JP2022130747A - Semiconductor device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a semiconductor device that can increase the number of semiconductor devices (number of chips) obtained from a single wafer.

SOLUTION: A semiconductor device 105 includes a SiC semiconductor layer (2) of the first conductivity type, a first insulating layer (81), a surface electrode (9), a second insulating layer (82), and a Schottky barrier diode structure (2,93,9) formed on the surface side of the SiC semiconductor layer (2). The second insulating layer (82) extends to the end surface (2C) of the SiC semiconductor layer (2) and is flush with the end surface (2C).

SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 9

COPYRIGHT: (C)2022,JPO&INPIT

Description

The present invention relates to semiconductor devices.

Conventionally, when measuring the electrical characteristics of a high-voltage semiconductor device, there has been a problem of discharge in the air.

As a countermeasure, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses that a base region and an emitter region are formed on a semiconductor wafer, the base electrode and the emitter electrode are patterned, a polyimide film is coated on the surface, patterning is performed, a dicing region and other regions are formed. discloses a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device including a step of covering a region except for an electrode bonding portion.

JP-A-60-50937 JP-A-54-45570 JP 2011-243837 A JP 2001-176876 A Republished patent WO2009/101668

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor device capable of increasing the number of semiconductor devices (the number of chips) obtained from one wafer as compared with the prior art.

A semiconductor device according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a first conductivity type SiC semiconductor layer having a front surface, a back surface, and an end surface connected to the front surface and the back surface, and having a semiconductor element structure formed on the front surface side; a first insulating layer formed on the surface side of the SiC semiconductor layer; a lower end portion penetrating part of the first insulating layer and connected to the surface of the SiC semiconductor layer; a surface electrode having a lead portion projecting upward and extending laterally on the first insulating layer; and a second insulating layer covering a portion of the surface electrode so as to have an opening exposing a portion of the surface electrode. and a back surface electrode formed on the back surface of the SiC semiconductor layer, wherein the second insulating layer extends to and is flush with the end surface of the SiC semiconductor layer.

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a semiconductor device according to a first embodiment of the invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view seen from the section line II--II in FIG. FIG. 3 is a flowchart for explaining an example of the manufacturing process of the semiconductor device. FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the effect associated with the distance X1 from the edge of the pad area to the edge of the SiC layer. FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the effect associated with the distance X2 from the end of the connection portion with the SiC layer in the anode electrode to the end face. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the configuration of a semiconductor device according to a second embodiment of the invention. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the configuration of a semiconductor device according to the third embodiment of the invention. FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the configuration of a semiconductor device according to a fourth embodiment of the invention. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the configuration of the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment of the invention. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the configuration of a semiconductor device according to the fifth embodiment of the invention. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the configuration of a semiconductor device according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the configuration of a semiconductor device according to a second embodiment of the invention. FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the configuration of a semiconductor device according to the seventh embodiment of the invention. 14 is a diagram for explaining an example of a planar structure of the semiconductor device of FIG. 13. FIG.

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a semiconductor device according to a first embodiment of the invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view seen from the section line II--II in FIG. 1 and 2 show a semiconductor device before singulation from a wafer for easy understanding of the invention.

The semiconductor device 1 is an element employing silicon carbide (SiC). A large number of semiconductor devices 1 are regularly arranged on one SiC wafer 2 in the manufacturing process. A dicing region 4 having a predetermined width α (for example, 30 μm to 80 μm) for partitioning a plurality of element regions 3 is set in the SiC wafer 2 (hereinafter also referred to as “SiC layer 2”). In this embodiment, the dicing regions 4 are formed in a lattice pattern, and the plurality of element regions 3 are arranged in a matrix as a whole. The semiconductor device 1 is formed one by one in each element region 3 and singulated by cutting the SiC wafer 2 along the dicing regions 4 . Also, the semiconductor device 1 according to the first embodiment is a Schottky barrier diode.

SiC layer 2 of each semiconductor device 1 cut out by singulation has front surface 2A and rear surface 2B, and end surface 2C surrounding front surface 2A and rear surface 2B. The end surface 2C is a cut surface (side surface) of the SiC layer that appears due to singulation, and defines the outer peripheries of the front surface 2A and the rear surface 2B. In this embodiment, each semiconductor device 1 is, for example, a square chip in plan view. The size is 0.5 mm to 20 mm in the vertical and horizontal directions on the page of FIG. That is, the chip size of the semiconductor device 1 is, for example, 0.5 mm square to 20 mm square.

The SiC layer 2 includes a substrate 5 made of n ⁺ -type SiC and an epitaxial layer 6 made of n ⁻ -type SiC formed on the substrate 5 . The thickness of the substrate 5 is 50 μm to 1000 μm, and the thickness of the epitaxial layer 6 may be 5 μm or more (preferably 6 μm to 20 μm). As the n-type dopant contained in the substrate 5 and the epitaxial layer 6, for example, N (nitrogen), P (phosphorus), As (arsenic), etc. can be used (hereinafter the same). The dopant concentration of the substrate 5 is relatively high and the dopant concentration of the epitaxial layer 6 is relatively low compared to the substrate 5 . Specifically, the dopant concentration of the substrate 5 is 1×10 ¹⁷ to 1×10 ²² cm ⁻³ , and the dopant concentration of the epitaxial layer 6 is 1×10 ¹⁶ cm ⁻³ or less (preferably 1×10 ¹⁵ to 9×10 ¹⁵ cm ⁻³ ).

A p-type voltage relaxation layer 7 is formed on the surface of the epitaxial layer 6 so as to be exposed at the end of the surface 2A. In this embodiment, the voltage relaxation layer 7 is annular along the outer periphery of the SiC layer 2 so as to be exposed at the corners on the side of the surface 2A of the SiC layer 2 formed by the surface 2A and the end face 2C of the SiC layer 2 . is formed in Thus, voltage relaxation layer 7 is exposed on both surface 2A and end surface 2C, and the regions exposed on surfaces 2A and 2C are integrated at the corners of SiC layer 2 . As the p-type dopant contained in voltage relaxation layer 7, for example, B (boron), Al (aluminum), or the like can be used. Voltage relaxation layer 7 is formed such that its bottom is located on the surface 2A side with respect to the boundary between substrate 5 and epitaxial layer 6 . Specifically, voltage relaxation layer 7 may have a depth of, for example, 1000 Å to 10000 Å.

