JP2022109381A - Damage measurement system, multi-sensor, and damage measurement method - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a new technique for quantitatively grasping damages applied to a building by an earthquake.SOLUTION: A sensor unit having a first sensor for measuring a vertical height and a second sensor for measuring a horizontal position is installed in a building. An information processing unit calculates damage information obtained by digitizing damages applied to the building by an earthquake on the basis of height information of an installation place of the sensor unit acquired from measurement data of the first sensor and horizontal displacement information of the installation place of the sensor unit acquired from the measurement data of the second sensor.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a technique for quantitatively grasping the damage that a building has received due to an earthquake.

In the event that a building is damaged by an earthquake, there are systems under which public support can be received, such as the provision of support funds and subsidies for repair work, and the provision of temporary housing. With this type of public support, it is common to decide whether or not to provide support and the content of the support based on the degree of damage to the building and the causal relationship between the earthquake and the damage. However, it is difficult to objectively certify the degree of damage to buildings caused by an earthquake and the causal relationship between them. As a result, it takes a considerable amount of time before public support is provided, and the actual situation is that recognition is unfair.

In Patent Document 1, vibration sensors are installed on the upper surface of the structure layer and on the ground surface in the vicinity of the structure to measure vibration data, and (b) the vibration data recorded on the upper surface of the structure layer Based on the spectral ratio between the vibration data and the vibration data recorded on the ground surface in the vicinity of the structure, a transfer function of the vibration of the upper surface of the layer of the structure is estimated, and the upper surface of the layer of the structure is obtained. (c) based on the dominant vibration frequency and amplification factor of the vibration of the upper surface of the layer of the structure and the height of the layer of the structure, deformation of the layer of the structure; (d) Multiplying the earthquake damage risk index by an assumed seismic acceleration to obtain the maximum shear strain amount that occurs in the layers of the structure during an earthquake, thereby determining the earthquake damage risk of the structure. A method for determining degree is disclosed.

JP-A-9-105665

Patent Literature 1 proposes a technique for estimating earthquake damage from vibration data measured by two vibration sensors. However, the method of estimating the characteristics of the building and the ground (transfer function, dominant frequency, amplification factor, etc.) and estimating the magnitude of the shaking (distortion) of the building from the estimated characteristics is a method that repeats estimations. However, it is difficult to accurately determine the degree of damage caused by an earthquake, and it is not possible to obtain highly reliable determination results. In addition, it is necessary to determine the installation position of each of the two vibration sensors in consideration of the transmission characteristics of the vibration of the building, and there is also the problem of low usability.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a novel technique for quantitatively grasping the damage received by a building due to an earthquake.

The present disclosure includes a sensor unit installed in a building, and an information processing unit that calculates damage information that quantifies the damage received by the building due to an earthquake based on data obtained from the sensor unit. system, wherein the sensor unit includes a first sensor for measuring vertical height and a second sensor for measuring horizontal position; Based on the height information of the installation location of the sensor unit obtained from the measurement data of the sensor and the horizontal displacement information of the installation location of the sensor unit obtained from the measurement data of the second sensor, the damage is determined. It includes a damage measurement system characterized by computing information.

According to such a configuration, it is possible to automatically collect the damage received by the building. Therefore, it is possible to easily provide the information requester with objective and quantitative data such as information on the damage to the building due to the earthquake and information on the damage accumulated in the building for many years.

The first sensor may be an absolute pressure sensor, a GPS sensor, or a ranging sensor. The second sensor may be an acceleration sensor or a GPS sensor.

The information processing unit may calculate the damage information based on time-series data obtained from the sensor unit. The damage information may include information on interlayer displacement of the building. The damage information may include information on energy of shaking of the building.

The storage unit may further include a storage unit that stores damage history information that associates the date and time when the building received damage with the damage information. An information output unit may be further provided for processing the damage history information of the building stored in the storage unit into information in a predetermined format and outputting the information. The information in the predetermined format may include information indicating the degree of earthquake damage to the building. The information in the predetermined format may include information indicating the degree of deterioration of the building over time, taking into account damage suffered by the building from an earthquake.

