JP2021147763A

JP2021147763A - Superstructure support structure

Info

Publication number: JP2021147763A
Application number: JP2020045386A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 啓祥田; qi xiang Tian; 徳民馮; Demin Feng; 太郎中川; Taro Nakagawa
Original assignee: Fujita Corp
Current assignee: Fujita Corp
Priority date: 2020-03-16
Filing date: 2020-03-16
Publication date: 2021-09-27
Anticipated expiration: 2040-03-16
Also published as: JP7325365B2

Abstract

To prevent excessive uplift and damage of a superstructure during earthquake and reduce an impact occurring when the uplifted superstructure drops.SOLUTION: When earthquake is detected by an earthquake detecting section 36, a friction member 32A is expanded by charging air in a fluid chamber 40A to perform a pressure control to press an outer peripheral surface 3206 of the friction member 32A against an inner peripheral surface 2204 of a pile head 2202. When the earthquake vibration reaches a ground G directly under a superstructure 12, a large horizontal force is applied to the superstructure 12, and the moment causes the superstructure 12 to tilt so as to displace one side of the superstructure 12 in an uplifting direction. In this case, a friction resistance is generated between the outer peripheral surface 3206 of the expanded friction member 32A and the inner peripheral surface 2204 of a pile 18, and a resistance to upward or downward displacement of the superstructure 12 is generated.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

本発明は、上部構造物の支持構造に関する。 The present invention relates to a support structure for a superstructure.

地盤に打設された杭によって建物（上部構造物）を支持する構造として、上端に上方に開放された空間部を有する杭と、建物の下面に取着されその下部が空間部にはめ込まれる截頭円錐形の杭頭キャップとを備え、杭頭キャップの下部に抜け止め部材を垂下させたものが提案されている（特許文献１参照）。
上記構造では、地震発生時に建物および杭頭キャップが杭に対して傾動することで建物に作用するモーメントが低減される。 As a structure to support the building (superstructure) by the piles cast on the ground, a pile having a space part open upward at the upper end and a pile attached to the lower surface of the building and the lower part is fitted into the space part. It has been proposed that a pile head cap having a conical head is provided and a retaining member is hung below the pile head cap (see Patent Document 1).
In the above structure, the moment acting on the building is reduced by tilting the building and the pile head cap with respect to the pile when an earthquake occurs.

特許第４８６３９８２号公報Japanese Patent No. 48632982

しかしながら、上記従来技術では、地震により水平方向の力が建物に作用して建物が浮き上がるロッキングと呼ばれる現象が生じた場合、建物の浮き上がり量が過大となり建物が損傷することが懸念され、また、建物の浮き上がり後の降下により、杭頭キャップが杭の上部に勢いよくぶつかることで発生した衝撃力が建物に加わり建物が損傷することが懸念される。
本発明は、このような事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、地震時の上部構造物の過大な浮き上がりを抑制し、かつ、浮き上がった上部構造物が降下する際の衝撃を緩和する上で有利な上部構造物の支持構造を提供することを目的とする。 However, in the above-mentioned conventional technique, when a horizontal force acts on a building due to an earthquake and a phenomenon called locking in which the building is lifted occurs, there is a concern that the amount of lifting of the building becomes excessive and the building is damaged. There is a concern that the impact force generated by the pile head cap hitting the upper part of the pile vigorously due to the descent after the lift is applied to the building and the building is damaged.
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and is advantageous in suppressing excessive lifting of the superstructure at the time of an earthquake and mitigating the impact when the lifted superstructure descends. It is an object of the present invention to provide a support structure for a superstructure.

上記目的を達成するために、本発明は、杭頭に上方に開放された空間部を有する杭を介して上部構造物を支持する上部構造物の支持構造であって、前記上部構造物と前記杭頭とにわたって抵抗機構が設けられ、前記抵抗機構は、前記上部構造物の下面から下方に突設され前記空間部に挿入されるロッドと、前記ロッドに取着されその内部の流体室への流体の給排により膨張縮小可能で膨張することで前記空間部を構成する前記杭頭の内周面に圧接する摩擦部材と、前記流体室への前記流体の充填および前記流体室からの前記流体の排出を行なう流体給排部と、地震を検知する地震検知部と、前記地震検知部による地震の検知に基づいて前記流体給排部を制御する制御部とを備えることを特徴とする。
また、本発明は、前記摩擦部材は、前記ロッドの延在方向に沿った厚さを有し、前記摩擦部材の中心には前記流体室と区画された中心孔が前記摩擦部材の厚さ方向に貫通して設けられ、前記ロッドは前記摩擦部材の厚さ方向の全長にわたって前記中心孔に挿通され前記中心孔に取着されていることを特徴とする。
また、本発明は、前記摩擦部材は、その内部を前記流体室とした円筒状を呈し、前記ロッドの下端は前記摩擦部材の上部に取着されていることを特徴とする。
また、本発明は、前記地震検知部は、地震の初期微動であるＰ波を検出するＰ波検出器を備え、前記制御部による前記流体給排部の制御は、前記Ｐ波検出器で検出された前記Ｐ波の加速度が予め定められた充填開始しきい値を上回ったならば、前記流体給排部による前記流体室への前記流体の充填を行なうことでなされることを特徴とする。
また、本発明は、前記制御部による前記流体給排部の制御は、前記Ｐ波検出器によって検出される前記Ｐ波の加速度が大きいほど、前記流体給排部によって前記流体室へ充填される前記流体の量を増加させるようになされることを特徴とする。
また、本発明は、前記Ｐ波に遅れて到達する地震の主要動であるＳ波を検出するＳ波検出器をさらに備え、
前記制御部による前記流体給排部の制御は、前記流体室への前記流体の充填後、前記Ｓ波検出器によって検出される前記Ｓ波の加速度が予め定められた充填解除しきい値を下回った状態が予め定められた解除判定時間以上継続したならば、前記流体給排部による前記流体の前記流体室への充填を停止し前記流体室から前記流体の排出を行なうようになされることを特徴とする。
また、本発明は、前記上部構造物と前記杭頭との間に、前記杭頭に対して前記上部構造物の上方への変位を許容しつつ前記上部構造物の水平方向の位置決めを行なう位置決め部が設けられ、前記抵抗機構は、前記位置決め部の内側に設けられていることを特徴とする。
また、本発明は、前記位置決め部は、前記上部構造物の下面に取着され、その下部が前記空間部にはめ込まれ前記上部構造物の下面から下方に離れるにつれて断面積が次第に小さくなる中空状の杭頭キャップを含んで構成され、前記抵抗機構は、前記杭頭キャップの内側を通って設けられていることを特徴とする。
また、本発明は、前記上部構造物と前記杭頭との間に、前記杭頭に対して前記上部構造物の上方への変位を許容しつつ前記上部構造物の水平方向の位置決めを行なう位置決め部が設けられ、前記抵抗機構は、前記位置決め部と前記空間部とにわたって設けられていることを特徴とする。
また、本発明は、前記位置決め部は、前記上部構造物の下面に取着されその下部が前記空間部にはめ込まれ前記上部構造物の下面から下方に離れるにつれて断面積が次第に小さくなる中実状の杭頭キャップを含んで構成され、前記抵抗機構は、前記杭頭キャップの下面と前記空間部とにわたって設けられていることを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is a support structure for a superstructure that supports the superstructure via a pile having a space open upward at the pile head, and the superstructure and the above-mentioned superstructure. A resistance mechanism is provided over the pile head, and the resistance mechanism is provided to a rod that protrudes downward from the lower surface of the superstructure and is inserted into the space, and a rod that is attached to the rod and into a fluid chamber inside the rod. A friction member that can be expanded and contracted by supplying and discharging a fluid and press-contacts with the inner peripheral surface of the pile head that constitutes the space, and the fluid chamber is filled with the fluid and the fluid from the fluid chamber. It is characterized by including a fluid supply / discharge unit for discharging the fluid, an earthquake detection unit for detecting an earthquake, and a control unit for controlling the fluid supply / discharge unit based on the detection of an earthquake by the earthquake detection unit.
Further, in the present invention, the friction member has a thickness along the extending direction of the rod, and a central hole partitioned from the fluid chamber is located in the center of the friction member in the thickness direction of the friction member. The rod is inserted through the central hole and attached to the central hole over the entire length of the friction member in the thickness direction.
Further, the present invention is characterized in that the friction member has a cylindrical shape with the inside thereof as the fluid chamber, and the lower end of the rod is attached to the upper part of the friction member.
Further, in the present invention, the seismic detection unit includes a P wave detector that detects the preliminary tremors of an earthquake, and the control of the fluid supply / discharge unit by the control unit is detected by the P wave detector. When the acceleration of the P wave exceeds a predetermined filling start threshold value, the fluid supply / discharge unit fills the fluid chamber with the fluid.
Further, in the present invention, in the control of the fluid supply / discharge unit by the control unit, the larger the acceleration of the P wave detected by the P wave detector, the more the fluid supply / discharge unit fills the fluid chamber. It is characterized in that it is made to increase the amount of the fluid.
Further, the present invention further includes an S wave detector that detects an S wave, which is the main motion of an earthquake that arrives behind the P wave.
In the control of the fluid supply / discharge unit by the control unit, the acceleration of the S wave detected by the S wave detector after filling the fluid chamber with the fluid falls below a predetermined charge release threshold value. If the state continues for a predetermined release determination time or longer, the filling of the fluid into the fluid chamber by the fluid supply / discharge unit is stopped, and the fluid is discharged from the fluid chamber. It is a feature.
Further, the present invention provides positioning between the superstructure and the pile head so that the superstructure is positioned in the horizontal direction while allowing the pile head to be displaced upward with respect to the pile head. A portion is provided, and the resistance mechanism is provided inside the positioning portion.
Further, in the present invention, the positioning portion is attached to the lower surface of the superstructure, and the lower portion is fitted into the space and the cross-sectional area gradually decreases as the distance from the lower surface of the superstructure decreases. The resistance mechanism is provided through the inside of the pile head cap.
Further, the present invention provides positioning between the superstructure and the pile head so that the superstructure is positioned in the horizontal direction while allowing the pile head to be displaced upward with respect to the pile head. A portion is provided, and the resistance mechanism is provided over the positioning portion and the space portion.
Further, in the present invention, the positioning portion is attached to the lower surface of the upper structure, the lower portion thereof is fitted into the space portion, and the cross-sectional area gradually decreases as the distance from the lower surface of the upper structure decreases. It is configured to include a pile head cap, and the resistance mechanism is provided over the lower surface of the pile head cap and the space portion.