An insulating layer 8 and an anode electrode 9 as a surface electrode are formed on the SiC layer 2 . Insulating layer 8 is formed to cover voltage relaxation layer 7 and has a structure composed of a plurality of layers including a first layer 81 and a second layer 82 that are laminated in order from SiC layer 2 . If the insulating layer 8 has a multi-layered structure, the type of the insulating layer 8 can be varied in accordance with the magnitude of the maximum applied voltage (BV) required for the Schottky barrier diode.

In this embodiment, the first layer 81 is formed over the entire surface 2A of the SiC layer 2 . On the other hand, the second layer 82 is formed so as to expose the portion on the corner of the surface 2A of the SiC layer 2 in the first layer 81, and the outer peripheral edge 83 recessed inside the SiC layer 2 with respect to the end surface 2C. have. Specifically, the voltage relaxation layer 7 covered with the insulating layer 8 is formed so as to overlap the outer peripheral edge 83 of the second layer 82 in the thickness direction of the SiC layer 2 . That is, the inner peripheral edge 71 of the voltage relaxation layer 7 is positioned inside the SiC layer 2 relative to the outer peripheral edge 83 of the second layer 82 . A contact hole 84 is formed in the first layer 81 to selectively expose the surface 2A of the SiC layer 2 .

Anode electrode 9 includes a lower end portion 91 embedded in contact hole 84 and an upper end portion 92 protruding upward from first layer 81 . is connected as a connecting portion 93 to the . Upper end portion 92 of anode electrode 9 further includes lead portion 94 as a peripheral edge portion uniformly drawn out from the outer periphery of contact hole 84 in the lateral direction (direction along surface 2A of SiC layer 2). Thereby, the anode electrode 9 is formed in a size larger than the opening diameter of the contact hole 84 in plan view.

In addition, the upper end portion 92 of the anode electrode 9 is covered with the upper second layer 82 at its peripheral portion. That is, a contact hole 85 is formed in the second layer 82 to selectively expose the central portion of the anode electrode 9 as a pad area 95 . Contact hole 85 is formed such that the relative position of the outer peripheral edge with respect to end surface 2</b>C of SiC layer 2 is inside the outer peripheral edge of contact hole 84 . A specific size of contact hole 85 is, for example, about 500 μm×300 μm when connecting a bonding wire with a diameter of 125 μm to pad area 95 .

In this embodiment, the insulating layer 8 includes a first layer 81 made of silicon oxide (SiO ₂ ) having a thickness of 1 μm or more, and a second layer 82 made of polyimide having a thickness of 0.2 μm or more. However, the material of the insulating layer 8 is not limited to this. For example, the first layer 81 may be made of polyimide having a thickness of 0.2 μm or more, or silicon nitride (SiN) having a thickness of 1 μm or more. Among these, SiO ₂ is most preferable from the viewpoint of adhesion with the SiC layer 2 .

The anode electrode 9 is made of a material that forms a Schottky barrier or a heterojunction with respect to the n-type SiC layer 2, specifically Mo (molybdenum), Ti (titanium), Ni (nickel) as an example of the former. , Al (aluminum), polysilicon as an example of the latter, and the like. That is, the anode electrode 9 forming a Schottky barrier in this semiconductor device 1 is made of a metal electrode forming a Schottky barrier between itself and the SiC layer 2, and a semiconductor having a bandgap different from that of the SiC layer 2. , a semiconductor electrode heterojunction (a junction that forms a potential barrier with the SiC layer 2 by utilizing a bandgap difference) with the SiC layer 2 .

In this semiconductor device 1 , a forward bias state in which a positive voltage is applied to the anode electrode 9 and a negative voltage is applied to the cathode electrode (not shown) causes a voltage from the cathode electrode to the anode electrode 9 via the SiC layer 2 . Electrons (carriers) move and current flows. Thereby, the semiconductor device 1 (Schottky barrier diode) operates.

Next, a method for manufacturing the semiconductor device 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3. FIG. FIG. 3 is a flowchart for explaining an example of the manufacturing process of the semiconductor device.

First, a SiC wafer 2 composed of a substrate 5 and an epitaxial layer 6 is prepared. As described above, the SiC wafer 2 has an element region 3 in which a plurality of semiconductor devices 1 are formed, and a plurality of semiconductor devices that partition the element region 3 and are finally singulated and separated from each other. A dicing region 4 defining an end face 2C of 1 is set in a grid pattern.

Next, voltage relaxation layer 7 is formed, for example, by selectively ion-implanting and annealing surface 2A of SiC layer 2 (step S1). The voltage relaxation layer 7 is formed along the dicing region 4 so as to straddle the adjacent element regions 3 with a width β wider than the width α of the dicing region 4 during manufacturing. That is, in this embodiment, the voltage relaxation layer 7 is formed in a lattice shape with a width β wider than the width α of the dicing region 4 (see the dashed-dotted line in FIG. 1).

Next, a first layer 81 is formed on the entire surface 2A of SiC layer 2 by a known film forming method such as CVD (step S2).

Next, after forming a contact hole 84 selectively exposing the surface 2A of the SiC layer 2 in the first layer 81, a material for the anode electrode 9 is deposited by, for example, a sputtering method, and patterned to form the anode electrode 9. formed (step S3). Anode electrode 9 is connected to SiC layer 2 (epitaxial layer 6) through contact hole 84 in first layer 81 .

