JP2021505851A - 下流試験用の規定濃度の感染因子を含む出力サンプルの調製 - Google Patents
下流試験用の規定濃度の感染因子を含む出力サンプルの調製 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
[0002] 本開示は、一般的には、診断用サンプルの調製、より具体的には、下流試験用の規定濃度の感染因子を含む出力サンプルを調製する装置、システム、及び方法に関する。
[0003] 抗感染剤耐性の微生物又は感染因子により引き起こされる感染は、病院、養護ホーム、及び他のヘルスケア環境のヘルスケア専門家にとって重大な問題である。抗生物質又は他の抗感染剤に対する、かかる感染因子の感受性の迅速検出は、その耐性プロファイルの広がりを予防するうえできわめて重要である。陽性血液培養物などのサンプル中の感染因子を同定するために新しい技術(たとえば、マトリックス支援レーザー脱離/イオン化飛行時間質量分析(MALDI−TOF MS)、迅速ポリメラーゼ連鎖反応(迅速PCR)など)が開発されてきたが、ほとんどの試験プロトコルの第1の工程は、依然として規定濃度の感染因子を含む出力サンプルの調製を含む。たとえば、ほとんどの抗感染剤又は抗生物質感受性試験(AST)プロトコルは、マクファーランド標準にマッチする濃度を有する出力サンプル又は接種物の調製を必要とする。
[0006] 規定濃度の出力サンプルを調製する各種方法、デバイス、及びシステムが開示される。一実施形態では、規定濃度の出力サンプルを調製する方法が開示される。本方法は、感染因子を含む原サンプル(source sample)のアリコートをある希釈倍率で希釈して希釈サンプルを生成することと、希釈サンプルに1つ以上のセンサーを暴露することと、を含む。1つ以上のセンサーの各々の少なくとも一部は、希釈サンプルに暴露したときに希釈サンプルに流体連通可能である。本方法は、希釈サンプルをあるインキュベーション温度でインキュベートすることをさらに含みうる。希釈サンプルは、1つ以上のセンサーが希釈サンプルに暴露されるときにインキュベート可能である。インキュベーション温度は約33℃〜約37℃でありうる。
[0040] 本明細書に記載のデバイス、システム、及び方法の変形形態は、添付の図面と組み合わせて読めば詳細な説明から最良に理解される。通常の慣例に従って、図面の各種特徴は、原寸通りでないこともあることが強調される。それとは対照的に、各種特徴の寸法は、明確さを期して任意に拡大又は縮小されることもあり、すべての特徴がすべての図面に見られるとも記されているとも限らない。図面は、単に例示を目的として挙げられているにすぎず、示されたものに特許請求の範囲を規定又は限定することが意図されるものではない。
ストレプトコッカス・ニューモニエ(Streptococcus pneumoniae)、テトラサイクリン耐性血清型19Fストレプトコッカス・ニューモニエ(Streptococcus pneumoniae)、ペニシリン耐性血清型19Fストレプトコッカス・ニューモニエ(Streptococcus pneumoniae)、及びトリメトプリム耐性血清型23Fストレプトコッカス・ニューモニエ(Streptococcus pneumoniae)、クロラムフェニコール耐性血清型4ストレプトコッカス・ニューモニエ(Streptococcus pneumoniae)、スペクチノマイシン耐性血清型6Bストレプトコッカス・ニューモニエ(Streptococcus pneumoniae)、ストレプトマイシン耐性血清型9Vストレプトコッカス・ニューモニエ(Streptococcus pneumoniae)、オプトキン耐性血清型14ストレプトコッカス・ニューモニエ(Streptococcus pneumoniae)、リファンピシン耐性血清型18Cストレプトコッカス・ニューモニエ(Streptococcus pneumoniae)、ペニシリン耐性血清型19Fストレプトコッカス・ニューモニエ(Streptococcus pneumoniae)、又はトリメトプリム耐性血清型23Fストレプトコッカス・ニューモニエ(Streptococcus pneumoniae))、ストレプトコッカス・アガラクティエ(Streptococcus agalactiae)、ストレプトコッカス・ミュータンス(Streptococcus mutans)、ストレプトコッカス・ピオゲネス(Streptococcus pyogenes)、A群連鎖球菌、ストレプトコッカス・ピオゲネス(Streptococcus pyogenes)、B群連鎖球菌、ストレプトコッカス・アガラクティエ(Streptococcus agalactiae)、C群連鎖球菌、ストレプトコッカス・アンギノサス(Streptococcus anginosus)、ストレプトコッカス・エクイスミリス(Streptcoccus equismilis)、D群連鎖球菌、ストレプトコッカス・ボビス(Streptococcus bovis)、F群連鎖球菌、及びストレプトコッカス・アンギノサス(Streptococcus anginosus)G群連鎖球菌)を含む)、スピリルム・ミヌス(Spirillum