JP2022007009A - Fertilization method to plant body by quantitative management method - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a fertilization method to a plant body by a quantitative management method in which additional fertilization culture solution adapted for a growth stage can be supplied by determining growth conditions by artificial light and estimating a growth period.SOLUTION: A fertilization method has: a growth conditions determination step 1 of growing a plant body by artificial light, and determining growth conditions including at least light intensity, a light period time and a dark period time of artificial light; a growth period estimation step 2 of estimating a growth period from a settled planting time to cropping time of the plant body in the growth conditions; a fertilizing amount determination step 3 of zoning the growth period into a plurality of growth stages and determining a required amount of nutrient required by the plant body on each growth stage; an additional fertilization culture solution creating step 4 of adding a required amount of nutrient for each the growth stage to starter culture solution for the growth stage, and creating additional fertilization culture solution; and a fertilizer feeding step 5 of feeding additional fertilization culture solution to a culture solution space in which the plant body is arranged, for each prescribed time.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a method of fertilizing a plant by a quantitative control method.

Generally, in a circulating nutrient solution cultivation system in a plant factory, concentration control is performed to control the culture solution components by keeping the culture solution concentration constant based on EC (Electric Conductivity) (concentration). Management method).
Further, conventionally, there is a quantitative control method for managing a culture solution by applying fertilizer at regular intervals according to the nutrient requirement amount for each growth stage of a plant. In the quantitative management method, since the required amount of nutrients in the plant can be stably supplied, it is possible to prevent the shortage of nutrients in the culture solution and stabilize the absorption of nutrients in the plant.
These concentration control methods and quantitative control methods are also described in Patent Document 1, and in Patent Document 1, whether it is a quantitative control method or a concentration control method, basically, up to a certain growth stage. It is preferable to increase the amount of fertilizer applied according to the growth of the crop, but changing the amount of fertilizer each time according to the growth state of the crop is a complicated task, and fertilization according to the growth state of the crop is a problem. We are proposing a fertilizer application control device and a fertilizer application control program that can manage the amount easily and appropriately.
In Patent Document 1, the fertilizer application amount for the day is set based on the fertilizer application amount data string that changes according to the number of days elapsed from the planting of the crop, and the fertilizer application amount data string and the actual fertilizer application amount data string are actually set based on the growth assist information input by the worker. Correct the deviation of the growing condition of the cultivated crop.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2012-179006

However, also in Patent Document 1, it is necessary to set the daily fertilizer application amount and to make corrections by the operator.

Therefore, the present invention provides a method for fertilizing a plant by a quantitative control method capable of supplying a topdressing culture solution according to the growth stage by estimating the growth period by determining the growth condition by artificial light. The purpose.

