JP2021193906A - Egg with high squalene content - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a high value-added egg, a feed additive and feed for obtaining the high value-added egg, and methods using them.SOLUTION: The chicken egg of the present invention comprises a high content of squalene. The chicken egg of the present invention can be efficiently produced by using a strain belonging to Aurantiochytrium as feed.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention uses chicken eggs containing high squalene, feed additives and feeds for improving the amount of squalene in chicken eggs, and methods using them, more specifically, algae belonging to the genus Aurantiochytrium. By doing so, it relates to obtaining chicken eggs containing high squalene.

In the egg industry in recent years, egg prices have been stable at low prices due to the increase in large-scale poultry farms by companies. Therefore, in order to increase profitability, functional eggs obtained by chickens fed by adding functional ingredients to feed are produced as high value-added chicken eggs. For example, as functional eggs, eggs containing iodine and vitamin E are already sold by many brands. Eggs containing carotenoids such as astaxanthin and zeaxanthin are expected to have not only the functionality due to their antioxidant power but also the effect of improving the color tone of egg yolk (Patent Documents 1 and 2). Since ω-3 fatty acids such as DHA and EPA and medium-chain fatty acids have the function of improving lifestyle-related diseases such as reducing cholesterol and suppressing body fat, functional eggs containing a large amount of these fatty acids are produced. (Patent Documents 3 and 4). It has also been reported that algae such as chlorella for increasing lutein and spirulina for increasing zeaxanthin are used as feed additives containing a large amount of functional components (Patent Documents 5 and 6).

Squalene is an isoprenoid hydrocarbon compound with 6 non-conjugated double bonds. It is known to have various effects such as skin moisturizing effect, antioxidant effect, and liver function improving effect, and is used in medicines, cosmetics, supplements, and the like. Squalene is also biosynthesized in mammals such as humans through the mevalonate pathway, is localized mainly in the epidermis of the skin, and is useful for moisturizing the skin (Non-Patent Document 1). In addition, squalene is an intermediate product leading to sterols such as cholesterol, and is a precursor of steroid hormones that play an important role in life support. Most of the squalene currently on the market is extracted from deep-sea shark liver oil, and attempts have been made to produce fish and shellfish containing a high content of squalene (Patent Document 7). However, squalene has an important role to be converted into sterols for mammals except that it is localized in the skin, and even if squalene is fed to chickens, it is considered to be converted to sterols and used for life support. Be done. Therefore, it is unlikely that squalene will accumulate in the eggs, and few attempts have been made to produce eggs with high squalene content. For example, Patent Document 8 attempts to produce functional eggs by adding shark liver oil to chicken food, but does not even describe the accumulation of squalene in eggs.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2004-305057 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2012-170425 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2009-201472 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-288362 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2004-298062 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 10-155430 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2017-77188 U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2010/0278966 Japanese Patent No. 6265407 Japanese Patent No. 5942197

Oil Chemistry Vol. 39, No. 8 (1990) 525-529 World J Microbiol Biotechnol (2010) 26: 1303-1309

The present invention provides high value-added eggs, feed additives and feeds for obtaining high value eggs, and methods using them.

As a result of diligent research, the present inventors have succeeded in obtaining chicken eggs containing a high content of squalene and DHA by feeding chickens with algae belonging to the genus Aurantiochytrium.

The present application provides the following inventions:
(1) A chicken egg containing at least 4.0 mg / 100 g of squalene per 100 g of whole egg edible portion.
(2) A chicken egg containing at least 0.15 mg / g of squalene per 1 g of egg yolk.
(3) The chicken egg according to (1) or (2), further containing at least 3.00 mg / g of DHA per 1 g of egg yolk.
(4) A feed additive for chickens for increasing the amount of squalene in chicken eggs, which contains algae of a strain belonging to the genus Aurantiochytrium.
(5) The chicken feed additive according to (4), wherein the strain belonging to the genus Aurantiochytrium is a strain of Aurantiochytrium manglow bay.
(6) The chicken feed additive according to (5), wherein the Aurantiochytrium manglow bay strain is Aurantiochytrium manglow bay 18W-13a strain.
(7) The chicken feed addition according to any one of (4) to (6), wherein the strain belonging to the genus Aurantiochytrium contains at least 1.0% by weight of squalene per dry weight of the algae. Agent.
(8) The item according to any one of (4) to (7), wherein the algae is contained in an amount of 1.0% by weight to 20.0% by weight in terms of dry algae with respect to the total weight of the feed. Feed additive for chickens.
(9) A method for producing a squalene-rich chicken egg, which comprises feeding chickens with a feed containing the chicken feed additive according to any one of (4) to (8).
(10) The chicken egg according to any one of (1) to (3), which is obtained by the method according to (9).

