JP2022009234A - Metal gasket - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a metal gasket which can be easily worked, can be provided with simple and low-cost constitution and desirably can contribute to preservation of global resource.

SOLUTION: A metal gasket as the metal gasket 10 which is provided with a sealing surface for sealing at least one side of fluid or powder comprises a base sheet 10A and metallic material having a spring rigidity higher than that of the base sheet 10A and an annular member 13 which is arranged along the inside of the opening part of the base sheet 10A. Therein, the annular member 13 is constituted with cylindrical tubular element 101 which is formed by binding both ends in the longitudinal direction of a belt-like member having a predetermined length so as to have a sealing surface, and the sealing surface is constituted with either of an inner circumferential surface and an outer circumferential surface which are deformed in an intersecting direction with respect to axial direction of the tubular element 101.

SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

COPYRIGHT: (C)2022,JPO&INPIT

Description

The present invention relates to a metal gasket for sealing a fluid such as a gas or a liquid, a powder, or the like, for example, a joint between a cylinder block and a cylinder head of a combustion engine, a joint between a combustion engine and an exhaust passage, and between exhaust passages. The present invention relates to an improved technique for a metal gasket used in a joint portion, an exhaust passage and a joint portion of an exhaust treatment device (for example, various catalysts, a particulate filter, etc.).

Conventionally, as this type of metal gasket (metal gasket), an opening through which a fluid (for example, exhaust) flows is formed in a metal plate interposed between facing joints, and around the metal gasket (for example, exhaust). , Those having a bolt hole penetrating a bolt or the like for fastening the facing joints to each other are used (see, for example, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2).

Here, the place where such a metal gasket is used is an environment where the temperature is higher than the conventional one, an environment where the metal gasket is easily corroded, or an environment where the temperature fluctuation is large and a larger thermal stress acts than the conventional one. High-performance materials (high-strength materials, fatigue-resistant materials, heat-resistant materials) that can handle such harsh environments in harsh environments such as underneath or in environments where greater mechanical stress than before is applied. It is considered to adopt a material (material) such as a sex material, a corrosion resistant material, or a material having at least two or more of these.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 60-23356 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 61-88075

However, if the entire metal gasket is made of a high-performance material, the cost may increase, processing may become difficult, processing capacity may be insufficient for the processing equipment, and problems such as wear of tools and dies may occur. , There was a fact that it was difficult in practical use to adopt high-performance materials.

Further, for example, when the part where the high-performance material is used is a part that seals the high-temperature gas flowing through a cylindrical passage such as an exhaust passage, the high-performance material is punched out in an annular shape as shown in FIG. Often used as an annular member 200. In such a case, it is difficult to find a way to effectively use the residual materials 201 and 202 that have been punched out of the annular member 200 in an annular shape. There was a fact that they could not fully contribute to the preservation.

The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a metal gasket which is easy to process, has a simple and low cost structure, and can preferably contribute to the preservation of earth resources. And.

The metal gasket according to the present invention is
A metal gasket having a sealing surface for sealing combustion gas or exhaust gas.
A base sheet made of a metallic material and having at least one opening,
A soft material composed of Cu of Hv50-60 on at least one surface of spring steel, precipitation-strengthened stainless steel, precipitation-strengthened heat-resistant steel or precipitation-strengthened heat-resistant alloy, which is arranged along the inside of the opening of the base sheet. Metallic material is composed of a solid-phase bonded clad material, and at least one of the upper surface and the lower surface thereof constitutes an annular member forming the sealing surface.
Consists of, including
The outer diameter side end of the annular member is housed in a notch provided in a concave shape on the inner diameter side of the opening of the base sheet, and the vertical thickness of the outer diameter side end of the annular member is the notch. It is characterized in that it is predeterminedly smaller than the vertical gap and the outer diameter of the annular member is predeterminedly smaller than the inner diameter of the notch.

In the present invention, the outer diameter sides of the two annular members are overlapped in the thickness direction and housed in the common notch, and the vertical thickness of the outer diameter side end portion of the overlapped annular members is the same. It is characterized in that it is predeterminedly smaller than the vertical gap of the notch and the outer diameter of the stacked annular member is smaller than the inner diameter of the common notch.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a metal gasket which is easy to process, simple and can be cost-reduced, and can preferably contribute to the preservation of earth resources.