本発明によれば、地震が発生すると、地震検知部が地震を検知し地震動が上部構造物の直下の地盤に到達する前に流体給排部により流体室に流体を充填し、摩擦部材を膨張させる。
やがて地震動が上部構造物の直下の地盤に到達すると、上部構造物に大きな水平力が作用し、そのモーメントにより上部構造物が傾動し、上部構造物の一側が浮き上がる方向に変位しようとする。
この場合、膨張した摩擦部材と杭の内周面との間に摩擦抵抗が生じ、上部構造物の上方への変位に対しての抵抗を生じる。
したがって、上部構造物の浮き上がりを許容しつつ抵抗を生じ、上部構造物の過大な浮き上がりを抑制し、上部構造物の損傷を抑制する上で有利となる。
また、上部構造物の浮き上がり後の降下時には、膨張した摩擦部材による摩擦抵抗が生じ、上部構造物の下方への変位に対しての抵抗を生じる。
したがって、上部構造物の浮き上がり後の降下時に降下に対して降下を許容しつつ抵抗を生じ、上部構造物の衝撃を抑制する上で有利となり、上部構造物の損傷を抑制する上で有利となる。
また、摩擦部材の中心孔にロッドを取着すると、摩擦部材の保守、点検、交換などを簡単に行なう上で有利となる。
また、摩擦部材が、その内部を流体室とした円筒状を呈し、ロッドの下端を摩擦部材の上部に取着すると、摩擦部材に中心孔を設ける必要がないことから、摩擦部材の構成を簡素化でき、摩擦部材のコストダウンを図る上で有利となる。
また、Ｐ波検出器で検出された地震の初期微動であるＰ波の加速度が予め定められた充填開始しきい値を上回ったならば、流体給排部による流体室への流体の充填を行なうようにすると、上部構造物の直下の地盤に地震の主要動であるＳ波が到達する前に摩擦部材を膨張させるので、上部構造物の損傷を抑制する上でより有利となる。
また、Ｐ波の加速度が大きくなるほど、流体室に充填する流体の量を増加させると、Ｐ波の加速度が小さく地震によって生じる上部構造物の上方への僅かな変位に対しては、摩擦部材による摩擦抵抗が抑制されるため、上部構造物の浮き上がりを許容しつつ低めの摩擦抵抗を生じ、上部構造物の損傷を抑制する上で有利となる。また、Ｐ波の加速度が大きく、地震によって生じる上部構造物の上方への大きな変位に対しては、摩擦部材による摩擦抵抗が大きくなるため、上部構造物の浮き上がりを許容しつつ高めの摩擦抵抗を生じ、上部構造物の損傷を抑制する上で有利となり、また、摩擦部材の杭頭からの抜落を阻止する上で有利となる。
また、Ｓ波検出器によって検出されるＳ波の加速度が予め定められた充填解除しきい値を下回った状態が予め定められた解除判定時間以上継続したならば、流体給排部による流体の流体室への充填を停止し流体室から流体の排出を行なうようにすると、地震が収束した段階で摩擦部材を収縮させるので、摩擦部材を膨張させている時間を最小限に短縮できるため、流体給排部の無駄な動作を抑制できると共に、摩擦部材の耐久性の向上を図る上で有利となる。
また、上部構造物と杭頭との間に、杭頭に対して上部構造物の上方への変位を許容しつつ上部構造物の水平方向の位置決めを行なう位置決め部を設け、抵抗機構を位置決め部の内側に設けると、地震時、上部構造物に過大な水平力が加わることで一時的に上部構造物の浮き上がりや水平方向へのずれが生じても、位置決め部により上部構造物の水平方向の位置が元の位置に戻るため、地震の収束後に上部構造物を水平に支持する上で有利となる。
また、位置決め部を、上部構造物の下面に取着され、その下部が空間部にはめ込まれ前記上部構造物の下面から下方に離れるにつれて断面積が次第に小さくなる中空状の杭頭キャップを含んで構成し、抵抗機構を、杭頭キャップの内側を通って設けると、杭頭キャップが杭頭の空間部に対しあらゆる方向に傾動可能となるため、仮に杭が傾斜していても上部構造物を水平に支持する上で有利となる。
また、上部構造物と杭頭との間に、杭頭に対して上部構造物の上方への変位を許容しつつ上部構造物の水平方向の位置決めを行なう位置決め部を設け、抵抗機構を位置決め部と空間部とにわたって設けると、地震時、上部構造物に過大な水平力が加わることで一時的に上部構造物の浮き上がりや水平方向へのずれが生じても、位置決め部により上部構造物の水平方向の位置が元の位置に戻るため、地震の収束後に上部構造物を水平に支持する上で有利となる。
また、位置決め部を、上部構造物の下面に取着されその下部が空間部にはめ込まれ前記上部構造物の下面から下方に離れるにつれて断面積が次第に小さくなる中実状の截頭の杭頭キャップを含んで構成し、抵抗機構を、杭頭キャップの下面と空間部とにわたって設けると、杭頭キャップが杭頭の空間部に対しあらゆる方向に傾動可能となるため、仮に杭が傾斜していても上部構造物を水平に支持する上で有利となる。 According to the present invention, when an earthquake occurs, the earthquake detection unit detects the earthquake and fills the fluid chamber with the fluid by the fluid supply / discharge unit before the earthquake motion reaches the ground directly under the superstructure, and expands the friction member. Let me.
When the seismic motion eventually reaches the ground directly under the superstructure, a large horizontal force acts on the superstructure, and the moment causes the superstructure to tilt, and one side of the superstructure tends to be displaced in the rising direction.
In this case, frictional resistance is generated between the expanded friction member and the inner peripheral surface of the pile, and resistance to upward displacement of the superstructure is generated.
Therefore, resistance is generated while allowing the superstructure to lift, which is advantageous in suppressing excessive lifting of the superstructure and suppressing damage to the superstructure.
Further, when the superstructure is lowered after being lifted, frictional resistance is generated by the expanded friction member, and resistance to downward displacement of the superstructure is generated.
Therefore, when the superstructure is lowered after being lifted, resistance is generated while allowing the descent to be performed, which is advantageous in suppressing the impact of the superstructure and is advantageous in suppressing damage to the superstructure. ..
Further, if the rod is attached to the central hole of the friction member, it is advantageous in easily performing maintenance, inspection, replacement and the like of the friction member.
Further, when the friction member has a cylindrical shape with the inside thereof as a fluid chamber and the lower end of the rod is attached to the upper part of the friction member, it is not necessary to provide a center hole in the friction member, so that the structure of the friction member is simplified. This is advantageous in reducing the cost of friction members.
If the acceleration of the P wave, which is the preliminary tremors of the earthquake detected by the P wave detector, exceeds the predetermined filling start threshold value, the fluid supply / discharge unit fills the fluid chamber with the fluid. As a result, the friction member is expanded before the S wave, which is the principal tremor of the earthquake, reaches the ground directly under the superstructure, which is more advantageous in suppressing damage to the superstructure.
Further, as the acceleration of the P wave increases, the amount of fluid filled in the fluid chamber is increased. Since the frictional resistance is suppressed, a low frictional resistance is generated while allowing the superstructure to float, which is advantageous in suppressing damage to the superstructure. In addition, since the acceleration of the P wave is large and the frictional resistance due to the friction member increases against a large upward displacement of the superstructure caused by an earthquake, a high frictional resistance is provided while allowing the superstructure to float. It is advantageous in suppressing damage to the superstructure and also in preventing the friction member from falling out from the pile head.
Further, if the state in which the acceleration of the S wave detected by the S wave detector is lower than the predetermined charge release threshold value continues for a predetermined release determination time or longer, the fluid of the fluid by the fluid supply / discharge unit If the filling of the chamber is stopped and the fluid is discharged from the fluid chamber, the friction member is contracted when the earthquake is settled, so that the time for expanding the friction member can be minimized. It is advantageous in improving the durability of the friction member as well as suppressing unnecessary operation of the exhaust portion.
Further, a positioning unit is provided between the superstructure and the pile head to horizontally position the superstructure while allowing the pile head to be displaced upward, and the resistance mechanism is positioned. If it is installed inside, even if an excessive horizontal force is applied to the superstructure during an earthquake and the superstructure temporarily rises or shifts in the horizontal direction, the positioning part will make the superstructure horizontal. Since the position returns to the original position, it is advantageous for supporting the superstructure horizontally after the earthquake has converged.
Further, the positioning portion is attached to the lower surface of the superstructure, and the lower portion is fitted into the space portion, and includes a hollow pile head cap whose cross-sectional area gradually decreases as the distance from the lower surface of the superstructure decreases downward. If a resistance mechanism is provided through the inside of the pile head cap, the pile head cap can tilt in all directions with respect to the space of the pile head. Therefore, even if the pile is tilted, the superstructure can be tilted. It is advantageous for supporting horizontally.
Further, a positioning unit is provided between the superstructure and the pile head to horizontally position the superstructure while allowing the pile head to be displaced upward, and the resistance mechanism is positioned. If it is provided over the space, even if an excessive horizontal force is applied to the superstructure during an earthquake and the superstructure temporarily rises or shifts in the horizontal direction, the positioning part will make the superstructure horizontal. Since the position in the direction returns to the original position, it is advantageous for supporting the superstructure horizontally after the earthquake has converged.
Further, the positioning portion is attached to the lower surface of the superstructure, and the lower portion is fitted into the space portion, and the pile head cap of the solid head whose cross-sectional area gradually decreases as the distance from the lower surface of the superstructure decreases downward is provided. If the resistance mechanism is provided over the lower surface of the pile head cap and the space portion, the pile head cap can be tilted in all directions with respect to the space portion of the pile head, so even if the pile is tilted. It is advantageous for supporting the superstructure horizontally.

