JP2022146557A - cap - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a cap that can be easily attached to a connection end.SOLUTION: A cap 100 is attached to a connection end comprising a screw part, and comprises a deformation part 36 in which a convex shape screwed to the screw part is formed by coming into contact with the screw part and deforming.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a cap that is attached to a connecting end with a threaded portion.

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a method of providing nutritional supplementation to a patient who has difficulty taking food orally, enteral nutrition is performed in which nutrients are directly injected into the patient's gastrointestinal tract through a catheter inserted into the patient's gastrointestinal tract. In this method, one end of a tube is connected to the connection end of a nutrition bottle that stores a nutritional supplement, and the other end of the tube is connected to a catheter attached to the patient via, for example, an extension tube. Then, the nutrient stored in the nutrient bottle is administered to the patient through the tube.

Connectors conforming to standards such as ISO 80369-3 are provided at the connecting ends of the devices that make up such an enteral feeding line. As a result, each device can be easily connected and disconnected. In addition, such a connector is generally capped after the connection is removed, thereby preventing contamination due to contact with fingers and liquid dripping from the opening of the connector. (See Patent Document 1, for example). This cap has a luer taper portion that fits with the luer taper portion of the connector, and a threaded portion that corresponds to the threaded portion of the connector. It is designed so that it will not easily fall off.

Japanese Patent Publication No. 2016-507278

However, in order to mate the threads of the cap with the threads of the connector, it is first necessary to align the starting positions of the thread on one side and the thread groove on the other side. Enteral feeding may be performed at the patient's home by a person other than a medical professional, but the position alignment work performed by holding (picturing) a small cap with a gloved hand is unfamiliar. Therefore, a cap that can be easily attached has been desired.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a cap that can be easily attached to a connection end in view of such circumstances.

The cap of the present invention is attached to a connecting end having a threaded portion, and is characterized by comprising a deformable portion that deforms in contact with the threaded portion to form a recessed shape that engages with the threaded portion. do.

According to the cap of the present invention, it is possible to easily attach the cap to the connecting end because it does not require alignment work with respect to the threaded portion of the connecting end.

Moreover, the cap of this invention WHEREIN: It is preferable that the said deformation|transformation part is intermittently provided in the circumferential direction of the said threaded part.

According to this, the starting end of the thread in the threaded portion of the connection end can be brought into contact with the deformed portion in the vertical direction, that is, in the direction in which the thread continues, so that the concave shape can be easily formed. be able to.

Further, in the cap of the present invention, the deformed portion is composed of a plurality of ridges that are continuous in the axial direction of the threaded portion, and the plurality of ridges are larger than the range that the threaded portion occupies in the circumferential direction. It is preferable that they are arranged in the circumferential direction of the threaded portion at large intervals.

According to this, it is possible to facilitate the start of contact between the deformable portion and the threaded portion, and to reduce the force required to form the concave shape by reducing the formation range of the concave shape. Shapes can be formed.

Further, in the cap of the present invention, the deformed portion has an overlapping allowance of 30% or more and 80% of the height from the bottom of the threaded portion to the crest of the threaded portion in the radial direction of the threaded portion. The following are preferable.

According to this, while securing a sufficient amount of engagement with the threaded portion of the connection end to reliably prevent the cap from falling off from the connection end, contact between the bottom of the threaded portion and the deformed portion is avoided to form a recess. The force required to form the shape can be prevented from being excessive. That is, it is possible to achieve both prevention of the cap from falling off and ease of attachment.

In addition, the cap of the present invention includes a grip portion that is gripped by a user when attached to the connection end, and the grip portion includes a first base portion and a first base portion that are spaced apart from each other in the axial direction of the threaded portion. It has two base portions and a plurality of plate-like portions connecting the first base portion and the second base portion, and the plurality of plate-like portions extend in a first direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the screw portion. and are spaced apart in a second direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the threads and the first direction.

According to this, it is possible to reduce the thickness of the gripping portion to prevent molding defects such as sink marks and voids during resin molding, and to configure the gripping portion in a size and shape that allows easy application of force. It is possible to improve the ease of attaching the cap.

