JP2022114360A - airtight terminal - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide an airtight terminal that, even if a ceramic ring and a sleeve and a conductor and the sleeve are connected by using brazing material, reduces the likelihood of the occurrence of cracks in the ceramic ring and the sleeve after the joining.SOLUTION: An airtight terminal 1 according to the present disclosure includes: a columnar conductor 11; a metal ring 12 located coaxially with the conductor; an insulating ring 13 located coaxially with the conductor; a flange 14 installed on the insulating ring and partitioning the columnar conductor into two areas; a first fixing member 15 for fixing the insulating ring to the conductor; and a second fixing member 16 for fixing the insulating ring to the flange. The metal ring, first fixing member, and second fixing member are formed of carbon steel, low alloy steel, tool steel, stainless steel, iron, copper, copper alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, molybdenum, or molybdenum alloy. The metal ring and first fixing member are connected with each other, and the insulating ring is fixed to the conductor while separated from the metal ring.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present disclosure relates to hermetic terminals.

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, an airtight terminal using a ceramic ring that can be electrically insulated from a power supply system is used in a part of a high-vacuum pumping system used in particle accelerators, nuclear fusion devices, and the like. For example, Patent Literature 1 discloses such a ceramic ring.

Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 59-47916

When the ceramic ring is fixed to the conductor via the sleeve while the Kovar ring is in contact with one side of the ceramic ring, connecting the ceramic ring and the sleeve to the conductor and the sleeve using a brazing material results in Cracks may occur in ceramic rings and sleeves after joining. In particular, when the conductor becomes a heavy object, the occurrence of cracks is remarkable.

An airtight terminal according to the present disclosure includes a columnar conductor, a metal ring coaxial with the conductor, an insulating ring coaxial with the conductor, and installed on the insulating ring to divide the columnar conductor into two regions. A defining flange, a first securing member for securing the insulating ring to the conductor, and a second securing member for securing the insulating ring to the flange. The metal ring, the first fixing member and the second fixing member are made of carbon steel, low alloy steel, tool steel, stainless steel, iron, copper, copper alloys, titanium or titanium alloys, molybdenum or molybdenum alloys. A metal ring and a first fixing member are connected, and an insulating ring is spaced from the metal ring and fixed to the conductor.

In the airtight terminal according to the present disclosure, even if the first fixing member and the second fixing member are respectively joined to the insulating ring with brazing material, the stress remaining on the surface layer portion of the insulating ring on the side of the second fixing member is reduced. As a result, cracks are less likely to occur in the insulating ring, the first fixing member, and the second fixing member.

1 is a perspective view of an airtight terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; FIG. FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing a cross section taken along line XX shown in FIG. 1; 4 shows a modification of the second fixing member included in the airtight terminal according to the embodiment of the present disclosure; FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a metal ring included in the airtight terminal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;

An airtight terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described based on FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG. A hermetic terminal 1 according to one embodiment shown in FIG.

The conductor 11 included in the airtight terminal 1 according to one embodiment has a columnar shape, and the size and shape are not limited as long as it is columnar. As shown in FIG. 1, the conductor 11 may have a shape that includes a columnar portion and a square columnar (plate-like) portion. The size of the conductor 11 may be appropriately set according to the device provided with the airtight terminal 1 or the like. When the conductor 11 has a shape in which a columnar portion and a square columnar (plate-like) portion are connected in the axial direction, for example, the length (total length) is about 200 mm to 300 mm, and the outer diameter of the columnar portion is 90 mm to 90 mm. It is about 110 mm, and the width of the square columnar (plate-like) portion is about 80 mm to 88 mm. The conductor 11 is made of, for example, copper such as oxygen-free copper, tough pitch copper, phosphorus-deoxidized copper, or a copper alloy.

A metal ring 12 included in the airtight terminal 1 according to one embodiment is provided so as to be positioned coaxially with the conductor 11 . The metal ring 12 is made of carbon steel, low alloy steel, tool steel, stainless steel, iron, copper, copper alloys, titanium, titanium alloys, molybdenum or molybdenum alloys. These metals forming the metal ring 12 have an average linear expansion coefficient at 30° C. to 400° C. that is equal to the average linear expansion coefficient of copper or copper alloy that constitutes the conductor 11, or the average linear expansion coefficient of copper or copper alloy Therefore, when the metal ring 12 is heat-bonded to the conductor 11 with a brazing material, which will be described later, airtight reliability can be improved without creating a gap between the metal ring 12 and the conductor 11. .

