JP2022070777A - Lightning surge absorber, lightning surge absorbing device, and lightning surge absorption method - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a facility that reduces the energy of a lightning current in order to reduce damage caused by a lightning strike that causes a lightning current.SOLUTION: A lightning surge absorber according to the present invention includes an impedance line 8, and the impedance line 8 converts a part of the discharge energy of a lightning strike into heat energy, and a lightning surge absorbing device 100 according to the present invention includes the impedance line 8 which is the lightning surge absorber, is installed between a lightning receiving portion 9 of a building 0 and a grounding line 11, and further includes a housing 101, and the housing 101 has a closed space that can accommodate at least a part of the impedance line 8.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

The present invention relates to lightning protection equipment, and more particularly to lightning surge absorption technology capable of absorbing lightning surges in lightning surge protection equipment including lightning rods to protect buildings and electrical equipment from lightning damage.

Lightning strikes are discharge phenomena that occur in the atmosphere, and lightning discharges include intra-cloud discharge, inter-cloud discharge, and cloud-ground discharge. It is the cloud-earth discharge (hereinafter referred to as lightning strike) that causes great damage from lightning discharge. A lightning strike occurs when the electric field strength between a thundercloud (cloud base) and a structure constructed on the ground or the ground becomes extremely high, and the charge becomes critical and exceeds the dielectric breakdown strength of the atmosphere. It is a phenomenon.

In recent years, as the temperature rises (global warming), the amount of saturated water vapor in the air has increased, clouds have increased, and lightning strikes have also increased. On the other hand, if the number of electronic and electrical equipment increases and lightning current flows, it is often damaged by its side effects, and the lightning strike itself can be suppressed or the intensity of lightning current can be weakened. -It is required to reduce the impact on electrical equipment.

In a lightning strike, when a part of a structure constructed on the ground or the like becomes a lightning receiving part, an overvoltage is transiently applied to the structure, and as a result, an overcurrent is transiently generated in the structure. .. "Lightning surge", which is a general term for these series of transient phenomena, causes lightning damage such as damage to electronic devices provided in the structure.

As a countermeasure against lightning damage caused by this lightning surge, a measure of providing a lightning arrester such as a surge protection element connected to a ground wire has been conventionally adopted in the electric system of a structure. The surge protection element behaves as a non-linear element whose resistance value decreases in a situation where an overvoltage equal to or higher than a threshold value is applied, such as during a lightning strike. As a result, it is possible to take measures against lightning strikes such as bypassing the overcurrent to the ground.

In addition to this, Patent Document 1 discloses an invention relating to an overcurrent protection device. According to the present invention, the overcurrent protection device is a lightning arrester connected to a device or equipment provided in a power generation system or a substation system, a ground wire connected to the lightning arrester, and a ground wire connected to the ground wire and input to the arrester. It is a dischargeer that discharges an electric current into the ground, and is characterized by including a dischargeer having a first discharge line and a second discharge line that intersect only at a connection point to which a ground line is connected.

Conventional inventions such as the invention described in Patent Document 1 are intended to increase the potential and reduce the potential distribution of the ground to which the overcurrent generated by the lightning surge is discharged. Therefore, the conventional lightning strike countermeasures using the above-mentioned conventional invention as an example are said to absorb the lightning surge prior to the discharge to the ground by dispersing the overvoltage in the structure whose part is the lightning receiving portion. From a point of view, there is room for improvement.

JP-A-2019-149862

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a device for reducing the energy of a lightning current in order to reduce damage caused by a lightning strike that causes a lightning current.

The lightning surge absorber of the present invention includes an impedance line, which is characterized in that a part of the discharge energy of a lightning strike is converted into thermal energy.

The lightning surge absorber of the present invention includes an impedance line, is installed between a lightning receiving part of a building and a ground line, and further includes a housing, and the impedance line provides a part of the discharge energy of a lightning strike. Converted to thermal energy, the housing is characterized by having a closed space capable of accommodating at least a portion of the impedance line.

