JP2022107555A - DC motor - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a DC motor which can be applied as a power machine or a generator without a commutator.SOLUTION: A DC motor 1 includes: a cylindrical first magnet 10 generating a magnetic field in a radial direction with respect to a central axis from a circumferential face; four current lines 20 which extend along the central axis and are arranged to surround the circumferential face opposite a surface of the first magnet 10; a pair of cylindrical bodies 22 with conductive property, which are coaxially disposed with the central axis on both sides of the first magnet 10 and to which ends of the current lines 20 are fixed; a support shaft 30 which is inserted into holes of the first magnet 10 and the cylindrical bodies 22, fixes the first magnet 10 and rotatably supports the cylindrical bodies 22; and support bodies 24 with conductive property, which rotatably support the cylindrical bodies 22.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a DC motor applicable as a power machine or generator.

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, power is widely obtained by rotating a rotating shaft by energizing a DC motor. It is also widely known that power can be generated by applying an external force to the rotating shaft of a DC motor that is not energized to rotate the rotating shaft.

Also, conventionally, a power generator has been proposed in which a person pedals a motorcycle to rotate a pulley, and the rotation of the pulley is transmitted to a servomotor to rotate the servomotor at high speed, thereby generating electric power ( Patent document 1).

JP-A-2008-61463

By the way, a motor generally includes a commutator that alternates the direction of current flowing through the coil when the coil rotates and reverses, and brushes that are in electrical contact with the commutator. The coil is rotated by passing current through the coil through the brushes and commutator.

However, when the motor is used as a generator, the current is momentarily interrupted when the commutator changes the direction of the current flowing through the coils, which may impair the stability of power generation. For this reason, it is desirable that the motor used as the generator should have no commutator.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a DC motor that can be used as a commutator-less motor or generator.

(1) A cylindrical first magnet portion (for example, the first magnet 10) that generates a radial magnetic field from the circumferential surface with respect to the central axis;
a plurality of current lines (for example, four current lines 20) extending along the central axis and arranged to face the circumferential surface of the first magnet portion and surround the circumferential surface;
a pair of conductive cylindrical portions (e.g., cylindrical bodies 22) arranged on both sides of the first magnet portion coaxially with the central axis and to which ends of the current lines are fixed;
a support shaft (e.g., support shaft 30) inserted into the holes of the first magnet portion and the cylindrical portion to fix the first magnet portion and rotatably support the cylindrical portion;
and a pair of electrode portions (e.g., supports 24) that rotatably support the cylindrical portions.

According to the invention of (1), a magnetic field is generated in the radial direction from the circumferential surface of the first magnet portion with respect to the central axis, and current is passed through the electrode portion in the current line extending along the central axis. In this case, a radial magnetic field acts on the current line to generate a force that tends to move the current line in the circular direction. As a result, it is possible to configure a DC motor having a pair of cylindrical portions as a rotor. Moreover, since the current line can be rotated without using a commutator, it is possible to reduce the number of component parts accordingly, thereby reducing the cost. Moreover, even when a DC motor is used as a power generator, it is possible to stably generate power because there is no switching of connection terminals using a commutator.

(2) In (1),
A pair of cylindrical second magnets (e.g., second magnets 12) having holes to be inserted into the support shaft, arranged on both sides of the first magnet and fixed to the support shaft further prepared,
The magnetic pole (for example, N pole) of the end surface of the second magnet portion opposite to the end surface facing the first magnet portion is the magnetic pole (for example, N pole) of the circumferential surface of the first magnet portion. is the same as
an end of the current line has a bent portion toward the central axis,
2. The DC motor according to claim 1, wherein the bent portion faces the opposite end face of the second magnet portion.

According to the invention of (2), by passing a current through the current line, in addition to the current line facing the first magnet section, the current line circulates around the end of the current line facing the second magnet section. A force is generated that tends to move in a direction. This makes it possible to stably rotate the pair of cylindrical portions together with the current line. Moreover, even when a DC motor is used as a generator, it is possible to increase the amount of power generated by the magnetic field acting on the ends of the current lines.

(3) In (2),
A cylindrical first magnetic body (for example, the third magnet 40) that arranges the first magnet part inside, and a pair of cylindrical second magnetic bodies (for example, , fourth magnets 44, 44),
The cylindrical portion is rotatably inserted into a hole (for example, hole 40a) of the third magnet portion,
The bending portion is arranged between the second magnet portion and the second magnetic body,
The magnetic pole (e.g., S pole) on the inner surface of the hole in the third magnet portion is different from the magnetic pole (e.g., N pole) on the circumferential surface of the first magnet portion,
The magnetic pole (e.g., S pole) of the end surface of the second magnetic body facing the second magnet portion is different from the magnetic pole (e.g., N pole) of the end surface of the second magnet portion on the opposite side. 3. The DC motor of claim 2.

