JP2021180595A - Transaction contract calculation device and reactive power transaction system - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a transaction contract calculation device and a reactive power transaction system, capable of achieving both reduction in cost required for stabilization of a power distribution system and securement in fairness of profitability of consumers who possess a power generation facility, etc.SOLUTION: A transaction contract calculation device according to the present disclosure includes: a buying bid information creation part creating buying bid information; a selling bid information reception part receiving selling bid information transmitted from a selling bidder terminal unit possessed by each of a plurality of consumers; a transaction contract part determining, on the basis of the buying bid information and the selling bid information, a contract amount of reactive power adjustment power that can be adjusted by each of distributed energy resources and a contract unit cost; a reactive power control amount calculation part calculating, on the basis of the contract amount and the unit cost of the reactive power amount, a reactive power control amount to be controlled by each of the distributed energy resources; and a reactive power control amount notification part notifying the reactive power control amount of each of the distributed energy resources.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

The present disclosure relates to a transaction contract calculator and an ineffective power transaction system for contracting a transaction between a consumer who owns distributed energy resources and a distribution company.

The concept of proper voltage maintenance of the power system is stipulated in the Enforcement Regulations of the Electricity Business Law, and the voltage of low-voltage consumers is within 101 ± 6V for a standard voltage of 100V and within 202 ± 20V for a standard voltage of 200V. Need to maintain. When a large amount of power generation equipment is connected to a low-voltage distribution system, a voltage rise problem occurs in which the voltage of a low-voltage consumer deviates from an appropriate value.

Conventionally, measures on the consumer side for the voltage rise problem are stipulated in the grid interconnection technical requirement guidelines for ensuring power quality. Specifically, when there is a risk that the voltage of a low-voltage consumer may deviate from the appropriate value due to the reverse current from the power generation facility, the consumer who owns the power generation facility has a phase-advanced reactive power control function for the power generation facility, etc. The voltage was automatically adjusted by adding an output control function or a constant power factor control function. As measures on the distribution company (DSO: Distribution System Operator, hereinafter referred to as "DSO") side, voltage control equipment such as SVR (Step Voltage Regulator), TVR (Thyristor type step Voltage Regulator), or SVC (Static Var Compensator) Was installed in the high-voltage distribution system to adjust the voltage of the high-voltage distribution system.

Further, a method for controlling the reactive power of a plurality of distributed power sources connected to a distribution system is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1). Patent Document 1 is a technique for controlling the reactive power of a plurality of distributed power sources according to a control priority determined based on the reactive power sensitivity coefficient of each of the plurality of voltage adjustment points.

Further, a method of controlling the charging schedule of a plurality of battery devices connected to the power grid and the power factor at each time is known (see, for example, Patent Document 2). Patent Document 2 is a technique for determining and controlling the reactive power of a plurality of battery devices required to take in more active power supplied from a power generation facility while maintaining a stable state of a distribution system.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2009-153333 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2016-323339

Conventionally, if the amount of power generation equipment introduced is further increased, there is a concern that the number of consumers (customers who own power generation equipment, etc.) who are forced to suppress output by the output control function will increase. As a result, the consumer is disadvantaged in terms of profits and cannot maintain fairness. On the other hand, on the DSO side, the voltage control equipment and its installation location must be selected so as to be the most cost-effective, while considering the uncertainty of the installation location and installation amount of the power generation equipment. Increases the complexity of planning issues. In addition, the reactive power of the distributed power source connected to the distribution system cannot be effectively utilized, and the necessity of installing a voltage control device increases. As a result, the cost required for stabilizing the distribution system may increase.

The technology of Patent Document 1 has the advantage that the need to solve complicated equipment planning problems can be suppressed because the reactive power of the distributed power source connected to the distribution system can be effectively utilized and the distribution system can be stabilized. There is an advantage that the cost required for stabilizing the distribution system does not increase easily. However, since the reactive power is controlled from the distributed power source connected to the point where the control effect of the reactive power is high, the fairness in terms of profits of the consumers who own the power generation equipment etc. is not taken into consideration.

Since the amount of active power supplied from the power generation facility is increased in the technique of Patent Document 2, there is an advantage that the fairness in profit of the consumer who owns the power generation facility and the like can be maintained as much as possible. The advantage is that the need to solve complicated equipment planning problems can be suppressed because the reactive power of the battery device connected to the distribution system can be effectively utilized and the distribution system can be stabilized without installing voltage control equipment. be. However, since all the battery devices connected to the distribution system are regarded as controllable resources and incentives are given according to the connection time, there is room for improvement in terms of the cost required for stabilizing the distribution system.

From the above, in the past, it was not possible to achieve both low cost required for stabilizing the distribution system and ensuring profitability of consumers who own power generation facilities. ..

This disclosure is made to solve such problems, and it is possible to reduce the cost required for stabilizing the distribution system and to make the profitability of consumers who own power generation facilities etc. fair. It is an object of the present invention to provide a transaction contract calculation device and a reactive power trading system that can be compatible with each other.