Carbon steel is an alloy of Fe and 0.02 to 2.14% by mass of C, containing Si, Mn, P, and S in addition to C. Examples of such carbon steel include S10C, S12C, S15C, S17C, S20C, S22C, S25C, S28C, S30C, S33C, S35C, S38C, S40C, S43C, S45C, S48C, They are S50C, S53C, S55C, S58C, S60C, S65C, S70C and S75C.
Low alloy steel contains at least one of Al, B, Co, Cr, Cu, La, Mo, Nb, Ni, Pb, Se, Te, Ti, V, W and Zr, and the content of these elements Carbon steel with a total of 5% by mass or less.
Tool steel refers to carbon tool steel specified in JIS G 4401:2009 and alloy tool steel specified in JIS G 4404:2006.
Stainless steel is an alloy of Fe and 10.5% by mass or more of Cr, with a C content of 1.2% or less. be done.
When the insulating ring 13 is made of ceramics, ceramics has the lowest average coefficient of linear expansion at 30° C. to 400° C. as compared with the above metals. Titanium or a titanium alloy is used for the metal ring 1 because the ceramics are least likely to crack when the insulating ring 13 made of ceramics is heat-bonded to the first fixing member 15 and the second fixing member 16 . is good. This is because the average coefficient of linear expansion of titanium and titanium alloys is close to the average coefficient of linear expansion of ceramics.
The metal ring 12 is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the conductor 11 with, for example, a silver brazing material (Bag-8, Bag-9, etc.).

The metal ring 12 is also connected to the first fixing member 15, as shown in FIG. When the metal ring 12 is connected to the first fixing member 15, the joint between the conductor 11 and the first fixing member 15 can be reinforced. The metal ring 12 and the first fixing member 15 may be connected, for example, by brazing, or may simply be in contact with each other.

The size of the metal ring 12 is not limited as long as the size allows the conductor 11 to be inserted. For example, the outer diameter of the metal ring 12 is 1.1 to 1.4 times the outer diameter of the conductor 11 . The thickness of the metal ring 12 is also not limited, and is, for example, about 2 mm to 4 mm.

An insulating ring 13 included in the airtight terminal 1 according to one embodiment is provided so as to be positioned coaxially with the conductor 11 . The flatness of both main surfaces 13a and 13b of the insulating ring 13 is preferably 50 μm or less. When the main surface 13a has a flatness of 50 μm or less, when a metallized layer (not shown) is formed on the main surface 13a and the first fixing member 15 and the insulating ring 13 are joined with a brazing material, the main surface 13a and A gap is less likely to occur between the first fixing member 15 and the metallized layer, and the reliability of bonding between the first fixing member 15 and the insulating ring 13 is improved. Similarly, when the main surface 13b has a flatness of 50 μm or less, when a metallized layer (not shown) is formed on the main surface 13b to join the second fixing member 16 and the insulating ring 13 with a brazing material, A gap is less likely to occur between the surface 13b and the metallized layer, and the reliability of bonding between the second fixing member 16 and the insulating ring 13 is improved.
The metallized layer contains, for example, 10% by mass to 30% by mass of manganese and the balance is molybdenum.
The parallelism of the main surface 13a with respect to the main surface 13b is preferably 0.1 mm or less. If the parallelism is 0.1 mm or less, when the conductor 11 is inserted into the space on the inner peripheral side of the insulating ring 13 and fixed, the inner peripheral surface of the insulating ring 13 contacts the outer peripheral surface of the conductor 11 and the outer peripheral surface reduce the risk of scratching the
The insulating ring 13 is not limited as long as it is made of an insulating material, such as a material having a volume resistivity of 10 ¹² Ω·m or more. Examples of substances having such insulating properties include ceramics containing aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, or silicon nitride as a main component.
Among these substances, it is preferable to use ceramics containing aluminum oxide as a main component because the primary raw material is inexpensive and the processing is easy.

The aluminum oxide crystals preferably have an average grain size of 5 μm or more and 20 μm or less. The main component in the present invention refers to a component that accounts for 80% by mass or more of the total 100% by mass of the components constituting the ceramics. Each component contained in the ceramics is identified by an X-ray diffractometer using CuKα rays, and the content of each component is determined by, for example, an ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) emission spectrometer or a fluorescent X-ray spectrometer.