Next, a second layer 82 is formed on the first layer 81 so as to cover the entire anode electrode 9 by a known film forming method such as CVD (step S4). Next, by patterning the second layer 82, a contact hole 85 is formed to selectively expose the central portion of the anode electrode 9 as the pad area 95 (step S5). At the same time, the lattice-like portion along the dicing region 4 of the second layer 82 is selectively removed, and the outer peripheral edge 83 of the second layer 82 recedes inside each element region 3 with respect to the line forming the end face 2C. becomes. Through the above steps, a Schottky barrier diode (semiconductor element structure) is formed in each element region 3 by joining the SiC layer 2 and the anode electrode 9 .

The next step is to measure the electrical characteristics of each Schottky barrier diode (step S6). Specifically, the anode electrode 9 of one element region 3 is set to 0 V, and the back surface of the SiC wafer 2 is set to 1000 V or more (for example, 1700 V). Thereby, a maximum applied voltage (BV) that generates a potential difference of 1000 V or more between the anode electrode 9 and the SiC wafer 2 is applied, and the breakdown voltage of each Schottky barrier diode is measured.

At this time, since the n-type portion of the SiC wafer 2 including a portion of the dicing region 4 (portion other than the voltage relaxation layer 7) is fixed at a potential of 1000 V or higher, a voltage is applied between the dicing region 4 and the anode electrode 9. , a potential difference of 1000 V or more is generated. Even in such a case, according to this embodiment, the voltage relaxation layer 7 is formed along the dicing region 4 and the voltage relaxation layer 7 is further covered with the insulating layer 8 . Therefore, the maximum applied voltage (BV) of 1000 V or more applied between the dicing region 4 and the anode electrode 9 can be relieved in two steps by the insulating layer 8 and the voltage relaxation layer 7 . As a result, the burden of the voltage applied to the atmosphere between the dicing region 4 and the anode electrode 9 can be reduced. In other words, as shown in FIG. 2, the voltage applied between the dicing region 4 and the anode electrode 9 can be shared by the atmospheric section 10, the insulating layer section 11, and the voltage relaxation layer section 12. FIG. Therefore, even if the firing voltage V in the atmospheric section 10 is lower than the conventional one, the relationship of firing voltage V>maximum applied voltage (BV) can be maintained.

Here, based on Paschen's law, the firing voltage V between the two electrodes depends on the gas pressure P and the distance between the electrodes (in this embodiment, from the edge of the pad area 95 (outer periphery of the contact hole 85) to the dicing area. 4 (V=f(P·X1)). According to this semiconductor device 1, the discharge start voltage V in the atmospheric section 10 can be made lower than in the conventional case, and according to Paschen's law, the distance X1 can be shortened in comparison with the conventional case.

Therefore, if the size (chip size) of the semiconductor device 1 is the same as the conventional one, the outer edge of the pad area 95 can be widened toward the end surface 2C of the SiC layer 2, so the pad area 95 can be made wider than the conventional one. can do. On the other hand, if the pad area 95 is made the same size as the conventional one, the end surface 2C of the SiC layer 2 can be shrunk toward the pad area 95, so the number of semiconductor devices 1 obtained from one SiC wafer 2 (the number of chips ) can be increased compared to the conventional method.

Furthermore, even if one of insulating layer 8 and voltage relaxation layer 7 has a defect (for example, a hole due to a process defect), the defect can be covered by the other. Therefore, the occurrence of discharge between the dicing region 4 and the anode electrode 9 can be effectively prevented.

Further, the electrical characteristics of the Schottky barrier diode are measured in a gas atmosphere such as air, nitrogen (N ₂ ), hydrogen (H ₂ ), argon (Ar), neon (Ne), helium (He). be able to. The gas pressure P at that time is preferably 720 Torr to 1520 Torr, for example.

According to the Paschen's law function V=f(P·X1), as the gas pressure P increases, the firing voltage V also increases. Therefore, the distance X1 from the end of the pad area 95 to the dicing region 4 (the end surface 2C of the SiC layer 2) can be further shortened by setting the gas pressure P at the time of measuring the electrical characteristics within the above range.

After that, the electrical characteristics of the Schottky barrier diodes in all the device regions 3 are measured by the same method. After the measurement, the SiC wafer 2 is cut along the dicing regions 4 to cut into individual semiconductor devices 1 . Thus, the semiconductor device 1 having the structure shown in FIG. 2 and the like is obtained.

Next, with reference to FIG. 4, effects related to the distance X1 from the end of the pad area 95 to the end surface 2C of the SiC layer 2 will be described.

In the semiconductor device 1, the maximum applied voltage (BV) Y (≧1000 V) applied to the Schottky barrier diode and the distance X1 from the end of the pad area 95 to the end surface 2C of the SiC layer 2 are expressed by the following relational expression (1 ) is preferably satisfied. In the manufacturing process, when the second layer 82 is patterned to expose the pad area 95 (step S5), the maximum applied voltage (BV) Y (≧1000 V) applied to the Schottky barrier diode and the pad area 95 It is preferable to set the size of the pad area 95 (the size of the contact hole 85) such that the distance X1 from the edge of the dicing region 4 to the dicing region 4 satisfies the following relational expression (1).

As described above, by providing the insulating layer 8 and the voltage relaxation layer 7, the insulating layer section 11 and the voltage relaxation layer section 12 are interposed between the dicing region 4 and the anode electrode 9 in addition to the atmosphere section 10. become. The interposition of insulating layer 8 and voltage relaxation layer 7 effectively prevents discharge between dicing region 4 and anode electrode 9 .

On the other hand, between the anode electrode 9 of one element region 3 and the anode electrode 9 of the element region 3 adjacent to the element region 3 (section 13), the exposed pad areas 95 are separated from each other only through the atmosphere. connected to each other. Therefore, when the electrical characteristics of the Schottky barrier diode are measured (step S6), if the maximum applied voltage (BV) (≧1000 V) exceeds the discharge start voltage V in the atmosphere, discharge occurs between the adjacent anode electrodes 9. There is a risk.

According to the function V=f(P·X1) of Paschen's law, as the distance X1 decreases, the firing voltage V in the atmosphere also decreases. That is, as a result of this embodiment, although the distance X1 from the end of the pad area 95 to the dicing region 4 (the end surface 2C of the SiC layer 2) can be shortened, the length of the section 13 connected only through the air is accordingly reduced. The discharge start voltage V is also lowered. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent discharge in section 13 by preventing the maximum applied voltage (BV) from exceeding the discharge start voltage V in the atmosphere while keeping the distance X1 as short as possible.