Moreover, in the cap of the present invention, it is preferable that the plurality of plate-like portions have ends in the first direction arranged at positions that can be contacted by the user.

According to this, since it becomes possible to make the edge part of a plate-shaped part function as slip prevention, the ease of attachment of a cap can be improved.

ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to the cap of this invention, the outstanding effect that it can be easily attached to a connecting end can be exhibited.

1 is a perspective view of a cap according to one embodiment of the invention; FIG. 2 is a front view of the cap of FIG. 1; FIG. Figure 2 is a plan view of the cap of Figure 1; 2 is a bottom view of the cap of FIG. 1; FIG. Figure 2 is a side view of the cap of Figure 1; FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VV of FIG. 5; FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along the line VI-VI of FIG. 5; FIG. 2 is a front view showing a state in which the cap of FIG. 1 is held by a connector via a held member; FIG. 9 is a front view showing a state in which a cap body of the cap held by the connector in FIG. 8 is attached to the connector; FIG. 10 is a partial cross-sectional view showing part of FIG. 9 in a cross section including the central axis X; FIG. 10 is a front view showing a state after removal from the connector of the cap body of FIG. 9;

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a cap 100 according to one embodiment of the invention. 2 to 5 are a front view, a plan view, a bottom view, and a right side view of cap 100, respectively. 6 and 7 are sectional views taken along line VV and line VI-VI in FIG. 5, respectively. The cap 100 is attached to a connector 200 (see FIGS. 8 to 11), which is a connection end of each device constituting an enteral feeding line in enteral nutrition, and protects the connector 200 from contamination due to contact with fingers and the like. , to prevent dripping from the connector 200 .

As shown in these figures, the cap 100 includes a cap body 10 attached to the distal end of the connector 200 to close and protect the opening of the connector, and a cap body 10 connected to the proximal end of the connector 200. A held member 40 for holding the cap 100 on the connector 200 even after removal, and a connecting member 50 for connecting the cap main body 10 and the held member 40 are provided.

The cap body 10 has a first member 20 and a second member 30 fixed to the first member 20 . The cap body 10 also has a central hole 11 that passes through both the first member 20 and the second member 30 and is open on the second member 30 side.

First, the first member 20 is described. The first member 20 is a portion that is picked up (grasped) by the user's fingers and rotates the cap body 10 when the cap body 10 is attached to the connector 200 . That is, the first member 20 constitutes the gripping portion of the present invention. The first member 20 includes a first base portion 21 and a second base portion 22 that are spaced apart from each other, and a tubular portion 24 and a plurality of plate portions 23a that are disposed between the first base portion 21 and the second base portion 22. ~23g.

The first base 21 and the second base 22 are disc-shaped members. The first base portion 21 and the second base portion 22 are arranged parallel to and apart from each other in the central axis X direction of the cap body 10 (the axial direction of the cap body 10). The tubular portion 24 has a constant inner diameter and an outer diameter, and is configured in a cylindrical shape defining the central hole 11 . The cylindrical portion 24 is disposed sandwiched between the first base portion 21 and the second base portion 22, and the central axis of the cylindrical portion 24 connects the respective centers of the first base portion 21 and the second base portion 22. It is coaxial with X.

The plurality of plate-like portions 23a to 23g are sandwiched between the first base portion 21 and the second base portion 22, similarly to the cylindrical portion 24. As shown in FIG. The plurality of plate-like portions 23a to 23g are formed in a plate-like shape parallel to the central axis X. As shown in FIG. That is, the cylindrical portion 24 and the plate-like portions 23a to 23g are arranged parallel to the central axis X and connect the first base portion 21 and the second base portion 22 together.

As shown in FIG. 7, the plate-like portions 23a-23g are arranged symmetrically with respect to a plane A including the central axis X. As shown in FIG. Plate-shaped portions 23a, 23b and 23c on both sides of the plane A are formed by extending from the outer peripheral surface 32 of the cylindrical portion 24 in the direction perpendicular to the plane A (first direction). ing.