In order to solve the above problems, the transaction contract calculation device according to the present disclosure creates buy bid information which is a combination of the reactive power adjustment power required for stabilizing the distribution system and the unit price of the free power adjustment power. Reactive power adjustment power in the distributed energy resources owned by each consumer sent from the buy bid information creation unit and the sell bidder terminal device owned by each of the multiple consumers, and the unit price of the reactive power adjustment power. The sell bid information reception unit that accepts sell bid information, which is a combination of the unit price of the reactive power amount that is the unit price when the reactive power adjustment power is operated at full capacity for one hour, and the buy bid information creation department have created. Based on the buy bid information and the sell bid information received by the sell bid information reception unit, the approximate fixed amount of the reactive power adjustment power that can be adjusted by each distributed energy resource and the contracted unit price, which is the unit price of the specified fixed amount, are calculated. A reactive power control amount calculation unit that calculates the reactive power control amount to be controlled by each distributed energy resource based on the transaction contract unit to be determined, the contract fixed amount determined by the transaction contract unit, and the unit price of the reactive power amount. It is provided with an invalid power control amount notification unit that notifies each distributed energy resource of the reactive power control amount calculated by the reactive power control amount calculation unit.

According to the present disclosure, the transaction execution calculation device is invalid so that each distributed energy resource can be adjusted based on the buy bid information created by the buy bid information creation unit and the sell bid information received by the sell bid information reception unit. Each distributed energy resource is based on the contracted unit that determines the contracted amount of power adjustment power and the contracted unit price that is the unit price of the contracted power, and the unit price of the contracted amount and the amount of reactive power determined by the contracted contractor. It is provided with an invalid power control amount calculation unit that calculates the reactive power control amount to be controlled by the user, and an invalid power control amount notification unit that notifies each distributed energy resource of the invalid power control amount calculated by the invalid power control amount calculation unit. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the cost required for stabilizing the distribution system and to secure the fairness in terms of profits of the consumers who own the power generation equipment and the like.

It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the distribution system by an embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the configuration of the reactive power trading system by an embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows an example of the structure of the transaction contract calculation apparatus by embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the hardware composition of the transaction contract calculation apparatus by an embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows an example of the structure of the selling bidder terminal apparatus by embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the hardware composition of the selling bidder terminal apparatus in embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the operable range of the PCS for PV which can participate in the invalid power transaction by an embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the operable range of the PCS for BESS which can participate in the invalid power transaction by an embodiment. It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the reactive power adjustment power of the PCS for PV by an embodiment. It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the reactive power adjustment power of PCS for BESS according to an embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the data schema of the buy bid information by an embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the data schema of the sell bid information by an embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the processing flow of the transaction contract calculation apparatus and the selling bidder terminal apparatus by embodiment. It is a flowchart which determines the unit price of the reactive power adjustment power in a certain time by an embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the operation which concerns on the calculation of the reactive power control amount by an embodiment.

<Embodiment>
<Structure>
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a distribution system according to the present embodiment.

Generally, a power generation company supplies electric power to an electric power system at an extra high voltage. The electric power is supplied to the distribution system 103 via the backbone system 101 and the power transmission system 102. In the distribution system 103, the distribution substation 104 steps down the voltage supplied at an extra high voltage to a high voltage of 6.6 kV, and a plurality of feeders 105 (feeders 1, 2) connected to the downstream side of the distribution substation 104. , ..., N). In each feeder 105, the pole transformer steps down to a low voltage of 100V or 200V and supplies it to each consumer 106. Some consumers 106 have distributed energy resources such as a power storage system 107 or a photovoltaic system 108.

The transaction contract calculation device and the non-power transaction system according to the present embodiment are provided for each feeder 105, or a plurality of feeders 105 connected to the distribution substation 104 and the downstream side of the distribution substation 104. In the following, it is assumed that the transaction contract calculation device and the reactive power transaction system are provided for each feeder 105.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the reactive power trading system 201 according to the present embodiment.

The reactive power trading system 201 includes a plurality of selling bidder terminal devices 203, and a transaction contract calculation device 202 that cooperates with the plurality of selling bidder terminal devices 203 via the communication network 204. The selling bidder terminal device 203 may be owned by a consumer who owns a distributed energy resource, and the transaction contract calculation device 202 may be owned by a DSO.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the transaction contract calculation device 202 according to the present embodiment.

The transaction contract calculation device 202 includes a reactive power adjustment force required amount reception unit 212, a buy bid information creation unit 213, an information storage unit 214, a communication unit 215, a sell bid information reception unit 216, and a transaction contract unit 217. , A contract result notification unit 218, a system status monitoring unit 219, an ineffective power control amount calculation unit 220, and an ineffective power control amount notification unit 221.

The required amount of reactive power adjustment power reception unit 212 is required to maintain the voltage of the feeder 105 targeted by the transaction contract calculation device 202 within an appropriate range, and the feeder 105 is divided into a plurality of sections and every hour. Accepts the input of the combination of the required amount of the reactive power adjustment power and the unit price of the reactive power adjustment power. Here, every hour means, for example, each frame (30 minutes) in which one day is divided into 48 frames at equal intervals.