Therefore, in the semiconductor device 1, by satisfying the above relational expression (1), the distance X1 from the end of the pad area 95 to the dicing region 4 (the end face 2C of the SiC layer 2) can be shortened compared to the conventional one, while the adjacent Discharge between the mating anode electrodes 9 can be reliably prevented.

Specifically, when the present inventors investigated, the relationship between the discharge starting voltage V and the discharge distance between two electrodes connected to each other only through the atmosphere is the graph (Y=1.053E+03e ^5.846E-04X ). In this formula, "E" represents a power of 10 (same below). For example, 1.053E+03 represents 1.053×10 ³ . Also, e ^5.846E-04X represents exp(5.846×10 ⁻⁰⁴ −X). According to FIG. 4A, when the discharge distance (distance between two electrodes) is 200 μm, 400 μm, and 700 μm, when potential differences of 1200 V or more, 1300 V or more, and 1600 V or more are generated between the two electrodes, Electrical discharge may occur. That is, in FIG. 4A, discharge may occur when the coordinates are included in the upper area (shaded area) of the graph.

The inventor further examined the relationship between the maximum applied voltage (BV) Y and the distance X1 in the semiconductor device 1 based on FIG. 4(a). In the semiconductor device 1, the distance corresponding to the discharge distance in FIG. 4A is the shortest distance between the adjacent anode electrodes 9. As shown in FIG. This shortest distance corresponds to twice the distance X1 (2(X1)) from the edge of each pad area 95 (the outer periphery of the contact hole 85) to the dicing region 4 (strictly, 2(X1)+α). However, the size of the width α is ignored here.). Therefore, when the distance X1 is 100 μm, 200 μm, and 350 μm in the semiconductor device 1, there is a potential difference of 1200 V or more, 1300 V or more, or 1600 V or more between the adjacent anode electrodes 9 when measuring the electrical characteristics of the Schottky barrier diode (step S6). If a discharge occurs between them, a discharge may occur between them. That is, when the maximum applied voltage (BV) that generates the potential difference is applied to the anode electrode 9 of one device region 3, a discharge occurs between the device region 3 and the anode electrode 9 of the device region 3 adjacent to the device region 3. There is a risk of

FIG. 4B is a graph showing the relationship between the maximum applied voltage (BV) Y and the distance X1 in the semiconductor device 1 in view of the above. The graph in FIG. 4(b) represents a function of Y=1.053E+03e ^1.169E-03X1 . Converting this to an equation for X1 gives X1=855·ln (Y/1053). In FIG. 4(b), there is a risk of discharge occurring when the coordinates are included in the upper area (shaded area) of the graph, and there is little possibility of discharge occurring when the coordinates are included in the lower area. Therefore, in order to reliably prevent discharge from occurring between adjacent anode electrodes 9, the coordinates of the maximum applied voltage (BV) Y and the distance X1 must be included in the lower area of the graph.

However, even if the coordinates are included in the lower region, the distance X1 is preferably as short as possible in order to achieve the effects of widening the pad area 95 and increasing the number of semiconductor devices 1 that can be obtained.

Therefore, in this embodiment, as described above, the maximum applied voltage (BV) Y and the distance X1 are set so as to satisfy the following relational expression (1).

In this relational expression (1), the coordinates of the maximum applied voltage (BV) Y and the distance X1 are X1=855·ln (Y/1053) and X1=855·ln (Y/1053) in FIG. It represents that it is included in the area (shaded part) surrounded by +100. As a result, the distance X1 from the end of the pad area 95 to the dicing region 4 (the end surface 2C of the SiC layer 2) can be shortened compared to the conventional art, while the discharge between the adjacent anode electrodes 9 can be reliably prevented.

Next, with reference to FIG. 5, the effect related to the distance X2 from the end of the connection portion 93 of the anode electrode 9 with the SiC layer 2 to the end surface 2C will be described.

In the semiconductor device 1, the distance X2 from the end of the connection portion 93 of the anode electrode 9 with the SiC layer 2 (peripheral edge of the contact hole 84) to the end surface 2C is the maximum applied voltage (BV) applied to the Schottky barrier diode. Sometimes, it is preferably longer than width X3 of depletion layer 14 laterally extending along surface 2A of SiC layer 2 from connecting portion 93 . In the manufacturing process, a contact hole 84 is formed in the first layer 81, and when connecting the anode electrode 9 to the SiC layer 2 through the contact hole 84 (step S3), the end of the connection portion 93 to the dicing region 4 is formed. It is preferable to set the relative position of the connection portion 93 with respect to the dicing region 4 such that the distance X2 of is longer than the width X3 of the depletion layer 14 .

A depletion layer in a semiconductor layer made of SiC is generally said to extend about twice as much in a direction (horizontal direction) perpendicular to the thickness direction (vertical direction) of the semiconductor layer. When the distance X2 is shorter than the width X3 of the depletion layer 14 when the maximum applied voltage (BV) is applied, when the maximum applied voltage (BV) is applied to each singulated semiconductor device 1, the depletion layer 14 may extend up to the end surface 2C of the SiC layer 2 . Therefore, in this semiconductor device 1, the depletion layer 14 can be prevented from reaching the end face 2C of the SiC layer 2 by setting the distance X2>width X3.

Further, in the semiconductor device 1, the outer peripheral edge of the contact hole 85, which is the starting point of the distance X1, is positioned inside the end face 2C of the SiC layer 2 with respect to the outer peripheral edge of the contact hole 84, which is the starting point of the distance X2. ing. Therefore, X1>X2 holds true between the distance X1 and the distance X2. Therefore, if the distance X2 is set so as to satisfy the above-mentioned relational expression (1), the exposure of the depletion layer 14 at the end surface 2C can be prevented, and at the same time, the discharge between the adjacent anode electrodes 9 can be reliably prevented. .