The plate-like portions 23d and 23e are arranged outside the plate-like portions 23a and 23c and near the outer peripheral ends of the disk-shaped first base portion 21 and the second base portion 22, respectively, and extend in the first direction. formed to come out. The outer side surfaces 23d1 and 23e1 of the plate-like portions 23d and 23e are curved surfaces that substantially match the arc shapes of the outer circumferences of the disk-shaped first base portion 21 and the second base portion 22 when viewed from the central axis X direction. is formed in

The plate-like portions 23a to 23e are arranged in parallel with each other in a direction perpendicular to the central axis X in the plane A (second direction). Hollow portions 25a to 25d are provided between the respective plate-like portions 23a to 23e. Further, the end portions 26a to 26e of the plate-like portions 23a to 23e are arranged in the vicinity of the outer peripheral end of the first member 20, that is, at positions where the finger of the user can touch.

Plate-like portions 23f and 23g extending from the outer peripheral surface 32 of the tubular portion 24 are connected to the inner side surfaces of the plate-like portions 23d and 23e, respectively. With this structure, the rigidity of the first member 20 can be improved compared to the case where the plate-like portions 23d and 23e are provided independently without being connected to other portions.

Next, the effects of the plate-like portions 23a-23g will be described. When the resin material shrinks after molding, molding defects such as so-called sink marks and voids may occur. Since the size of a sink mark is proportional to the amount of material used, the thicker the member, the more likely it is to have a large sink mark. In this embodiment, since the first member 20 is formed to be large so that the user can easily pick it up, molding defects such as sink marks are likely to occur when the first member 20 is molded as a large mass.

Therefore, in the present embodiment, hollow portions 25a to 25d are provided as thinning and the plate-like portions 23a to 23g are formed thin in order to minimize sink marks and the like that occur in the first member 20. FIG. Further, by adopting a structure in which the plate-like portions 23a to 23g are connected to the cylindrical portion 24, the thickness of the plate-like portions 23a to 23g and the cylindrical portion 24 is reduced while the rigidity of the first member 20 as a whole is increased. are improving.

Further, the end portions 26a to 26e of the plate-like portions 23a to 23e are arranged near the outer peripheral end of the first member 20, respectively. Therefore, due to the edge effect of the ends 26a to 26e, it is possible to obtain a non-slip effect when turning the first member 20 with a finger. The first member 20 is formed to be large in order to facilitate picking.

That is, the first member 20 is formed to have a structure that is easy to pick up and does not slip easily. By configuring the first member 20 in this way, the cap 100 is easy to handle not only for healthy people who have no problem in moving their hands and fingers but also for people who have difficulty moving their hands and fingers. The diameter of the first member 20 is preferably about 15 mm, and the thickness of the first member 20, that is, the dimension in the central axis X direction is preferably about 10 mm.

Next, the second member 30 will be explained. The second member 30 is a portion of the cap main body 10 that fits over the distal end portion of the connector 200 and also engages with the internal thread portion 213 (see FIG. 10) of the connector 200 . The second member 30 has a central hole 11 and is formed in a cylindrical shape. and a tip 34 .

The second member 30 is arranged with its central axis coaxial with the central axis X of the cap body 10 . The center hole 11 is a portion that is fitted with an inner tubular member 216 (see FIG. 10) provided in the connector 200 when the cap body 10 is attached to the connector 200, and the tip portion 34 side is open.

A plurality of ridges 36 are provided on the outer peripheral surface 32 of the second member 30 . The ridge 36 is a portion formed with a concave shape corresponding to the thread ridge 214 (see FIG. 10) of the internal thread portion 213 of the connector 200 when attached to the connector 200 . That is, the ridge 36 constitutes the deformation portion of the present invention. The ridges 36 are provided on the outer peripheral surface 32 intermittently in the circumferential direction and continuously in the central axis X direction of the second member 30 .

Specifically, in this embodiment, a total of four protrusions 36 are provided on the outer peripheral surface 32 at intervals of 90° around the central axis X, and are spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction at intervals larger than the range occupied in the circumferential direction. are arranged in Each projection 36 is provided continuously from the base end portion 33 to the tip end portion 34 at a constant height from the outer peripheral surface 32 .