The method of fertilizing a plant according to the quantitative control method of the present invention according to claim 1 is an amount for controlling a culture solution by applying fertilizer at predetermined time intervals according to the required amount of nutrients for each growth stage of the plant. It is a method of fertilizing a plant by a specific management method, and is a growth condition in which the plant is grown by artificial light and the growth conditions including at least the light intensity, the light period time, and the dark period time of the artificial light are determined. Estimated by the determination step 1, the growth period estimation step 2 for estimating the growth period from the planting time to the harvest time of the plant under the growth conditions determined in the growth condition determination step 1, and the growth period estimation step 2. In the fertilizer application amount determination step 3 and the fertilizer application amount determination step 3 in which the growth period is divided into a plurality of the growth stages and the required amount of the nutrient required by the plant is determined in each of the growth stages. The topdressing culture solution preparation step 4 and the topdressing culture solution preparation step 4 in which the required amount of the nutrient for each growth stage determined is added to the starter culture solution in accordance with the growth stage to prepare a topdressing culture solution. It is characterized by having a fertilizer supply supply step 5 for supplying the topdressing culture solution prepared in 1 to the culture solution space in which the plant is arranged at the predetermined time intervals.
According to the second aspect of the present invention, in the method of fertilizing a plant by the quantitative control method according to the first aspect, the growth stage is classified by the first determination time from the time of planting, and the fertilizer application step. The predetermined time is set to a second determination time shorter than the first determination time.
According to the third aspect of the present invention, in the method of fertilizing a plant by the quantitative control method according to the second aspect, one time of the light period and one time of the darkness determined in the growth condition determination step 1. The total time with the period time is defined as the first determination time, and the second determination time is determined by dividing one time of the light period into a plurality of times.
The present invention according to claim 4 is the method of fertilizing a plant by the quantitative control method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the topdressing is performed from the time of planting to the time of harvesting. The first plant group to the Nth plant group (N is an integer of 2 or more) having different growth stages are mixed in the culture solution space so that the required amount of the nutrient in the culture solution becomes constant. It is characterized by letting it.
The present invention according to claim 5 uses the plant as a leaf vegetable, strawberry, or tomato in the method for fertilizing a plant according to the quantitative control method according to any one of claims 1 to 4. It is characterized by that.
The present invention according to claim 6 is a method for fertilizing a plant according to the quantitative control method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the plant is lettuce and the starter culture solution is used. , K ⁺ , Mg ²⁺ , Ca ²⁺ , NO ₃ ⁻ , H ₂ PO ₄ ⁻ and SO _4-2 , and the ^topdressing culture medium contains K ⁺ , NH ₄ ⁺ , Mg ²⁺ , Ca ²⁺ , NO ₃ ^- , H ₂ ^PO ₄ ^- and SO _4-2- are contained.
The present invention according to claim 7 is the method for applying fertilizer to a plant by the quantitative control method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the starter culture solution and the top dressing culture solution are used. It is characterized in that the EC (Electric Conductivity) is in the range of 1.4 to 0.1 (dS ・ m ^-1 ).
The present invention according to claim 8 is the method for fertilizing a plant by the quantitative control method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the culture solution at the growth stage near the time of harvesting is used. It is characterized in that the content of some components is reduced or some of the components are excluded from the culture solution in other growth stages.

According to the present invention, the growth period is estimated by determining the growth conditions by artificial light, and the nutrient requirement amount is determined for each growth stage in which the estimated growth period is divided, so that the topdressing culture solution according to the growth stage is determined. Can be given to plants.

The flow chart which shows the fertilization method to the plant body by the quantitative management method of one Example of this invention. The figure which shows the relationship between the growth condition and the growth period when lettuce is used. A diagram showing the amount of nutrients required by a plant for each growth stage. Diagram showing nutrient requirements for each growth stage

The method of fertilizing a plant according to the quantitative control method according to the first embodiment of the present invention causes the plant to grow by artificial light and includes at least the light intensity, light period time, and dark period time of the artificial light. Estimated by the growth condition determination step that determines the growth condition, the growth period estimation step that estimates the growth period from the planting time to the harvest time of the plant under the growth condition determined in the growth condition determination step, and the growth period estimation step. The growth period is divided into a plurality of growth stages, and the fertilizer application amount determination step for determining the nutrient requirement required by the plant at each growth stage and the nutrient requirement amount for each growth stage determined in the fertilizer application amount determination step. Is added to the starter culture solution according to the growth stage, and the topdressing culture solution preparation step for creating the topdressing culture solution and the topdressing culture solution created in the topdressing culture solution preparation step are arranged at predetermined time intervals. It has a fertilizer application step to supply to the culture solution space to be supplied.
According to this embodiment, the growth period is estimated by determining the growth conditions by artificial light, and the nutrient requirement amount is determined for each growth stage in which the estimated growth period is divided, so that topdressing according to the growth stage is performed. The culture solution can be given to the plant body.

In the second embodiment of the present invention, in the method of fertilizing a plant by the quantitative control method of the first embodiment, the growth stage is divided by the first determination time from the time of planting, and in the fertilization supply step. The predetermined time is defined as the second determination time, which is shorter than the first determination time.
According to this embodiment, the amount of change in the concentration of the culture solution can be reduced by supplying the topdressing culture solution not once for each growth stage but in a plurality of growth stages.

In the third embodiment of the present invention, in the method of fertilizing a plant by the quantitative control method of the second embodiment, one light period and one dark period determined in the growth condition determination step. The total time with the time is defined as the first determination time, and the second determination time is determined by dividing one light period time into a plurality of times.
According to the present embodiment, the growth conditions of the growth stage are determined by the light period time and the dark period time, and the supply timing is further divided into a plurality of times according to the light period time, so that the amount of nutrients absorbed by the plant is absorbed. The supply timing can be determined according to the above, and the minimum required nutrient supply amount can be obtained.