According to the invention of (3), the magnetic field acting on the current line can be strengthened, and the rotational force of the pair of cylindrical portions can be strengthened. Also, when a DC motor is used as a power generator, it is possible to increase the amount of power generation by increasing the strength of the magnetic field acting on the current line.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a direct-current motor that can be applied as a commutator-less motor or generator.

1 is a perspective view showing the appearance of a DC motor 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention; FIG. 1 is a front view showing components of a DC motor 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention; FIG. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is explanatory drawing which shows the type of usage of the DC motor 1 in 1st Embodiment of this invention. FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing the appearance of a DC motor 1 according to a second embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 5 is a front view showing components of a DC motor 1 according to a second embodiment of the invention;

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION An embodiment of a DC motor of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the appearance of a DC motor 1 according to the first embodiment of the invention, and FIG. 2 is a front view showing components of the DC motor 1 according to the first embodiment of the invention. The DC motor 1 includes a first magnet 10, a pair of second magnets 12, four current lines 20, a pair of cylindrical bodies 22, a support body 24, a support shaft 30, and a support column 32. I have.

The first magnet 10 is a cylindrical body with a hole 10a formed in the center, the outer circumferential surface (hereinafter referred to as the outer circumferential surface) is the N pole, and the inner circumferential surface ( hereinafter referred to as the inner peripheral surface) is the S pole. Therefore, a magnetic field is generated from the outer peripheral surface of the first magnet 10 toward the outside along the radial direction with respect to the central axis.

The second magnet 12 is a cylindrical body with a hole 12a formed in the center, and has an N pole on one end face and an S pole on the other end face. The first magnet 10 and the second magnet 12 have the same inner diameter and outer diameter, and the length of the second magnet 12 in the central axis direction is shorter than that of the first magnet 10 . The second magnets 12 , 12 are arranged on both sides of the first magnet 10 such that the central axis of the first magnet 10 and the central axis of the second magnets 12 , 12 are aligned. That is, the central axis of the first magnet 10 and the second magnets 12, 12 are coaxial. At this time, the end surface of the south pole of the second magnet 12 faces the end surface of the first magnet 10, and the end surface of the north pole of the second magnet 12, which is the opposite surface, faces outward. Therefore, a magnetic field directed outward along the central axis is generated from the outer end face of the second magnet 12 .

The four current lines 20 are arranged so as to face the outer peripheral surface of the first magnet 10 and surround the outer peripheral surface. According to the first embodiment, the angle between the central axis and the adjacent current lines 20, 20 is 90 degrees. Both ends of the current wire 20 are bent at 90 degrees, and the current wire 20 is formed in a U shape.

The cylindrical body 22 is made of a conductive metal, and has a hole 22a formed in the center. The cylindrical bodies 22, 22 are arranged on the sides of the second magnets 12, 12 on both sides of the first magnet 10, respectively. At this time, the central axis of the first magnet 10, the central axis of the second magnets 12, 12, and the central axes of the cylindrical bodies 22, 22 are arranged to coincide with each other. That is, the central axis of the first magnet 10 and the central axes of the second magnets 12, 12 and the cylindrical bodies 22, 22 are coaxial. The ends of the four current wires 20 are fixed to the ends of the cylindrical body 22 facing the second magnets 12 , 12 . Therefore, when the four current lines 20 are opposed to the outer peripheral surface of the first magnet 10, both ends of the current lines 20 are opposed to the end surface of the N pole of the second magnet 12 and extending radially.

The supports 24 respectively support the pair of cylindrical bodies 22 and are fixed to a base (not shown). The support 24 also has a bearing portion 24a that rotatably supports the cylindrical body 22, and the bearing surface of the bearing portion 24a is conductive. Therefore, it is possible to apply current to the four current lines 20 via the bearing portions 24 a of the pair of supports 24 . That is, the pair of support members 24 function as electrodes with one bearing portion 24a serving as an anode and the other bearing portion 24a serving as a cathode. The shape of the bearing portion 24a is not limited to that shown in the drawing, and may be any shape such as a cylindrical shape, as long as the cylindrical body 22 can be rotatably supported.