The present disclosure is a multi-sensor installed in a building, comprising a first sensor that measures vertical height, a second sensor that measures horizontal position, and measurement data of the first sensor. and the horizontal displacement information of the installation location of the multisensor obtained from the measurement data of the second sensor. and a communication unit that transmits data to an information processing unit that calculates damage information that quantifies the damage received.

The present disclosure provides a sensor unit installed in a building, the sensor unit comprising a first sensor for measuring vertical height and a second sensor for measuring horizontal position. obtaining the measurement data of the sensor and the measurement data of the second sensor, the height information of the installation location of the sensor unit obtained from the measurement data of the first sensor, and the measurement of the second sensor and calculating damage information that quantifies the damage received by the building due to an earthquake based on horizontal displacement information of the installation location of the sensor unit obtained from data. Including measurement method.

The present invention may be regarded as a damage measurement system having at least part of the above means, or may be regarded as a sensor unit (multi-sensor) or a server constituting the damage measurement system. The present invention can also be regarded as a damage measurement method including at least part of the above processing, a program for realizing such a method, or a recording medium recording the program. It should be noted that each of the means and processes described above can be combined with each other as much as possible to constitute the present invention.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a new technology for quantitatively grasping the damage that buildings received due to an earthquake.

FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing the overall configuration of the damage measurement system. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a sensor unit. 3A to 3C are diagrams showing installation examples of the sensor unit. FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a server. FIG. 5 is a flow chart showing the processing flow of the sensor unit. FIG. 6 is a flow chart showing the processing flow of the server. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of damage history information. 8A and 8B are diagrams showing examples of information output.

<Application example>
One application example of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

A damage measurement system 1 is generally configured with a sensor unit 10 and a server 11 . A sensor unit 10 is installed in a building 12 to be measured, and can communicate with a server 11 via a wide area network such as the Internet. The sensor unit 10 has at least a first sensor 101 for measuring vertical height and a second sensor 102 for measuring horizontal position. A plurality of sensor units 10 may be installed for one building 12 .

The server 11 is a so-called cloud server, and has functions such as collecting data from the sensor units 10 and calculating, accumulating, and managing damage information of the building 12 . The server 11 also has a function of appropriately processing the damage information of the building 12 and providing it to the terminal 13 and the database 14 of the information requester. The information requester is, for example, the owner of the building 12, the administration or organization that provides public support to disaster victims, real estate agents, and the like.

According to the damage measurement system 1 as described above, the damage received by the building 12 can be automatically collected and accumulated by the sensor unit 10 . Therefore, it is necessary to promptly (timely) provide the information requester with objective and quantitative data such as information on the damage to the building 12 due to the earthquake and information on the damage accumulated in the building 12 over many years. can be done.

<Sensor unit>
A configuration example of the sensor unit 10 will be described with reference to FIG.

The sensor unit 10 has a structure in which a plurality of types of sensors are built in one housing 100, and is a device capable of measuring a plurality of types of physical quantities by itself. A device with such a structure is also called a multisensor.

The sensor unit 10 of this embodiment roughly includes a first sensor 101 for measuring vertical height, a second sensor 102 for measuring horizontal position, a communication unit 103, and a control unit 104. have.

The first sensor 101 is a sensor for measuring the height (height from the ground surface) of the location where the sensor unit 10 is installed, and uses, for example, an absolute pressure sensor, a GPS sensor, a ranging sensor, or the like. In this embodiment, an absolute pressure sensor is used. An absolute pressure sensor is, for example, a sensor that measures atmospheric pressure with a MEMS chip and obtains height information from the ground surface based on the difference from the atmospheric pressure on the ground surface. Strictly speaking, the atmospheric pressure on the ground surface is the atmospheric pressure at the altitude of the installation surface of the building 12 itself, but it may be simply regarded as the standard atmospheric pressure (1 atm). Alternatively, the standard atmospheric pressure may be preset in the sensor unit 10 as a default value, and the set value may be changed according to the altitude of the installation surface of the building 12 . For example, before attaching the sensor unit 10 to the building 12, the sensor unit 10 is placed on the installation surface of the building 12, and an absolute pressure sensor is used for measurement, and the measured value at that time is set as the atmospheric pressure on the ground surface. The sensor unit 10 may have such a calibration function (learning function). Absolute pressure sensors have the advantage of being small and capable of highly accurate measurement. In the case of a distance sensor, it is necessary to measure the distance from the sensor to a predetermined height reference plane (such as the ground surface), which imposes restrictions on the installation of the sensor. There is also the advantage that there is a high degree of freedom in installation.