第1の実施の形態の上部構造物の支持構造の構成の一部を破断して示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows by breaking a part of the structure of the support structure of the superstructure of 1st Embodiment. 第1の実施の形態の上部構造物の支持構造において上部構造物の浮き上がりが発生した場合の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing in the case where the superstructure is lifted in the support structure of the superstructure of the first embodiment. 第1の実施の形態の上部構造物の支持構造の動作を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the operation of the support structure of the superstructure of 1st Embodiment. 第２の実施の形態の上部構造物の支持構造の構成の一部を破断して示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows by breaking a part of the structure of the support structure of the superstructure of the 2nd Embodiment. 第２の実施の形態の上部構造物の支持構造において上部構造物の浮き上がりが発生した場合の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing in the case where the superstructure is lifted in the support structure of the superstructure of the second embodiment.

（第１の実施の形態）
以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。
図１に示すように、本実施の形態の上部構造物の支持構造１０Ａは、上部構造物１２を支持するものであり、杭１８と、抵抗機構２０Ａとを備えている。
上部構造物１２は、体育館、倉庫、鉄塔などの構造物であり、水平方向に延在する基礎梁１４と、基礎梁１４から立設された複数の柱１６とを含んで構成されている。
基礎梁１４として、鉄筋コンクリート造（ＲＣ造）、鉄骨造（Ｓ造）のもの、あるいは、木製の基礎梁など従来公知の様々なものが使用可能である。 (First Embodiment)
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the support structure 10A of the superstructure of the present embodiment supports the superstructure 12, and includes a pile 18 and a resistance mechanism 20A.
The superstructure 12 is a structure such as a gymnasium, a warehouse, and a steel tower, and includes a foundation beam 14 extending in the horizontal direction and a plurality of columns 16 erected from the foundation beam 14.
As the foundation beam 14, various conventionally known ones such as a reinforced concrete structure (RC structure), a steel frame structure (S structure), and a wooden foundation beam can be used.