With such a configuration, the present invention can share and consume the voltage and discharge energy at the time of a lightning strike in the impedance line. Structural steel skeletons are often used as grounding wires for flowing lightning currents to the ground, and electromagnetic fields generated by lightning currents are generated inside the building and are placed around the steel skeletons for electric wires and communications. It has an electromagnetic effect on all metal wiring used inside the building, such as wiring and wiring for building management. That is, an induced current flowing in the direction opposite to the lightning current flows through these metal wirings, which causes damage to electronic and electrical equipment in the building. By converting most of the lightning current into thermal energy, the lightning current flowing through the steel frame as a grounding wire can also be reduced and its influence can be minimized.

The impedance line is characterized by including an electric resistor made of a metal heating element.

With such a configuration, the present invention can convert the discharge energy at the time of a lightning strike into heat energy and absorb the energy of the lightning surge via the metal heating element.
As a result, the present invention can prevent damage to electronic and electrical equipment inside the building.

The metal heating element is made of a Ni—Cr alloy.

With such a configuration, the present invention can realize a maximum operating temperature in the 1100 ° C. range for lightning protection.
As a result, the present invention can suitably realize the conversion of the discharge energy into the thermal energy.

The metal heating element is characterized by being made of a Fe—Cr—Al alloy.

With such a configuration, the present invention can realize a maximum operating temperature of about 1300 ° C. in lightning countermeasures.
As a result, the present invention can suitably realize the conversion of the discharge energy into the thermal energy.

The impedance line is characterized by including an electric resistor made of a non-metal heating element.

With such a configuration, the present invention can convert the discharge energy into heat energy and absorb the lightning surge via the non-metal heating element.
As a result, the present invention can prevent damage to the wind power generation equipment.

The non-metal heating element is characterized in that it is composed of ceramics containing SiC as a main component.

With such a configuration, the present invention can realize a maximum operating temperature of about 1600 ° C. in lightning countermeasures.
As a result, the present invention can suitably realize the conversion of the discharge energy into the thermal energy.

The non-metal heating element is characterized in that it is composed of a ceramic containing graphite as a main component.

With such a configuration, the present invention can adopt a member of a graphite electrode as an electric resistor as an example, and thus realizes an impedance line having high thermal conductivity, excellent heat resistance, and resistance to impact. can do.

The impedance line is characterized by comprising an electrical resistor in which powder is provided on an insulator.

With such a configuration, the present invention can improve the manufacturability including the maintainability of the impedance line.

The electric resistor is characterized in that the powder containing the non-linear resistor is provided on the insulator.

With such a configuration, the present invention can realize an impedance line in which the resistance value is constant in the low voltage region but the resistance value decreases when the resistance value is equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold voltage.
As a result, the present invention can improve the surge absorption characteristics of lightning strikes.

The nonlinear resistor is characterized in that it is composed of ceramics containing ZnO as a main component.

With such a configuration, the present invention can realize a nonlinear resistor having a tablel Schottky barrier at low cost and in a form excellent in manufacturability.
As a result, the present invention can realize an impedance line in which the resistance value is constant in the low voltage region but the resistance value decreases when the resistance value is equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold voltage.

The insulator is characterized by being composed of a support insulating cylinder.

With such a configuration, the present invention can construct an impedance line in which the above-mentioned electric resistor is enclosed as an aggregate of a unit structure.
As a result, the present invention can be realized in a form excellent in manufacturability so that a series-parallel circuit can be easily constructed for the impedance line.

The impedance line is characterized by comprising an element in which a coil is connected in parallel to an electric resistor.

With such a configuration, the present invention can realize an impedance line by winding a coil, which is an inductor, around an electric resistor as an example.
Further, with such a configuration, the present invention can realize an impedance line in which the electric resistance becomes dominant in the high frequency region.
As a result, the present invention can realize an impedance line having an excellent surge absorption effect in a compact form with excellent manufacturability.