The buy bid information creation unit 213 obtains the combination of the invalid power adjustment power and the unit price for each section and each time input to the required amount reception unit 212 for the reactive power adjustment power, the section information, and the ID information for identifying the buy bidder. Create buy bid information including.

The information storage unit 214 includes the buy bid information created by the buy bid information creation unit 213, the sell bid information received from each of the plurality of sell bidder terminal devices 203, the execution result of the transaction corresponding to the buy bid information, and the sell bid. Stores the contract results of transactions corresponding to the information.

The communication unit 215 communicates data with each of the plurality of bidder terminal devices 203 via the communication network 204.

The sell bid information reception unit 216 receives the sell bid information transmitted from each of the plurality of sell bidder terminal devices 203 via the communication unit 215.

Based on the buy bid information and the sell bid information, the transaction contract unit 217 concludes a transaction of the reactive power adjustment power for each section and each time, and the contract unit price of the reactive power adjustment power for each section and each hour and its contract. Determine the quantification.

The contract result notification unit 218 notifies each of the plurality of bidder terminal devices 203 of the contract result via the communication unit 215. The contract result includes the contract unit price for each hour in the section to which the sell bidder terminal device 203 belongs, and the contract amount of the distributed energy resource managed by the sell bidder terminal device 203.

The system condition monitoring unit 219 acquires information such as the voltage at each point measured in the feeder 105 targeted by the transaction contract calculation device 202, or information such as the voltage at a limited point measured in the feeder 105. Information such as the voltage at each point is obtained by estimating the state of the distribution system model using.

The reactive power control amount calculation unit 220 is required for each distributed energy resource to maintain the voltage of the distribution system within the appropriate range within the range of the reactive power adjustment force at the lowest possible cost. Calculate the amount of free power control.

The reactive power control amount notification unit 221 notifies each seller bidder terminal device 203 of the reactive power control amount for each distributed energy resource calculated by the reactive power control amount calculation unit 220 via the communication unit 215.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of the transaction contract calculation device according to the present embodiment.

The transaction contract calculation device 202 includes an input device 255 such as a keyboard and a mouse, an output device 256 such as a display monitor, a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 253 which is an arithmetic processing unit, and a main storage device 252 such as a hard disk drive. It includes a secondary storage device 251 such as a DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) and a communication device 254 for connecting to a communication network 204 such as the Internet.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the seller / bidder terminal device 203 according to the present embodiment.

The sell bidder terminal device 203 includes a BESS (Battery Energy Storage System) charge / discharge plan reception unit 231, a PV (Photovoltaic) output prediction reception unit 232, an information storage unit 233, a sell bid information creation unit 234, and a sell bid. It includes an information notification unit 235, a communication unit 236, a contract result reception unit 237, an invalid power control amount reception unit 238, and a control unit 239.

The BESS charge / discharge plan reception unit 231 receives input of a wide range of BESS charge / discharge plans from an EMS (Energy Management System) or the like. The BESS charge / discharge plan with a width is a power storage system for the purpose of BCP (Business Continuity Planning) and reduction of electricity charges, etc. by inputting a PV output predicted value with a width and a predicted value of power consumption. It can be obtained by making a charge / discharge plan.

The PV output prediction receiving unit 232 receives an input of a PV output predicted value having a width from EMS or the like.

The information storage unit 233 stores information such as a BESS charge / discharge plan having a width, a PV output predicted value having a width, and a transaction execution result corresponding to the sell / bid information.

The sell bid information creation unit 234 is owned by a consumer (a consumer who owns the sell bidder terminal device 203) by inputting a BESS charge / discharge plan having a width, a PV output predicted value having a width, and the like. Combining the unit price of the reactive power adjustment power and the reactive power adjustment power for each hour of the distributed energy resource with the unit price of the reactive power amount which is the unit price when the reactive power adjustment power is operated at the full capacity for one hour, sell bid Create sell / bid information including ID information that identifies a person and type information of distributed energy resources.

The sell bid information notification unit 235 notifies the transaction contract calculation device 202 of the sell bid information via the communication unit 236.

The communication unit 236 communicates data with and from the transaction contract calculation device 202 via the communication network 204.

The contract result reception unit 237 receives the contract result from the transaction contract calculation device 202 via the communication unit 236.

The reactive power control amount receiving unit 238 receives the reactive power control amount for each distributed energy resource from the transaction contract calculation device 202 via the communication unit 236.

The control unit 239 determines the reactive power control amount, the power factor for outputting the reactive power control amount, and the like for the distributed energy resources owned by the consumer (the consumer who owns the sell bidder terminal device 203). Calculate and notify if necessary. The distributed energy resource controls the output of the reactive power so as to be the notified reactive power control amount.