Note that the ridges 36 do not have to be parallel to the central axis X. For example, the ridge 36 may be arranged at an angle with respect to the central axis X of the second member 30 . Also, the number of protrusions 36 provided on the outer peripheral surface 32 may be appropriately changed as long as the protrusions 36 can be stably screwed in and the cap body 10 can be securely fastened to the connector 200 . For example, the ridges 36 may be any number from 1 to 6. Moreover, the ridge 36 may vary in height, width dimension, cross-sectional shape, or the like along the central axis X direction.

The cap main body 10 is integrally formed of an appropriate resin. It is preferable that the cap main body 10 is made of a material having an appropriate degree of hardness that achieves both the strength required when picking up and rotating with a finger and the ease of forming a concave shape. The material of cap 100 is, for example, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polypropylene (PP). In the present embodiment, the extending directions of the plate-shaped portions 23a to 23e are aligned, and the protrusion 36 is configured to be continuous in the central axis X direction, thereby facilitating the configuration and separation of the mold for resin molding. ing.

Next, the held member 40 and the connecting member 50 will be described. The held member 40 is formed of a C-shaped member having both ends so as to be easily connected to the connector 200 . The held member 40 includes one end 41 and the other end 42 , a hollow portion 43 inside the held member 40 formed in a C shape, and an opening 44 provided between the one end 41 and the other end 42 . ,have.

The connection of the member to be held 40 to the connector 200 is performed by pressing the member to be held 40 with the opening 44 in contact with the holding portion 220 (see FIG. 9 or 10) of the connector 200 . As a result, the holding portion 220 of the connector 200 slides into the hollow portion 43 of the held member 40 , and the held member 40 is rotatably held by the connector 200 .

The connecting member 50 is a member that connects the cap body 10 and the held member 40 . The connecting member 50 is a band-shaped bendable member, and has one end portion 51 and the other end portion 52 . The one end portion 51 is fixed to the outer peripheral end of the first base portion 21 of the cap body 10 . Further, the other end portion 52 is fixed to the held member 40 . The held member 40 and the connecting member 50 are integrally formed with the cap body 10 and can be manufactured at low cost.

At least two parallel plane portions may be provided on the outer surface of the held member 40, or a handle portion may be provided on the outer peripheral portion of the held member 40 to improve the ease of holding. . Moreover, the connecting member 50 is not limited to a belt-like member. For example, the connecting member 50 may be shaped like a bar having a rectangular cross section or a circular cross section so that the bending direction is not limited.

Next, how to use the cap 100 will be described. The cap 100 of this embodiment is configured to fit a connector 200, which is a male luer connector conforming to ISO80369-3, which is the standard for connectors for enteral nutrition. FIG. 8 is a front view showing a state in which the cap 100 is held by the connector 200 via the held member 40. FIG. 9 is a front view showing a state in which the cap body 10 of the cap 100 held by the connector 200 is attached to the connector 200. FIG. 10 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a cross section including the central axis X of part of FIG. FIG. 11 is a front view showing a state after removing the cap body 10 from the connector 200. As shown in FIG.

The connector 200 has a connecting portion 210 on the distal end side to be connected to a corresponding cylindrical female luer connector. The connecting portion 210 has a cylindrical outer cylindrical member 211 , an opening 212 into which a female luer connector is inserted, a female threaded portion 213 including a screw thread 214 and a root 215 , and a cylindrical inner cylindrical member 216 . is doing. The female threaded portion 213 is configured to mate with the male threaded portion of the female luer connector. In addition, the internal thread portion 213 is formed as a double-start thread centering on the central axis Y of the connector 200 .

The inner cylindrical member 216 is formed in a tapered shape, and its outer peripheral surface is configured to fit with the inner peripheral surface of the female luer connector. Also, the inner cylinder member 216 and the outer cylinder member 211 are provided with their central axes coaxial with the central axis Y of the connector 200 . That is, the connection portion 210 has a double cylindrical structure composed of an inner cylinder member 216 and an outer cylinder member 211 .

The connector 200 also includes a holding portion 220 to which the held member 40 is connected, and a tube connection portion 230 to which a tube is connected, on the proximal side. The holding portion 220 is configured in a cylindrical shape so that the held member 40 can rotate freely. A flange portion 221 is provided on the proximal end side of the holding portion 220 to restrict the movement of the held member 40 toward the proximal end side. The tube connecting portion 230 is formed in the same cylindrical shape as the holding portion 220, and is configured such that a tube is inserted thereinto and adhered.