It is an overall block diagram which shows one structural example of the exhaust system of the internal combustion engine which uses the metal gasket which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a front view (the view seen from the direction along the exhaust flow direction) of the metal gasket which concerns on the said embodiment. (A) shows a band-shaped member cut out from the ribbon material, and (B) is a diagram showing an example of a process of pressing an annular element produced from the band-shaped member to produce an annular element having a substantially C-shaped cross section. , (C) are diagrams showing an example of a process of pressing an annular element having a C-shaped cross section produced in (B) into a flat annular member, and (D) is a diagram showing an example of the process of pressing the annular element having a C-shaped cross section into a flat annular member. It is a figure which shows an example of the state of forming a bead portion by press working with respect to an annular member. (A) is a side view (cross-sectional view) showing a first step (insertion state) of the process of supporting the base sheet and the annular member of the metal gasket according to the same embodiment, and (B) is the state of (A). It is a side view (cross-sectional view) showing an example of a state in which an annular member is supported on a base sheet of the same metal gasket by caulking in the second step, and (C) is a state in which the same metal gasket is interposed in a joint portion. It is a side view (cross-sectional view) which shows an example. It is a top view for demonstrating the problem in the conventional method of punching out a plate-shaped member to produce an annular member.

Hereinafter, an embodiment according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below.

Here, a case where the exhaust is sealed as a metal gasket (metal gasket) will be typically described, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the present invention is not limited to this, and fluids such as gas and liquid, and further powder. Any metal gasket for sealing such as is applicable.

As shown in FIG. 1, the metal gasket (metal gasket) 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention is an exhaust manifold 3 (cylinder head 2) that constitutes a part of an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine 1 such as a diesel combustion engine. From the joint (joint surface 3A, 4A) of the exhaust manifold 3 and the exhaust turbocharger 4, intervened between the exhaust passage (exhaust passage connected to the exhaust port) and the exhaust turbocharger 4 (exhaust turbine inlet). It functions to suppress the leakage of exhaust to the outside. It should be noted that the gasket 10'is arranged at the joint between the exhaust port of the cylinder head 2 and the exhaust manifold 3, and is arranged at the joint between the exhaust outlet of the exhaust turbocharger 4 and the exhaust pipe (exhaust passage) 5 on the downstream side thereof. It is also applicable to the gasket 10 ”.

Here, as shown in FIG. 2, the base sheet (base sheet portion, main body portion) 10A of the metal gasket 10 according to the present embodiment penetrates through the opening 11 through which the exhaust gas flows and the four through bolts. It is configured to include a hole 12.

Further, the metal gasket 10 according to the present embodiment is a metal material different from the base sheet 10A and is larger than the base sheet 10A inside the opening 11 of the base sheet 10A made of a relatively inexpensive metal material. An annular member 13 made of a metal material (highly functional material) having high spring rigidity is provided.

As the material (material) of the base sheet 10A, for example, a relatively low-cost metal material such as SUS301, SUS304, SUS430, or SPCC can be adopted.

On the other hand, since the annular member 13 is exposed to high-temperature exhaust gas and repeatedly undergoes a relatively large temperature change, it is possible to secure the gas sealability for a long period of time against this. As described above, a high-performance material is used as the material (metal material) of the annular member 13.

Here, as the high-performance material, Fe-based alloys such as spring steel (spring material), precipitation-reinforced stainless steel, precipitation-reinforced heat-resistant steel, or precipitation-reinforced heat-resistant alloy, and Ni-based alloys, which are rich in spring rigidity, are assumed. Will be done. Specifically, for example, SUP, SUS, SUH, etc., which are the steel grade symbols specified by JIS, are assumed. Further, for example, a Fe-based alloy based on 17% by mass Cr-5% by mass Ni-3% by mass Mo (remaining Fe, trace additive elements and unavoidable impurities), 42% by mass Ni-15% by mass Cr-2% by mass Ti. -2% by mass Al (remaining Fe, trace addition elements and unavoidable impurities) -based alloys are assumed. Further, for example, a Ni-based alloy (Alloy 718) based on 50% by mass Ni-17% by mass Cr (the balance is trace addition elements such as Fe, Nb, Mo, Al, and Ti and unavoidable impurities) is assumed.