In most cases, consumers who own distributed energy resources have a PCS (Power Conditioning Subsystem). A PCS capable of participating in a reactive power transaction needs to have a function that can freely adjust the output of the reactive power to a certain extent. Hereinafter, the PCS for PV is referred to as "PCS for PV", and the PCS for BESS is referred to as "PCS for BESS".

In the example of FIG. 5, the case where the consumer has the power storage system 107 and the solar power generation system as distributed energy resources has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, when the consumer owns only the power storage system 107, the PV output prediction reception unit 232 of the seller bidder terminal device 203 is unnecessary. Further, when the consumer owns only the photovoltaic power generation system, the BESS charge / discharge plan reception unit 231 of the seller / bidder terminal device 203 is unnecessary.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of the bidder terminal device 203 according to the embodiment.

The seller terminal device 203 includes an input device 265 such as a keyboard and a mouse, an output device 266 such as a display monitor, a CPU 263 as an arithmetic processing device, a main storage device 262 such as a hard disk drive, and a secondary such as a DRAM. It includes a storage device 261 and a communication device 264 for connecting to a communication network 204 such as the Internet.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of the operable range of the PV PCS capable of participating in the reactive power transaction according to the present embodiment.

In the graph shown in FIG. 7, the horizontal axis represents the active power P and the vertical axis represents the reactive power Q. The circle in the graph is a circle whose radius is the apparent power capacity of the PV PCS. For example, if the PV PCS can command the control amount within the operable range shown by the shaded area in the graph, the output possible range of the active power can be changed by the output of the active power. In this way, when the operable range of the PV PCS can be specified, by using the lower limit of the predicted range of the PV output shown in the graph, it is possible to continuously output the reactive power for a certain period of time. ^{The range from +} to Q ⁻ can be obtained, and the reactive power can be controlled within the range from Q ^{+ to Q −.} The lower limit of the PV output prediction range is the lowest output of the lower limit of the PV output prediction range in a certain period of time.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of the operable range of the PCS for BESS capable of participating in the reactive power transaction according to the present embodiment.

In the graph shown in FIG. 8, the horizontal axis represents the active power P and the vertical axis represents the reactive power Q. The circle in the graph is a circle whose radius is the apparent power capacity of the PCS for BESS. For example, if the BESS PCS can command the control amount within the operable range indicated by the shaded area in the graph, the output possible range of the active power can be changed regardless of the output of the active power.

The reactive power adjusting power (ΔkVar) is a reactive power capacity capable of adjusting the output of the reactive power for a certain period of time at the time of actual supply and demand. The fixed time is, for example, the time for one frame obtained by dividing a day into 48 frames at equal intervals. Further, the reactive power capacity may include not only the capacity of the phase-advancing side reactive power but also the capacity of the slow-phase side reactive power. In the following, the reactive power capacity is the capacity of the phase-advancing side reactive power.

The distributed energy resource, which was responsible for providing the reactive power adjustment power after the transaction was completed in the transaction contract unit 217 of the transaction contract calculation device 202, is within the range of the contracted reactive power adjustment power of the transaction contract calculation device 202. It is necessary to respond to the disabled power control amount notified from the disabled power control amount notification unit 221 for a certain period of time.

FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing an example of the reactive power adjusting force of the PV PCS according to the present embodiment.

For PV PCS, if the transaction is completed and the responsibility is to supply the reactive power adjustment power (ΔkVar) represented by the bidirectional vector in the graph, the reactive power control amount is within the range of the contracted free power adjustment power. Must comply with the instructions of.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the reactive power adjusting force of the PCS for BESS according to the present embodiment.

For PCS for BESS, if the transaction is completed and the responsibility is to supply the reactive power adjustment power (ΔkVar) represented by the bidirectional vector in the graph, the free power control amount is within the range of the contracted free power adjustment power. Must comply with the instructions of.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of a data schema of buy bid information according to the present embodiment.

The buy bid information created by the buy bid information creation unit 213 of the transaction contract calculation device 202 is the reactive power adjustment force for each section and each time when the feeder 105 targeted by the reactive power trading system 201 is divided into a plurality of sections (ΔkVar (buy)). )) Includes a combination of the unit price of the reactive power adjustment power (ΔkVar unit price), section information, and ID information that identifies the buyer / bidder. In the present disclosure, the number of combinations of the reactive power adjusting force for each section and time and the unit price of the reactive power adjusting force is not particularly limited. The number of combinations with the unit price of the reactive power adjustment power is set to 15. Note that # 1 to # 15 in the figure indicate combination numbers.

For example, in section A, from 0:00 to 0:30 on October 10, 2000, the first combination of ΔkVar (buy) and ΔkVar unit price (ΔkVar (buy), ΔkVar unit price) = (500 kVar, If 1 yen / kVar is specified and the second combination is specified as (400 kVar, 3 yen / kVar), if the unit price of ΔkVar is 1 yen / kVar or less, there is an intention to purchase 500 kVar of ΔkVar. Means. If the unit price of ΔkVar is 3 yen / kV or less and higher than 1 yen / kVar, it means that there is an intention to purchase 400 kVar of ΔkVar.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of a data schema of sell / bid information according to an embodiment.