The chicken egg of the present invention contains a high content of squalene. The chicken egg of the present invention has an advantage that squalene can be easily ingested as a food. Furthermore, the chicken egg of the present invention contains not only squalene but also DHA in a high content. Further, since Aurantiochytrium used for the chicken egg of the present invention is a natural product, it is also preferable in terms of safety for humans who eat it. Further, in the method for producing chicken eggs of the present invention, Aurantiochytrium can be mass-cultured and stored as dried algae, so that squalene-rich chicken eggs can be produced easily and at low cost. Further, the squalene-rich chicken egg obtained in the present invention has no odor peculiar to shark liver oil and can be used for cooking, etc., even when compared with shark liver oil, which is a squalene-rich product currently on the market. Therefore, it has the advantage of being easy to take.

FIG. 1 shows the amount of squalene per 100 g of edible portion contained in whole eggs produced by chickens raised using a feed containing or not containing algae of Aurantiochytrium manglow bay 18W-13a strain (mg / mg /). The transition of 100g) is shown. FIG. 2 shows the amount of squalene per gram (mg / g yolk) contained in the yolk of chicken eggs produced by chickens raised using a feed containing or not containing algae of Aurantiochytrium manglow bay 18W-13a strain. Show the transition. FIG. 3 shows the amount of DHA per gram (mg / g yolk) contained in the yolk of chicken eggs produced by chickens raised using a feed containing or not containing algae of Aurantiochytrium manglow bay 18W-13a strain. Show the transition.

Squalene (CAS No. 111-02-4) is an isoprenoid hydrocarbon compound having 6 non-conjugated double bonds. As mentioned above, squalene is also biosynthesized in mammals such as humans and chickens, but due to conversion to sterols and accumulation in sebum, it is thought that squalene will accumulate in the eggs even if squalene is fed to chickens. Difficult, few attempts have been made to produce squalene-rich chicken eggs.

However, as a result of diligent research, the present inventors have succeeded in increasing the content of squalene in chicken eggs. The present invention is based on the findings of such inventors.

The present application provides chicken eggs containing high squalene.

In the squalene-rich chicken egg of the present invention, for example, the squalene weight with respect to the edible portion (total of egg white and egg yolk) of the whole egg is at least 3.0 mg / 100 g, at least 3.5 mg / 100 g, or at least per 100 g of the edible portion. It can be 4.0 mg / 100 g, at least 4.5 mg / 100 g, at least 5.0 mg / 100 g, at least 6.0 mg / 100 g, at least 7.0 mg / 100 g, and the like. Preferably, it is at least 4.0 mg / 100 g.

For example, in the squalene-rich chicken egg of the present invention, the squalene weight with respect to the edible portion (total of egg white and egg yolk) of the whole egg is at least 1.5 mg / piece in the case of an egg having an edible portion weight of 50 g. It can be an egg, at least 1.75 mg / egg, at least 2.0 mg / egg, at least 2.25 mg / egg, at least 2.5 mg / egg, at least 3.00 mg / egg, at least 3.5 mg / egg, and the like. Preferably, it is at least 2.0 mg / egg.

Alternatively, the squalane-rich chicken egg of the present invention has a squalane weight relative to egg yolk weight of at least 0.10 mg / g, at least 0.11 mg / g, at least 0.12 mg / g, and at least 0.13 mg / g per 1 g of egg yolk. At least 0.14 mg / g, at least 0.15 mg / g, at least 0.16 mg / g, at least 0.17 mg / g, at least 0.18 mg / g, at least 0.19 mg / g, at least 0.20 mg / g, at least It can be 0.25 mg / g or the like.