The support shaft 30 is a cylindrical body and is inserted through the center holes of the first magnet 10 , the second magnets 12 , 12 and the cylindrical bodies 22 , 22 . The first magnet 10 and the second magnets 12 , 12 are fixed to the support shaft 30 , and the cylindrical bodies 22 , 22 are rotatable around the support shaft 30 . It is desirable that the support shaft 30 is inserted through the central holes of the cylindrical bodies 22, 22 in an insulated state via a member such as a bearing that reduces friction due to rotation.

The support column 32 supports the end of the support shaft 30 . Specifically, support columns 32, 32 are arranged at both ends of the support shaft 30, and the ends of the support shaft 30 are fixed. Also, the support column 32 is fixed to a base (not shown).

Next, operation of the DC motor 1 in the first embodiment will be described.
FIG. 3(a) is an explanatory diagram of a case where the DC motor 1 is used as a power source. When the DC motor 1 is used as a power source, a DC power supply 100 is connected between the supports 24,24. As a result, currents flow in the same direction from the DC power supply 100 to the four current lines 20 via the bearings 24a, 24a. When the current flows through the current line 20, the magnetic field generated by the first magnet 10 and the magnetic field generated by the second magnet 12 act in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the current. Occur. This force causes the four current lines 20 to rotate, and this rotation causes the cylindrical bodies 22, 22 to rotate, whereby the cylindrical bodies 22, 22 function as rotors. By connecting the rotation transmission gear of a predetermined device to the gear 50 attached to the cylindrical body 22, the predetermined device can be operated.

FIG. 3(b) is an explanatory diagram of a case where the DC motor 1 is used as a generator. When using the DC motor 1 as a generator, a load 101 is connected between the supports 24 , 24 . Examples of the load 101 include a rechargeable battery of a mobile terminal, an electric appliance using a DC power supply such as a radio and a flashlight, and a storage battery for charging. Next, the gear 50 attached to the cylindrical body 22 is connected to the rotation transmission gear of the external rotating body. Examples of external rotating bodies include those that use natural energy to rotate, such as windmills and watermills, and those that rotate manually, such as bicycle wheels. This allows the cylinder 22 to rotate. When the cylindrical body 22 rotates, the current wire 20 rotates and moves in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field perpendicular to the central axis, so that a direct current flows through the current wire 20 . The flow of this current to the load 101 enables the load 101 to operate.

It is desirable that the four current wires 20 have such rigidity that the U-shaped shape is not deformed when the four current wires 20 and the cylindrical body 22 rotate together. The thickness and length of the four current lines 20 can be appropriately set according to the sizes of the first magnet 10 and the second magnet 12 .

According to the first embodiment configured in this manner, since the current line 20 can be rotated without using a commutator, it is possible to reduce the number of components of the direct current motor 1, thereby reducing the cost. can be improved. Moreover, even when the DC motor 1 is used as a generator, it is possible to stably generate power because there is no need to switch connection terminals using a commutator.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the appearance of the DC motor 2 according to the second embodiment of the invention, and FIG. 5 is a front view showing components of the DC motor 2 according to the second embodiment of the invention. The DC motor 2 in the second embodiment has a third magnet 40, supports 42, 42 of the third magnet 40, fourth magnets 44, 44, and a fourth magnet 44 in addition to the DC motor 1 in the first embodiment. , 44 supports 46, 46 and . In the DC motor 2 according to the second embodiment shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the same members as those of the DC motor 1 according to the first embodiment shown in FIGS. Description is omitted. Further, in FIG. 5, the support bodies 42, 42 and the support bodies 46, 46 are omitted for easy understanding.

The third magnet 40 is a cylindrical body with a hole 40a formed in the center, and has an N pole on the outer peripheral surface and an S pole on the inner peripheral surface. The length of the third magnet 40 in the central axis direction is the same as that of the first magnet 10 , and the diameter of the hole portion 40 a is set longer than the diameter (outer diameter) of the first magnet 10 .

The supports 42, 42 are fixed to a base (not shown), and the third magnet 40 is held by the supports 42, 42 with the first magnet 10 positioned within the hole 40a. At this time, a gap is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the first magnet 10 and the inner peripheral surface of the third magnet 40, and the current line 20 is arranged in this gap. Therefore, a strong magnetic field is formed from the outer peripheral surface of the first magnet 10 toward the inner peripheral surface of the third magnet 40, and the current line 20 is perpendicular to this magnetic field and along the central axis of the first magnet 10. extend.