As described above, by using the base sheet 10A as a relatively low-cost material and using only the annular member 13 that requires high functionality as a high-performance material, it is possible to provide a high-performance metal gasket while realizing low cost. Can be done. Further, by making it possible to configure only the annular member 13 with a high-performance material, for example, a high-performance material having higher functions can be used as much as the cost of the base sheet 10A is reduced as a relatively low-cost material. The annular member 13 can be configured. This makes it possible to provide a more sophisticated metal gasket while maintaining the cost level.

The base sheet (main body) 10A and the annular member 13 are separate members. For example, in order to prevent the annular member 13 from falling off during transportation or assembly, the annular member 13 is a caulked portion 10B (spot welded or adhesive). It is also supported by the base sheet (main body) 10A.

By the way, if the annular member 13 is directly extracted from the plate-shaped member by punching or the like, it is difficult to find a way to effectively utilize the residual material. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the annular member 13 is manufactured (produced) as follows. )do.

First, as shown in FIG. 3A, a strip-shaped member 100 having a predetermined length is cut out from the wound ribbon material (spring material). Alternatively, the plate-shaped member can be cut to a predetermined width to obtain the strip-shaped strip-shaped member 100.

Subsequently, as shown at the top of FIG. 3B, both ends 100A and 100B of the strip-shaped member 100 in the major axis direction are butted and joined by welding or the like to produce a cylindrical tubular element 101. The cylindrical axial length of the tubular element 101 corresponds to the width direction length of the strip-shaped member 100, and is larger than the thickness direction length (plate thickness) of the strip-shaped member 100.

However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a large plate-shaped member is rolled into a cylindrical shape and abutted, and after the abutting portion is joined, the strip-shaped member 100 is cut into round slices to a length corresponding to the width of the above-mentioned strip-shaped member 100. It is also possible to manufacture (produce) the tubular element 101.

Subsequently, as shown in the lower part of FIG. 3B, the cylindrical tubular element 101 is pressed from its axial direction (X direction) by press working or the like, and the upper end 101A, which is one end in the X direction, is on the inner diameter side, X. Process so that the lower end 101B, which is the other end in the direction, is on the outer diameter side. As a result, the tubular element 101 is formed so that the vertical surface Y1 (cylindrical side surface) becomes the inclined surface Y2, and is like a disc spring having a substantially C-shaped cross section as shown at the top of FIG. 3C. It has a tapered shape. Finally, press working or the like is performed until the vertical surface Y1 of the tubular element 101 becomes the horizontal plane Y3 shown in the lower part of FIG. 3C to produce (produce) a flat annular member 13. That is, press working or the like so that the inner peripheral surface a and the outer peripheral surface b of the tubular element 101 shown in FIG. 3 (B) are one of the upper surface b or the lower surface a of the annular member 13 shown in FIG. 3 (D), respectively. I do. If the inclination directions of the upper mold and the lower mold shown in the lower part of FIG. 3B are set to be opposite to each other, the inner peripheral surface a can be the upper surface a and the outer peripheral surface b can be the lower surface b.

In the present embodiment, the annular member 13 shown at the top of FIG. 3D has an elastic force (spring force) in the thickness direction (vertical direction in FIG. 3D) in FIG. 3 (D). D) As shown below, the inner plane 13A on the inner diameter 101A side and the outer plane 13B on the outer diameter 101B side may be configured with different height positions (positions in the thickness direction Z) by press processing or the like. can. Details will be described later.

However, if the gas sealability can be ensured by using only the elastic deformation (elastic strain in the thickness direction) of the material of the annular member 13, the cross section is substantially C-shaped as shown in FIG. 3 (C). It is also possible to keep the tapered shape like a disc spring.