杭１８は、杭本体２２と、空間部２４とを含んで構成されている。なお、杭１８として、ＲＣ杭などのコンクリート杭、鋼管杭、あるいは、木製杭など従来公知の様々な杭が使用可能であり、本実施の形態では、鋼管杭である。
杭本体２２は地盤Ｇに打設され、杭頭２２０２の上面は地盤Ｇ上に露出されている。
空間部２４は、杭頭２２０２に上方に開放状に形成されている。
本実施の形態では、杭本体２２は鋼管杭であるため、空間部２４は杭本体２２の内部で杭本体２２の全長にわたって形成され、空間部２４は杭本体２２の内周面で円柱状に形成されている。なお、杭本体２２がコンクリート杭である場合には、空間部２４を杭頭２２０２に予め形成しておく。
また、図中符号２５は、杭本体２２の上部の外周面の全周に沿って設けられた補強用のリングであり、リング２５は溶接によって杭本体２２に接合されている。 The pile 18 includes a pile main body 22 and a space portion 24. As the pile 18, various conventionally known piles such as concrete piles such as RC piles, steel pipe piles, and wooden piles can be used, and in the present embodiment, they are steel pipe piles.
The pile body 22 is driven into the ground G, and the upper surface of the pile head 2202 is exposed on the ground G.
The space portion 24 is formed in an upwardly open shape on the pile head 2202.
In the present embodiment, since the pile body 22 is a steel pipe pile, the space portion 24 is formed inside the pile body 22 over the entire length of the pile body 22, and the space portion 24 is cylindrical on the inner peripheral surface of the pile body 22. It is formed. When the pile body 22 is a concrete pile, the space portion 24 is formed in advance on the pile head 2202.
Further, reference numeral 25 in the drawing is a reinforcing ring provided along the entire circumference of the outer peripheral surface of the upper portion of the pile body 22, and the ring 25 is joined to the pile body 22 by welding.

更に本実施の形態では、位置決め部２６が設けられている。
位置決め部２６は、上部構造物１２と杭頭２２０２との間に設けられ、杭頭２２０２に対して上部構造物１２の上方への変位を許容しつつ上部構造物１２の水平方向の位置決めを行なうものである。
本実施の形態では、位置決め部２６は杭頭キャップ２８と杭頭２２０２を含んで構成されている。
杭頭キャップ２８は、鋼製であり、キャップ本体２８０２と、蓋板部２８０４とを備えている。
キャップ本体２８０２は、上部構造物基礎梁１４の下面１４０２から下方に離れるにつれて断面積が次第に小さくなる中空状を呈し、本実施の形態では、截頭円錐形の中空の枠状を呈し、キャップ本体２８０２の下部は空間部２４にはめ込まれ、言い換えると杭頭２２０２の上端にはめ込まれている。
蓋板部２８０４は、キャップ本体２８０２の上縁よりも大きな輪郭を有する正方形の鋼板で構成され、蓋板部２８０４の中心には、後述するロッド３０Ａのフランジ３００２を収容する孔部２８０５が形成されている。
蓋板部２８０４は、キャップ本体２８０２の軸心と蓋板部２８０４の中心とを合致させた状態でキャップ本体２８０２の上縁と蓋板部２８０４の下面とが溶接で接合されている。
蓋板部２８０４は、基礎梁１４の下面１４０２にボルトＢ１とナットＮ１を介して締結されている。
キャップ本体２８０２の下部が空間部２４にはめ込まれた状態でキャップ本体２８０２の下部は杭頭２２０２の内周面２２０４の上縁２２０６に摩擦接触している。
なお、本明細書において、截頭円錐形は部分球形状、球面形状などの形状を広く含む。
本発明において杭頭キャップ２８は省略可能であるが、杭頭キャップ２８を用いることにより以下の効果が奏される。
１）杭頭２２０２の空間部２４にキャップ本体２８０２をはめ込むことで、キャップ本体２８０２が杭頭２２０２の空間部２４に対しあらゆる方向に傾動可能となるため、杭頭２２０２の損傷が避けられる。
２）地震時、上部構造物１２に過大な水平力が加わることで一時的に上部構造物１２の浮き上がりや水平方向へのずれが生じても、キャップ本体２８０２が杭頭２２０２の空間部２４にはめ込まれることで上部構造物１２の水平方向の位置が元の位置に戻るため、地震の収束後に基礎梁１４を水平に支持する上で有利となる。
なお、位置決め部２６は杭頭キャップ２８に限定されず、従来公知の様々な構造が適用可能であるが、杭頭キャップ２８を用いると上述の効果を奏する点で有利となる。
また、本実施の形態では、杭１８が断面形状が円形の鋼管杭で構成されている場合について説明したが、杭は断面矩形であってもよく、その場合、杭頭キャップは、基礎梁１４の下面１２０２から下方に離れるにつれて断面積が次第に小さくなる中空状、あるいは、中実状を呈していればよく、具体的には截頭角錐形となる。 Further, in the present embodiment, the positioning unit 26 is provided.
The positioning portion 26 is provided between the superstructure 12 and the pile head 2202, and positions the superstructure 12 in the horizontal direction while allowing the pile head 2202 to be displaced upward. It is a thing.
In the present embodiment, the positioning portion 26 includes a pile head cap 28 and a pile head 2202.
The pile head cap 28 is made of steel and includes a cap main body 2802 and a lid plate portion 2804.
The cap body 2802 has a hollow shape in which the cross-sectional area gradually decreases as the distance from the lower surface 1402 of the superstructure foundation beam 14 decreases. The lower part of 2802 is fitted in the space 24, in other words, it is fitted in the upper end of the pile head 2202.
The lid plate portion 2804 is made of a square steel plate having a contour larger than that of the upper edge of the cap body 2802, and a hole portion 2805 for accommodating the flange 3002 of the rod 30A described later is formed in the center of the lid plate portion 2804. ing.
In the lid plate portion 2804, the upper edge of the cap main body 2802 and the lower surface of the lid plate portion 2804 are joined by welding in a state where the axial center of the cap main body 2802 and the center of the lid plate portion 2804 are aligned.
The lid plate portion 2804 is fastened to the lower surface 1402 of the foundation beam 14 via bolts B1 and nuts N1.
The lower part of the cap body 2802 is in frictional contact with the upper edge 2206 of the inner peripheral surface 2204 of the pile head 2202 in a state where the lower part of the cap body 2802 is fitted in the space 24.
In the present specification, the head cone shape broadly includes shapes such as a partial spherical shape and a spherical shape.
Although the pile head cap 28 can be omitted in the present invention, the following effects can be obtained by using the pile head cap 28.
1) By fitting the cap body 2802 into the space 24 of the pile head 2202, the cap body 2802 can tilt in all directions with respect to the space 24 of the pile head 2202, so that damage to the pile head 2202 can be avoided.
2) In the event of an earthquake, even if an excessive horizontal force is applied to the superstructure 12 and the superstructure 12 is temporarily lifted or displaced in the horizontal direction, the cap body 2802 will be placed in the space 24 of the pile head 2202. Since the horizontal position of the superstructure 12 returns to the original position by being fitted, it is advantageous for horizontally supporting the foundation beam 14 after the convergence of the earthquake.
The positioning portion 26 is not limited to the pile head cap 28, and various conventionally known structures can be applied, but using the pile head cap 28 is advantageous in that the above-mentioned effect is obtained.
Further, in the present embodiment, the case where the pile 18 is composed of a steel pipe pile having a circular cross-sectional shape has been described, but the pile may have a rectangular cross-section, and in that case, the pile head cap is the foundation beam 14. It suffices to have a hollow shape or a solid shape in which the cross-sectional area gradually decreases as the distance from the lower surface 1202 of the above surface increases, and more specifically, the cross-sectional area becomes a rectangular cone shape.