The fourth magnets 44, 44 are cylindrical bodies with a hole 44a or a hole 44b formed in the center, and one end face is an N pole and the other end face is an S pole. A hole 44a is formed in one of the pair of fourth magnets 44, and a hole 44b is formed in the other. The holes 44 a and 44 b are set larger than the diameter of the cylindrical body 22 . The fourth magnet 44 and the second magnet 12 have the same shape, except that the diameters of the holes 44a and 44b are larger than the diameter of the hole 12a.

The supports 46,46 are fixed to a base (not shown) and the fourth magnets 44,44 position the cylinder 22 within the holes 44a,44b and the south pole end faces of the fourth magnets 44,44. facing the end surface of the N pole of the second magnet 12 . At this time, the end of the current line 20 is arranged in the gap between the second magnet 12 and the fourth magnet 44 . As a result, a strong magnetic field is formed from the end face of the second magnet 12 toward the end face of the fourth magnet 44, and the current lines 20 are perpendicular to this magnetic field and radial to the central axis of the first magnet 10. extends to

Note that the operation of the DC motor 2 in the second embodiment is the same as the operation of the DC motor 1 in the above-described first embodiment, so description thereof will be omitted.

According to the second embodiment configured in this manner, the magnetic field acting on the current line 20 can be strengthened, and the rotational force of the pair of cylindrical bodies 22, 22 can be strengthened. Further, even when the DC motor 2 is used as a generator, it is possible to increase the amount of power generation by increasing the strength of the magnetic field acting on the current line 20 .

As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, embodiment of this invention is not restricted to embodiment mentioned above. For example, in the embodiment described above, four current lines 20 are used, but the number of current lines 20 may be three or less, or five or more.

Also, in the DC motor 1 of the first embodiment, either the first magnet 10 or the second magnet 12 can be omitted.

Also, in the DC motor 2 of the second embodiment, instead of the third magnet 40 or the fourth magnet 44, a cylindrical body made of a ferromagnetic material such as iron, nickel or cobalt may be applied. Also in this case, it is possible to increase the magnetic field strength.

When the DC motors 1 and 2 of the present embodiment are used as generators, DC current can be used by directly connecting a load to the DC motors 1 and 2. The DC motors 1 and 2 of this embodiment may be further connected to the charging device connected to the photovoltaic device, and the electric power generated by the DC motors 1 and 2 may be stored in the charging device. As a result, the power stored in the charging device can be used during a power outage due to a disaster.

1, 2 DC motor 10 First magnet 10a Hole 12 Second magnet 12a Hole 20 Current wire 22 Cylindrical body 22a Hole 24 Support 24a Bearing 30 Support shaft 32 Support column 40 Third magnet 40a Hole 42 Support 44 fourth magnets 44a, 44b hole 46 support

Claims (3)

a cylindrical first magnet portion that generates a magnetic field radially from the circumferential surface with respect to the central axis;
a plurality of current lines extending along the central axis and arranged to face the circumferential surface of the first magnet portion and surround the circumferential surface;
a pair of electrically conductive cylindrical portions arranged coaxially with the central axis on both sides of the first magnet portion and to which ends of the current lines are fixed;
a support shaft inserted into the holes of the first magnet portion and the cylindrical portion to fix the first magnet portion and rotatably support the cylindrical portion;
and a pair of electrode portions that rotatably support the cylindrical portions. further comprising a pair of cylindrical second magnet portions having holes to be inserted into the support shaft, disposed on both sides of the first magnet portion and fixed to the support shaft;
The magnetic pole of the end surface of the second magnet portion opposite to the end surface facing the first magnet portion is the same as the magnetic pole of the circumferential surface of the first magnet portion,
an end of the current line has a bent portion toward the central axis,
2. The DC motor according to claim 1, wherein the bent portion faces the opposite end face of the second magnet portion. Further comprising at least one of a cylindrical first magnetic body arranged inside the first magnet part and a pair of cylindrical second magnetic bodies arranged to face the two magnet parts,
The cylindrical portion is rotatably inserted into the hole of the first magnetic body,
The bending portion is arranged between the second magnet portion and the second magnetic body,
The magnetic pole on the inner surface of the hole in the first magnetic body is different from the magnetic pole on the circumferential surface of the first magnet part,
3. The DC motor according to claim 2, wherein the magnetic poles of the end surface of the second magnetic body facing the second magnet portion are different from the magnetic poles of the opposite end surface of the second magnet portion.

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