JP2021155965A - Roof tile falling/scattering prevention method and roof tile falling/scattering prevention structure - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、既設瓦葺屋根の瓦の落下、飛散を防止するための工法と、この工法で構築される構造に関する。 The present invention relates to a construction method for preventing the falling and scattering of roof tiles of an existing roof tile, and a structure constructed by this construction method.
日本国では、傾斜する屋根構造を有する建築物において、瓦葺屋根が広く用いられている。図４に一般的な瓦葺屋根の構造の概略図を示す。図４に示すように、瓦葺屋根は、下葺き材１の上に一定間隔で横方向に延びる複数本の瓦桟２を有し、瓦３の裏面に設けられた凸部を瓦桟２に引っ掛ける「引掛け桟瓦葺き」により構築されている。瓦は、その上縁と下縁の大部分で２枚の瓦が重複し、さらに上縁および下縁の右端と左端とで３枚の瓦が重複している。
瓦葺屋根は、台風、竜巻等による強風に弱いという欠点があるため、２００１年には、瓦屋根標準設計・施工ガイドライン（非特許文献１）が策定された。このガイドラインに準拠した瓦葺屋根では、釘、ビス、結線等により、瓦同士、または瓦と瓦桟とが緊結されている。
In Japan, tiled roofs are widely used in buildings with sloping roof structures. FIG. 4 shows a schematic view of the structure of a general tiled roof. As shown in FIG. 4, the tiled roof has a plurality of
Since the tiled roof has the drawback of being vulnerable to strong winds caused by typhoons, tornadoes, etc., the standard design and construction guidelines for tiled roofs (Non-Patent Document 1) were formulated in 2001. In a tiled roof that complies with this guideline, tiles or tiles and tiles are tied together by nails, screws, connections, etc.
令和元年の台風第１５号では、千葉県を中心に大きな被害がもたらされたが、現地視察の結果、上記ガイドラインに沿った施工がされた家屋では被害がほとんど見られなかったのに対し、上記ガイドラインに沿っていない家屋では瓦のみならず、屋根そのものも飛散するといった大きな被害が確認された（非特許文献２）。 Typhoon No. 15 in the first year of Reiwa caused great damage mainly in Chiba prefecture, but as a result of the site inspection, almost no damage was seen in the houses constructed according to the above guidelines. On the other hand, in houses that did not follow the above guidelines, not only roof tiles but also the roof itself was found to be scattered (Non-Patent Document 2).
住宅は、長く用いられるものであるため、築２０年以上の家屋は多く残存している。また、２００１年以降の建築であっても、上記ガイドラインに沿った施工がなされていない家屋も多く存在する。
地球温暖化に伴い、勢力の強い台風の日本列島への接近は今後も頻発することが予想され、これらのガイドラインに沿って施工がなされていない家屋での瓦葺屋根被害の発生が懸念される。ガイドラインに準拠していない瓦葺屋根を、ガイドラインに準拠した構造に葺き替えるには多額の費用がかかるため、安価で強風に耐えうる瓦落下・飛散防止工法が求められている。
Since houses are used for a long time, many houses over 20 years old remain. In addition, even if the building was built after 2001, there are many houses that have not been constructed in accordance with the above guidelines.
With global warming, it is expected that strong typhoons will continue to approach the Japanese archipelago in the future, and there is concern that roof damage will occur in houses that have not been constructed in accordance with these guidelines. Since it costs a lot of money to replace a tiled roof that does not comply with the guidelines with a structure that complies with the guidelines, an inexpensive and strong wind-resistant tile drop / scattering prevention method is required.
本発明は、既設瓦葺屋根における瓦の落下、飛散を防止することを課題とする。 An object of the present invention is to prevent falling and scattering of roof tiles on an existing roof tiled roof.