The impedance line is characterized by comprising an element in which a plurality of electric resistors are adjacent to each other in a non-contact manner with a gap in between.

With such a configuration, the present invention can introduce an element including an electric resistor that conducts through a discharge gap when an excessive voltage is generated due to a lightning strike in the impedance line.
As a result, the present invention can realize an excellent surge absorption effect by introducing an electric resistor having non-linearity into the impedance line regardless of the material.

The impedance line is characterized in that the elements are connected in multiple stages in series and parallel.

With such a configuration, the present invention can improve the withstand voltage and the discharge resistance.

The housing includes a lead-in terminal and a pull-out terminal having electrical insulation inside and outside the housing, and a separator having electrical insulation inside the housing, and the separator is provided via the pull-in terminal. It is characterized in that the impedance line drawn into the housing and drawn out to the outside of the housing via the drawing terminal can be installed.

With such a configuration, it is possible to realize a lightning surge absorber in which a long lightning surge absorber is housed in one housing that is easy to handle.

The impedance line has flexibility, and the separator can be installed while the bent impedance line is shielded from each other by a part of the impedance lines that are close to each other inside the housing. It is a feature.

With such a configuration, it is possible to prevent discharge in one long lightning surge absorber that is bent and stored in one housing.

The separator is made of pottery.

With such a configuration, it is possible to deal with heat generation and discharge of the lightning surge absorber by using a separator made of a material having excellent electrical insulation and heat resistance.

The lightning surge absorbing method of the present invention is characterized in that a part of the discharge energy of a lightning strike is converted into thermal energy in an impedance line installed between a lightning receiving portion and a grounding line.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide equipment for reducing the energy of a lightning current in order to reduce the damage caused by a lightning strike that causes a lightning current.

The lightning surge absorber according to the present invention is placed on a building, a steel tower, or a structure requiring lightning resistance measures, and converts the energy of the lightning current into heat energy before the lightning current that strikes the lightning rod flows to the ground. By doing so, the purpose is to reduce the energy and reduce the electromagnetic action around the lightning rod. The element that absorbs the lightning current is housed in an explosion-proof metal box, and the surrounding area where this device is installed is structured so that it is not affected by the heat energy generated inside.

It is a schematic diagram of the building which concerns on one Embodiment. It is an external view of the lightning surge absorber which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is an inside view of the lightning surge absorber which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is an inside view of the lightning surge absorber which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is an inside view of the lightning surge absorber which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is an inside view of the lightning surge absorber which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is a schematic diagram of the lightning surge absorber which concerns on one Embodiment. It is a schematic diagram of the lightning surge absorber which concerns on one Embodiment. It is a schematic diagram of the lightning surge absorber which concerns on one Embodiment. It is a schematic diagram of the lightning surge absorber which concerns on one Embodiment.

This specification describes in detail one embodiment of the present invention below. In addition, the configuration in one embodiment of the present invention appropriately indicates not only the component that realizes the action and effect but also the step of realizing the action and effect on the component as for the action and effect realized by the component, and the present invention. One embodiment will be described.

《Lightning surge absorber》
The lightning surge absorber 100 according to one embodiment includes a lightning surge absorber including an impedance line 8.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, the lightning surge absorber 100 is installed between the lightning receiving portion 9 on the roof of the building 0 on the ground E and the grounding wire 11. At this time, the lightning surge absorber 100 may be mounted near the lightning receiving portion 9, may be mounted on the roof of the building 0, or may be housed inside the building 0, and the installation mode thereof may be, for example. There is no limit to. The building 0 according to one embodiment is not limited in its mode, and is, for example, a wind power generation facility.

The lightning surge absorber 100 according to one embodiment further includes a housing 101 in addition to the lightning surge absorber provided with the impedance line 8.

The lightning surge absorber 100 according to one embodiment may take the form of a blade constituting a wind power generation facility as an example, and the size and shape thereof are not limited.