The sell bid information created by the sell bid information creation unit 234 of the sell bidder terminal device 203 is the hourly reactive power adjustment power of the distributed energy resource owned by the consumer who owns the sell bidder terminal device 203 (ΔkVar (ΔkVar). Sell)), the unit price of the reactive power adjustment power (ΔkVar unit price), and the unit price of the reactive power amount (kVar unit price), which is the unit price when the reactive power adjustment power is operated at full capacity for one hour, the seller bidder Includes ID information that identifies the power source and type information of the distributed energy resource. In this disclosure, the number of combinations of the unit price of the reactive power adjusting power for each hour, the unit price of the reactive power adjusting power, and the unit price of the reactive power amount, which is the unit price when the reactive power adjusting power is operated at the full capacity for one hour, is particularly specified. Although not limited, in the following explanation, the unit price of the reactive power adjusting power for each hour, the unit price of the reactive power adjusting power, and the unit price of the reactive power amount which is the unit price when the reactive power adjusting power is operated at the full capacity for one hour. The number of combinations is 15. Note that # 1 to # 15 in the figure indicate combination numbers.

For example, from 0:00 to 0:30 on October 10, 2000, the first combination of ΔkVar (sale), ΔkVar unit price, and kVar unit price (ΔkVar (sale), ΔkVar unit price, kVar unit price) If = (10 kVar, 1 yen / kVar, 2 yen / kVarh) is specified and the second combination is specified as (20 kVar, 2 yen / kVar, 4 yen / kVarh), the unit price of ΔkVar is 2 yen / kVar. In the above case, it means that there is an intention to sell 20 kVar of ΔkVar, and it means that the unit price when the output of the reactive power of 20 kVar is continued for 1 hour is 4 yen / kVarh. If the unit price of ΔkVar is 1 yen / kV or more and less than 2 yen / kVar, it indicates that the intention is to sell 10 kVar of ΔkVar, and the unit price when the output of 10 kVar of reactive power is continued for 1 hour is 2 yen / kVar. It means that it is kVarh.

<Operation>
FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of the processing flow of the transaction contract calculation device 202 and the seller bidder terminal device 203 according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 13, the processing flow is divided into a procurement phase (steps S101 to S107) and an operation phase (steps S108 to S112).

First, the processing flow of the procurement phase will be described.

In step S101, the buy bid information creation unit 213 of the transaction contract calculation device 202 creates the buy bid information.

In step S102, the sell bid information creation unit 234 of the sell bidder terminal device 203 creates the sell bid information.

In step S103, the sell bid information notification unit 235 notifies the transaction contract calculation device 202 of the sell bid information created by the sell bid information creation unit 234 via the communication unit 236.

In step S104, the sell bid information receiving unit 216 of the transaction contract calculation device 202 receives the sell bid information notified from the sell bidder terminal device 203.

The timing at which the buy bid information creation unit 213 of the transaction contract calculation device 202 creates the buy bid information is the sell bid information notified by the sell bid information reception unit 216 of the transaction contract calculation device 202 from the sell bidder terminal device 203. It may be after accepting.

The buy bid information creation unit 213 creates the buy bid information and the sell bid information reception unit 216 accepts the sell bid information, for example, 30 minutes before the delivery start time of the reactive power adjustment force (ΔkVar).

In step S105, the transaction contract unit 217 of the transaction contract calculation device 202 is included in the sell bid information notified from the sell bidder terminal device 203 30 minutes before the delivery start time of the invalid power adjusting force (ΔkVar). From the ID information that identifies the bidder, the section to which the selling bidder terminal device 203 belongs is specified. Then, the transaction contract unit 217 integrates the buy bid information from the transaction contract calculation device 202 and the sell bid information from the plurality of sell bidder terminal devices 203 by section and time, and integrates the buy bid information and the sell bid. Close a transaction by a method such as a blind single price auction based on the information. As a result, the contract unit price and the contract fixed amount for each section and each time are determined.

In step S106, the contract result notification unit 218 of the transaction contract calculation device 202 sets the contract unit price for each time of the section to which the sell bidder terminal device 203 belongs and the sell bidder terminal device 203 as the contract result of the transaction. Notify the seller terminal device 203 of the approximate fixed amount of distributed energy resources to be managed.

In step S107, the contract result receiving unit 237 of the selling bidder terminal device 203 receives the contract result of the transaction notified from the transaction contract calculation device 202.

Next, the processing flow of the operation phase will be described.

After reaching the delivery start time of the reactive power adjustment force (ΔkVar), in step S108, the system status monitoring unit 219 of the transaction contract calculation device 202 measures each point in the feeder 105 targeted by the reactive power trading system 201. Reactive power trading system 201 from the information such as the voltage of each point obtained by estimating the state of the distribution system using the information such as the voltage of the Monitors the voltage of the feeder 105 of interest.