本発明の課題を解決するための手段は、以下のとおりである。
１．既設瓦葺屋根の瓦桟の上方に、複数枚の瓦を貫通する孔部を穿孔する穿孔工程、
前記孔部に接着剤を注入する注入工程、
前記孔部にねじを締め込み、瓦と瓦桟とを緊結する緊結工程、
を備えることを特徴とする瓦落下・飛散防止工法。
２．前記接着剤が、弾性接着剤であることを特徴とする１．に記載の瓦落下・飛散防止工法。
３．縦方向、横方向に整列する瓦のうち、縦方向、横方向のいずれかまたは両方で１枚置きに孔部を穿孔することを特徴とする１．または２．に記載の瓦落下・飛散防止工法。
４．瓦桟の上方で複数枚の瓦を貫通する孔部と、
前記孔部に締め込まれ、孔部が穿孔された瓦と瓦桟とを緊結するねじと、
前記孔部を充填する接着剤と、を有することを特徴とする瓦落下・飛散防止構造。
The means for solving the problem of the present invention is as follows.
1. 1. A drilling process that drills holes that penetrate multiple roof tiles above the roof tiles of an existing roof tile.
An injection step of injecting an adhesive into the hole,
A binding process in which screws are tightened into the holes to bind the tiles to the roof tiles.
A roof tile fall / scattering prevention method characterized by being equipped with.
2. 1. The adhesive is an elastic adhesive. The roof tile fall / scattering prevention method described in.
3. 3. Among the tiles arranged in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, every other roof tile is drilled in either the vertical direction or the horizontal direction, or both. Or 2. The roof tile fall / scattering prevention method described in.
4. A hole that penetrates multiple roof tiles above the roof tile,
A screw that is tightened into the hole and connects the tile with the hole and the roof tile,
A roof tile fall / scattering prevention structure characterized by having an adhesive that fills the holes.
本発明により、既設の瓦葺屋根における瓦の落下、飛散を、安価かつ短工期で、防止することができる。本発明により、地震や強風等の災害時の瓦葺屋根の破損を抑えられ、さらに、落下、飛散する瓦による人的、物的被害を抑えることができる。本発明の瓦落下・飛散防止工法は、既設の瓦葺屋根の改修であり、瓦を葺き替えないため、廃棄物の発生量が極めて少ない。弾性接着剤は、接着後も弾性変形が可能であるため、地震等により衝撃が加わったり、温度変化による体積変化が生じたりしても、界面での剥離や瓦の割れを防止することができる。本発明の瓦落下・飛散防止工法は、１本のねじが２枚の瓦を緊結するため、縦方向、横方向に整列する複数枚の瓦の、縦方向、横方向のいずれかまたは両方で１枚置きに穿孔することにより、穿孔する孔の数を半分とすることができ、作業量を減らすことができる。 INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, it is possible to prevent falling and scattering of roof tiles on an existing roof tile roof at low cost and in a short construction period. INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, damage to a tiled roof during a disaster such as an earthquake or a strong wind can be suppressed, and further, human and property damage caused by falling and scattered roof tiles can be suppressed. The tile falling / scattering prevention method of the present invention is a repair of an existing tiled roof, and since the tiles are not replaced, the amount of waste generated is extremely small. Since the elastic adhesive can be elastically deformed even after bonding, it is possible to prevent peeling at the interface and cracking of the tile even if an impact is applied due to an earthquake or the like or a volume change occurs due to a temperature change. .. In the roof tile fall / shatter prevention method of the present invention, since one screw binds two roof tiles together, a plurality of roof tiles aligned in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction can be used in either the vertical direction or the horizontal direction, or both. By drilling every other sheet, the number of holes to be drilled can be halved, and the amount of work can be reduced.
・瓦落下・飛散防止構造
図１にそれぞれ本発明の一例である瓦落下・飛散防止構造を有する瓦葺屋根の概略図、図２に図１のＡ−Ａ’断面図、図３に断面拡大図を示す。
本発明の一例である瓦落下・飛散防止構造は、瓦桟２の上方で複数枚の瓦３Ａ、３Ｂを貫通する孔部と、この孔部に締め込まれ、孔部が穿孔された瓦３Ａ、３Ｂと瓦桟２とを緊結するねじ４と、この孔部を充填する接着剤５と、を有することを特徴とする。
-Roof tile fall / shatter prevention structure Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a tiled roof having a tile fall / shatter prevention structure, which is an example of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line AA'of FIG. Is shown.