Here, an example of the distance X2 will be introduced using specific numerical values. For example, when epitaxial layer 6 has an impurity concentration of 7×10 ¹⁵ cm ⁻³ and a thickness of 7 μm, the maximum applied voltage (BV) is theoretically 1450V. In this case, the depletion layer 14 theoretically extends 15.2 μm in the vertical direction of the epitaxial layer 6 . Therefore, the lateral width X3 of the depletion layer 14 is theoretically 30.4 μm. Since the distance X2 should be longer than the width X3, under this condition, the distance X2>30.4 μm.

On the other hand, when the maximum applied voltage (BV) is 1450 V, the discharge distance in the air is 550 μm, as shown in FIG. 4(a). In order to reliably prevent the discharge between the adjacent anode electrodes 9, the distance X2 should be longer than 1/2 of this discharge distance, so the distance X2>275 μm.

That is, if only the exposure of the depletion layer 14 at the end surface 2C is to be prevented, the distance X2>30.4 μm, and if the discharge between the adjacent anode electrodes 9 is to be prevented at the same time, the distance X2>275 μm. do it.

6 to 14 are diagrams for explaining configurations of semiconductor devices according to another embodiment of the present invention and a reference embodiment of the present invention, respectively. 6 to 14, parts corresponding to those shown in FIG. 2 are denoted by the same reference numerals.

A termination structure 15 is further formed in the SiC layer 2 in the semiconductor device 102 of FIG. 6 according to the second embodiment. The termination structure 15 is annularly formed along the periphery of the anode electrode 9 and straddles the inside and outside of the contact hole 84 of the first layer 81 . This termination structure 15 can adjust the degree of expansion of the depletion layer 14 (see FIG. 5) from the connection portion 93 of the anode electrode 9 . Furthermore, by adjusting the impurity concentration of the termination structure 15, the maximum applied voltage (BV) of the Schottky barrier diode can also be adjusted. Furthermore, a plurality of termination structures may be formed concentrically as in the semiconductor device 103 (third embodiment) of FIG.

In addition, in the first embodiment, the voltage relaxation layer 7 is formed so as to overlap the outer peripheral edge 83 of the second layer 82 in the thickness direction of the SiC layer 2. 4), it may be formed so as not to overlap the outer peripheral edge 83 of the second layer 82 . That is, the inner peripheral edge 71 of the voltage relaxation layer 7 may be located outside the SiC layer 2 relative to the outer peripheral edge 83 of the second layer 82 .

Further, in the first embodiment, only the first layer 81 is formed on the entire surface 2A of the SiC layer 2, but the first layer 81 is formed like the semiconductor device 105 (first reference embodiment) of FIG. and second layer 82 may be formed over the entire surface 2A of SiC layer 2 .

10 and 11 according to the fifth and sixth embodiments, the second layer 82 selectively penetrates the first layer 81 to reach the surface 2A of the SiC layer 2. It has a convex portion 86 . Only one protrusion 86 may be formed as shown in FIG. 10, or a plurality of protrusions 86 may be formed as shown in FIG. With this configuration, even if the first layer 81 is peeled off from the end face 2</b>C of the SiC layer 2 , the peeling can be stopped by the convex portion 86 of the second layer 82 . Therefore, the adhesion of insulating layer 8 to SiC layer 2 can be improved.

In addition, in the first embodiment, the insulating layer 8 had a multi-layered structure including the first layer 81 and the second layer 82, but the semiconductor device 108 (second reference embodiment) shown in FIG. You may have the structure which consists of a single layer like.

Further, in the first embodiment described above, the semiconductor element structure formed on the SiC layer 2 is a Schottky barrier having the SiC layer 2 and the anode electrode 9 forming a Schottky barrier between the SiC layer 2 and the SiC layer 2 . Although it has a diode structure, the semiconductor device 109 of FIG. 13 has a MIS (Metal Insulator Semiconductor) transistor structure as a semiconductor element structure.

The MIS transistor structure includes SiC layer 2 , p-type channel region 16 , n ⁺ -type source region 17 , p ⁺ -type channel contact region 18 , gate insulating film 19 and gate electrode 20 . In addition, the semiconductor device 109 has an interlayer insulating film 21 and a source electrode 22 as a surface electrode as components associated with the MIS transistor structure.

Channel region 16 is, for example, selectively formed on the surface of epitaxial layer 6 in a plurality of regions periodically and discretely arranged on SiC layer 2 . The channel regions 16 may be arranged, for example, in a matrix, zigzag, or stripe.

Source region 17 is formed in an inner region of channel region 16 . The source region 17 is selectively formed on the surface of the channel region 16 in this region. Source region 17 is formed in channel region 16 so as to be positioned inside by a predetermined distance from the interface between channel region 16 and epitaxial layer 6 . As a result, in the surface layer region of the semiconductor layer including the epitaxial layer 6 and the channel region 16, the surface portion of the channel region 16 is interposed between the source region 17 and the epitaxial layer 6. provides the channel portion 23 .

Channel contact region 18 is connected to channel region 16 through source region 17 .

Gate insulating film 19 may be made of, for example, a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film, a silicon oxynitride film, a hafnium oxide film, an alumina film, a tantalum oxide film, or the like. Gate insulating film 19 is formed to cover the surface of channel region 16 at least in channel portion 23 .

Gate electrode 20 is formed to face channel portion 23 with gate insulating film 19 interposed therebetween. Gate electrode 20 may be made of, for example, polysilicon into which impurities are implanted to reduce resistance. In this embodiment, the gate electrode 20 is formed in substantially the same pattern as the gate insulating film 19 and covers the surface of the gate insulating film 19 . This constitutes a planar gate structure.

Interlayer insulating film 21 can be formed, for example, as an extension of first layer 81 along surface 2A of SiC layer 2 . The interlayer insulating film 21 covers the upper surface and side surfaces of the gate electrode 20 and is formed in a pattern having contact holes 24 in the central region of the channel region 16 and the inner edge region of the source region 17 connected to this region.