The second sensor 102 is a sensor for measuring horizontal displacement of the installation location of the sensor unit 10, and for example, an acceleration sensor, a GPS sensor, or the like is used. In this embodiment, an acceleration sensor is used. The acceleration sensor is, for example, a triaxial acceleration sensor that measures acceleration in three directions of x, y, and z using a MEMS chip.

The control unit 104 controls each unit (the first sensor 101, the second sensor 102, and the communication unit 103), performs signal processing on the outputs of the first sensor 101 and the second sensor 102, and performs other functions of the sensor unit 10. It is a circuit that executes various related processes.

A communication unit 103 is a circuit for realizing data communication with the server 11 . Although the communication system is not particularly limited, it is preferable to use the communication unit 103 of a wireless communication system in terms of ease of installation of the sensor unit 10 . For example, any wireless communication system such as Wi-Fi, WiMAX, and LTE may be used.

A power supply (not shown) may be a battery (primary battery, secondary battery, etc.) or an external power supply (AC power supply, USB power supply, etc.). For example, a structure in which a plug is provided in the housing 100 of the sensor unit 10 and the sensor unit 10 is inserted into an outlet and fixed (so-called wall plug type) may be employed. Alternatively, the sensor unit 10 may be embedded in an outlet and power may be supplied directly from AC wiring in the outlet. A configuration may be adopted in which both a battery and an external power supply are provided, and when the power supply from the external power supply is stopped, the built-in battery is used. Even if a power outage occurs due to an earthquake, damage measurement and transmission to the server 11 can be continued, so the availability of the damage measurement system 1 can be enhanced.

3A to 3C show installation examples of the sensor unit 10. FIG. For simplification of illustration, the building 12 is schematically represented by a broken rectangular parallelepiped, and the sensor unit 10 is schematically represented by a black circle.

FIG. 3A shows an example of installing one sensor unit 10 in a building 12. FIG. In the case of a single sensor unit 10, the location where the greatest shaking is expected in the structure of the building 12 (typically the top of the building 12 or its vicinity. For example, in a general two-story house If available, it should be installed on the wall surface of the second floor or in the attic, etc.). By selecting the installation location in such a manner, even a single sensor unit 10 can accurately measure the shaking of the building 12 . In the example of FIG. 3A, the sensor unit 10 is installed in one corner of the uppermost part of the building 12, and the height H1 and horizontal displacement D1 of the installation location are measured.

FIG. 3B is an example of installing two sensor units 10a and 10b at different heights of the building 12. FIG. In this case, the first sensor unit 10a is installed at a location where the greatest shaking is expected in the structure of the building 12, and the second sensor unit 10b is installed vertically below the sensor unit 10a. good. By using the height H1 and displacement D1 measured by the sensor unit 10a and the height H2 and displacement D2 measured by the sensor unit 10b, the distance between the installation location of the sensor unit 10a and the installation location of the sensor unit 10b can be determined. Since the inter-story displacement can be calculated with high accuracy, the magnitude of the shaking of the structure itself of the building 12 can be accurately grasped. Although two sensor units are illustrated in FIG. 3B, three or more sensor units may be arranged at different heights. For example, in the case of a two-story house, they may be installed on the first floor, the second floor, and in the attic.

FIG. 3C is an example of installing two sensor units 10a and 10b at the same height of the building 12. FIG. In the example of FIG. 3C, two sensor units 10a, 10b are installed at the uppermost corner of the building 12. In the example of FIG. By installing a plurality of sensor units in the same horizontal plane, it becomes possible to measure the deformation (distortion or twist) of the building 12 in the horizontal plane. That is, if the directions and magnitudes of the displacements D1 and D2 measured by the plurality of sensor units are the same, the building 12 is in a state of rolling while maintaining its shape in the horizontal plane. When the directions and magnitudes of the displacements D1 and D2 are different, as in the example of FIG. 3C, distortion and twisting occur in the horizontal plane, and the damage to the building 12 can be greater. Although two sensor units are illustrated in FIG. 3C, three or more sensors may be installed at different locations at the same height.