The roof tile fall / scattering prevention structure, which is an example of the present invention, has a hole portion that penetrates a plurality of
・瓦落下・飛散防止工法
本発明の瓦落下・飛散防止工法は、本発明の瓦落下・飛散防止構造を構築するためのものである。
以下、本発明の瓦落下・飛散防止工法を、上記した一例である瓦落下・飛散防止構造を構築する工程順に沿って説明する。
-Roof tile fall / shatter prevention method The roof tile fall / shatter prevention method of the present invention is for constructing the roof tile fall / shatter prevention structure of the present invention.
Hereinafter, the roof tile fall / shatter prevention method of the present invention will be described in order of steps for constructing the roof tile fall / shatter prevention structure, which is an example described above.
「穿孔工程」
既設瓦葺屋根の瓦桟２の上方に、複数枚の瓦３Ａ、３Ｂを貫通する孔部を穿孔する。孔部は、下方に位置する瓦３Ｂと瓦桟２とが最も近い部分に穿孔することが好ましい。なお、下方に位置する瓦と瓦桟とが最も近い部分は、瓦の谷部に相当し、図２、３に示すように２枚の瓦３Ａ、３Ｂが重複している。また、孔部は、瓦桟２まで到達しないように穿孔する。瓦桟に孔部が到達すると、ねじと瓦桟との固定が弱くなる場合がある。
穿孔時の振動や騒音、および瓦の割れを防ぐために、穿孔は無振動ドリルを用いることが好ましく、水循環式無振動ドリルを用いることがより好ましい。この際、孔部の開口部に、ねじの頭部や化粧キャップを収容するための大径の浅い孔を穿つ、いわゆる２段掘を行うことができる。
"Punching process"
A hole penetrating a plurality of
In order to prevent vibration and noise during drilling and cracking of roof tiles, it is preferable to use a vibration-free drill for drilling, and it is more preferable to use a water circulation type vibration-free drill. At this time, a so-called two-step digging can be performed by drilling a large-diameter shallow hole for accommodating the head of the screw or the decorative cap in the opening of the hole.
瓦葺屋根を構成する全ての瓦に対して孔部を穿孔してもよいが、本発明の瓦落下・飛散防止工法は、１本のねじが複数枚の瓦を緊結するため、すべての瓦の同一箇所に孔を穿孔する必要はない。具体的には、縦方向、横方向に整列する複数枚の瓦のうち、縦方向、横方向のいずれかまたは両方で１枚置きに穿孔することが好ましく、図１に示すように、縦方向、横方向の両方とも１枚置きに穿孔することがより好ましい。このように穿孔することで、穿孔する孔の数を減らすことができ、作業量を減らすことができる。また、瓦桟に締め込まれるねじの本数が半分となるため、瓦桟の割れや強度低下を防ぐことができる。なお、本発明において、穿孔する瓦の間隔は特に制限されず、想定される最大風速等によっては、２枚置き、またはそれ以上の間隔で穿孔することもできる。ただし、飛散・落下の起点となりやすい瓦葺屋根の端部に並ぶ軒瓦、袖瓦については、瓦桟、瓦座等の上方に孔部を穿孔し、全数を固定することが好ましい。
穿孔工程後に、必要に応じてエアブロー等で切削屑を吹き飛ばす清掃工程を行うことができる。
Holes may be drilled in all the tiles that make up the tiled roof, but in the tile drop / shatter prevention method of the present invention, since one screw binds a plurality of tiles together, all the tiles It is not necessary to drill holes in the same place. Specifically, among a plurality of roof tiles arranged in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, it is preferable to drill every other roof tile in the vertical direction, the horizontal direction, or both, and as shown in FIG. 1, the vertical direction It is more preferable to perforate every other sheet in both the lateral direction. By drilling in this way, the number of holes to be drilled can be reduced, and the amount of work can be reduced. Further, since the number of screws tightened to the roof tiles is halved, it is possible to prevent the tiles from cracking or decreasing in strength. In the present invention, the distance between the tiles to be drilled is not particularly limited, and depending on the assumed maximum wind speed and the like, two tiles may be drilled or the tiles may be drilled at intervals of more than one. However, for eaves tiles and sleeve tiles lined up at the edge of the tiled roof, which tends to be the starting point of scattering and falling, it is preferable to make holes above the tile rails, tile seats, etc. to fix all of them.
