher when the output of the power generation winding 32 shown in FIG. 13(C) is short-circuited than in FIG. 13(B).
However, when the output of the power generation winding 32 shown in FIG. 13(C) is always short-circuited, the motor efficiency is significantly lower than in the open state shown in FIG. 13(A).

Therefore, from the open state shown in FIG. 13(A), as shown in FIG. 13(B), the motor efficiency can be increased from 50 rpm to 940 rpm without significantly decreasing from -2.7 to 1.1. can be raised. In particular, when the rotation angle of the rotor plate 413 was +10° and +15°, the number of revolutions could be greatly increased, and the motor efficiency could also be improved to 0.1 and 1.1.

This is because when the power generation winding 32 is not short-circuited during the non-excitation period of the excitation winding 31, the permanent magnet 21 of the rotor 20 repels the excitation winding 31 and passes through, When the excitation period has passed and the next permanent magnet 21 approaches the excitation winding 31, the power generation winding 32 is induced by the magnetic field from the permanent magnet 21, causing the excitation winding 31 to It is presumed that this obstructs the flow of the next excitation current. Therefore, by short-circuiting the power generation winding 32 during the non-excitation period, the excitation current can be instantaneously applied to the excitation winding 31, so that the rotation speed can be increased without significantly lowering the motor efficiency. can.

In the third embodiment, the short-circuiting portion that short-circuits the output of the power generation winding 32 is used. It is also possible to consume the output of the power generation winding 32 during the non-excitation period. Further, in the adjustment circuit 60, the entire non-excitation period is in the short circuit state, but it may be part of the non-excitation period. The load may be not only a dummy load but also a current from the power generation winding 32 that operates the circuit. For example, the load may charge a battery with a charging circuit.

In the third embodiment, the excitation period of the first sensor units 411 and 621a is 45°, the non-excitation period (short-circuit period) is 45°, the excitation period of the second sensor units 412 and 621b is 45°, and the non-excitation period is 45°. Since the period (short-circuit period) is set to 45°, the rotating plate 413 shown in FIG. 11 has two transmitting portions 413t. , 621a and second sensor portions 412 and 621b are arranged.

It is also possible to set different angles such as 60° for the excitation period and 30° for the non-excitation period (short-circuit period).

In that case, the transmitting portion 413t indicating the excitation period and the transmitting portion 413t indicating the non-exciting period (short-circuit period) are formed at positions shifted in the radial direction. When the light shielding portion 413s is detected after the first sensor portion 621a detects the transmission portion 413t, similarly, when the second sensor portion 412 detects the light shielding portion 413s after the transmission portion 413t which has passed This is possible by arranging the second sensor portion 621b to detect the transmission portion 413t.

10, the rotation speed is also adjusted by the rotation speed adjustment unit 50 by making the resistance value variable like the consumption unit 52 of the rotation speed adjustment unit 50 shown in FIG. may

(Embodiment 4)
A motor according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
14 and 15, the same components as in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.
The electric motor 12 shown in FIGS. 14 and 15 is arranged along the axis of the rotating shaft 23 by two sets of the rotor 20 and the stator 30, which are an example of an even-numbered set. .
A yoke 33 is provided to connect cores (not shown) arranged at axial positions of the two excitation windings 31 arranged in the axial direction F1 of the rotary shaft 23 .

Also, the two excitation windings 31 arranged in the axial direction F1 are excited with opposite polarities by the control circuit 40 . Of the permanent magnets 21 of the rotor 20 aligned in the axial direction F1, the permanent magnets 21 aligned in the axial direction F1 are arranged to have different polarities.

In the electric motor 12 thus formed, the yoke 33 connects the cores arranged at the axial positions of the two excitation windings 31 arranged in the axial direction F1 of the rotating shaft 23 . Therefore, the magnetic path M11 extends from one excitation winding 31 (rear excitation winding 31) in the front-rear direction to the other excitation winding 31 (front excitation winding 31) via the yoke 33. occur as follows. Conversely, the magnetic path M12 extends from the other excitation winding 31 (the front excitation winding 31) to the one excitation winding 31 (the rear excitation winding 31) via the yoke 33. occur as follows.

For example, when mounting a yoke on the electric motor 10 shown in FIG. Therefore, even in the electric motor 12 shown in FIG. 14 in which an even number of sets of stators 30 are arranged in the axial direction F1 of the rotating shaft 23, the four excitation windings 31 of one set of stators 30 are circulated. The yoke may be implemented as
However, if the yoke is mounted so as to encircle the four excitation windings 31, leakage flux will increase, and there is concern about a drop in efficiency.

In this embodiment, the yoke 33 connects the cores arranged at the axial positions of the two excitation windings 31 arranged in the axial direction F1 of the rotating shaft 23 . Therefore, since a magnetic path is formed only in a portion where the excitation windings 31 arranged in the axial direction F1 are connected, leakage magnetic flux can be reduced, and efficiency can be improved. In addition, since unnecessary yoke portions can be reduced, costs can be suppressed.