When the average grain size of the aluminum oxide crystals is 5 μm or more, the area occupied by the grain boundary phase per unit area is smaller than when the grain size is less than 5 μm, thereby improving the thermal conductivity. On the other hand, when the average grain size is 20 μm or less, the area occupied by the grain boundary phase per unit area increases compared to when the average grain size exceeds 20 μm. Since the strength is increased, the reliability is improved and the mechanical strength is increased.

The grain size of aluminum oxide crystals can be determined as follows. First, the surface of the insulating ring 13 is ground to a depth of 0.6 mm in the thickness direction with a copper disk using diamond abrasive grains having an average particle size D50 of 3 μm. After that, it is polished with a tin plate using diamond abrasive grains having an average particle diameter D50 of 0.5 μm. The polished surface obtained by these polishing is heat-treated at 1480° C. until the crystal grains and the grain boundary layer become distinguishable, and is used as an observation surface. The heat treatment is performed, for example, for about 30 minutes.

The observation surface is observed with an optical microscope and photographed at a magnification of, for example, 400 times. A range having an area of 4.8747×10 2 μm in the photographed image is defined as a measurement range. By analyzing this measurement range using image analysis software (e.g., Win ROOF manufactured by Mitani Shoji Co., Ltd.), the grain size of individual crystals and the average grain size can be calculated from this grain size. .

Furthermore, in order to suppress local decrease in mechanical strength, the grain size of aluminum oxide crystals preferably has a kurtosis of 0 or more, and may be 1 or more and 8 or less. When the kurtosis of the grain size of the aluminum oxide crystal is 0 or more, the variation in the grain size is suppressed. As a result, aggregation of pores can be reduced, and shedding caused from the contours and interior of pores can be reduced. On the other hand, when the kurtosis of the grain size of the aluminum oxide crystals is 8 or less, crystals with a large grain size and crystals with a small grain size exist in an appropriate ratio, and crystals with a small grain size fill the triple points. Since it becomes such a structure, thermal conductivity improves.

Here, kurtosis is an index (statistic) that indicates how much the peak and tail of a distribution differ from a normal distribution. is 0, the distribution is normal, and if the kurtosis is less than 0, the distribution is a distribution with rounded peaks. The kurtosis of the grain size of aluminum oxide crystals can be obtained using the function Kurt provided in Excel (registered trademark, Microsot Corporation).

The insulating ring 13 is fixed to the conductor 11 via the first fixing member 15 . The first fixing member 15 is made of carbon steel, low alloy steel, tool steel, stainless steel, iron, copper, copper alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, molybdenum, or molybdenum alloy. These metals forming the first fixing member 15 have an average linear expansion coefficient at 30° C. to 400° C. that is equal to the average linear expansion coefficient of copper, copper alloy, etc. that constitute the conductor 11, or the average coefficient of thermal expansion of copper, copper alloy, etc. Lower than the coefficient of linear expansion. Further, when the insulating ring 13 is made of ceramics, even if the first fixing member 15 is heat-bonded to the conductor 11 and the insulating ring 13 with a brazing material, the first fixing member 15 and the conductor 11 cannot be connected to each other. Airtight reliability can be improved without creating a gap between the member 15 and the insulating ring 13 . Among these metals, the first fixing member has the lowest average linear expansion coefficient at 30° C. to 400° C. and the lowest possibility of cracking the ceramics when the insulating ring 13 made of ceramics is heat-bonded. 11 is preferably made of titanium or a titanium alloy.

The size of the insulating ring 13 is not limited as long as the size allows the conductor 11 to be inserted. For example, the outer diameter of the insulating ring 13 is about 1.2 to 1.5 times larger than the outer diameter of the conductor 11 . The thickness of the insulating ring 13 is also not limited, and is, for example, about 28 mm to 32 mm. The thickness of the insulating ring 13 is at least 5 times the thickness of the metal ring 12 because the stress remaining on the surface layer of the insulating ring 13 on the side of the second fixing member 16 is further reduced, so cracks are less likely to occur. It's good. In addition, the thickness of the insulating ring 13 is preferably 15 times or less as large as the thickness of the metal ring 12 in order to reduce the material cost.

An insulating ring 13 is fixed to the conductor 11 at a distance from the metal ring 12 . Since the metal ring 12 and the insulating ring 13 are separated from each other, the stress remaining on the surface layer of the insulating ring 13 on the side of the second fixing member 16 is reduced. , cracks are less likely to occur in the first fixing member 15 and the second fixing member 16 . The distance between the metal ring 12 and the insulating ring 13 is not limited, and is appropriately set according to the size of the airtight terminal 1 . A distance between the metal ring 12 and the insulating ring 13 is, for example, about 8 mm to 12 mm.