When attaching the cap body 10 to the connector 200, the user picks up the first member 20, aligns the central axis X of the cap body 10 with the central axis Y of the connector 200, and holds the cap body 10 in plan view. Axial pressure is applied while being rotated. That is, the user attaches the cap body 10 to the connector 200 by screwing it. As a result, the center hole 11 is fitted with the inner cylinder member 216, and the inner cylinder member 216 is covered and its opening is closed.

Further, as the second member 30 is screwed in, the screw thread 214 comes into contact with the ridge 36 and is plastically deformed, so that the recesses 37a to 37c are formed one after another in the ridge 36, and the formed plurality of recesses 37a to 37c. The recessed shape formed by becomes a thread groove, and the protrusion 36 and the female thread portion 213 are engaged. As a result, the cap body 10 is attached to the connector 200 in such a way that it does not easily come off by tightening the screws.

Next, the recesses 37a to 37c formed in the second member 34 will be described in detail with reference to FIG. First, in order to facilitate understanding of the action when the cap body 10 is screwed into the connector 200, the description will focus on one of the screw threads 214 of the two-start screw and the ridge 36 located in the vicinity thereof. . When the second member 30 is inserted into the opening 212 of the connector 200 and rotated, the starting end of the thread 214 of the internal thread portion 213 existing near the opening 212 of the connector 200 comes into contact with the side surface of the protruding ridge 36 located in the immediate vicinity. Further rotation causes the thread 214 to press the protrusion 36 to plastically deform it, thereby forming the recess 37a. Further rotation passes through the recess 37a in which the thread 214 is formed, and the starting end of the thread 214 reaches the adjacent ridge 36 and presses to form the recess 37b. Further rotation passes through the recess 37b in which the thread 214 is formed, and the starting end of the thread 214 reaches the adjacent ridge 36 and presses to form the recess 37c.

In this manner, recesses 37a to 37c are formed in the three adjacent ridges 36, respectively. For the other thread 214 of the double-start thread, the same situation as described above occurs at the same time with the ridge 36 shifted by 90 degrees in the rotational direction. Accordingly, recesses 37a and 37c are also formed in the other protrusion 36 located on the back side of the second member 30, which is not shown in FIG. 11, similarly to the protrusion 36 on the front side.

In this embodiment, by intermittently providing the ridges 36 in the circumferential direction, the threads 214 are brought into contact with the side surfaces of the ridges 36 in the vertical direction (the direction in which the threads 214 continue). As a result, deformation of the thread 214 is suppressed, and the protrusion 36 can be easily plastically deformed. In this embodiment, by arranging the ridges 36 in the circumferential direction at intervals larger than the width dimension (the range occupied in the circumferential direction) of the ridges 36, the initial contact between the thread 214 and the ridges 36 is facilitated. In addition, it is possible to reduce the amount of deformation of the protrusion 36 and reduce the force required to form the recesses 37a to 37c.

Whether or not the fourth and subsequent concave portions are formed in the ridge 36 depends on the setting of the length of the second member 30 in the direction of the central axis X relative to the length of the female screw portion 213 in the direction of the central axis Y and the pitch. will be determined by From the viewpoint of preventing falling off, it is preferable to form at least one recess in each of the protrusions 36, and more preferably to form a plurality of recesses in all the protrusions 36, but from the viewpoint of ease of attachment. Therefore, it is preferable that the number of concave portions is small. In the present embodiment, two recesses 37a and 37c are formed in two (that is, half) of the four protrusions 36, and one recess 37b is formed in the remaining protrusions 36. By doing so, we have achieved both prevention of falling off and ease of installation.