抵抗機構２０Ａは、上部構造物１２と杭１８の空間部２４とにわたって設けられている。
抵抗機構２０Ａは、上部構造物１２の浮き上がりに対して浮き上がりを許容しつつ抵抗を生じ、かつ、上部構造物１２の浮き上がり後の降下時に降下に対して降下を許容しつつ抵抗を生じるものである。
抵抗機構２０Ａは、ロッド３０Ａと、摩擦部材３２Ａと、流体給排部３４と、地震検知部３６と、制御部３８とを含んで構成されている。
ロッド３０Ａは、上部構造物１２の基礎梁１４の下面１４０２から杭頭キャップ２８の内側を通り杭頭キャップ２８の下方に突設され、空間部２４に挿入されている。
ロッド３０Ａは、その上端フランジ３００２が基礎梁１４の下面１４０２にボルトＢ２、ナットＮ２を介して締結されることで配設されている。
したがって、抵抗機構２０Ａは、杭頭キャップ２８の内側を通って設けられ、言い換えると、抵抗機構２０Ａは、位置決め部２６の内側に設けられている。
なお、杭頭キャップ２８が中実の截頭円錐形を呈している場合には、杭頭キャップ２８の下面は、上部構造物１２の下面を構成するため、ロッド３０Ａは杭頭キャップ２８の下面から突設されることになる。
その場合、抵抗機構２０Ａは、杭頭キャップ２８の下面と空間部２４とにわたって設けられ、言い換えると、抵抗機構２０Ａは、位置決め部２６と空間部２４とにわたって設けられることになる。 The resistance mechanism 20A is provided over the superstructure 12 and the space 24 of the pile 18.
The resistance mechanism 20A generates resistance while allowing the superstructure 12 to rise, and also causes resistance to the descent when the superstructure 12 descends after the lift. ..
The resistance mechanism 20A includes a rod 30A, a friction member 32A, a fluid supply / discharge unit 34, an earthquake detection unit 36, and a control unit 38.
The rod 30A passes through the inside of the pile head cap 28 from the lower surface 1402 of the foundation beam 14 of the superstructure 12 and projects below the pile head cap 28, and is inserted into the space portion 24.
The rod 30A is arranged by fastening the upper end flange 3002 to the lower surface 1402 of the foundation beam 14 via bolts B2 and nuts N2.
Therefore, the resistance mechanism 20A is provided through the inside of the pile head cap 28, in other words, the resistance mechanism 20A is provided inside the positioning portion 26.
When the pile head cap 28 has a solid head conical shape, the lower surface of the pile head cap 28 constitutes the lower surface of the superstructure 12, so that the rod 30A is the lower surface of the pile head cap 28. Will be stakeout from.
In that case, the resistance mechanism 20A is provided over the lower surface of the pile head cap 28 and the space portion 24, in other words, the resistance mechanism 20A is provided over the positioning portion 26 and the space portion 24.

摩擦部材３２Ａは、ロッド３０Ａに取着されその内部の流体室４０Ａへの流体の給排により膨張縮小可能で膨張することで空間部２４を構成する杭頭２２０２の内周面２２０４に圧接するものである。
本実施の形態では、摩擦部材３２Ａは、ロッド３０Ａの延在方向に沿った厚さを有し、摩擦部材３２Ａの中心には流体室４０Ａと区画された中心孔３２１０が摩擦部材３２Ａの厚さ方向に貫通して設けられ、ロッド３０Ａは摩擦部材３２Ａの厚さ方向の全長にわたって中心孔３２１０に挿通され中心孔３２１０の内周面３２１２に取着され、したがって、摩擦部材３２Ａはロッド３０Ａと一体的に杭頭２２０２の空間部２４内を上下に変位可能に構成されている。
本実施の形態では、摩擦部材３２Ａは、弾性変形可能なゴム材料で円板状に形成され、円形の上端面３２０２および下端面３２０４と、それら上端面３２０２および下端面３２０４を接続する外周面３２０６とを備えている。
流体室４０Ａは、摩擦部材３２Ａの中心部の周囲全周にわたって形成されており、断面が矩形状の環状を呈している。
ロッド３０Ａは、流体室４０Ａの内周面から離れた摩擦部材３２Ａの中心部に貫通されている。
摩擦部材３２Ａは、ロッド３０Ａの雄ねじ３００６に螺合する一対のナットＮ３と、一対のワッシャＷを介してロッド３０Ａの軸方向に移動不能に取着されている。
摩擦部材３２Ａは縮小した状態では杭本体２２の空間部２４に挿入可能な外径であり、摩擦部材３２Ａの空間部２４への配置と、空間部２４からの取り外しが円滑になされるように図られている。
摩擦部材３２Ａは、上部構造物１２が杭頭２２０２に対して浮き上がっていない上部構造物１２の静止状態で、空間部２４において、杭頭キャップ２８よりも下方に離れた初期位置に位置し、上部構造物１２の浮き上がりにより摩擦部材３２Ａは初期位置から上昇する。 The friction member 32A is attached to the rod 30A and can be expanded / contracted by supplying / discharging the fluid to / from the fluid chamber 40A inside the rod 30A. Is.
In the present embodiment, the friction member 32A has a thickness along the extending direction of the rod 30A, and a central hole 3210 partitioned from the fluid chamber 40A is the thickness of the friction member 32A at the center of the friction member 32A. Provided penetrating in the direction, the rod 30A is inserted through the central hole 3210 over the entire length of the friction member 32A in the thickness direction and attached to the inner peripheral surface 3212 of the central hole 3210, so that the friction member 32A is integrated with the rod 30A. The space portion 24 of the pile head 2202 is configured to be vertically displaceable.
In the present embodiment, the friction member 32A is formed of an elastically deformable rubber material in a disk shape, and connects the circular upper end surface 3202 and the lower end surface 3204 and the upper end surface 3202 and the lower end surface 3204 of the outer peripheral surface 3206. And have.
The fluid chamber 40A is formed over the entire circumference of the central portion of the friction member 32A, and has an annular shape having a rectangular cross section.
The rod 30A penetrates the central portion of the friction member 32A away from the inner peripheral surface of the fluid chamber 40A.
The friction member 32A is immovably attached to the rod 30A via a pair of nuts N3 screwed into the male screw 3006 of the rod 30A and a pair of washers W in the axial direction.
The friction member 32A has an outer diameter that can be inserted into the space portion 24 of the pile body 22 in a reduced state, and is shown so that the friction member 32A can be smoothly arranged in the space portion 24 and removed from the space portion 24. Has been done.
The friction member 32A is located at an initial position in the space portion 24 below the pile head cap 28 in a stationary state of the superstructure 12 in which the superstructure 12 is not lifted with respect to the pile head 2202, and is an upper portion. The friction member 32A rises from the initial position due to the lifting of the structure 12.