minus)、ストレプトバチルス・モニリホルミ(Streptobacillus moniliformi)、トレポネーマ属(Treponema)の種(限定されるものではないが、トレポネーマ・カラテウム(Treponema carateum)、トレポネーマ・ペルテヌエ(Treponema petenue)、トレポネーマ・パリダム(Treponema Pallidum)、及びトレポネーマ・エンデミカム(Treponema endemicum)を含む、トロフェリマ・ウィッペリイ(Tropheryma whippelii)、ウレアプラズマ・ウレアリティカム(Ureaplasma urealyticum)、ベイロネラ属(Veillonella)種、ビブリオ属(Vibrio)の種(限定されるものではないが、ビブリオ・コレラ(Vibrio cholerae)、ビブリオ・パラヘモリティカス(Vibrio parahemolyticus)、ビブリオ・バルニフィカス(Vibrio vulnificus)、ビブリオ・パラヘモリティカス(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)、ビブリオ・バルニフィカス(Vibrio vulnificus)、ビブリオ・アルギノリティカス(Vibrio alginolyticus)、ビブリオ・ミミカス(Vibrio mimicus)、ビブリオ・ホリセ(Vibrio hollisae)、ビブリオ・フルビアリス(Vibrio fluvialis)、ビブリオ・メッチニコビイ(Vibrio metchnikovii)、ビブリオ・ダムセラ(Vibrio damsela)、及びビブリオ・ファーニシイ(Vibrio furnisii)を含む)、エルシニア属(Yersinia)の種(限定されるものではないが、エルシニア・エンテロコリティカ(Yersinia enterocolitica)、エルシニア・ペスティス(Yersinia pestis)、及びエルシニア・シュードツベルクローシス(Yersinia pseudotuberculosis)を含む)、並びにキサントモナス・マルトフィリア(Xanthomonas maltophilia)をとりわけ含みうる。
Claims (21)
- 規定濃度の出力サンプルの調製方法であって、
感染因子を含む原サンプルのアリコートをある希釈倍率で希釈することであって、希釈サンプルを生成する、こと、
前記希釈サンプルに1つ以上のセンサーを暴露することであって、前記1つ以上のセンサーの各々の少なくとも一部が前記希釈サンプルに暴露したときに前記希釈サンプルに流体連通する、こと、
前記希釈サンプルをあるインキュベーション温度でインキュベートすることであって、前記1つ以上のセンサーが前記希釈サンプルに暴露されるときに前記希釈サンプルがインキュベートされる、こと、
前記1つ以上のセンサーに結合されたパラメーターアナライザー又はコンピューティングデバイスを用いて前記希釈サンプルの溶液特性の変化をモニターすること、及び
前記希釈サンプルの溶液特性が閾値量変化するときに前記希釈サンプルをある冷却温度に冷却することであって、前記規定濃度の出力サンプルを生成する、こと、
を含む、方法。 - 前記希釈サンプルの溶液特性の変化をモニターすることの前に、データベースからユニバーサルルックアップテーブルを検索すること、及び
前記規定濃度、前記ユニバーサルルックアップテーブルから得られる濃度データ、及び前記ユニバーサルルックアップテーブルから得られる溶液特性データに基づいて前記閾値量を設定すること、
をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法であって、
前記ユニバーサルルックアップテーブルが、経時的にモニターされた複数の参照サンプルから測定されたデータを表す、複数の株特異的ルックアップテーブルから作成され、且つ
前記複数の参照サンプルの少なくとも1つが、前記原サンプル中の感染因子とは異なる種の参照感染因子を含む、方法。 - 前記複数の株特異的ルックアップテーブルの各々が、
ある時間域にわたり参照サンプルの溶液特性の変化をモニターすること、
同一時間域にわたり前記参照サンプルのサンプル計数アッセイを行うこと、
変換係数を用いて前記サンプル計数アッセイの結果を参照サンプル濃度に変換すること、及び
前記参照サンプル濃度を前記参照サンプルの溶液特性の変化に関連付けること、
により作成される、請求項2に記載の方法。 - 前記ユニバーサルルックアップテーブルが、前記参照サンプル濃度の各々について前記複数の株特異的ルックアップテーブルから得られるすべての溶液特性変化量の平均をとることと、前記参照サンプル濃度の各々を平均化溶液特性変化量に関連付けることと、により作成される、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記サンプル計数アッセイが、光学濃度測定、プレートカウントアッセイ、フローサイトメトリーアッセイ、又はそれらの組合せを含む、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記希釈サンプルの溶液特性の変化をモニターする前に前記原サンプル中の感染因子の種に基づいてデータベースから種特異的ルックアップテーブルを検索すること、及び
