JP2022106643A - 生態系の人為的な構築方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
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Claims (16)
- 人工緑地に形成される生態系を構成する生物同士の共生関係を分析し、
前記生態系における最高層を構成する樹木である高層樹木と、当該高層樹木の生育に有益な共生関係を構築する関係性にある生物であって、前記人工緑地またはその近傍地の生態系に含まれる土壌微生物叢に含まれる土着微生物であり、菌根を形成せずに菌糸によって植物と共生関係を構築する非菌根性糸状菌と共生関係を構築するリード植物と、を特定し、
前記人工緑地に前記リード植物と前記高層樹木とを導入する生態系の人為的な構築方法。 - 前記リード植物は、中低層植物であり、
前記非菌根性糸状菌は、前記中低層植物および前記高層樹木の根と共生ネットワークを構築する仲介微生物であり、
前記中低層植物は、前記仲介微生物を介して前記高層樹木にとって有益な共生関係を構築する関係性にある請求項1に記載の生態系の人為的な構築人工緑地形成方法。 - 前記中低層植物を前記人工緑地に導入した後、前記仲介微生物との共生関係を人為的に構築させた高層樹木を当該人工緑地で生育させることにより、当該人工緑地に人工的な植生遷移を生じさせる請求項1または2に記載の生態系の人為的な構築方法。
- 生態系の人為的な改変を伴う生態系の人為的な構築方法であって、
改変対象の生態系である現存生態系に対して生態系サービスの経済的評価がより高い未来生態系を決定し、
前記現存生態系を前記未来生態系に変更するために前記改変予定地を改変して人為的に利用しながら所定の未来期間に渡って前記未来生態系を構築する生態系の人為的な構築方法。 - 前記改変予定地の土壌に含まれる炭素源量および土壌の生物性を測定し、当該土壌の炭素源量および生物性が、前記改変を行う前より行った後の方が増大するように改変後の当該改変予定地に炭素源を導入する請求項4に記載の生態系の人為的な構築方法。
- 前記生物性として、前記改変予定地の改変前の土壌の微生物叢を分析するとともに、当該微生物叢を構成する微生物を単離して培養し、前記土壌中で増殖可能で前記未来生態系の構築に有益な微生物の培養物を改変後の当該改変予定地に導入する請求項5に記載の生態系の人為的な構築方法。
- 前記改変予定地に再生可能エネルギー発電設備を設置する改変を行い、当該改変予定地を発電利用に供する請求項4から6のいずれかに記載の生態系の人為的な構築方法。
- 生態系の人為的な改変を伴う生態系の人為的な構築方法であって、
改変対象の生態系である現存生態系が存在している改変予定地の土壌に炭素源を導入するとともに再生可能エネルギー発電設備を設置する改変を行い、
当該改変予定地に所定の未来期間に渡って前記現存生態系とは異なる1以上のタイプの生態系である未来生態系を構築する生態系の人為的な構築方法。 - 前記改変予定地の改変前の土壌の微生物叢を分析するとともに、当該微生物叢を構成する微生物を単離して培養し、前記土壌中で増殖可能で前記未来生態系の構築に有益な微生物の培養物を改変後の当該改変予定地に導入する請求項8に記載の生態系の人為的な構築方法。
- 前記所定の未来期間は20年以上である請求項4から9のいずれにかに記載の生態系の人為的な構築方法。
- 攪乱を受けた攪乱地での生態系の人為的な構築方法であって、
攪乱地への植栽を予定する樹木である植栽樹木と友好的な共生関係を構築できる仲介微生物と共生できるリード植物を前記攪乱地に導入して当該リード植物の根圏において前記仲介微生物と共生させ、
前記リード植物を前記攪乱地に導入した後に前記植栽樹木を導入する生態系の人為的な構築方法。 - 前記植栽樹木は、前記攪乱地が位置する地域の潜在自然植生を構成する樹種である潜在植生樹種または前記攪乱地の攪乱前に当該攪乱地またはその近傍地に生育していた従来樹種から選ばれた土着性樹種の樹木であり、
前記仲介微生物は、前記攪乱地およびその近傍地のどちらか一方または両方の土壌微生物叢に含まれる糸状菌であり、前記植栽樹木または前記リード植物の根圏において当該仲介微生物と共生している状態で前記植栽樹木を前記攪乱地に導入する請求項11に記載の生態系の人為的な構築方法。 - 前記仲介微生物と前記リード植物とを含むリード植物ブロックを複数、前記攪乱地に点在させることにより前記リード植物を前記攪乱地に導入する請求項11または12に記載の生態系の人為的な構築方法。
- 前記リード植物は仲介微生物としての窒素固定菌と共生関係を構築する緑肥植物である請求項11または13に記載の生態系の人為的な構築方法。
- 前記リード植物は仲介微生物としての菌根菌と共生関係を構築する菌根菌共生樹木であり、
前記リード植物ブロックは、前記攪乱地の近傍地の自然生態系から切り出され、当該リード植物が菌根菌と共生関係を構築している自然土壌ブロックまたは当該リード植物と菌根菌との共生関係が人為的に構築された人工植物ブロックである請求項13に記載の生態系の人為的な構築方法。 - 前記攪乱地およびその近傍地のどちらか一方または両方の土壌微生物叢に含まれ、菌根を形成せずに菌糸によって植物と共生関係を構築する土着の非菌根性糸状菌を仲介微生物とし、
前記仲介微生物の培養物を含む培土で育成した前記植栽樹木を前記攪乱地に導入する請求項11から15のいずれかに記載の生態系の人為的な構築方法。
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