(Embodiment 4)
A motor according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In FIG. 16, the same components as in FIGS. 7 and 14 are given the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.
16A and 16B, the electric motor 13 shown in FIGS. 16A and 16B has a power generation winding 32 coaxial with the excitation winding 31 and an outer circumference from the excitation winding 31, similarly to the electric motor 11 shown in FIG. It is placed in position. A rotation speed adjusting section 50 shown in FIG. 8 is connected to the power generation winding 32 .
A yoke 33 is provided to connect cores (not shown) arranged at axial positions of the two excitation windings 31 and the two power generation windings 32 aligned in the axial direction F1 of the rotary shaft 23. ing.

In the electric motor 13 thus formed, the yoke 33 connects the cores arranged at the axial positions of the two excitation windings 31 and the two power generation windings 32 aligned in the axial direction F1 of the rotating shaft 23. is doing. Therefore, the magnetic path M21 extends from one excitation winding 31 (rear excitation winding 31) in the front-rear direction to the other excitation winding 31 (front excitation winding 31) via the yoke 33. occur as follows. Conversely, the magnetic path M22 extends from the other excitation winding 31 (the front excitation winding 31) to the one excitation winding 31 (the rear excitation winding 31) via the yoke 33. occur as follows.

Thus, even if the power generation winding 32 is coaxially connected to the excitation winding 31, the excitation windings 31 arranged in the axial direction F1 are connected by the yoke 33 via the power generation winding 32. As a result, similarly to the electric motor 12 shown in FIG. 14, leakage magnetic flux can be reduced, and efficiency can be improved.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention is suitable for an electric motor having a rotor having a plurality of permanent magnets provided on an output shaft and a stator having a plurality of excitation windings arranged along the rotation circumference of the output shaft.

Reference Signs List 10, 11, 12, 13 electric motor 20 rotor 21 permanent magnet 211 first portion 212 second portion 213 third portion 214 fourth portion 215 fifth portion 22 rotor body 23 rotating shaft 30 stator 31 winding for excitation 31a ~31d first winding to fourth winding 32 winding for power generation 33 yoke 40 control circuit 41 sensor section for excitation 411 first sensor section 412 second sensor section 413 rotating plate 413d disk main body 413t transmission section 413s light shielding section 42 excitation circuit part 421a, 421b first FET
422a, 422b second FET
423a, 423b Third FET
43 timing control unit 44 timing setting unit 45 magnetic pole excitation unit possible 50 rotation speed adjustment unit 51 rectification unit 52 consumption unit 60 adjustment circuit 61 rectification unit 62 short circuit unit 621 adjustment sensor unit 621a first sensor unit 621b second sensor unit 622 switch Circuit 63 Terminal G Gate terminal S Source terminal D Drain terminal R11, R12, R21, R22, R31, R32, R41, R42 Resistors R61, R62 Resistors C11, C12 Capacitors D11, D12, D21, D22 Diodes M11, M12, M21 , M22 Magnetic path F1 Axial direction L Load

Claims (6)

a rotor having an output shaft provided with a plurality of permanent magnets;
a stator having a plurality of excitation windings arranged along the rotation circumference of the output shaft;
A control circuit for controlling the excitation current to the excitation winding,
The control circuit includes an excitation sensor section for detecting a period for generating a magnetic pole in the excitation winding and outputting a magnetic pole detection signal, and an excitation winding based on the magnetic pole detection signal from the excitation sensor section. and an exciting current circuit that controls the direction of energization to the line,
An electric motor comprising speed adjusting means for changing the timing of the magnetic pole detection signal by the excitation sensor section. The excitation sensor section has an identification section formed along the circumference to indicate the occurrence of one magnetic pole or the other magnetic pole. a sensor unit that outputs a magnetic pole detection signal that instructs the generation of the magnetic pole or the other magnetic pole,
The excitation current circuit outputs an excitation current to the excitation winding for generating one magnetic pole or the other magnetic pole in the excitation winding based on a magnetic pole detection signal from the sensor unit,
2. The electric motor according to claim 1, wherein said speed adjusting means is formed by a mechanism capable of changing a detection position of said rotating plate at said identification portion by said sensor portion. A power generation winding that generates power by the magnetic field accompanying the rotation of the rotor,
3. The electric motor according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a rotation speed adjusting section for adjusting the current from said generator winding. A power generation winding that generates power by the magnetic field accompanying the rotation of the rotor,
2. An adjustment circuit for adjusting the output from the power generation winding for adjusting the output from the power generation winding during a period including part or all of the non-excitation period from the excitation winding. 2. The electric motor according to claim 2. 5. The adjustment circuit according to claim 4, wherein the adjustment circuit includes a short-circuiting section for short-circuiting or a consuming section for consuming the output from the power generation winding during a period including part or all of the non-excitation period from the excitation winding. electric motor. An even number of pairs of the rotor and the excitation winding are arranged along the output shaft,
6. The electric motor according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a yoke that connects cores arranged at axial positions of two exciting windings arranged in the axial direction of the output shaft.

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