As shown in FIGS. 2 to 6, the housing 101 according to one embodiment has a closed space capable of accommodating at least a part of one impedance line 8. Here, the housing 101 may be appropriately provided with a ventilable hole.

The impedance line 8 according to one embodiment is bent so that the separator 105 is located between the impedance lines 8 that are close to each other in the housing 101.

As a result, it is possible to prevent discharge between the impedance lines 8 in the long impedance line 8 that is bent and housed inside the housing 101.

The dimensions of the separator 105 according to one embodiment are not limited, and for example, the width is 5 cm, the height is 7 cm, and the total length is about 1 m.

<First Embodiment>
As illustrated in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, the housing 101 according to the first embodiment is provided with a lead-in terminal 102 and a lead-out terminal 103 having electrical insulation properties inside and outside the housing 101, and is electrically insulated. A separator 105 having a property may be provided inside the housing 101, and a gantry 104 may be appropriately provided.

As a result, the lightning surge absorber 100 can prevent sparks generated from the impedance line 8 from leaking to the outside of the lightning surge absorber 100.

The materials of the housing 101 and the gantry 104 according to the first embodiment are not limited, and may be ceramics or metal materials such as steel.

The separator 105 according to the first embodiment can install an impedance line 8 that is drawn into the housing 101 via the lead-in terminal 102 and drawn out to the outside of the housing 101 via the take-out terminal 103.

The lead-in terminal 102 and the pull-out terminal 103 according to the first embodiment may be insulated and reinforced, and the material thereof and the position on the surface of the housing 101 are not limited.

In the separator 105 according to the first embodiment, the flexible and bent impedance line 8 can be installed while shielding a part of the impedance lines 8 that are close to each other inside the housing 101.

The separator 105 according to the first embodiment may be made of ceramics, may be made of ceramics, may be adopted from an electrically insulating material used for electric wires or steel towers, and may be a material having electrical insulation and heat resistance. , There are no restrictions on the material.

As illustrated in FIG. 3, the separator 105 according to the first embodiment may be an aggregate of separators 105 having a unit structure having a gutter-shaped cross-sectional shape. At this time, the separator 105 may be made by stacking the unit structures of the separator 105. Here, the cross-sectional shape of the separator 105 may be gutter-shaped, comb-shaped, concave, and any cross-sectional shape in which the impedance line 8 can be installed. The rectangular structure having a gutter-shaped cross-sectional shape in FIG. 3 and the like corresponds to the separator 105 including the unmarked one.

As illustrated in FIG. 4, in the impedance line 8 according to the first embodiment, one impedance line 8 is bent and housed in a closed space inside the housing 101. Here, there are no restrictions on the bending method or route of the impedance line 8.

<Second embodiment>
Similar to the first embodiment, the housing 101 according to the second embodiment also has the lead-in terminal 102 and the lead-out terminal 103 having electrical insulation inside and outside the housing 101, as exemplified in FIGS. 5 and 6. A separator 105 having electrical insulation may be provided inside the housing 101, and a gantry 104 may be appropriately provided.

One impedance line 8 housed in the closed space inside the housing 101 according to the second embodiment is one of an I-shaped linear impedance line 81, which is a part of the impedance line 8, and one of the impedance lines 8. It is composed of a U-shaped curved impedance line 82, which is a portion.

In the impedance line 8 according to the second embodiment, the linear impedance line 81 and the curved impedance line 82 may have a male-female tapered structure and may be appropriately fastened with bolts or the like, and the connection mode thereof may be used. There are no particular restrictions on.

《Lightning surge absorber》
The impedance line 8 according to one embodiment includes an electric resistor 10.
The electric resistor 10 is made of a metal heating element 10a (not shown), may be foil-shaped, may be linear, may be strip-shaped, may be flat-knitted, and is limited in its shape. However, a terminal such as a round shape or an L shape for connection may be provided at the tip thereof.
The metal heating element 10a is selected from the group containing Fe, Cr, Al, Cu, Ni, Cu—Ni alloy, Cu—Mn alloy, Ni—Al alloy, Ni—Cr alloy, and Fe—Cr—Al alloy. It consists of a heating wire material, and there are no restrictions on the material.