The fourth embodiment of the present invention is the method of fertilizing a plant by the quantitative control method of any one of the first to the third embodiments, in which the topdressing culture solution is prepared from the time of planting to the time of harvesting. In order to keep the required amount of nutrients constant, the first to Nth plant groups (N is an integer of 2 or more) having different growth stages are mixed in the culture solution space.
According to this embodiment, it is not necessary to prepare a top dressing culture solution according to the growth stage, and a top dressing culture solution having a constant component concentration can always be used.

In the fifth embodiment of the present invention, the plant body is a leafy vegetable, strawberry, or tomato in the method of fertilizing the plant body by the quantitative control method of any one of the first to fourth embodiments. Is.
According to this embodiment, appropriate fertilization can be performed by applying it to leafy vegetables, strawberries, or tomatoes.

In the sixth embodiment of the present invention, in the method of fertilizing a plant body by the quantitative control method of any one of the first to fifth embodiments, the plant body is used as lettuce, and the starter culture solution contains K. ⁺ , Mg ²⁺ , Ca ²⁺ , NO ₃ ⁻ , H ₂ PO ₄ ⁻ and SO ₄ ^2- are contained, and the top dressing culture medium contains K ⁺ , NH ₄ ⁺ , Mg ²⁺ , Ca ²⁺ , NO ₃ ⁻ , H. ₂ It contains ^PO _4-2 ^and SO _4-2 .
According to this embodiment, a topdressing culture solution suitable for lettuce can be obtained.

A seventh embodiment of the present invention is a method for applying fertilizer to a plant according to the quantitative control method of any one of the first to sixth embodiments, wherein the starter culture solution and the culture solution EC of the topdressing culture solution are used. The electrical conductivity (Electric Conductivity) is in the range of 1.4 to 0.1 (dSm- ¹ ).
According to this embodiment, sufficient fertilization can be performed with a low-concentration culture solution.

Eighth embodiment of the present invention is the method of fertilizing a plant by the quantitative control method of any one of the first to seventh embodiments, in which other growth is carried out in the culture medium at the growth stage near the time of harvest. The content of some components is reduced or some components are excluded from the culture medium at the stage.
According to this embodiment, for example, vegetables having a low nitrate nitrogen content or delicious vegetables can be cultivated according to the purpose.

Hereinafter, a method of fertilizing a plant by a quantitative control method according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a method of fertilizing a plant body by the quantitative management method of this embodiment.

In the fertilization method of this embodiment, the culture solution is managed by growing the plant body by artificial light and applying fertilizer at predetermined time intervals according to the nutrient requirement for each growth stage of the plant body.
The fertilizer application method of this embodiment includes a growth condition determination step 1, a growth period estimation step 2, a fertilizer application amount determination step 3, a topdressing culture solution preparation step 4, and a fertilizer application supply step 5.
In the growth condition determination step 1, the growth conditions including at least the light intensity of the artificial light, the light period time, and the dark period time are determined.
In the growth period estimation step 2, the growth period from the time of planting to the time of harvest of the plant under the growth conditions determined in the growth condition determination step 1 is estimated.
In the fertilizer application amount determination step 3, the growth period estimated in the growth period estimation step 2 is divided into a plurality of growth stages, and the required amount of nutrients required by the plant at each growth stage is determined.
In the top dressing culture solution preparation step 4, the required amount of nutrients for each growth stage determined in the fertilizer application amount determination step 3 is added to the starter culture solution according to the growth stage to prepare the top dressing culture solution.
In the fertilizer application supply step 5, the top dressing culture solution prepared in the top dressing culture solution preparation step 4 is supplied to the culture solution space in which the plants are arranged at predetermined time intervals.