After the drilling step, a cleaning step of blowing off cutting chips with an air blow or the like can be performed if necessary.
「注入工程」
穿孔工程で設けた孔部に接着剤５を注入する。本発明で用いる接着剤は、本発明の被接着物同士を接着できるものであれば種類は特に制限されず、エポキシ系接着剤、アクリル系接着剤、シリコーン系接着剤、ウレタン系接着剤、ポリエステル系接着剤等を使用することができる。これらの中で、耐候性、耐久性、接着性の点から、エポキシ系接着剤、シリコーン系接着剤、シリル化アクリレート系接着剤が好ましい。接着剤としては、市販されているものを適宜用いることができ、例えばセメダイン株式会社「ＥＰ４８」、「ＥＸＣＥＬ Ｉ」等を用いることができる。
"Injection process"
The adhesive 5 is injected into the holes provided in the drilling step. The type of the adhesive used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can adhere the objects to be adhered to each other of the present invention, and is an epoxy adhesive, an acrylic adhesive, a silicone adhesive, a urethane adhesive, and a polyester. A system adhesive or the like can be used. Among these, epoxy-based adhesives, silicone-based adhesives, and silylated acrylate-based adhesives are preferable from the viewpoints of weather resistance, durability, and adhesiveness. As the adhesive, a commercially available adhesive can be appropriately used, and for example, Cemedine Co., Ltd. "EP48", "EXCEL I" and the like can be used.
瓦は、夏季には昼に７０℃近く夜に２０℃前後と温度が変化する。地震による衝撃や、温度変化に伴う膨張・収縮による界面剥離や瓦の割れを防止するために、接着剤は弾性接着剤であることが好ましい。弾性接着剤としては、ＪＩＳ Ｋ６２５１に準拠して、厚さ１ｍｍのダンベル状１号形試験片を用いて温度２３℃の条件にて測定される切断時伸びまたは降伏点伸びのいずれか小さい方の値が２０％以上であることが好ましい。 The temperature of roof tiles changes to around 70 ° C in the daytime and around 20 ° C at night in the summer. The adhesive is preferably an elastic adhesive in order to prevent impact due to an earthquake, interfacial peeling due to expansion / contraction due to temperature change, and cracking of roof tiles. As the elastic adhesive, whichever is smaller, the elongation at the time of cutting or the elongation at the yield point measured under the condition of a temperature of 23 ° C. using a dumbbell-shaped No. 1 test piece having a thickness of 1 mm in accordance with JIS K6251. The value is preferably 20% or more.
本発明において、孔部は閉じておらず、２枚の瓦の間、及び下方の瓦と瓦桟との間には隙間が存在している。接着剤は、この隙間から屋根の傾斜で流れ落ちないように、粘度が高いことが好ましく、具体的には、ＪＩＳ Ｋ６８３３−１に準拠し、ＢＨ型粘度計（ローターＮｏ．６）を用いた、２３℃、回転数２０ｒｐｍでの粘度が、１Ｐａ・ｓ以上５００Ｐａ・ｓ以下が好ましく、１０Ｐａ・ｓ以上２００Ｐａ・ｓ以下であることがより好ましい。また、揺変性を有することが、注入時には流動性を有し、注入された後は隙間から流出しにくくなるため好ましい。具体的には、前記条件における回転数１ｒｐｍでの粘度の回転数１０ｒｐｍでの粘度に対する比（１ｒｐｍでの粘度／１０ｒｐｍでの粘度）が２以上であることが好ましい。 In the present invention, the hole is not closed, and there is a gap between the two roof tiles and between the lower roof tile and the roof tile. The adhesive preferably has a high viscosity so that it does not flow down from this gap due to the inclination of the roof. Specifically, a BH type viscometer (rotor No. 6) is used in accordance with JIS K6833-1. The viscosity at 23 ° C. and 20 rpm is preferably 1 Pa · s or more and 500 Pa · s or less, and more preferably 10 Pa · s or more and 200 Pa · s or less. Further, it is preferable to have sway denaturation because it has fluidity at the time of injection and it is difficult for it to flow out from the gap after injection. Specifically, it is preferable that the ratio of the viscosity at a rotation speed of 1 rpm to the viscosity at a rotation speed of 10 rpm (viscosity at 1 rpm / viscosity at 10 rpm) under the above conditions is 2 or more.