Further, after the press working, the annular member 13 may be heat-treated to remove residual stress, relax stress, and the like.

Then, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the annular member 13 formed in an annular shape is arranged and supported inside the opening 11 of the base sheet 10A.

Here, as shown in FIG. 4A, the annular member 13 and the annular member 14 may be arranged in a state where they are in contact with each other on the outer diameter sides and face each other. The annular member 14 has a shape symmetrical with respect to the plane H with the annular member 13.

As an example of a method of supporting the annular member 13 and the annular member 14 to the base sheet 10A, as shown in FIG. 4A, the annular member 13 and the annular member 14 are inserted into the inner diameter side notch 10C, and the annular member 13 and the annular member 14 are inserted into the notch bottom portion. The bottom of the annular member 14 is supported by 10D.

In this state, as shown in FIG. 4B, the crimped portion 10B can be formed by caulking the vicinity of the inlet outer periphery of the inner diameter side notch 10C with a punch or the like, and the protruding portion 10E can be projected to the inner diameter side. .. Thereby, the annular member 13 and the annular member 14 can be supported between the protruding portion 10E and the notch bottom portion 10D to the extent that the annular member 13 and the annular member 14 do not fall off from the base sheet 10A. It suffices if the support can be supported to the extent that it can be prevented from falling off during transportation or assembly.

Although the annular member 13 and the annular member 14 are shown in FIG. 4, either one may be provided, and the support method can be the same.

Further, as shown in FIG. 4C, when the bead portion 13C is provided on the annular member 13, the joint portion (joint portion) due to thermal expansion and contraction in the axial direction (exhaust flow direction) (Z direction) of the exhaust passage (exhaust flow direction) (Z direction). The gas sealability can be maintained high for a long period of time against fluctuations in the gap T of the joint surfaces 3A and 4A). The annular member 14 to be combined with the annular member 13 can also be configured by providing the bead portion 14C.

Here, a specific configuration example of the annular member 13 will be described.
For example, as shown in FIG. 4A, the annular member 13 is bent in a substantially opposite shape in a radial cross section, leaving an outer plane 13B on the proximal end side (outer diameter 101B side). The inner plane 13A is formed on the tip side (inner diameter 101A side), that is, the bead portion 13C is at the apex. Can be configured.

Then, as shown in FIG. 4B, the inner plane 13A1 (or the inner plane 14A1) has a predetermined amount T1 (or T2) in the thickness direction (Z direction) from the upper plane 10A1 (or the lower plane 10A2) of the base sheet 10A. ), Even if the gap T (see FIG. 4 (C)) fluctuates due to fluctuations in the heat load, vibration, etc., or if the base sheet 10A is sagging, it will last for a long time. The gas sealability can be maintained satisfactorily. The predetermined amount T1 and the predetermined amount T2 may have the same value or different values.

As a result, when the gap T increases due to fluctuations in heat load, vibration, etc., the restoring force (elastic force) acts in the Z direction (gap direction of the joint), so the bead The portion 13C (14C) extends in the gap Z direction and appropriately abuts on the joint portion (joint surfaces 3A, 4A) to ensure gas sealability, and the gap T is formed due to fluctuations in heat load, vibration, or the like. Even if it decreases, it can be deformed in accordance with this, so that the gas sealability can be maintained high for a long period of time against fluctuations in the gap T.

Further, in addition to the case where the gap Z fluctuates due to fluctuations in heat load or vibration, the base sheet 10A is plastically deformed by tightening the joint portions (joint surfaces 3A, 4A) in the thickness direction, and the base is flattened. Even when the thickness of the sheet 10A after plastic deformation is equal to or less than the gap T shown in FIG. 4C, the annular member 13 (14) has a restoring force (elastic force). According to the present embodiment, the bead portion 13C (14C) can be appropriately brought into contact with the joint portions (joint surfaces 3A and 4A), so that the gas sealability can be satisfactorily maintained for a long period of time. ..

Further, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4B, when the annular member 13 or the annular member 14 exposed to a high temperature thermally expands in the radial direction, the opening 11 of the base sheet 10A is opened. A radial predetermined gap R is provided in order to prevent the gas sealability from being deteriorated due to strong contact and deformation. Further, in the thickness direction (Z direction), a thickness direction gap t that allows the annular member 13 and the annular member 14 to move is also provided with respect to the base sheet 10A.