<server>
A configuration example of the server 11 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the functional configuration (logical configuration) of the server 11. As shown in FIG.

The server 11 has an information processing unit 110, a storage unit 111, and an information output unit 112 as main components. The information processing unit 110 provides a function of calculating, based on the data obtained from the sensor unit 10, quantified information (referred to as “damage information”) on the damage that the building 12 received due to the earthquake. The storage unit 111 provides a function of storing information (referred to as “damage history information”) that associates the date and time when the building 12 was damaged with the damage information. The information output unit 112 provides a function of processing the damage history information of the building 12 stored in the storage unit 111 into information in a predetermined format and outputting the information.

When the building 12 shakes due to the influence of an earthquake, the information processing unit 110 of the server 11 obtains the height information of the installation location of the sensor unit 10 obtained from the measurement data of the first sensor 101 and the height information of the installation location of the second sensor 102. Damage information of the building 12 is calculated based on the horizontal displacement information (that is, the amplitude of the rolling motion) of the installation location of the sensor unit 10 obtained from the measurement data, and stored together with the information identifying the building 12 and the date and time of the earthquake. Record in unit 111 . It is preferable that the storage unit 111 accumulates the damage history information of a plurality of buildings.

The information output unit 112 of the server 11 appropriately processes the damage history information accumulated in the storage unit 111 and provides the data to the terminal 13 and database 14 of the information requester.

The server 11 can be configured by, for example, a general-purpose computer system including a CPU (processor), memory, storage, communication unit, and the like. In this case, the units 110 to 112 shown in FIG. 4 are realized by loading the program stored in the storage into the memory and executing the program by the processor. The server 11 may be composed of one computer system, or may be composed of a plurality of computer systems.

<Damage measurement method>
An example of a damage measurement method by the damage measurement system 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6. FIG. FIG. 5 is an example of the processing flow of the sensor unit 10, and FIG. 6 is an example of the processing flow of the server 11. As shown in FIG. Below, as in FIG. 3B, two sensor units 10a at different heights
, 10b are installed.

At step S10 in FIG. 5, each sensor unit 10a, 10b measures the height with the first sensor 101. FIG. The control unit 104 stores the height information H1 of the sensor unit 10a and the height information H2 of the sensor unit 10b in the memory. The process of step S10 may be executed only when the sensor unit is installed, may be executed periodically (for example, once a day), or may be executed at the timing of detecting the occurrence of an earthquake (that is, after step S11). can be run with

In step S11, each sensor unit 10a, 10b monitors the occurrence of an earthquake. Specifically, the control unit 104 periodically captures the measurement data of the second sensor 102 and monitors whether the measurement value of the second sensor 102 changes. If a significant change appears in the output of the second sensor 102, it is determined that an earthquake has occurred, and the process proceeds to step S12.

In step S12, each sensor unit 10a, 10b measures the displacement by the second sensor 102. FIG. When the second sensor 102 is an acceleration sensor, acceleration information a(t) obtained from the second sensor 102 can be converted to displacement information D(t) by integrating as in the following equation. where a(t) is the acceleration at time t, V(t) is the velocity at time t, D(t) is the displacement at time t, and dt is the time step between time t and time t-1 is.
V(t)=V(t−1)+a(t)dt
D(t)=D(t−1)+V(t)dt
The control unit 104 records the displacement information D1 and D2 of each of the sensor units 10a and 10b together with a time stamp (measurement date and time information) in the memory.

In step S13, each sensor unit 10a, 10b monitors the end of the earthquake. For example, the control unit 104 determines that the earthquake has ended when the width of change in the measured value of the second sensor 102 falls within a predetermined range, and proceeds to step S14. The process of step S12 is periodically repeated until the earthquake ends. The execution cycle of step S12 may be arbitrarily designed, but it is preferable that measurements can be executed several tens to several hundred times per second.