As described above, the impedance line 8 converts a part of the discharge energy propagating through the lightning receiving portion 9 into thermal energy by the Joule effect via the electric resistor 10 included in the impedance line 8.

Further, in this way, the impedance line 8 can share the voltage and the discharge energy at the time of a lightning strike with the ground wire 11, and can disperse the heat generation points at the time of a lightning strike.

As described above, the decrease in the voltage shared by the electric resistor 10 due to the small resistance value and the accompanying decrease in the surge absorption effect are avoided.

Further, in this way, it is possible to avoid an increase in the voltage drop of the electric resistor 10 due to the large resistance value and the accompanying discharge generation in the lightning surge absorber 100.

The impedance line 8 according to one embodiment includes an electric resistor 10.
As shown in FIG. 7, the electric resistor 10 is formed by enclosing a non-metal heating element 10b in an insulator 10c instead of the metal heating element 10a, and is provided with terminals such as a round shape and an L-shape at the tip thereof. They may be connected to each other via a spring.
The non-metal heating element 10b is composed of ceramics whose main component is a material selected from the group containing SiC, MoSiO ₂ , and ZrO ₂ , and may be a powder or a sintered body. There is no limit.
The insulator 10c is a container such as a support insulating cylinder capable of enclosing a non-metal heating element 10b, and its shape is not limited, its dimensions are not limited, its material is not limited, and it has flexibility. It's okay.

Further, the non-metal heating element 10b may be made of ceramics containing graphite as a main component, and may take the form of a graphite electrode.

As described above, by forming the impedance line 8 by using the electric resistance element 10 in which the non-metal heating element 10b is enclosed in the insulator 10c, the non-metal heating element 10b is difficult to process as compared with the metal heating element 10a. Also, in the formation of the impedance line 8, it is possible to improve the manufacturability including the maintainability thereof, and it is possible to cope with a higher temperature zone than when the metal heating element 10a is used.

Further, the impedance line 8 may be made of a non-metal heating element 10b that is not enclosed in the insulator 10c.
The non-metal heating element 10b may be a flexible conductive structure such as a conductive gel, a conductive rubber, and a conductive elastomer.

The impedance line 8 according to one embodiment includes an electric resistor 10.
As shown in FIG. 8, the electric resistor 10 is formed by enclosing a non-metal heating element 10d in an insulator 10c instead of the non-metal heating element 10b.
The non-metal heating element 10d is composed of ceramics containing a non-linear resistor material selected from the group containing ZnO as a main component, and may be a powder, a sintered body, or a porous body. There are no restrictions on the materials and proportions.

In this way, the resistance value is constant in the low voltage region, but when it is above a predetermined threshold, the resistance value drops, and at the time of a lightning strike, a part of the discharge energy for the voltage above the predetermined threshold is converted into thermal energy. Converts and improves surge absorption effect.

The impedance line 8 according to one embodiment includes an electric resistor 10.
The electric resistor 10 is formed by enclosing a non-metal heating element 10e in an insulator 10c instead of the non-metal heating element 10b.
The non-metal heating element 10e is a liquid resistor such as seawater.
The insulator 10c is a flexible container such as a hose, and its shape is not limited, and its dimensions are not limited.

As described above, the electric resistance 10 is formed in a form excellent in manufacturability by using seawater or the like, which is a non-metal heating element 10e having excellent transportability.

The impedance line 8 according to one embodiment includes an electric resistor 10.
The electric resistor 10 is formed by applying a non-metal heating element 10b or 10d to the insulator 10f instead of the insulator 10c.
The insulator 10f is a cloth such as a non-woven fabric, and the material and the material thereof are not limited.

In this way, by applying the non-metal heating element 10b or 10d to the cloth-shaped insulator 10f, the electric resistor 10 is formed in a form excellent in manufacturability.