Furthermore, the chicken egg of the present invention contains a high content of DHA. The amount of DHA is not limited, but is at least 1.00 mg / g, at least 1.50 mg / g, at least 2.00 mg / g, at least 3.00 mg / g, and at least 4.00 mg per 1 g of yolk as a weight with respect to the yolk weight. It may be / g (w / w), at least 5.00 mg / g (w / w), and the like. Preferably, it is at least 3.0 mg / g.

The chicken egg of the present invention can be obtained by using algae belonging to the genus Aurantiochytrium as feed. Therefore, the squalene-rich chicken egg of the present invention is, for example, when the feed additive or feed of the present invention is applied, as compared with the case where the feed additive or feed of the present invention is not applied (control). The amount of squalene in the eggs produced by chickens is increased with a statistically significant difference (for example, Dunnett's test) with a significance level of 5%, or for example, 5% or more, 10% or more, 20 % Or more, 30% or more, 40% or more, 50% or more, 60% or more, 70% or more, 80% or more, 90% or more, 100% or more, 200% or more, 300% or more, 400% or more, 500% or more , Or even more. The DHA-rich chicken egg of the present invention is, for example, when the feed additive or feed of the present invention is applied, as compared with the case where the feed additive or feed of the present invention is not applied (control). The amount of DHA in the laid chicken egg is increased with a statistically significant difference (for example, Dunnett's test) with a significance level of 5%, or for example, 5% or more, 10% or more, 20% or more. , 30% or more, 40% or more, 50% or more, 60% or more, 70% or more, 80% or more, 90% or more, 100% or more, 200% or more, 300% or more, 400% or more, 500% or more, or It may be more than that.

The present invention also provides feed additives and feeds containing algae from strains belonging to Aurantiochytrium. Examples of the strain belonging to the genus Aurantiochytrium include Aurantiochytrium mangrovei strains such as Aurantiochytrium manglow bay 18W-13a strain, and Aurantiochytrium lymasinum 4W-1b strain. Aurantiochytrium lymacinum strains such as Aurantiochytrium lymacinum SR-21 strain and Aurantiochytrium limacinum strain such as Aurantiochytrium lymacinum NIES3737 strain can be used. In one embodiment, Aurantiochytrium manglow bay 18W-13a strain is mentioned. It is preferably Aurantiochytrium manglow bay 18W-13a strain.

The feed additive or feed of the present invention may contain any one of the above-mentioned algae of the strain belonging to the genus Aurantiochytrium alone, and any two or more kinds of algae may be contained. It may be contained in the combination and ratio of.

The culture of the strain belonging to the genus Aurantiochytrium can be cultivated by sowing in a medium such as GTY medium and placing it under aerobic conditions as in the example, or, for example, in Patent Documents 9, 10 and the like. As described, it can be carried out by any method known in the art, but for example, as described in Non-Patent Document 2 and the like, an improved method for improving the amount of squalene and DHA is used. May be good.

The algae belonging to the genus Aurantiochytrium used in the present invention are not limited, but are at least 1.0% by weight, at least 2.0% by weight, and at least 3.0% by weight, based on the dry weight of the algae after culturing. It may contain at least 4.0% by weight, at least 5.0% by weight or more of squalene. The algae belonging to the genus Aurantiochytrium used in the present invention are not limited, but are at least 1.0% by weight, at least 2.0% by weight, and at least 3.0% by weight per dry weight of the algae after culturing. %, At least 4.0% by weight, at least 5.0% by weight or more may contain DHA.

The feed additive of the present invention may be composed of or may be contained in the above-mentioned Aurantiochytrium algae, for example, the Aurantiochytrium algae in the feed additive of the present invention. However, it can be arbitrarily blended so as to be 10 to 50% by weight, 20 to 80% by weight, 30 to 90% by weight, 50 to 80% by weight, 80 to 100% by weight, etc. in terms of dry weight. However, such a ratio varies depending on the type and blending amount of the feed additive and various components contained in the feed, and is not limited to the above ratio as long as the effect of the present invention is exhibited.

Aurantiochytrium algae may be used as they are, but if necessary, they may be dried, crushed, sterilized, washed, diluted with any solvent of the dried product, and then powdered, liquid, solid, etc. It may be processed into various forms such as granules, granules, and pastes, and can be arbitrarily selected according to administration, storage conditions, and the like.