In this way, the growth period is estimated by determining the growth conditions by artificial light, and the nutrient requirement amount is determined for each growth stage in which the estimated growth period is divided, so that the topdressing culture solution suitable for the growth stage can be obtained from the plant. Can be given to the body.
For example, when "frill ice (Snow Brand Seed)" is used as the lettuce, the growth conditions are as follows: temperature 21 ° C., CO ₂ concentration 1,500 μmol · mol ^-1 , light / dark period 16 / 8h, PPFD 200 μmol ·. When m ^-2 and s ^-1 were used, the primary seedlings were raised for 16 to 17 days, and then the secondary seedlings were raised for 11 to 12 days, the growth period from planting to harvest was 12 to 13 days.
Figure 2 shows the relationship between the growing conditions and the growing period when lettuce is used.
By determining the growth conditions in this way, the growth period can be estimated.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the required amount of nutrients required by the plant at each growth stage.
In FIG. 3, lettuce "frill ice (Snow Brand Seed)" is used as a plant, and the growth period is 12 days, and each growth stage is 1 day.
As shown in FIG. 3, the 12-day growth period can be divided into daily growth stages, and the amount of nutrients required by the plant can be determined at each growth stage. Therefore, the determined amount of nutrients required for each growth stage can be added to the starter culture solution according to the growth stage.

The growth stage is divided by the first determination time (for example, 24H) from the time of planting, and the predetermined time in the fertilization supply step 5 is set as the second determination time shorter than the first determination time.
In this way, the amount of change in the concentration of the culture solution is reduced by supplying the topdressing culture solution not once for each growth stage (for example, one day) but for each growth stage (for example, one day) in a plurality of times. Can be done.
The first determination time (for example, 24H) is the total time of one light period time (for example, 16H) and one dark period time (for example, 8H) determined in the growth condition determination step 1, and the second determination time is defined as. One light period time is divided into a plurality of (for example, 4 times) and determined (for example, 4H is determined).
In this way, the growth conditions of the growth stage are determined by the light period time and the dark period time, and the supply timing is further divided into multiple times according to the light period time, so that the supply is matched to the nutrient absorption amount of the plant. The timing can be determined and the minimum required nutrient supply can be achieved.

From the time of planting to the time of harvesting, the first to Nth plant groups (N is 2) in different growth stages in the culture solution space so that the nutrient requirement of the topdressing culture solution is constant. By mixing the above integers), it is not necessary to prepare a topdressing culture medium according to the growth stage, and a topdressing culture medium having a constant component concentration can always be used.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the required amount of nutrients for each growth stage, FIG. 4 (a) shows the required amount of nutrients when 24 new plants are planted per day, and FIG. 4 (b) shows the required amount of nutrients when 288 plants are planted at the same time. It shows the required amount of nutrients when
In FIG. 4, lettuce "frill ice (Snow Brand Seed)" is used as a plant, and the growth period is 12 days, and each growth stage is 1 day.

In FIG. 4A, 28 plants are harvested on the first day of planting on the 13th day, but since 28 new plants are planted, the nutrient requirement increases until the 11th day, but after the 12th day, the nutrient requirement increases. The required amount is the same as the nutrient on the 12th day.
In FIG. 4 (b), since 288 strains are planted at the same time, the amount of nutrients required increases depending on the growth stage.
When the plant is lettuce, the starter culture medium contains K ⁺ , Mg ²⁺ , Ca ²⁺ , NO _3- ^, H ₂ PO _4- ^and SO _4-2 , and the top ^dressing culture solution contains K. It contains ⁺ , ^NH ₄₊ , Mg ²⁺ , Ca ²⁺ , NO _3- ^, H _{2 PO 4-} ^and SO ^4-2 . In addition, in the culture solution at the growth stage near the time of harvest, by reducing the content of some components or excluding some components from the culture solution at other growth stages, for example, vegetables with low nitrate nitrogen. Or, like delicious vegetables, it can be cultivated according to the purpose.
According to the experimental results using lettuce, the culture solution EC (Electric Conductivity) of the starter culture solution and the top dressing culture solution can be in the range of 1.4 to 0.1 (dS ・ m ^-1 ). It is possible to apply sufficient fertilizer with a low-concentration culture solution.