As shown in FIG. 9, the impedance line 8 according to one embodiment includes an element 16 in which a coil 15 is connected in parallel to an electric resistor 10 according to one embodiment, and the elements 16 are series-parallel (series and). / Or parallel) is connected in multiple stages.
The coil 15 is, for example, a metal material, and the material and dimensions thereof are not limited.
The element 16 has a coil 15 wound around an electric resistor 10, and an inductor such as the coil 15 is connected in parallel to the electric resistor 10.

As described above, the high frequency region is based on the variation point determined based on the electric resistance R of the electric resistors 10 constituting the one or more elements 16 and the reactance L of the coils 15 constituting the one or more elements 16. The impedance line 8 is realized so that the electric resistance R becomes dominant in the above.

As a result, the impedance line 8 can be flexibly adjusted and designed for surge absorption characteristics according to the frequency of lightning strikes.

As shown in FIG. 10, the impedance line 8 according to one embodiment includes an element 16 in which a plurality of electric resistors 10 are adjacent to each other in a non-contact manner with a gap of 10 g interposed therebetween.
The element 16 is provided in place of the down conductor, and the electric resistors 10 and the voids 10 g are alternately arranged inside a tube 10h such as a hose having a flexible and hollow structure. There is no limit to the diameter of the tube 10h.
The electric resistance body 10 has a cylindrical shape, and for example, a non-metal heating element 10b such as SiC powder may be enclosed in a cylindrical insulator 10c, and the size and quantity thereof are not limited.
The void 10 g is, for example, 0.1 mm to 5.0 mm, has no limitation on its length, may exhibit a microgap, and its atmosphere may be an atmospheric atmosphere, an Ar atmosphere, or a decompression atmosphere. There are no restrictions on the details.

As a result, the impedance line 8 conducts through the discharge gap when an excessive voltage that exhibits a predetermined threshold value or higher is generated due to a lightning strike, and a part of the discharge energy is converted into heat energy, which is excellent. It is possible to realize the surge absorption effect.

Further, by this, the dimensions and the like of the individual electric resistors 10 constituting the element 16 can be standardized, and the impedance line 8 can be realized in a scalable manner by the element design assuming the discharge gap, and the impedance line can be realized. 8 can be lengthened.

Further, as a result, deterioration due to electric discharge in the individual electric resistors 10 constituting the element 16 can be prevented, and heat generation can be dispersed in the individual electric resistors 10, so that the life of the impedance line 8 can be extended. can do.

Further, this makes it possible to design a circuit that short-circuits 10 g of individual voids constituting the element 16, and more flexibly adjusts the operating characteristics of the impedance line 8 against a lightning surge, improving its manufacturability. be able to.

The electric resistor 10 is provided with electrodes 10t having a semicircular shape at both ends thereof, and the electrodes 10t having a semicircular shape are aligned with each other.

As a result, the centering of the electric resistor 10 having a cylindrical shape becomes easy, the construction becomes easy, and the impedance line 8 having excellent manufacturability can be realized.

Further, the electric resistor 10 may be aligned with a concave or convex electrode 10t instead of the semicircular electrode 10t.
The shape of the electrode 10t is not limited as long as the alignment of the electrode 10t is easy.

In the element 16 constituting the impedance line 8, a coil 15 may be wound around a tube 10h in which a plurality of electric resistors 10 are adjacent to each other with a gap 10g interposed therebetween.

As a result, in addition to the surge absorption effect that makes full use of the conduction phenomenon due to the discharge gap, it is possible to realize the surge absorption characteristic that makes full use of the frequency characteristics caused by the inductance of the coil 15, and the influence of damage due to lightning strikes in the building 0 can be realized. Can be reduced.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the impedance line 8 is, for example, an aggregate of unit elements exhibiting an impedance of 0.1 to 1.0 kΩ at 100 kHz, which is a typical value of a line pulse. The resistance value and the inductance may be set as appropriate.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the impedance line 8 may have an even number of resistance wires divided into a right-handed winding and a left-handed winding in an insulating cylinder.