Due to these gaps R and t, even when the annular member 13 or the annular member 14 thermally expands, it is possible to prevent the base sheet 10A from restricting (interfering) the expansion more than necessary. It is possible to suppress abnormal (distorted) deformation of the annular member 14, and it is possible to maintain good gas sealability for a long period of time.

Further, when it is desired to increase the restoring force of the bead portion (13C, 14C) of the annular member (13, 14), it is possible not to perform the heat treatment performed after the press working.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, there is provided a metal gasket and a method for manufacturing the same, which are easy to process, simple and cost-effective, and can preferably contribute to the preservation of earth resources. be able to.

As described above, in the present embodiment, the tubular element 101 formed by joining both ends of the strip-shaped member 100 in the major axis direction is pressed from the width direction X (axial direction) by press working or the like to form a strip member 100 in the width direction. An annular element having a substantially C-shaped cross section is produced by molding so that the upper end 101A (or lower end 101B) at one end is on the inner diameter side and the lower end 101B (or upper end 101A) at the other end in the width direction is on the outer diameter side. Finally, press working or the like is performed so that the inner peripheral surface a and the outer peripheral surface b of the tubular element 101 are one of the upper surface b or the lower surface a of the annular member 13, respectively. Further, it is assumed that the bead portion 13C is formed on the flat annular member 13 by press working or the like.

When performing such press working, in the case of a hard material such as spring steel, mold wear is relatively large and the product cost increases, and it may be difficult to maintain product accuracy for a long period of time. Is also assumed. Therefore, materials that are easy to process during molding but have the same characteristics (hardness and elastic force (restoring force)) as spring steel after molding, such as the above-mentioned precipitation-strengthened stainless steel (SUS) and precipitation-strengthening type. It is preferable to use heat-resistant steel (SUH) or the like.

In this embodiment, the metal gasket 10 is attached to the joint portion between the exhaust manifold 3 and the exhaust turbocharger 4, the joint portion between the exhaust port of the cylinder head 2 and the exhaust manifold 3, and the exhaust turbocharger 4. Although the case where the gasket is arranged at the joint between the exhaust outlet and the exhaust pipe (exhaust passage) 5 on the downstream side thereof is described, the present invention is not limited to this, and the cylinder between the cylinder head and the cylinder block is not limited to this. In addition to head gaskets and other exhaust passage joints, it can be applied to any part where a metal gasket is used.

Further, in the present embodiment, the metal gasket interposed between the facing joint surfaces of the joint portions of the exhaust passage through which the exhaust gas flows has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the present invention is not limited to the exhaust gas. It is applicable to fluids such as gases, waters, liquids such as oils, and even metal gaskets used to seal at least one of powders.

By the way, in order to improve the gas sealing property (micro gas sealing property), a soft metal material such as pure Cu is used as a base material (for example, high functionality) as the annular member 13 so as to be able to follow the minute irregularities on the surface of the joining member. A clad material bonded to the surface of the material) can be used. A soft metal material such as pure Cu can be bonded to one surface or both surfaces (front and back surfaces) of a base material (for example, a high-performance material).
However, depending on the usage environment and the like, it is also possible to form (deposit) Sn or the like on the surface of the annular member 13 by plating.

In this way, when the annular member 13 is used as a clad material or when soft plating is applied, the soft material such as pure Cu is made to follow the minute irregularities on the surface of the joining member to improve the micro gas sealing property. Can be done. Further, if the annular member 13 is made of a clad material using a soft metal material such as pure Cu, the annular member 13 can be used even in an environment where a metal gasket is used in which thermal stress and mechanical stress repeatedly act. Since the base metal of the above can be used as a high-performance material, the annular member 13 can maintain a high gas sealability for a long period of time without being worn out.
That is, it is possible to achieve both improvement of the micro gas sealing performance and maintenance of the gas sealing property for a long period of time.