前記規定濃度、前記種特異的ルックアップテーブルから得られる濃度データ、及び前記種特異的ルックアップテーブルから得られる溶液特性データに基づいて前記閾値量を設定すること、
をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法であって、
前記種特異的ルックアップテーブルが、経時的にモニターされた複数の参照サンプルから得られるデータを表す複数の株特異的ルックアップテーブルから作成され、且つ
前記複数の参照サンプルの各々が、前記原サンプル中の感染因子と同一種の参照感染因子を含む、方法。 - 前記複数の株特異的ルックアップテーブルの各々が、
ある時間域にわたり参照サンプルの溶液特性の変化をモニターすること、
同一時間域にわたり前記参照サンプルのサンプル計数アッセイを行うこと、
変換係数を用いて前記サンプル計数アッセイの結果を参照サンプル濃度に変換すること、及び
前記参照サンプル濃度を前記参照サンプルの溶液特性の変化に関連付けること、
により作成される、請求項6に記載の方法。 - 前記種特異的ルックアップテーブルが、前記参照サンプル濃度の各々について前記複数の株特異的ルックアップテーブルから得られるすべての溶液特性変化量の平均をとること、及び前記参照サンプル濃度の各々を平均化溶液特性変化量に関連付けること、により作成される、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記サンプル計数アッセイが、光学濃度測定、プレートカウントアッセイ、フローサイトメトリーアッセイ、又はそれらの組合せを含む、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記インキュベーション温度が約33℃〜37℃である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記冷却温度が約4℃〜25℃である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記出力サンプルを他の希釈倍率で希釈してさらなる希釈サンプルを生成することをさらに含み、前記さらなる希釈サンプルが、下流試験に必要とされる感染因子濃度を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記溶液特性が酸化還元電位(ORP)であり且つ前記1つ以上のセンサーがORPセンサーであり、前記1つ以上のORPセンサーの各々がレドックス活性層を含み、前記ORPが、前記希釈サンプル中にいずれの添加レポーター分子も存在させることなくモニターされる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記1つ以上のORPセンサーの各々が、少なくとも活性電極と参照電極とを含む、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記レドックス活性層が、金層、白金層、金属酸化物層、炭素層、又はそれらの組合せを含む、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記溶液特性がpHであり且つ前記1つ以上のセンサーがpHセンサーであり、前記1つ以上のpHセンサーの各々がpH感受性層を含み、前記pHが、前記希釈サンプル中にいずれの添加レポーター分子も存在させることなくモニターされる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記1つ以上のpHセンサーの各々が、少なくとも活性電極と参照電極とを含む、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記pH感受性層が、酸化物層、シラン層、自己組織化単分子層(SAM)、ヒドロゲル層、タンパク質層、ポリマー層、又はそれらの組合せを含む、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記原サンプルが、体液、創傷スワブ若しくはサンプル、直腸スワブ若しくはサンプル、他のタイプの生物学的サンプル、それらに由来する培養物、又はそれらの組合せを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記体液が、尿、血液、痰、唾液、母乳、脊髄液、精液、膣分泌液、滑液、胸水、腹水、心嚢液、羊水、感染因子成長の試験で陽性を示した体液の培養物、又はそれらの組合せを含む、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記感染因子が、細菌、真菌、カビ、又はそれらの組合せを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
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