A flange 14 included in the hermetic terminal 1 according to one embodiment is placed on the insulating ring 13 and divides the conductor 11 into two regions. In the airtight terminal 1 according to one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the flange 14 divides the conductor 11 into a columnar portion and a square columnar (plate-like) portion.

The flange 14 is fixed to the insulating ring 13 via the second fixing member 16 . The second fixing member 16 is made of carbon steel, low alloy steel, tool steel, stainless steel, iron, copper, copper alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, molybdenum, or molybdenum alloy. These metals forming the second fixing member 16 have an average linear expansion coefficient at 30° C. to 400° C. that is equal to the average linear expansion coefficient of copper, copper alloy, etc. constituting the conductor 11, or the average linear expansion coefficient of copper, copper alloy, etc. Lower than the coefficient of linear expansion. Further, when the insulating ring 13 is made of ceramics, even if the second fixing member 16 is heat-bonded to the conductor 11 and the insulating ring 13 with a brazing material, there will be a gap between the second fixing member 16 and the conductor 11 and the second fixing member 16 and the second fixing member. Airtight reliability can be improved without creating a gap between the member 16 and the insulating ring 13 . Among these metals, titanium or a titanium alloy has the lowest average coefficient of linear expansion at 30° C. to 400° C. and is least likely to cause cracks in the ceramics when the insulating ring 13 made of ceramics is heated and joined. should be used.
When at least one of the metal ring 12, the first fixing member 15 and the second fixing member 16 is made of stainless steel, the stainless steel is, for example, SUS304, SUS304L, SUS304ULC, SUS310ULC or SUSXM15J1.

The size of the flange 14 is not limited as long as the size allows the conductor 11 to be inserted. For example, the outer diameter of the flange 14 is 1.5 times or more and 2.5 times or less the outer diameter of the insulating ring 13 . The thickness of the flange 14 is not limited, and is, for example, about 8 mm to 16 mm. A plurality of holes are formed in the flange 14 . This hole is a screw hole used to fix the airtight terminal 1 to the device.

A spacer 17 included in the airtight terminal 1 according to one embodiment is provided between the metal ring 12 and the first fixing member 15 . By providing the spacer 17, the holding force at the outer peripheral portion of the insulating ring 13 is increased, and the reliability of the obtained airtight terminal 1 is further improved. The spacer 17 is made of stainless steel such as SUS304, SUS304L, SUS304ULC, SUS310ULC, and SUSXM15J1. The thickness of the spacer 17 is not limited, and is, for example, approximately 6 mm to 14 mm.

A plurality of spacers 17 are provided along the circumferential direction (circumferential direction in the case of the cylindrical conductor 11). The spacers 17 are preferably provided at equal intervals in that the outer peripheral portion of the insulating ring 13 can be held relatively uniformly. As a result, the reliability of the obtained airtight terminal 1 is further improved. Furthermore, at least one of the spacers 17 may have a first groove formed on the outer peripheral surface of the spacer 17 . By forming the first groove, even if heating and cooling are repeated, thermal stress is relieved by the first groove, so the stress applied to the insulating ring 13 can be further reduced. The first groove portion is formed, for example, along the circumferential direction, and has a V-groove shape, a U-groove shape, or the like.
Similarly, as shown in FIG. 4, the metal ring 12 may have a plurality of second grooves 12a formed on the inner peripheral surface. By forming the second groove portion 12a, even if heating and cooling are repeated, thermal stress is relieved by the second groove portion 12a, so the stress applied to the metal ring 12 can be further reduced. In particular, the second grooves 12a are preferably positioned at equal intervals along the inner peripheral surface, and the number of the second grooves is, for example, 3 or more and 20 or less.
The shape of the second groove portion 12a is, for example, rectangular as shown in FIG. 4(a) and semicircular as shown in FIG. 4(b).

The hermetic terminal according to the present disclosure is not limited to the one embodiment described above. For example, the hermetic terminal 1 described above includes a spacer 17 . However, the hermetic terminal according to the present disclosure may not include spacers 17 . The spacer 17 is a member used to further improve the effect of the airtight terminal according to the present disclosure.