The feed additive of the present invention can directly be used with the above-mentioned Aurantiochytrium algae, or with one or more other components such as excipients, carriers and / or diluents. In combination, it can be added to any chicken feed.

The proportion of algae of the genus Aurantiochitrium in the feed of the present invention can be appropriately determined according to their purpose, form, usage, etc., for example, 1.0 to 10% by weight in terms of dry weight. 1.0 to 20% by weight, 1.0 to 50% by weight, 2.0 to 40% by weight, 3.0 to 30% by weight, 4.0 to 20% by weight, 5.0 to 10% by weight, etc. Can be blended like this.

Feed includes processed or extracts of animal or plant origin, fats and oils, carbohydrates, organic acids, vitamins, minerals, antibiotics, flavors, colorants, preservatives, excipients, bulking agents, thickeners, adhesives. Materials commonly used in feed preparation, such as wettable powders, disintegrants, emulsifiers, and / or pH regulators, are preferably contained to suit specific chicken-rearing conditions.

The feed and feed additives may be in any suitable form, eg granules, powders, mixtures with ground grains, moist pellets, dry pellets, extruder pellets, flakes, pastes, cakes or tablets. good.

The present application also provides a method for producing a squalene-rich chicken egg, which comprises feeding a chicken with a feed containing the feed additive of the present invention. The target chickens to be fed are not limited, and any kind of chickens that can be bred and spawned by the feed, such as Julia, White Leghorn, Rhode Island Red, Plymouth Rock chicken, and Shamo chicken, etc. It may be there.

The frequency of feeding the feed containing the feed additive of the present invention is once every two weeks, once a week, once every three days, once every two days, once a day, twice a day, 1 You can choose to feed 3 times a day, unlimited feeding, feeding each time, etc., but it is not limited to these. For example, when feeding is mechanized in chicken breeding, it is rational to automatically feed a feed containing a certain amount of Aurantiochytrium algae rather than specifying the frequency. There are also things like that.

The period for feeding the feed containing the feed additive of the present invention is 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, January, February, March. , June, 1 year, 2 years, etc. can be selected arbitrarily, but is not limited to these. For example, as shown in Examples, the amount of squalene and the amount of DHA in chicken eggs increased on the 6th day after the start of feeding, but the feeding period was increased to 12 days, 18 days, and 24 days to further increase squalene. You may try to increase the amount.

Next, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples. The present invention is not limited thereto.

Culture of Aurantiochytrium manglow bay 18W-13a strain:
Aurantiochytrium manglow bay 18W-13a strain provided by University of Tsukuba is sterilized 90L volume of GTY medium in a jar fermenter (1L of 1/2 diluted seawater contains 20g of glucose, 5g of yeast extract, 10g of tryptone) 60L Was sown in. The cells were cultured at a culture temperature of 25 ° C. for 3 days under aerobic conditions by controlling the aeration volume at 5 to 10 (L / min) and the stirring speed at 30 to 60 (rpm). After completion of the culture, the algae were collected, frozen at −80 ° C., and dried in a freeze-dryer to obtain dried algae.

When lipids were extracted from the dried algae and the contents of squalene and DHA were measured by the following analysis method, squalene contained 5.44% by weight and DHA contained 4.31% by weight in the dried algae. rice field.

Feed preparation:
A feed prepared by mixing 5% by weight of the above dried algae with Cure 17 (Showa Sangyo Co., Ltd.), a mixed feed for adult chickens (hereinafter referred to as 18W-13a 5% mixed feed). The raw materials contained in Cure 17 and the blending ratio (% by weight) are shown in Table 1 below.

Feeding test:
At the Ibaraki Prefectural Livestock Center, 12 shiratama egg-laying chicken Julia species, which were normally fed with cure 17, were divided into 2 test groups (6 in each test group), and 18W-13a 5 as a test group in test group 1. % Mixed feed was fed to Test Group 2, and normal feed was fed to Test Group 2 as a control group. The feeding method was unlimited feeding, and the feeding start date was set to the 0th day, and the feeding was carried out for a total of 76 days until the 75th day. During the test period, eggs were collected every day and the number of eggs laid for each chicken was counted. In addition, the weight of the whole egg and the yolk of each egg collected once a week, the lipid was extracted from the yolk, and the amount of lipid, the amount of squalane, and the amount of DHA were measured. The lipid amount, squalene amount, and DHA amount were converted into values in whole eggs, and the averages of the test group and the control group were calculated.