In step S14, the data recorded by the sensor units 10a and 10b are transmitted to the server 11. FIG. At this time, all data (time-series data) recorded from the occurrence of the earthquake to the end of the earthquake may be transmitted to the server 11 , or part of the data or processed data may be transmitted to the server 11 . When transmitting data to the server 11, the control unit 104 uses identification information (such as a user ID) for identifying the building 12 or the owner of the building 12, and identification information (such as an individual number) for identifying the sensor unit. ) will also be notified.

Next, the processing of the server 11 will be described with reference to FIG. The processing of the server 11 can be broadly divided into calculation of damage information, recording of history, and output of damage information. The flow of FIG. 6 shows the former process, and this process is executed, for example, when data is received from the sensor unit.

In step S20, the information processing unit 110 receives data from each sensor unit 10a, 10b. In this embodiment, it is assumed that time-series data of displacement information D1 and D2 from the occurrence of an earthquake to the end thereof are uploaded from the sensor units 10a and 10b.

In step S21, the information processing unit 110 calculates damage information based on time-series data of displacement information. The damage information is an index that quantifies the damage that the building 12 received due to the earthquake. In the present embodiment, two indices, ie, the maximum value Dmax of the interlayer displacement and the number N of rolls equal to or greater than a predetermined swing width, are used as damage information. Both the index Dmax and the index N are indices having a positive correlation with the degree of damage to the building 12 .

When the installation height of the sensor unit 10a is H1, the displacement at time t is D1(t), the installation height of the sensor unit 10b is H2, and the displacement at time t is D2(t), the inter-layer displacement at time t is D( t) is
D(t)={D1(t)−D2(t)}/{H1−H2}
is obtained by

When the start time of the earthquake is ts and the end time of the earthquake is te, the maximum value Dmax of the inter-story displacement is obtained by the following formula. max[·] is a function that returns the maximum value.
Dmax=max[D(t)], ts≤t≤te

Assuming that the threshold value of the shake amplitude to be counted is Dth, the number of times N of lateral shakes is obtained by the following equation.
N=Σ{sgn[D(t)]}
sgn[D(t)]=1 (if D(t)>Dth)
sgn[D(t)]=0 (if D(t)≤Dth)

In step S<b>22 , the information processing unit 110 records in the storage unit 111 damage history information that associates the date and time when the building 12 was damaged with the damage information. FIG. 7 is an example of damage history information. FIG. 7 also shows an example of user information (information about the building 12 and its owner) pre-registered in the storage unit 111 . Damage history information and user information are linked by a user ID.

The information output unit 112 reads the damage history information and user information of the building 12 stored in the storage unit 111 in response to a request from an information requester, processes the information into a predetermined format, and outputs the information.

<Information output example>
8A and 8B show an example of information output by the information output unit 112. FIG.

FIG. 8A is an example of information output showing the damage suffered by building 12 due to a particular earthquake. The name of the owner, the location of the building 12, the structure of the building 12, the age of the building, the date and time of the occurrence of the earthquake, the information indicating the degree of damage caused by the earthquake (maximum value of inter-story displacement Dmax, the number of rolling times N), etc. are output. .

FIG. 8B is an example of information output showing the history of earthquakes that the building 12 has experienced. The name of the owner, the location of the building 12, the structure of the building 12, the age of the building, the history of earthquakes, the comprehensive judgment of aged deterioration, etc. are output. The comprehensive determination of deterioration over time is information indicating the degree of deterioration over time, taking into consideration the damage that the building 12 received due to an earthquake. For example, the total judgment score is calculated so as to have a positive correlation with the number of earthquakes, maximum interlayer displacement, and number of rolls.

By providing such objective and quantitative data, for example, the labor required for applying for public support for earthquake damage and investigating earthquake damage can be greatly reduced. In addition, it is possible to achieve objectivity and fairness in the certification of earthquake damage. Furthermore, since the secular deterioration (accumulated damage) of the building 12 due to the earthquake can be grasped, it can be used for evaluating the value of the building 12 itself.