The clad material is a metal material in which the surface of one metal and the surface of the other metal are joined while applying pressure by rolling or the like. The metal used for the clad material may be of the same type or different types as long as it can be joined. Since the metal and the metal are bonded to each other by pressure to form a solid phase bond, the clad material does not use an adhesive or the like on the surface and has a property of being difficult to peel off.

Therefore, when the annular member 13 is used as a clad material, soft metals such as Cu are less likely to peel off from the surface of the annular member 13 as compared with the case where a metal film is formed by plating or an adhesive, and the soft metal such as Cu is less likely to be peeled off for a long period of time. It has the advantage of being able to maintain good microgas sealability.

Further, when the annular member 13 is manufactured by the manufacturing method according to the present embodiment, when the tubular element 101 is pressed from its width direction (X direction shown in FIG. 3B) by press working, FIG. 3 (B). ), The upper end of the tubular element 101 is pressed against the surface of the upper mold with a high pressing force and slides, and the lower end of the annular element 101 is pressed against the surface of the lower mold with a high pressing force and abuts against each other. It becomes a form that is molded while sliding.

Therefore, if the tubular element 101 (annular member 13) is made of a hard metal material with poor slipperiness, there is a risk that the molded product will be wrinkled and the quality will be deteriorated, or the mold will be severely worn. In such a case, if the clad material is made by joining a soft metal such as Cu to the surface of the annular member 13, the slip on the mold surface can be improved, so that such a possibility can be suppressed and there is no wrinkle. In addition to contributing to obtaining high-quality molded products, it is also possible to contribute to providing high-quality products over a long period of time at low cost because wear of the upper and lower molds can be suppressed.

When a clad material of SUS and a soft metal is used, the hardness is generally SUS (about Hv100 to 150), whereas when Cu is used as the soft metal, it is annealed to a hardness of about Hv50 to 60. It can be adjusted with.

Further, in the present embodiment, the annular member 13 is exemplified as a substantially annular member, but the present invention is not limited to this, and other shapes such as an elliptical shape can be applied. ..

Further, in the present embodiment, the bead portion 13C of the annular member 13 is shown as an example in which a substantially reverse-shaped portion and a substantially reverse-shaped portion are connected, but the present invention is limited to this. The bead portion according to the present invention is formed so as to protrude from the surface of the annular member at least one of the upper surface or the lower surface of the annular member in addition to the wavy shape, the semicircular shape, and the protrusion shape. It can be a convex shape.

The embodiments described above are merely examples for explaining the present invention, and various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.

1 Internal combustion engine 2 Exhaust passage 3 Exhaust manifold 4 Exhaust turbocharger 10 Metal gasket (metal gasket)
10A base sheet (base sheet part, main body part)
11 Opening 13, 14 Ring member 13C, 14C Bead part 100 Band-shaped member 101 Tubular element

Claims (2)

A metal gasket having a sealing surface for sealing combustion gas or exhaust gas.
A base sheet made of a metallic material and having at least one opening,
A soft material composed of Cu of Hv50-60 on at least one surface of spring steel, precipitation-strengthened stainless steel, precipitation-strengthened heat-resistant steel or precipitation-strengthened heat-resistant alloy, which is arranged along the inside of the opening of the base sheet. Metallic material is composed of a solid-phase bonded clad material, and at least one of the upper surface and the lower surface thereof constitutes an annular member forming the sealing surface.
Consists of, including
The outer diameter side end of the annular member is housed in a notch provided in a concave shape on the inner diameter side of the opening of the base sheet, and the vertical thickness of the outer diameter side end of the annular member is the notch. A metal gasket characterized in that it is predeterminedly smaller than the vertical gap and the outer diameter of the annular member is predeterminedly smaller than the inner diameter of the notch. The outer diameter side of the two annular members are overlapped in the thickness direction and housed in the common notch, and the vertical thickness of the outer diameter side end of the overlapped annular member is the common notch. The metal gasket according to claim 1, wherein the outer diameter of the stacked annular members is predeterminedly smaller than the vertical gap, and the outer diameter of the stacked annular members is predeterminedly smaller than the inner diameter of the common notch.

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