流体給排部３４は、流体室４０Ａへの流体の給排、すなわち、流体室４０Ａへの流体の充填、および、流体室４０Ａからの流体の排出を行なうものである。
本実施の形態では、流体として空気を用いるが、流体として油や水などの液体、あるいは、炭酸ガスなどの気体を用いることができる。
なお、流体として液体を用いる場合は、流体室４０Ａと流路を介して連通する液体タンクを設け、この液体タンクに液体を蓄えておく必要がある。また、流体として炭酸ガスなど空気とは異なる気体を用いる場合は、流体室４０Ａと流路を介して連通する気体タンクを設け、この気体タンクに気体を蓄えておく必要がある。
これに対して、本実施の形態のように流体として空気を用いると、大気中の空気を用いればよいため、液体タンクや気体タンクなどの専用の部材が不要となり、構成の簡素化を図りコストダウンを図る上で有利となる。 The fluid supply / discharge unit 34 supplies / discharges the fluid to the fluid chamber 40A, that is, fills the fluid chamber 40A with the fluid, and discharges the fluid from the fluid chamber 40A.
In the present embodiment, air is used as the fluid, but a liquid such as oil or water or a gas such as carbon dioxide gas can be used as the fluid.
When a liquid is used as the fluid, it is necessary to provide a liquid tank that communicates with the fluid chamber 40A via a flow path and store the liquid in this liquid tank. When a gas different from air such as carbon dioxide is used as the fluid, it is necessary to provide a gas tank that communicates with the fluid chamber 40A via a flow path and store the gas in this gas tank.
On the other hand, if air is used as the fluid as in the present embodiment, the air in the atmosphere may be used, so that a dedicated member such as a liquid tank or a gas tank becomes unnecessary, and the configuration is simplified and the cost is reduced. It is advantageous for downing.

本実施の形態では、流体給排部３４は、流路３４０２と、空気ポンプ（流体ポンプ）３４０４と、電磁弁３４０６とを備えている。
空気ポンプ３４０４は、大気中の空気を流体室４０Ａに接続された流路３４０２を介して流体室４０Ａに圧送するものであり、制御部３８によって運転の開始、停止が制御される。
このような空気ポンプ（流体ポンプ）３４０４として従来公知の様々な構成のポンプが使用可能である。
また、流体室４０Ａと空気ポンプ３４０４とを連通する流路３４０２は、流体室４０Ａが摩擦部材３２Ａとともに杭１８の長手方向に沿って移動できるように、伸縮する構造となっている。
電磁弁３４０６は、その一端が流体室４０Ａに連通し、他端が大気中に開放され、制御部３８によって開弁、閉弁が制御される。電磁弁３４０６は、摩擦部材３２Ａに不図示の取付具を介して支持されている。 In the present embodiment, the fluid supply / discharge unit 34 includes a flow path 3402, an air pump (fluid pump) 3404, and a solenoid valve 3406.
The air pump 3404 pumps air in the atmosphere to the fluid chamber 40A via a flow path 3402 connected to the fluid chamber 40A, and the control unit 38 controls the start and stop of the operation.
As such an air pump (fluid pump) 3404, pumps having various configurations known conventionally can be used.
Further, the flow path 3402 that communicates the fluid chamber 40A and the air pump 3404 has a structure that expands and contracts so that the fluid chamber 40A can move along with the friction member 32A along the longitudinal direction of the pile 18.
One end of the solenoid valve 3406 communicates with the fluid chamber 40A, the other end is opened to the atmosphere, and the valve opening and closing are controlled by the control unit 38. The solenoid valve 3406 is supported by the friction member 32A via an attachment (not shown).

地震検知部３６は地震を検知するものであり、本実施の形態では、地震の初期微動（Ｐ波）を検出するＰ波検出器３６０２と、Ｐ波から時間的に遅れて到達する主要動（Ｓ波）を検出するＳ波検出器３６０４とを含んで構成されている。
Ｐ波検出器３６０２およびＳ波検出器３６０４は、上部構造物１２の直下の地盤Ｇ、言い換えると、杭１８が打設された近傍の地盤Ｇに設置され、Ｐ波検出器３６０２およびＳ波検出器３６０４は、地盤Ｇの加速度からＰ波、Ｓ波の加速度を検出する。
なお、Ｐ波検出器３６０２およびＳ波検出器３６０４はＰ波、Ｓ波を検出できればよく、Ｐ波検出器３６０２およびＳ波検出器３６０４の設置場所は、上部構造物１２の直下の地盤Ｇから離れた地盤の箇所であっても、上部構造物１２の箇所であってもよい。 The earthquake detection unit 36 detects an earthquake, and in the present embodiment, the P wave detector 3602 that detects the preliminary tremors (P wave) of the earthquake and the main motion (P wave) that arrives after a time delay from the P wave (P wave). It is configured to include an S wave detector 3604 that detects (S wave).
The P wave detector 3602 and the S wave detector 3604 are installed in the ground G directly below the superstructure 12, in other words, in the ground G in the vicinity where the pile 18 is driven, and the P wave detector 3602 and the S wave detector are detected. The vessel 3604 detects the acceleration of the P wave and the S wave from the acceleration of the ground G.
The P wave detector 3602 and the S wave detector 3604 need only be able to detect the P wave and the S wave, and the P wave detector 3602 and the S wave detector 3604 are installed from the ground G directly under the superstructure 12. It may be a location on a distant ground or a location on the superstructure 12.

制御部３８は、地震検知部３６による地震の検知に基づいて流体給排部３４を制御するものである。
本実施の形態では、制御部３８は、Ｐ波検出器３６０２で検出されたＰ波の加速度が、予め定められた充填開始しきい値Ａ１を上回ったならば、直ちに空気ポンプ３４０４を作動させ、流体室４０Ａに空気を充填させることで摩擦部材３２Ａを膨張させ摩擦部材３２Ａの外周面３２０６を杭頭２２０２の内周面２２０４に圧接させる圧接制御を実施する。
また、本実施の形態では、制御部３８による圧接制御は、充填開始しきい値Ａ１を超えたＰ波の加速度が大きくなるほど、空気ポンプ３４０４により流体室４０Ａに充填する空気量を増加させ、摩擦部材３２Ａの膨張量を高め杭頭２２０２の内周面２２０４への圧接力を高めるようになされる。
また、制御部３８は、Ｓ波検出器３６０４で検出されるＳ波の加速度が、予め定められた充填解除しきい値Ａ２を下回った状態が予め定められた解除判定時間Ｔｒ以上継続したならば、空気ポンプ３４０４を停止させて空気の流体室４０Ａへの充填を停止すると共に、電磁弁３４０６を開弁して流体室４０Ａから空気を排出させ、摩擦部材３２Ａを収縮させ摩擦部材３２Ａの外周面３２０６の杭頭２２０２の内周面２２０４への圧接を解除し電磁弁３４０６を閉弁する圧接解除制御を実施する。 The control unit 38 controls the fluid supply / discharge unit 34 based on the detection of an earthquake by the earthquake detection unit 36.
In the present embodiment, the control unit 38 immediately activates the air pump 3404 when the acceleration of the P wave detected by the P wave detector 3602 exceeds the predetermined filling start threshold value A1. By filling the fluid chamber 40A with air, the friction member 32A is expanded and the outer peripheral surface 3206 of the friction member 32A is pressure-welded to the inner peripheral surface 2204 of the pile head 2202.
Further, in the present embodiment, in the pressure welding control by the control unit 38, as the acceleration of the P wave exceeding the filling start threshold value A1 increases, the amount of air filled in the fluid chamber 40A by the air pump 3404 increases, and friction occurs. The amount of expansion of the member 32A is increased, and the pressure contact force of the pile head 2202 with the inner peripheral surface 2204 is increased.
Further, if the control unit 38 continues the state in which the acceleration of the S wave detected by the S wave detector 3604 is lower than the predetermined charge release threshold value A2 for the predetermined release determination time Tr or more. , The air pump 3404 is stopped to stop filling the fluid chamber 40A with air, and the solenoid valve 3406 is opened to discharge air from the fluid chamber 40A, the friction member 32A is contracted, and the outer peripheral surface of the friction member 32A is contracted. Pressure welding release control is performed to release the pressure welding of the pile head 2202 of the 3206 to the inner peripheral surface 2204 and close the solenoid valve 3406.