「緊結工程」
接着剤５を注入した孔部にねじ４を締め込み、瓦３Ａ、３Ｂと瓦桟２とを緊結する。ねじは、呼び径（ねじ山を含む外径）が孔部の直径よりも大きいものを使用することが、瓦を強固に緊結することができるため好ましい。また、ねじは、軸部の先端側のみにねじ山を有する「木ねじ」状であることが好ましい。木ねじを用いることにより、ねじ山を有する軸部先端が瓦桟に強固に固定されるとともに、軸部頭部側のねじ山を有さない部分に対応する瓦が下方に押し付けられるため、瓦を強固に緊結することができる。
"Binding process"
The
本発明において、孔部には接着剤が注入されているため、ねじと孔部の間は接着剤で充填されており、孔部から下方に雨水等が浸透することを防ぐことができる。さらに、接着剤は、ねじに押し出されて孔部の隙間から周囲に広がる。そして、この周囲に広がった接着剤が、瓦の間、最下方の瓦と瓦桟の間を接着することにより、より強固に瓦を固定することができる。 In the present invention, since the adhesive is injected into the hole, the space between the screw and the hole is filled with the adhesive, and it is possible to prevent rainwater or the like from penetrating downward from the hole. In addition, the adhesive is extruded by the screw and spreads around through the gaps in the holes. Then, the adhesive spread around the tiles adheres between the roof tiles and between the lowermost roof tile and the roof tile, so that the roof tile can be fixed more firmly.
さらに、必要に応じて、孔部を耐水パテで埋める、ねじの頭部を耐水パテ等で覆う等の耐水処理工程や、２段掘を行った場合は化粧キャップを嵌め込む化粧工程を行うことができる。
なお、上記した瓦落下・飛散防止構造、瓦落下・飛散防止工法は、一例であり、本発明はこの一例に限定されるものではない。
Furthermore, if necessary, perform a water resistant treatment process such as filling the hole with a water resistant putty, covering the head of the screw with a water resistant putty, etc., and a cosmetic process of fitting a decorative cap when two-step digging is performed. Can be done.
The roof tile fall / scattering prevention structure and the roof tile falling / scattering prevention method described above are examples, and the present invention is not limited to this example.
１ 下葺き材
２ 瓦桟
３ 瓦
４ ねじ
５ 接着剤
1
Claims (4)
前記孔部に接着剤を注入する注入工程、
前記孔部にねじを締め込み、瓦と瓦桟とを緊結する緊結工程、
を備えることを特徴とする瓦落下・飛散防止工法。 A drilling process that drills holes that penetrate multiple roof tiles above the roof tiles of an existing roof tile.
An injection step of injecting an adhesive into the hole,
A binding process in which screws are tightened into the holes to bind the tiles to the roof tiles.
A roof tile fall / scattering prevention method characterized by being equipped with.
前記孔部に締め込まれ、孔部が穿孔された瓦と瓦桟とを緊結するねじと、
前記孔部を充填する接着剤と、を有することを特徴とする瓦落下・飛散防止構造。 A hole that penetrates multiple roof tiles above the roof tile,
A screw that is tightened into the hole and connects the tile with the hole and the roof tile,
A roof tile fall / scattering prevention structure characterized by having an adhesive that fills the holes.
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2020
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