In step S109, when the reactive power control amount calculation unit 220 of the transaction contract calculation device 202 has already notified at least one of the seller bidder terminal devices 203 of the reactive power control amount, or at all the points to be monitored. Distributed type required to maintain the voltage of the distribution system within the proper range at the lowest possible cost within the range of the contracted reactive power adjustment force (ΔkVar) when the voltage is not within the proper range. Calculate the amount of reactive power control for each energy resource.

In step S110, the reactive power control amount notification unit 221 of the transaction contract calculation device 202 notifies each seller bidder terminal device 203 of the reactive power control amount for each distributed energy resource calculated by the reactive power control amount calculation unit 220. ..

In step S111, the disabled power control amount receiving unit 238 of the selling bidder terminal device 203 receives the disabled power control amount for each distributed energy resource.

In step S112, the control unit 239 of the sell bidder terminal device 203 has a power factor for outputting the reactive power control amount and the reactive power control amount to the distributed energy resource managed by the sell bidder terminal device 203. Etc. are calculated and notified.

As the settlement phase performed after the operation phase, for example, using the contract result, the consideration for the supply of the reactive power adjustment power (ΔkVar), the unit price of the reactive power amount, the output result of the reactive power amount, and the reactive power control. There is a method of paying the consideration for the output of the amount of reactive power from the DSO to the consumer by using the quantity.

<How to create sell bid information>
The details of the method of creating the sell bid information by the sell bid information creation unit 234 of the sell bidder terminal device 203 will be described.

The method of creating the sell bid information is slightly different between the case of PCS for PV and the case of PCS for BESS due to the difference in the output range of PCS, but the basic idea is the same. In the following, a method of creating sell bid information in the case of PCS for PV will be described.

<How to create selling bid information in the case of PCS for PV>
The unit price of the reactive power adjustment power is set in advance by inputting the PV output predicted value with a range, the apparent power capacity, the range of the power factor that can be specified, the initial cost of the PV system and the estimated number of years that it can be operated. For each amount of power adjustment power, the unit price corresponding to the capacity is determined.

For the unit price of the reactive power amount, input the PV output predicted value with a range, the apparent power capacity, and the unit price of the active power amount, and fill the capacity of the reactive power adjustment power for one hour for each amount of the reactive power adjustment power. It is determined by calculating the expected value of the profit lost when operating in and converting it to the unit price of the amount of reactive power. From these, the combination of the ineffective power adjustment power, the unit price of the ineffective power adjustment power, and the unit price of the ineffective power amount is obtained. The unit price of the active electric power amount is, for example, a FIT (Feed in Tariff) price or a unit price calculated from information previously contracted with a retail electric power company.

FIG. 14 is a flowchart for determining the unit price of the reactive power adjusting force at a certain time. I is a set of combination numbers of the reactive power adjusting force, the unit price of the reactive power adjusting force, and the unit price of the reactive power amount, and i is an element of the set I.

In step S201, the maximum value ΔkVar_ub [kVar] of the reactive power capacity capable of continuing the output of the reactive power for a certain period of time is obtained. The following formula (1) is a formula for calculating the maximum value ΔkVar_ub [kVar] of the reactive power capacity capable of continuing the output of the reactive power for a certain period of time. The lower limit of the predicted range of PV output is P_lb [kW], the apparent power capacity S [kVA], and the lower limit of the range of the specifiable power factor is cosφ'.

In step S202, i = 1 is substituted.

In step S203, the amount of the reactive power adjusting force set in advance is compared with the reactive power capacity capable of continuing the output of the reactive power for a certain period of time, and if the determination result is false, the calculation is terminated. On the other hand, if the determination result is positive, the process proceeds to step S204.

In step S204, it is determined whether or not i is less than 16, and if the determination result is false, the calculation is terminated. On the other hand, if the determination result is positive, the process proceeds to step S205.

In step S205, the capacity Pc [kW] of the active power when the amount ΔkVar [kVar] of the reactive power adjusting force set in advance is secured is obtained. The following formula (2) is a formula for calculating the capacity Pc [kW] of the active power.

In step S206, the unit price C_ΔkVar [yen / kVar] of the reactive power adjusting force is obtained. By dividing the initial cost Et [yen] of the PV system by the assumed time Tt [0.5h] that can be operated, the cost Ds [yen / 0.5h] of the apparent power capacity for a certain period of time (0.5 hours). (Equation (3) below). By dividing the apparent power capacity cost Ds [yen / 0.5h] by the apparent power capacity S [kVA], the unit price Cs [yen / kVA] of the apparent power capacity is obtained (the following formula (4)). Since the active power capacity has been mainly used in the past, the unit price Cp [yen / kW] of the active power capacity is regarded as equal to the unit price Cs [yen / kVA] of the apparent power capacity (the following formula (the following formula). 5)). After that, the cost Dp [yen / 0.5h] of the capacity of the active power (the following formula (6)) and the cost D_ΔkVar [yen / 0.5h] of the reactive power adjustment power (the following formula (7)) The unit price C_ΔkVar [yen / kVar] of the reactive power adjustment force is determined so that the sum is equal to the cost Ds [yen / 0.5h] of the apparent power capacity (the following formula (8)) (the following formula (9). )). The following equations (3) to (9) are equations for calculating the unit price C_ΔkVar [yen / kVar] of the reactive power adjusting force.