The source electrode 22 is made of aluminum (Al) or other metal. The source electrode 22 is formed to cover the surface of the interlayer insulating film 21 and to be embedded in the contact hole 24 . Thereby, the source electrode 22 forms an ohmic contact with the source region 17 . As an example of the planar shape of the source electrode 22, for example, the modes shown in FIGS. 14A to 14C, the source electrode 22 is formed so as to cover substantially the entire surface of the semiconductor device 109. In FIG. A removal region 25 is selectively formed in a part of each source electrode 22 . A terminal electrically connected to the gate electrode 20 is formed in the removed region 25 . Specifically, gate pads 26 and 27 are formed in FIGS. 14(a) and (b), and gate fingers 28 are formed in FIG. 14(c). A portion of the source electrode 22 is exposed as a pad area 221 through the contact hole 85 of the second layer 82 of the insulating layer 8 .

This semiconductor device 109 may also include a p-type annular region 29 surrounding the MIS transistor structure in SiC layer 2 and a contact region 30 formed on the surface of annular region 29 . Annular region 29 and contact region 30 may be exposed through contact hole 84 in first layer 81 . That is, when the source electrode 22 as a surface electrode is connected at a plurality of locations on the SiC layer 2, the outermost connection portion (connection portion 222 to the contact region 30 in this embodiment) is the " It corresponds to the "connection portion with the SiC layer in the surface electrode".

In the seventh embodiment, the planar gate structure is shown as an example of the MIS transistor structure, but the MIS transistor structure may be a trench gate structure.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention can also be implemented in other forms.

For example, a configuration in which the conductivity type of each semiconductor portion of the semiconductor devices 1, 101 to 109 described above is reversed may be adopted. For example, in semiconductor device 1, the p-type portion may be n-type, and the n-type portion may be p-type.

In addition, although the voltage relaxation layer 7 must be of a conductivity type different from that of the SiC layer 2 (p-type in the above-described embodiment and reference embodiment), a portion of the same conductivity type as the SiC layer 2 is provided in its inner region. may have For example, voltage relaxation layer 7 may have an n-type region located inside from the interface between voltage relaxation layer 7 and epitaxial layer 6 by a predetermined distance. If the n-type region is formed, for example, in the configuration of FIG. 13, charge-up can be prevented when the n ⁺ -type source region 17 is formed by ion implantation.

The semiconductor device (semiconductor power device) of the present invention is, for example, an inverter circuit that constitutes a drive circuit for driving an electric motor used as a power source for electric vehicles (including hybrid vehicles), electric trains, industrial robots, and the like. can be incorporated into the power module used for It can also be incorporated into a power module used in an inverter circuit that converts power generated by solar cells, wind power generators, and other power generators (especially private power generators) to match commercial power.

Also, the features that can be gleaned from the disclosures of the foregoing embodiments can be combined with each other between different embodiments. Also, the components shown in each embodiment can be combined within the scope of the present invention.

In addition, various design changes can be made within the scope of the matters described in the claims.

In addition to the invention described in the claims, the following features can be extracted from the description of this specification and drawings.

The semiconductor device has a front surface, a back surface, and an end surface surrounding the front surface and the back surface, a SiC layer of a first conductivity type in which a semiconductor element structure is formed, and an end portion of the front surface of the SiC layer. a voltage relaxation layer of a second conductivity type formed on the SiC layer, an insulating layer formed on the SiC layer so as to cover the voltage relaxation layer, and the surface of the SiC layer passing through the insulating layer and a surface electrode having selectively exposed pad areas (section 1).

This semiconductor device comprises, for example, a first conductivity type SiC wafer having a front surface and a back surface and having a dicing region of a predetermined width for partitioning a plurality of element regions, and a semiconductor element structure is formed in each of the element regions. forming a voltage relaxation layer of a second conductivity type having a width wider than the width of the dicing region along the dicing region so as to straddle the adjacent element regions; and covering the voltage relaxation layer. a step of forming an insulating layer on the SiC wafer; and selecting a portion thereof as a pad area so as to be connected to the surface of the SiC wafer through the insulating layer for each of the element regions. and applying a maximum applied voltage (BV) that generates a potential difference of 1000 V or more between the surface electrode of one element region and the SiC wafer, measuring electrical characteristics of the semiconductor element structure in the element region; and singulating the SiC wafer into a plurality of semiconductor devices by cutting the SiC wafer along the dicing region. It can be manufactured by the method of manufacturing a semiconductor device (item 20).

When measuring the electrical characteristics of the semiconductor element structure, in order not to generate discharge between the dicing region and the surface electrode, the discharge starting voltage V between the dicing region and the surface electrode is higher than the maximum applied voltage (BV) (≧1000 V). must be a value. The maximum applied voltage (BV) represents the voltage (Breakdown Voltage: BV) at which the semiconductor device structure causes an avalanche breakdown. BV) is produced. On the other hand, the discharge start voltage V represents the voltage at which an insulator such as the atmosphere existing between the dicing region and the surface electrode is destroyed and current starts to flow between the dicing region and the surface electrode. That is, as long as the relationship of discharge start voltage V>maximum applied voltage (BV) is satisfied, the insulating state between the dicing region and the surface electrode is maintained.

Therefore, according to the semiconductor device, the voltage relaxation layer is formed along the dicing region, and the voltage relaxation layer is covered with the insulating layer. Therefore, when measuring the electrical characteristics of the semiconductor device structure, the maximum applied voltage (BV) can be relaxed in two stages, the insulating layer and the voltage relaxation layer. This makes it possible to lighten the burden of the voltage applied to the atmosphere between the dicing region and the surface electrode. In other words, the voltage applied between the dicing region and the surface electrode can be shared by the atmosphere, the insulating layer, and the voltage relaxation layer. > maximum applied voltage (BV) relationship can be maintained.

Here, based on Paschen's law, the firing voltage V between the two electrodes is a function of the product of the gas pressure P and the distance between the electrodes (in the semiconductor device, the distance X1 from the end of the pad area to the dicing area). (V=f(P·X1)). According to the semiconductor device, the discharge start voltage V in the atmosphere can be made lower than in the conventional device. X1 can be shortened.