In FIG. 4A, the starter culture solution is stored in a culture solution tank having a width of 120 cm and a length of 720 cm so as to be at a height of 3 cm from the bottom surface of the culture solution tank, and 6 in a cultivation panel having a width of 30 cm and a length of 60 cm. Strains of lettuce are planted and cultivated by floating 4 panels (24 strains) per day in the culture solution tank until the 12th, and from the 13th day, they are cultivated by floating 4 panels (24 strains) per day in the culture solution tank. At the same time, 4 panels (24 strains) are harvested daily. The total amount of culture solution in the nutrient solution tank is calculated to be about 260 L, but a part of the culture solution (about 50 L) in the culture solution tank overflows and decreases by floating the cultivation panel, but the culture solution tank Since it is necessary to provide a culture solution circulation tank (about 50 L) separately, the total amount of the solution is about 260 L. In this case, the EC of the starter culture solution was about EC 0.7 (dS ・ m ^-1 ), and the EC of the topdressing culture solution was about EC0.1.4 (dS ・ m ^-1 ).
The method of fertilizing a plant by the quantitative management method of this example can be applied to leafy vegetables, strawberries, or tomatoes as a plant.

The present invention can be used for hydroponics using artificial light such as LED.

1 Growth condition determination step 2 Growth period estimation step 3 Fertilization amount determination step 4 Topdressing culture solution preparation step 5 Fertilization supply step

Claims (8)

It is a method of fertilizing plants by a quantitative management method that manages the culture solution by applying fertilizer at predetermined time intervals according to the amount of nutrients required for each growth stage of the plant.
The plant is grown by artificial light and
A growth condition determination step for determining a growth condition including at least the light intensity, light period time, and dark period time of the artificial light, and
A growth period estimation step for estimating the growth period from the time of planting to the time of harvest of the plant under the growth conditions determined in the growth condition determination step, and
A fertilizer application amount determination step in which the growth period estimated in the growth period estimation step is divided into a plurality of the growth stages, and the required amount of the nutrient required by the plant in each of the growth stages is determined.
The top dressing culture solution preparation step of adding the required amount of the nutrient for each growth stage determined in the fertilizer application amount determination step to the starter culture solution in accordance with the growth stage to prepare the top dressing culture solution, and the top dressing culture solution preparation step.
A plant according to a quantitative management method, which comprises a fertilizer supply step of supplying the topdressing culture solution prepared in the topdressing culture solution preparation step to the culture medium space in which the plant body is arranged at the predetermined time intervals. How to apply fertilizer to the body. The growth stage is divided by the first determination time from the time of planting.
The method for fertilizing a plant according to the quantitative control method according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined time in the fertilization supply step is set to a second determination time shorter than the first determination time. The total time of one light period time and one dark period time determined in the growth condition determination step is defined as the first determination time.
The method for fertilizing a plant by the quantitative control method according to claim 2, wherein the second determination time is determined by dividing one light period time into a plurality of divisions. From the time of planting to the time of harvesting, the required amount of the nutrient in the topdressing culture solution is constant.
Any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the culture solution space is mixed with the first plant group to the Nth plant group (N is an integer of 2 or more) having different growth stages. A method for fertilizing a plant by the quantitative management method described in item 1. The method for fertilizing a plant by the quantitative management method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the plant is a leafy vegetable, a strawberry, or a tomato. Lettuce is used as the plant.
The starter culture medium contains K ⁺ , Mg ²⁺ , Ca ²⁺ , NO _3- ^, H ₂ ^{PO 4-} _and ^SO _4-2 .
Claims 1 to ₅ are characterized in that the ^topdressing culture solution contains K ⁺ , NH ₄₊ , Mg ²⁺ , Ca ²⁺ , NO _3- ^, H ₂ PO _4- ^, and SO ^4-2 . A method for fertilizing a plant by the quantitative management method according to any one of the above items. Claim 1 is characterized in that the culture solution EC (electric conductivity, Electric Conductivity) of the starter culture solution and the topdressing culture solution is in the range of 1.4 to 0.1 (dSm- ¹ ). A method for fertilizing a plant by the quantitative management method according to any one of claims 6. Claim 1 is characterized in that, in the culture solution at the growth stage near the time of harvesting, the content of some components is reduced or some of the components are excluded from the culture solution at the other growth stages. A method for fertilizing a plant by the quantitative management method according to any one of claims 7.

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