<Others>
The above-described embodiment is merely an example of the configuration of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to the specific forms described above, and various modifications are possible within the technical scope of the present invention. For example, in the above embodiment, the maximum value of interlayer displacement and the number of rolls were used as damage information, but other indicators may be used as damage information. For example, the degree of distortion or twist in the horizontal plane, the degree of pitching, the period of shaking, etc. may be taken as damage information. In the above embodiment, the displacement information and height information are calculated on the sensor unit side, but the raw data output from each sensor may be sent to the server, and the displacement and height information may be calculated on the server side. . Conversely, the sensor unit side may calculate the inter-layer displacement, the number of shakes, and the like, and transmit the calculation results to the server.

<Appendix 1>
a sensor unit (10, 10a, 10b) installed in a building (12);
an information processing unit (110) for calculating, based on data obtained from the sensor units (10, 10a, 10b), damage information quantifying the damage received by the building (12) due to an earthquake;
A damage measurement system (1) comprising:
The sensor units (10, 10a, 10b) are
a first sensor (101) for measuring vertical height;
a second sensor (102) for measuring horizontal position;
including
The information processing unit (110)
Height information of installation locations of the sensor units (10, 10a, 10b) obtained from the measurement data of the first sensor (101) and the sensor unit obtained from the measurement data of the second sensor (102) A damage measurement system (1), wherein said damage information is calculated based on horizontal displacement information of said installation location of (10, 10a, 10b).

1: Damage measurement system 10, 10a, 10b: Sensor unit 11: Server 12: Building 13: Terminal 14: Database 100: Housing 101: First sensor 102: Second sensor 103: Communication unit 104: Control unit 110 : information processing unit 111: storage unit 112: information output unit

Claims (12)

a sensor unit installed in a building;
an information processing unit that calculates, based on the data obtained from the sensor unit, damage information that quantifies the damage received by the building due to an earthquake;
A damage measurement system comprising:
The sensor unit is
a first sensor that measures vertical height;
a second sensor for measuring horizontal position;
including
The information processing unit
Based on height information of the installation location of the sensor unit obtained from measurement data of the first sensor and horizontal displacement information of the installation location of the sensor unit obtained from measurement data of the second sensor to calculate the damage information. 2. The damage measurement system according to claim 1, wherein said first sensor is an absolute pressure sensor, a GPS sensor, or a ranging sensor. 3. The damage measurement system according to claim 1, wherein said second sensor is an acceleration sensor or a GPS sensor. 4. The damage measurement system according to claim 1, wherein said information processing unit calculates said damage information based on time-series data obtained from said sensor unit. 5. The damage measurement system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said damage information includes information on inter-story displacement of said building. 6. The damage measurement system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein said damage information includes information on energy of shaking of said building. 7. The damage measurement system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a storage unit that stores damage history information that associates the date and time when the building was damaged with the damage information. . 8. The damage measurement system according to claim 7, further comprising an information output unit that processes the damage history information of the building stored in the storage unit into information in a predetermined format and outputs the information. 9. The damage measurement system of claim 8, wherein the information in the predetermined format includes information indicating the degree of earthquake damage to the building. 10. The damage measurement system according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the information in the predetermined format includes information indicating the degree of deterioration over time of the building in consideration of the damage received by the building due to an earthquake. A multi-sensor installed in a building,
a first sensor that measures vertical height;
a second sensor for measuring horizontal position;
Based on the height information of the installation location of the multi-sensor obtained from the measurement data of the first sensor and the horizontal displacement information of the installation location of the multi-sensor obtained from the measurement data of the second sensor a communication unit that transmits data to an information processing unit that calculates damage information that quantifies the damage received by the building due to an earthquake;
A multi-sensor comprising: Measurement of the first sensor from a sensor unit installed in a building, the sensor unit comprising a first sensor measuring vertical height and a second sensor measuring horizontal position. obtaining data and measurement data of the second sensor;
Based on height information of the installation location of the sensor unit obtained from measurement data of the first sensor and horizontal displacement information of the installation location of the sensor unit obtained from measurement data of the second sensor a step of calculating damage information that quantifies the damage received by the building due to the earthquake;
A damage measurement method comprising:

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