Therefore, if the size (chip size) of the semiconductor device is the same as the conventional one, the outer edge of the pad area can be extended to the end surface side of the SiC layer, so the pad area of the surface electrode can be made wider than the conventional one. can be done. On the other hand, if the pad area of the surface electrode is made the same size as the conventional one, the end face of the SiC layer can be shrunk toward the pad area, so the number of semiconductor devices (the number of chips) obtained from one SiC wafer can be reduced. can be increased compared to

Furthermore, even if one of the insulating layer and the voltage relaxation layer has a defect (for example, a hole due to a process failure), the defect can be covered by the other. Therefore, it is possible to effectively prevent discharge from occurring between the dicing region and the surface electrode.

Further, in the semiconductor device, the maximum applied voltage (BV) Y (≧1000 V) of the semiconductor element structure and the distance X1 from the end of the pad area to the end surface of the SiC layer are represented by the following relational expression (1): (Section 2). Regarding the manufacturing method, the step of forming the surface electrode is such that the maximum applied voltage (BV) Y (≧1000 V) of the semiconductor element structure and the distance X1 from the edge of the pad area to the dicing region satisfy the following relationship: It is preferable to include the step of setting the size of the pad area so as to satisfy formula (1) (item 21).

As described above, by providing the insulating layer and the voltage relaxation layer, at least a plurality of layers other than the atmosphere and SiC of the first conductivity type are interposed between the dicing region and the surface electrode. Interposition of these layers effectively prevents discharge between the dicing region and the surface electrode.

On the other hand, between the surface electrode of one element region and the surface electrode of the element region adjacent to the element region, the exposed pad areas are connected to each other only through the atmosphere. Therefore, if the maximum applied voltage (BV) (≧1000 V) exceeds the discharge start voltage V in the air when measuring the electrical characteristics of the semiconductor device structure, there is a risk that discharge will occur between the adjacent surface electrodes.

According to the Paschen's law function V=f(P·X1), the firing voltage V decreases as X1 decreases. That is, even though the distance X1 from the edge of the pad area to the dicing region (the edge surface of the SiC layer) can be shortened as a result of the semiconductor device, the discharge firing voltage between the surface electrodes connected only via the atmosphere V is also lowered. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent discharge between the surface electrodes by preventing the maximum applied voltage (BV) from exceeding the discharge start voltage V in the atmosphere while keeping the distance X1 as short as possible.

Therefore, in this configuration, by satisfying the above relational expression (1), the distance X1 from the end of the pad area to the dicing region (the end surface of the SiC layer) can be shortened compared to the conventional art, while the discharge between the adjacent surface electrodes can be achieved. can be reliably prevented.

Further, in the semiconductor device, the distance X2 from the end of the connection portion with the SiC layer of the surface electrode to the end face of the SiC layer is the above-described distance X2 when the maximum applied voltage (BV) is applied to the semiconductor element structure. It is preferably longer than the width of the depletion layer extending laterally along the surface of the SiC layer from the connection portion (item 3). Regarding the manufacturing method, in the step of forming the surface electrode, the distance X2 from the end of the connection portion of the surface electrode to the SiC wafer to the dicing region is such that the maximum applied voltage (BV) is applied to the semiconductor element structure. setting the relative position of the connecting portion with respect to the dicing region so as to be longer than the width of a depletion layer laterally extending along the surface of the SiC wafer from the connecting portion when the (Section 22).

With this configuration, in the semiconductor devices that are cut one by one, the depletion layer that spreads laterally from the connection portion with the SiC layer in the surface electrode can be prevented from reaching the end surface of the SiC layer.

In addition, it is preferable that the semiconductor device further includes a termination structure of the second conductivity type, which is annularly formed along the periphery of the surface electrode in the SiC layer (item 4).

With this configuration, it is possible to adjust the degree of spread of the depletion layer from the connection portion with the SiC layer in the surface electrode. Furthermore, the maximum applied voltage (BV) of the semiconductor device structure can also be adjusted by adjusting the impurity concentration of the termination structure. In this case, a plurality of the termination structures may be formed concentrically (item 5).

Further, in the semiconductor device, it is preferable that the insulating layer has a structure composed of a plurality of layers including a first layer and a second layer laminated in order from the SiC layer (item 6). With this configuration, the type of insulating layer can be changed in various ways according to the magnitude of the maximum applied voltage (BV) required for the semiconductor device structure.

Further, in the semiconductor device, the first layer is formed on the entire surface of the SiC layer, and the second layer is formed on the end portion of the surface of the SiC layer in the first layer. and has an outer peripheral edge recessed inside the SiC layer with respect to the end surface of the SiC layer (item 7). In this case, the voltage relaxation layer may be formed so as to overlap the outer peripheral edge of the second layer in the thickness direction of the SiC layer (item 8), or the outer peripheral edge of the second layer may be formed so as not to overlap with (Item 9).

Further, in the semiconductor device, it is preferable that the second layer includes a protrusion that selectively penetrates the first layer and reaches the surface of the SiC layer (item 10). In this case, a plurality of protrusions may be formed on the second layer (item 11).

With this configuration, even if the first layer is peeled off from the end surface of the SiC layer, the peeling can be stopped by the convex portion of the second layer. Therefore, the adhesion of the insulating layer to the SiC layer can be improved.

Further, in the semiconductor device, both the first layer and the second layer may be formed on the entire surface of the SiC layer (item 12).

Further, in the semiconductor device, the first layer includes silicon oxide (SiO ₂ ) having a thickness of 1 μm or more, polyimide having a thickness of 0.2 μm or more, and silicon nitride (SiN) having a thickness of 1 μm or more. (Items 13 to 15).

Further, in the semiconductor device, the insulating layer may have a single layer structure (item 16).