次に本実施の形態の上部構造物の支持構造１０Ａの動作について図３のフローチャートを参照して説明する。
予め電磁弁３４０６は閉弁されているものとする。
制御部３８は、Ｐ波検出器３６０２でＰ波を検出したか否かを判定する（ステップＳ１０）。
ステップＳ１０が否定ならばステップＳ１０を繰り返す。
ステップＳ１０が肯定ならば、制御部３８は、Ｐ波検出器３６０２で検出されたＰ波の加速度Ａｐが予め定められた充填開始しきい値Ａ１を上回ったか否かを判定する（ステップＳ１２）。
ステップＳ１２が肯定ならば、制御部３８は圧接制御を実施する（ステップＳ１４）。すなわち、制御部３８は、直ちに空気ポンプ３４０４を作動させ、図２に示すように、流体室４０Ａに空気を充填させることで摩擦部材３２Ａを膨張させ摩擦部材３２Ａの外周面３２０６を杭頭２２０２の内周面２２０４に圧接させる。これにより、摩擦部材３２Ａと杭頭２２０２の内周面２２０４との摩擦抵抗が発生する。さらに、制御部３８は、充填開始しきい値Ａ１を超えたＰ波の加速度Ａｐが大きくなるほど、空気ポンプ３４０４により流体室４０Ａに充填する空気量を増加させ、摩擦部材３２Ａの膨張量を高め杭頭２２０２の内周面２２０４への圧接力を高める。
また、制御部３８は、Ｓ波検出器３６０４がＰ波から時間的に遅れて到達するＳ波を検出したか否かを判定する（ステップＳ１６）。
ステップＳ１６が否定ならばステップＳ１６に戻る。
ステップＳ１６が肯定ならば、制御部３８は、Ｓ波検出器３６０４で検出されたＳ波の加速度Ａｓが予め定められた充填解除しきい値Ａ２を下回ったか否かを判定する（ステップＳ１８）。
ステップＳ１８が否定ならばステップＳ１８に戻る。
ステップＳ１８が肯定ならば、制御部３８は、Ｓ波の加速度Ａｓが充填解除しきい値Ａ２を下回った状態が解除判定時間Ｔｒ以上継続したか否かを判定する（ステップＳ２０）。
ステップＳ２０が否定ならばステップＳ１８に戻る。
ステップＳ２０が肯定ならば、制御部３８は、圧接解除制御を実施する（ステップＳ２２）。すなわち、制御部３８は、空気ポンプ３４０４の停止させると共に、電磁弁３４０６を開弁して流体室４０Ａから空気を排出させ、摩擦部材３２Ａを収縮させ摩擦部材３２Ａの外周面３２０６の杭頭２２０２の内周面２２０４への圧接を解除し電磁弁３４０６を閉弁する。
これにより、摩擦部材３２Ａが縮小し摩擦部材３２Ａの外周面３２０６の杭頭２２０２の内周面２２０４への圧接が解除され、摩擦部材３２Ａと内周面２２０４との摩擦抵抗が予め設定された値に低下する。
以上で地震の発生から収束に至るまでの一連の制御が終了する。 Next, the operation of the support structure 10A of the superstructure of the present embodiment will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
It is assumed that the solenoid valve 3406 is closed in advance.
The control unit 38 determines whether or not the P wave detector 3602 has detected the P wave (step S10).
If step S10 is negative, step S10 is repeated.
If step S10 is affirmative, the control unit 38 determines whether or not the acceleration Ap of the P wave detected by the P wave detector 3602 exceeds the predetermined filling start threshold value A1 (step S12).
If step S12 is affirmative, the control unit 38 performs pressure welding control (step S14). That is, the control unit 38 immediately operates the air pump 3404, and as shown in FIG. 2, fills the fluid chamber 40A with air to expand the friction member 32A, and the outer peripheral surface 3206 of the friction member 32A is set on the pile head 2202. It is pressed against the inner peripheral surface 2204. As a result, frictional resistance is generated between the friction member 32A and the inner peripheral surface 2204 of the pile head 2202. Further, the control unit 38 increases the amount of air filled in the fluid chamber 40A by the air pump 3404 as the acceleration Ap of the P wave exceeding the filling start threshold value A1 increases, and increases the expansion amount of the friction member 32A to increase the pile. The pressure contact force of the head 2202 to the inner peripheral surface 2204 is increased.
Further, the control unit 38 determines whether or not the S wave detector 3604 has detected an S wave arriving with a time delay from the P wave (step S16).
If step S16 is negative, the process returns to step S16.
If step S16 is affirmative, the control unit 38 determines whether or not the acceleration As of the S wave detected by the S wave detector 3604 is below the predetermined filling release threshold value A2 (step S18).
If step S18 is negative, the process returns to step S18.
If step S18 is affirmative, the control unit 38 determines whether or not the state in which the acceleration As of the S wave is below the filling release threshold value A2 continues for the release determination time Tr or more (step S20).
If step S20 is negative, the process returns to step S18.
If step S20 is affirmative, the control unit 38 executes pressure welding release control (step S22). That is, the control unit 38 stops the air pump 3404, opens the solenoid valve 3406 to discharge air from the fluid chamber 40A, contracts the friction member 32A, and causes the pile head 2202 of the outer peripheral surface 3206 of the friction member 32A. The pressure welding to the inner peripheral surface 2204 is released and the solenoid valve 3406 is closed.
As a result, the friction member 32A is reduced, the pressure contact of the pile head 2202 of the outer peripheral surface 3206 of the friction member 32A to the inner peripheral surface 2204 is released, and the frictional resistance between the friction member 32A and the inner peripheral surface 2204 is set to a preset value. Decreases to.
This completes a series of controls from the occurrence of an earthquake to its convergence.