In the airtight terminal according to the present disclosure, at least one of the first fixing member 15 and the second fixing member 16 may consist of a sleeve having a bent portion. With such a configuration, the stress around the bent portions of the first fixing member 15 and the second fixing member 16 is further reduced, and cracks are less likely to occur. The radius of the inner diameter of the bent portion is not limited, and is preferably 2 mm or more and may be 4 mm or less in consideration of a better stress reduction effect.
In particular, as shown in FIG. 2, the first fixing member 15 is preferably a sleeve having three bends. With such a configuration, the first fixing member 15 can use the main surface of the insulating ring 13 on the metal ring 12 side and the outer peripheral surface of the conductor 11 as joint surfaces. If these are joint surfaces, the joint area can be easily increased, and the airtight reliability can be further improved.
As shown in FIG. 2, the second fixing member 16 is formed of a sleeve having a bent portion. It is good to be installed between the main surfaces. With such a configuration, the second fixing member 16 can use the principal surface of the insulating ring 13 on the flange 14 side and the principal surface of the flange 14 on the insulating ring 13 side as joint surfaces. If these are joint surfaces, the joint area can be easily increased, and the airtight reliability can be further improved. Furthermore, even if a high pressure is applied to the flange 14 from the opposite side of the insulating ring 13, sufficient durability can be maintained.

Furthermore, in the airtight terminal according to the present disclosure, the distances L1 and L2 from the axial center of the conductor 11 to the tip surfaces 15a and 16a of the first fixing member 15 and the second fixing member 16 are the same as shown in FIG. There may be, or they may be different as shown in FIG. The distances L1 and L2 from the axial center of the conductor 11 to the distal end surfaces 15a and 16a of the first fixing member 15 and the second fixing member 16, respectively, are determined in order to prevent cracks from occurring in the insulating ring 13 along the axial direction. 3 should be different. For example, even if the insulating ring 13 is pulled in the axial direction due to contraction of the brazing material due to a temperature drop in the joining process of the brazing material, the tensile stress can be suppressed. A difference δ between the distances L1 and L2 from the axial center of the conductor 11 to the tip surfaces 15a and 16a of the first fixing member 15 and the second fixing member 16 is, for example, 3 mm or more and 6 mm or less.

In the airtight terminal 1 described above, the conductor 11 has a shape having a columnar portion and a square columnar (plate-like) portion. However, in the airtight terminal according to the present disclosure, the shape of the conductor is not limited as long as it is columnar. The shape of the conductor may be appropriately designed according to the device having the airtight terminal.

1 Airtight Terminal 11 Conductor 12 Metal Ring 13 Insulation Ring 14 Flange 15 First Fixing Member 16 Second Fixing Member 17 Spacer

Claims (12)

a columnar conductor;
a metal ring positioned coaxially with the conductor;
an insulating ring positioned coaxially with the conductor;
a flange mounted on the insulating ring and dividing the columnar conductor into two regions;
a first fixing member for fixing the insulating ring to the conductor;
a second fixing member for fixing the insulating ring to the flange;
including
The metal ring, the first fixing member and the second fixing member are made of carbon steel, low alloy steel, tool steel, stainless steel, iron, copper, copper alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, molybdenum or molybde alloy. cage,
the metal ring and the first fixing member are connected,
A hermetic terminal, wherein said insulating ring is fixed to said conductor spaced apart from said metal ring. 2. The airtight terminal according to claim 1, wherein the insulating ring has a thickness of 5 times or more and 15 times or less than the thickness of the metal ring. 3. The airtight terminal according to claim 1, wherein at least one of said first fixing member and said second fixing member comprises a sleeve having a bent portion, and either bent portion has an inner radius of 2 mm or more. 4. The airtight terminal according to claim 1, wherein said first fixing member comprises a sleeve having three bent portions. The second fixing member comprises a sleeve having a bent portion, and a part of the sleeve is installed between the main surface of the insulating ring on the flange side and the main surface of the flange on the insulating ring side. The airtight terminal according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising: The airtight terminal according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein distances from the axial center of the conductor to the tip end surfaces of the first fixing member and the second fixing member are different. 7. The airtight terminal according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of spacers are provided along the circumferential direction between said metal ring and said first fixing member. 8. An airtight terminal according to claim 7, wherein said spacers are arranged at regular intervals. 9. The airtight terminal according to claim 7, wherein at least one of said spacers has a first groove formed on an outer peripheral surface thereof. The airtight terminal according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the metal ring has a plurality of second grooves formed on its inner peripheral surface. The airtight terminal according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the insulating ring contains ceramics containing aluminum oxide as a main component, and the aluminum oxide crystals have an average grain size of 5 µm or more and 20 µm or less. 12. The airtight terminal according to claim 11, wherein the grain size of the aluminum oxide crystal has a kurtosis of 0 or more.

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