In step S207, 1 is added to i, and the process proceeds to step S203.

From the above, the unit price of the reactive power adjusting force at a certain time can be determined. If necessary, the unit price related to expenses may be added to the unit price of the reactive power adjustment power.

For the unit price of the reactive power amount, the expected value E_Pc [yen] of the profit lost when the reactive power adjusting power is operated at the full capacity for one hour is calculated for each amount of the reactive power adjusting power (the following formula (10)). , Determined by converting to the unit price of reactive power (Equation (11) below).

The following equations (10) and (11) are equations for calculating the unit price C_kVarth [yen / kVarth] of the amount of invalid power. Note that t1 is the start time of a certain fixed time, t2 is the end time of a certain fixed time, t2-t1 is a fixed time [h], P_der [kW] is the active power of the distributed energy resource, and f_Pder is the random variable. The random density function C_kWh [yen / kWh] with the active power P_der [kW] of the type energy resource is the unit price of the active power amount. Pc [kW] is the capacity of active power, and the result calculated by the above equation (2) is used.

From the above, the unit price of the amount of ineffective power at a certain time can be determined. If necessary, the unit price related to expenses may be added to the unit price of the amount of disabled power.

<Calculation method of reactive power control amount for each distributed energy resource>
The details of the method of calculating the reactive power control amount for each distributed energy resource by the reactive power control amount calculation unit 220 of the transaction contract calculation device 202 will be described.

FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation related to the calculation of the reactive power control amount.

In step S301, the reactive power control amount calculation unit 220 determines whether or not the voltage at all points in the distribution system to be monitored is within an appropriate range. If the determination result is false, the process proceeds to step S303. On the other hand, if the determination result is true, the process proceeds to step S302.

In step S302, the reactive power control amount calculation unit 220 determines whether or not the state in which the reactive power control amount has already been instructed to the seller terminal device 203 has not been continued. If the determination result is false, the process proceeds to step S303. On the other hand, if the determination result is true, the process ends.

In step S303, the reactive power control amount calculation unit 220 is necessary to maintain the voltage of the distribution system within an appropriate range within the range of the contracted reactive power adjustment force (ΔkVar) at the lowest possible cost. The amount of reactive power control for each distributed energy resource is calculated.

The amount of reactive power control for each distributed energy resource can be obtained by solving the optimum power flow calculation problem aimed at minimizing operating costs.

Here, the optimum power flow calculation problem of the monitored system at a certain time is shown below.

(set)
N: A set of distributed energy resources and consumers of the target system (n ∈ N)
I: A set of combination numbers of the reactive power adjusting force, the unit price of the reactive power adjusting force, and the unit price of the reactive power amount (i ∈ I).

(constant)
V ⁻ : Appropriate voltage lower limit [V]
V ⁺ : Appropriate voltage upper limit [V]
ΔkVar: Amount of reactive power adjustment force [kVar]
ΔkVar_con: Approximately quantitative amount of reactive power adjustment power [kVar]
D_kVarh: Cost of invalid electric energy [yen]
C_kVarh: Unit price of invalid electric energy [yen / kVarh]
Δt: Calculation cycle of the reactive power control amount calculation unit [h]
u: Constant term of the linear function of the division interval [Circle · kVar / kVarh]
M: Arbitrary large constant Pl: Self-consumed active power [kW]
Pder: Active power of distributed energy resources [kW]
Ql: Self-consumption reactive power [kVar]

(variable)
Qder: Reactive power of distributed energy resources (reactive power control amount) [kVar]
b: Binary variable that is an element of the binary variable that expresses the division interval (b [0] [n] = 0)
V: Voltage [V]

(Dependent variable)
B: Binary variable representing the division interval

(Objective function)

ｆｐ、ｆｑ：潮流方程式 (Constraint expression)

fp, fq: tidal current equation

Equation (12) is an objective function that minimizes the operating cost related to the controlled amount of reactive power. Equation (13) is an equation expressing the operating cost related to the amount of invalid power of each consumer. Equation (14) is an equation representing a binary variable representing a division interval. Equation (15) is a constraint equation for determining which division interval it belongs to. Equation (16) is a constraint equation representing a range that the voltage can take. Equation (17) is a constraint equation representing a range that the reactive power control amount can take. Equation (18) is a tidal current equation.

The reactive power of the distributed energy resource obtained as a result of solving the above optimum power flow calculation problem is equivalent to the reactive power control amount for each distributed energy resource.