In addition, when the cap body 10 is attached to the connector 200, the amount (height) of protrusion 36 protruding from the outer peripheral surface 32 is such that it sufficiently engages with the threads 214 of the female threaded portion 213 and the valley bottom 215 The dimensions are set so that they do not come into contact with the The smaller the radial overlap between the protrusion 36 and the female thread portion 213 (thread 214), the smaller the torque required to screw in the thread. As a result, the drop-off preventing effect is not sufficiently exhibited. On the other hand, if the protrusion 36 and the female threaded portion 213 have a large overlap, the drop-off prevention effect is ensured, but the torque required for screwing is increased. In particular, when the ridge 36 comes into contact with the root 215 of the female threaded portion 213 , the torque required for screwing may become excessive, making it difficult to attach the cap body 10 to the connector 200 .

Therefore, in order to achieve both ease of attachment of the cap body 10 to the connector 200 and difficulty in detachment of the cap body 10, the radial overlapping margin between the projection 36 and the female thread portion 213 (screw thread 214) should be It is preferably 30% or more and 80% or less, and more preferably 40% or more and 70% or less, of the height (distance in the radial direction) from the root 215 to the crest of the thread 214 .

As described above, in this embodiment, instead of the male threaded portion that engages with the female threaded portion 213 of the connector 200, a concave shape that engages with the female threaded portion 213 is formed by contacting and deforming the female threaded portion 213. By providing the deformed portion (protrusion 36 ), it becomes unnecessary to position the cap main body 10 in the rotational direction with respect to the starting position of the female screw portion 213 , thereby facilitating attachment to the connector 200 .

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the cap of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention. is. For example, the shape and arrangement of each part of the cap 100 are not limited to the shapes and arrangements shown in the above-described embodiments, and various known shapes and arrangements can be adopted.

In particular, the deformation portion is not limited to the configuration of the protrusion 36 described above, and may be provided intermittently in the direction of the central axis X, or provided continuously in the circumferential direction. configuration can be employed. Moreover, the deformable portion may be one that causes breakage along with plastic deformation when forming the concave shape, or one that is formed with the concave shape only by elastic deformation. Furthermore, the deformed portion may be made of a material different from that of the other portions of the cap body 10. In this case, the deformed portion may be provided by, for example, two-color molding.

Also, the cap 100 may be attached to a connecting end provided with a male threaded portion, and in this case also, a deformed portion may be provided on the surface of the connecting end facing the male threaded portion. Also, the cap 100 may not block the opening of the connector 200 , and may not include the held portion 40 and the connecting portion 50 . Further, the connector 200 may be configured by a separate member in which the outer cylindrical member 211 having the female threaded portion 213 is loosely fitted to the connector main body so as to be rotatable around the central axis Y. As shown in FIG.

Moreover, the actions and effects shown in the above-described embodiments are merely enumerations of the most preferred actions and effects resulting from the present invention, and the actions and effects of the present invention are not limited to these.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 10 cap body 20 first member 21 first base 22 second base 23a to 23e plate-like portions 26a to 26e ends of plate-like portions 36 ridges 37a to 37c recess 100 cap 200 connector 213 internal thread

Claims (6)

In a cap attached to a connecting end with a threaded part,
A cap comprising a deformable portion that deforms in contact with the threaded portion to form a concave shape that engages with the threaded portion. The cap according to claim 1,
The cap, wherein the deformation portion is intermittently provided in a circumferential direction of the threaded portion. A cap according to claim 2,
The deformed portion is composed of a plurality of ridges continuous in the axial direction of the threaded portion,
The cap is characterized in that the plurality of ridges are arranged in the circumferential direction of the threaded portion at intervals larger than the range occupied in the circumferential direction of the threaded portion. In the cap according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The deformed portion is characterized in that an overlap margin overlapping the threaded portion in the radial direction of the threaded portion is 30% or more and 80% or less of the height from the bottom of the threaded portion to the crest of the thread. cap. In the cap according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
A grip portion gripped by a user when attached to the connection end,
The grip portion has a first base portion and a second base portion spaced apart from each other in the axial direction of the screw portion, and a plurality of plate-like portions connecting the first base portion and the second base portion. ,
The plurality of plate-shaped portions are configured to extend in a first direction orthogonal to the axial direction of the threaded portion, and are spaced apart in a second direction orthogonal to the axial direction of the threaded portion and the first direction. A cap, characterized in that it is arranged with a space between A cap according to claim 5,
The cap, wherein the ends of the plurality of plate-shaped portions in the first direction are arranged at positions that the user can contact.

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