After the feeding test was completed, normal feed was fed in all test groups, and 14 days later, the lipid amount, squalene amount, and DHA amount of the eggs collected were measured.

Analysis method:
For the amount of lipids in the algae and egg yolk, add a mixed solution of chloroform / methanol (volume ratio 2: 1) to the sample and mix well, add a 0.9% NaCl aqueous solution and mix further, and after centrifugation, separate the chloroform layer. It was collected, concentrated to dryness, and the amount of obtained lipid was measured. The amount of squalene was determined by adding squalene as an internal standard substance to the lipid, adding a 1 M KOH ethanol solution, performing a saponification reaction at 90 ° C. for 1 hour, and measuring the obtained unsaken product by gas chromatography analysis. The amount of DHA was determined by adding tricosan methyl ester as an internal standard substance to the lipid, adding 0.5 M NaOH methanol solution, performing a saponification reaction at 100 ° C. for 9 minutes, and then 14% trifluoride methanol methanol solution. Was added and a methyl esterification reaction was carried out at 100 ° C. for 7 minutes, and the obtained fatty acid methyl ester was measured by gas chromatography analysis.

result:
FIG. 1 shows the transition of the amount of squalene per egg, and FIG. 2 shows the transition of the amount of squalene per 1 g of egg yolk. The amount of squalene per 100 g of edible portion of whole egg, 1 egg, and 1 g of yolk was 18W-13a. It was more than doubled and more than tripled after the 14th day. After 3 weeks from the start of feeding, the amount of squalene in the whole egg of the test group was 4.00 mg / edible portion 100 g or more, 3.00 mg / egg or more, and the amount of squalene in the yolk was 0.20 mg / g or more. rice field. In addition, when the diet was switched to normal feed for 2 weeks after the feeding test on 76 days, the amount of squalene in the test group decreased and there was no difference from the control group. That is, by feeding 18W-13a 5% mixed feed, the amount of squalene in the whole egg is 3.00 mg / edible portion 100 g or more, 2.00 mg / egg or more, and the amount of squalene in the yolk is 0 from the 6th day. It was .15 mg / g or more, and the amount of squalene in the egg could be maintained high during feeding.

FIG. 3 shows changes in the amount of DHA per 1 g of egg yolk. The amount of DHA was also more than twice as high in the eggs of the test group fed with the 18W-13a 5% mixed diet as compared with the control group on the 6th day after the start of the test, and more than 3 times higher after the 14th day. By feeding 18W-13a 5% mixed feed, the amount of squalene in egg yolk became 3.00 mg / g or more from the 6th day, and then the DHA amount could be maintained high during the feeding period for 76 days. Later, when switching to normal feed, the amount of DHA in egg yolk decreased.

According to the present invention, a chicken egg containing a high content of squalene can be obtained.

Claims (10)

A chicken egg containing at least 4.0 mg / 100 g of squalene per 100 g of whole egg edible portion. A chicken egg containing at least 0.15 mg / g of squalene per gram of egg yolk. The chicken egg according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising at least 3.00 mg / g of DHA per 1 g of egg yolk. A feed additive for chickens for increasing the amount of squalene in chicken eggs, including the algae of a strain belonging to the genus Aurantiochytrium. The chicken feed additive according to claim 4, wherein the strain belonging to the genus Aurantiochytrium is a strain of Aurantiochytrium manglow bay. The chicken feed additive according to claim 5, wherein the Aurantiochytrium manglow bay strain is Aurantiochytrium manglow bay 18W-13a strain. The chicken feed additive according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the strain belonging to the genus Aurantiochytrium contains at least 1.0% by weight of squalene per dry weight of the algae. The chicken feed additive according to any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein the algae are contained in an amount of 1.0% by weight to 20.0% by weight in terms of dry algae with respect to the total weight of the feed. .. A method for producing a squalene-rich chicken egg, which comprises feeding chickens with a feed containing the chicken feed additive according to any one of claims 4 to 8. The chicken egg according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the chicken egg is obtained by the method according to claim 9.

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