<Effect>
According to the transaction contract calculation device and the reactive power trading system described above, the DSO obtains the required amount of the reactive power adjustment power (ΔkVar) of the distributed energy resources distributed in the distribution system from the required place when necessary. Since it can be procured, it is possible to reduce the need to solve complicated equipment planning problems that take into account the uncertainty of the installation location and installation amount of power generation equipment. In addition, since it is possible to provide each consumer with a fair opportunity and procure the reactive power adjustment force (ΔkVar) at a lower cost, the cost for stabilizing the distribution system can be reduced as much as possible. Furthermore, as a consumer who owns distributed energy resources that have been forced to curb output, even if the output is curtailed in order to deliver the controlled amount of reactive power, profits related to the supply of the amount of reactive power can be obtained. As a result, the disadvantages in terms of profits can be mitigated, and fairness can be maintained as much as possible.

Within the scope of the present disclosure, the embodiments can be appropriately modified or omitted.

101 backbone system, 102 transmission system, 103 distribution system, 104 distribution substation, 105 feeder, 106 consumer, 107 power storage system, 108 solar power generation system, 201 invalid power trading system, 202 transaction contract calculator, 203 sell bid Person terminal device, 204 communication network, 212 Invalid power adjustment power required amount reception unit, 213 buy bid information creation department, 214 information storage department, 215 communication department, 216 sell bid information reception department, 217 transaction contract department, 218 contract result notification 219 System status monitoring unit, 220 Invalid power control amount calculation unit, 221 Invalid power control amount notification unit, 231 BESS charge / discharge plan reception unit, 232 PV output prediction reception unit, 233 Information storage unit, 234 Sell bid information creation unit 235 Sell bid information notification unit, 236 notification unit, 237 execution result reception unit, 238 invalid power control amount reception unit, 239 control unit, 251 secondary storage device, 252 main storage device, 253 CPU, 254 communication equipment, 255 input Devices, 256 output devices, 261 secondary storage devices, 262 main storage devices, 263 CPUs, 264 communication devices, 265 input devices, 266 output devices.

Claims (5)

The buy bid information creation unit that creates buy bid information that is a combination of the reactive power adjustment power required to stabilize the distribution system and the unit price of the reactive power adjustment power.
The reactive power adjustment power in the distributed energy resource owned by each consumer, the unit price of the reactive power adjustment power, and the reactive power adjustment transmitted from the seller terminal device owned by each of the plurality of consumers. The sell bid information reception unit that accepts sell bid information, which is a combination with the unit price of the amount of reactive power, which is the unit price when the power is operated at full capacity for one hour,
Based on the buy bid information created by the buy bid information creation unit and the sell bid information received by the sell bid information reception unit, the approximate quantitative amount of the ineffective power adjustment power that can be adjusted by each of the distributed energy resources. And the transaction contract section that determines the contract unit price, which is the unit price of the contract,
A reactive power control amount calculation unit that calculates the reactive power control amount to be controlled by each distributed energy resource based on the contracted amount determined by the transaction contract unit and the unit price of the reactive power amount.
An ineffective power control amount notification unit that notifies each of the distributed energy resources of the ineffective power control amount calculated by the ineffective power control amount calculation unit.
A transaction execution calculation device. The transaction contract calculation device according to claim 1, wherein the reactive power adjusting power is an disabled power capacity capable of adjusting the output of the reactive power for a predetermined time at the time of actual supply and demand. The reactive power control amount calculation unit solves the optimum power flow calculation problem for the purpose of minimizing the operating cost related to the reactive power control amount, and obtains the reactive power control amount for each of the distributed energy resources. Or the transaction contract calculation device according to 2. A reactive power trading system including a selling bidder terminal device owned by each of a plurality of consumers and a transaction contract calculation device connected to each of the selling bidder terminal devices via a communication network.
The selling bidder terminal device is
The unit price of the reactive power adjustment power in the distributed energy resource owned by each consumer, the unit price of the reactive power adjustment power, and the unit price of the reactive power amount when the reactive power adjustment power is operated at the full capacity for one hour. It has a sell bid information creation unit that creates sell bid information that is a combination with
The transaction contract calculation device is
The buy bid information creation unit that creates buy bid information that is a combination of the reactive power adjustment power required to stabilize the distribution system and the unit price of the reactive power adjustment power.
A sell bid information receiving unit that receives the sell bid information transmitted from the sell bidder terminal device, and a sell bid information reception unit.
Based on the buy bid information created by the buy bid information creation unit and the sell bid information received by the sell bid information reception unit, the approximate quantitative amount of the ineffective power adjustment power that can be adjusted by each of the distributed energy resources. And the transaction contract section that determines the contract unit price, which is the unit price of the contract,
A reactive power control amount calculation unit that calculates the reactive power control amount to be controlled by each of the distributed energy resources based on the contract amount determined by the transaction contract unit and the unit price of the reactive power control amount.
An ineffective power control amount notification unit that notifies each of the distributed energy resources of the ineffective power control amount calculated by the ineffective power control amount calculation unit.
Has a reactive power trading system. The reactive power trading system according to claim 4, wherein the distributed energy resource controls the output of the reactive power so as to be the reactive power control amount notified from the reactive power control amount notification unit.

Images