At least one of the structures of one embodiment of the present invention has heat resistance.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a configuration in which some of the configurations of the above-described embodiments are adopted from each other can be appropriately adopted.

The impedance line 8 according to the embodiment of the present invention is not limited in its dimensions. The impedance line 8 is 25 m as an example.

In the lightning surge absorbing method according to one embodiment, a part of the discharge energy of a lightning strike is converted into thermal energy by an impedance line 8 installed between a lightning receiving portion 9 and a grounding wire 11.

According to the present invention, damage to the building 0 due to a lightning strike can be suitably prevented.

0: Building 8: Impedance line 9: Lightning receiving part 10: Electric resistance 10a: Metal heating element 10b: Non-metal heating element 10c: Insulator 10d: Non-metal heating element 10e: Non-metal heating element 10f: Insulator 10g: Air gap 10h: Tube 11: Ground wire 15: Coil 16: Element E: Ground 81: Linear impedance line 82: Curved impedance line 100: Lightning surge absorber 101: Housing 102: Pull-in terminal 103: Pull-out terminal 104: Mount 105: Separator

Claims (19)

It ’s a lightning surge absorber.
Equipped with an impedance line,
The impedance line is a lightning surge absorber characterized in that a part of the discharge energy of a lightning strike is converted into heat energy. The lightning surge absorber according to claim 1, wherein the impedance line includes an electric resistor made of a metal heating element. The lightning surge absorber according to claim 2, wherein the metal heating element is made of a Ni—Cr alloy. The lightning surge absorber according to claim 2, wherein the metal heating element is made of an Fe—Cr—Al alloy. The lightning surge absorber according to claim 1, wherein the impedance line includes an electric resistor made of a non-metal heating element. The lightning surge absorber according to claim 5, wherein the non-metal heating element is made of ceramics containing SiC as a main component. The lightning surge absorber according to claim 5, wherein the non-metal heating element is made of a ceramic containing graphite as a main component. The lightning surge absorber according to claim 1, wherein the impedance line includes an electric resistor in which powder is provided on an insulator. The lightning surge absorber according to claim 8, wherein the electric resistor is provided with the powder containing the non-linear resistor in the insulator. The lightning surge absorber according to claim 9, wherein the nonlinear resistor is made of ceramics containing ZnO as a main component. The lightning surge absorber according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the insulator comprises a support insulating cylinder. The lightning surge absorber according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the impedance line includes an element in which a coil is connected in parallel to an electric resistor. The lightning surge absorption according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the impedance line includes an element in which a plurality of electric resistors are adjacent to each other in a non-contact manner with a gap in between. body. The lightning surge absorber according to claim 12, wherein the impedance line is formed by connecting the elements in multiple stages in series and parallel. The lightning surge absorber provided with the impedance line according to any one of claims 1 to 14, which is installed between a lightning receiving portion of a building and a grounding wire.
A lightning surge absorber comprising a housing, wherein the housing has a closed space capable of accommodating at least a part of the impedance line. The housing is provided with a lead-in terminal and a pull-out terminal having electrical insulation inside and outside the housing, and a separator having electrical insulation is provided inside the housing.
15. The separator is characterized in that it is possible to install the impedance line which is drawn into the inside of the housing through the pull-in terminal and pulled out to the outside of the housing through the pull-out terminal. The lightning surge absorber described in. The impedance line has flexibility and
The lightning surge absorption according to claim 16, wherein the separator can be installed while the bent impedance lines can be installed while shielding a part of the impedance lines that are close to each other inside the housing. Device. The lightning surge absorber according to claim 16 or 17, wherein the separator is made of pottery. A lightning surge absorbing method, characterized in that a part of the discharge energy of a lightning strike is converted into thermal energy in an impedance line installed between a lightning receiving part and a grounding line.

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