Further, in the semiconductor device, the semiconductor element structure may include a Schottky barrier diode structure formed by using a material that forms a Schottky barrier between the surface electrode and the SiC layer ( Item 17). Further, the semiconductor element structure includes a second conductivity type channel region selectively formed in the SiC layer, a first conductivity type source region formed in contact with the channel region, and a and a gate electrode facing the channel region via the gate insulating film (item 18).

Further, in the semiconductor device, the SiC layer includes a SiC substrate and a SiC epitaxial layer formed on the SiC substrate, and the SiC epitaxial layer has an impurity concentration of 1×10 ¹⁶ cm ⁻³ or less and a thickness of 5 μm. You may have thickness more than.

Further, in the method for manufacturing a semiconductor device, the step of measuring the breakdown voltage of the semiconductor element structure is preferably performed under a pressure of 720 Torr to 1520 Torr (Item 23).

According to the Paschen's law function V=f(P·X1), as the gas pressure P increases, the firing voltage V also increases. Therefore, the distance X1 from the end of the pad area to the dicing region (the end face of the SiC layer) can be further shortened by setting the gas pressure P at the time of measuring the electrical characteristics within the above range.

1 semiconductor device 2 SiC wafer (SiC layer)
2A Front surface 2B Back surface 2C End surface 3 Element region 4 Dicing region 5 Substrate 6 Epitaxial layer 7 Voltage relaxation layer 8 Insulating layer 81 First layer 82 Second layer 83 Peripheral edge 86 Projection 9 Anode electrode 93 Connection portion 95 Pad area 14 Depletion layer 15 termination structure 16 channel region 17 source region 19 gate insulating film 20 gate electrode 22 source electrode 221 pad area 222 connection portion 102 semiconductor device 103 semiconductor device 104 semiconductor device 105 semiconductor device 106 semiconductor device 107 semiconductor device 108 semiconductor device 109 semiconductor device

Claims (16)

a first conductivity type SiC semiconductor layer having a front surface, a back surface, and end surfaces connected to the front surface and the back surface, and having a semiconductor element structure formed on the front surface side;
a first insulating layer formed on the surface side of the SiC semiconductor layer;
a lower end portion penetrating a portion of the first insulating layer and connected to the surface of the SiC semiconductor layer; and a lead portion projecting upward from the first insulating layer and extending laterally on the first insulating layer. a surface electrode having
a second insulating layer covering a portion of the surface electrode so as to have an opening exposing a portion of the surface electrode;
a back surface electrode formed on the back surface of the SiC semiconductor layer,
The semiconductor device, wherein the second insulating layer extends to the end surface of the SiC semiconductor layer and is flush with the end surface. 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein said second insulating layer has a portion that selectively penetrates said first insulating layer and contacts said SiC semiconductor layer. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein said second insulating layer has a plurality of portions in contact with said SiC semiconductor layer. 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein said first insulating layer is made of silicon oxide ( _SiO2 ), and said second insulating layer is made of polyimide. 5. The semiconductor device according to claim 4, wherein said silicon oxide ( _SiO2 ) has a thickness of 1 [mu]m or more, and said polyimide has a thickness of 0.2 [mu]m or more. 6. The semiconductor device structure according to claim 1, wherein said surface electrode includes a Schottky barrier diode structure formed by forming a Schottky barrier between said surface electrode and said SiC semiconductor layer. The semiconductor device according to . 7. The semiconductor device according to claim 6, wherein said surface electrode contains either Ti (titanium) or Al (aluminum) as a material forming said Schottky barrier. 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising a second conductivity type voltage relaxation layer formed on said surface side of said first conductivity type SiC semiconductor layer. 9. The semiconductor device according to claim 8, wherein the voltage relaxation layer has a depth of 1000 Å to 10000 Å. The SiC semiconductor layer has a SiC epitaxial layer with a thickness of 5 μm or more formed on a SiC substrate,
10. The semiconductor device according to claim 8, wherein said voltage relaxation layer is formed within said SiC epitaxial layer. 11. The semiconductor device according to claim 10, wherein said SiC epitaxial layer has a first conductivity type impurity concentration of 1×10 ¹⁶ cm ⁻³ or less. 12. The semiconductor device according to claim 10, wherein a concentration of first conductivity type impurities contained in said SiC substrate is relatively higher than a concentration of first conductivity type impurities contained in said SiC epitaxial layer. The distance X1 (μm) from the edge of the opening of the second insulating layer to the end surface of the first conductivity type SiC semiconductor layer is the distance between the surface electrode and the first conductivity type SiC semiconductor layer. The semiconductor according to any one of claims 1 to 12, which satisfies the following relational expression (1) when a potential difference of 1000 V or more, which is the maximum applied voltage (BV) Y of the semiconductor device structure, is generated. Device.

The semiconductor device structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the semiconductor element structure includes a MIS transistor structure (Metal Insulator Semiconductor) having a source electrode in ohmic contact with a source region formed in the SiC semiconductor layer as the surface electrode. The semiconductor device described. 15. The semiconductor device according to claim 14, wherein said MIS transistor structure further includes a p-type annular region surrounding the MIS transistor structure. a first conductivity type SiC semiconductor layer having a front surface, a back surface, and an end surface surrounding the front surface and the back surface, and having a semiconductor element structure formed on the front surface side;
a first insulating layer formed on the surface side of the SiC semiconductor layer;
a surface electrode connected to the surface of the SiC semiconductor layer through the first insulating layer;
a second insulating layer covering a portion of the surface electrode and extending to the end surface of the SiC semiconductor layer so as to have an opening exposing a portion of the surface electrode;
a back surface electrode formed on the back surface of the SiC semiconductor layer,
The semiconductor element structure is a Schottky barrier diode structure formed by making the surface electrode made of a material that forms a Schottky barrier with the SiC semiconductor layer, or an MIS transistor structure having a source electrode as the surface electrode. including
The distance X1 (μm) from the end of the opening of the second insulating layer to the end surface of the SiC semiconductor layer is the maximum applied voltage (BV) of the semiconductor element structure between the surface electrode and the SiC semiconductor layer. A semiconductor device having a value that satisfies the following relational expression (1) when a potential difference of Y of 1000 V or more is generated.

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