本実施の形態によれば、地震が発生した場合、地震検知部３６により地震が検出されると、流体室４０Ａに空気を充填させることで摩擦部材３２Ａを膨張させ、摩擦部材３２Ａの外周面３２０６を杭頭２２０２の内周面２２０４に圧接させる圧接制御を実施する。
そして、地震動が上部構造物１２の直下の地盤Ｇに到達すると、上部構造物１２に大きな水平力が作用し、そのモーメントにより上部構造物１２が傾動し、上部構造物１２の一側が浮き上がる方向に変位しようとする。
この場合、膨張した摩擦部材３２Ａの外周面３２０６と杭１８の内周面２２０４との間に摩擦抵抗が生じ、上部構造物１２の上方への変位に対しての抵抗を生じる。
したがって、上部構造物１２の浮き上がりを許容しつつ抵抗を生じ、上部構造物１２の損傷を抑制する上で有利となり、上部構造物１２に所在する人の不快感を軽減させる上で有利となる。
また、上部構造物１２の浮き上がり後の降下時には、膨張した摩擦部材３２Ａの外周面３２０６と杭１８の内周面２２０４との間に摩擦抵抗が生じ、上部構造物１２の下方への変位に対しての抵抗を生じる。
したがって、上部構造物１２の浮き上がり後の降下時に降下に対して降下を許容しつつ抵抗を生じ、上部構造物１２の衝撃を抑制する上で有利となる。
そのため、上部構造物１２の損傷を抑制する上で有利となり、上部構造物１２に所在する人の不快感を軽減させる上で有利となる。 According to the present embodiment, when an earthquake occurs, when the earthquake detection unit 36 detects the earthquake, the fluid chamber 40A is filled with air to expand the friction member 32A, and the outer peripheral surface 3206 of the friction member 32A is expanded. Is pressed against the inner peripheral surface 2204 of the pile head 2202.
Then, when the seismic motion reaches the ground G directly below the superstructure 12, a large horizontal force acts on the superstructure 12, and the moment causes the superstructure 12 to tilt and one side of the superstructure 12 to rise. Try to displace.
In this case, frictional resistance is generated between the outer peripheral surface 3206 of the expanded friction member 32A and the inner peripheral surface 2204 of the pile 18, and resistance is generated against the upward displacement of the superstructure 12.
Therefore, resistance is generated while allowing the superstructure 12 to float, which is advantageous in suppressing damage to the superstructure 12, and is advantageous in reducing discomfort of a person located in the superstructure 12.
Further, when the superstructure 12 descends after being lifted, frictional resistance is generated between the outer peripheral surface 3206 of the expanded friction member 32A and the inner peripheral surface 2204 of the pile 18, with respect to the downward displacement of the superstructure 12. Causes all resistance.
Therefore, when the superstructure 12 descends after being lifted, resistance is generated while allowing the descent against the descent, which is advantageous in suppressing the impact of the superstructure 12.
Therefore, it is advantageous in suppressing damage to the superstructure 12, and is advantageous in reducing discomfort of a person located in the superstructure 12.

また、本実施の形態では、摩擦部材３２Ａの中心孔３２１０にロッド３０Ａが取着されるので、摩擦部材３２Ａをロッド３０Ａから取り外すことができ、摩擦部材３２Ａの保守、点検、交換などを簡単に行なう上で有利となる。 Further, in the present embodiment, since the rod 30A is attached to the central hole 3210 of the friction member 32A, the friction member 32A can be removed from the rod 30A, and maintenance, inspection, replacement, etc. of the friction member 32A can be easily performed. It is advantageous to do.

また、本実施の形態では、Ｐ波検出器３６０２で検出された地震の初期微動であるＰ波の加速度Ａｐが予め定められた充填開始しきい値Ａ１を上回ったならば、流体給排部３４による流体室４０Ａへの空気の充填を行なうようにした。
したがって、上部構造物１２の直下の地盤Ｇに地震の主要動（Ｓ波）が到達する前に、摩擦部材３２Ａを膨張させ摩擦部材３２Ａの外周面３２０６を杭頭２２０２の内周面２２０４に圧接させる圧接制御を実施するので、上部構造物１２の損傷を抑制する上でより有利となり、上部構造物１２に所在する人の不快感を軽減させる上でより有利となる。 Further, in the present embodiment, if the acceleration Ap of the P wave, which is the preliminary tremors of the earthquake detected by the P wave detector 3602, exceeds the predetermined filling start threshold value A1, the fluid supply / discharge unit 34 The fluid chamber 40A was filled with air.
Therefore, before the main motion (S wave) of the earthquake reaches the ground G directly under the superstructure 12, the friction member 32A is expanded and the outer peripheral surface 3206 of the friction member 32A is pressed against the inner peripheral surface 2204 of the pile head 2202. Since the pressure welding control is performed, it is more advantageous in suppressing damage to the superstructure 12, and more advantageous in reducing discomfort of a person located in the superstructure 12.

また、本実施の形態では、制御部３８は、充填開始しきい値Ａ１を超えたＰ波の加速度Ａｐが大きくなるほど、空気ポンプ３４０４により流体室４０Ａに充填する空気量を増加させ、摩擦部材３２Ａの膨張量を高め杭頭２２０２の内周面２２０４への圧接力を高めるようにした。
したがって、Ｐ波の加速度Ａｐが小さく、したがって、比較的弱い地震によって生じる上部構造物１２の上方への僅かな変位に対しては、摩擦部材３２Ａの内周面２２０４への圧接力が低めとなり摩擦部材３２Ａと内周面２２０４との摩擦抵抗が抑制されるので、上部構造物１２の浮き上がりを許容しつつ低めの摩擦抵抗を生じ、上部構造物１２の損傷を抑制する上で有利となり、上部構造物１２に所在する人の不快感を軽減させる上で有利となる。
また、比較的弱い地震時には、上部構造物１２の浮き上がり後の降下時には、低めの摩擦抵抗が生じ、上部構造物１２の下方へ僅かな変位に対しての低めの抵抗を生じることから、上部構造物１２の浮き上がり後の降下時に降下に対して降下を許容しつつ低めの抵抗を生じ、上部構造物１２の衝撃を抑制する上で有利となり、上部構造物１２に所在する人の不快感を軽減させる上で有利となる。 Further, in the present embodiment, the control unit 38 increases the amount of air filled in the fluid chamber 40A by the air pump 3404 as the acceleration Ap of the P wave exceeding the filling start threshold value A1 increases, and the friction member 32A The amount of expansion of the pile head 2202 was increased so that the pressure contact force of the pile head 2202 with the inner peripheral surface 2204 was increased.
Therefore, the acceleration Ap of the P wave is small, and therefore, with respect to a slight upward displacement of the superstructure 12 caused by a relatively weak earthquake, the pressure contact force of the friction member 32A with respect to the inner peripheral surface 2204 becomes low and friction occurs. Since the frictional resistance between the member 32A and the inner peripheral surface 2204 is suppressed, a low frictional resistance is generated while allowing the superstructure 12 to rise, which is advantageous in suppressing damage to the superstructure 12, and is advantageous in suppressing damage to the superstructure 12. It is advantageous in reducing the discomfort of the person located in the object 12.
Further, in the case of a relatively weak earthquake, when the superstructure 12 descends after being lifted, a low frictional resistance is generated, and a low resistance to a slight displacement downward of the superstructure 12 is generated. When the object 12 is descended after it is lifted, a low resistance is generated while allowing the descent to the descent, which is advantageous in suppressing the impact of the superstructure 12, and reduces the discomfort of the person located in the superstructure 12. It is advantageous to make it.

また、Ｐ波の加速度Ａｐが大きく、したがって、比較的強い地震によって生じる上部構造物１２の上方への大きな変位に対しては、摩擦部材３２Ａの内周面２２０４への圧接力が高めとなり摩擦部材３２Ａと内周面２２０４との摩擦抵抗が大きくなるので、上部構造物１２の浮き上がりを許容しつつ高めの摩擦抵抗を生じ、上部構造物１２の損傷を抑制する上で有利となり、上部構造物１２に所在する人の不快感を軽減させる上で有利となり、また、摩擦部材３２Ａの杭頭２２０２からの抜落を阻止する上で有利となる。
また、比較的強い地震時には、上部構造物１２の浮き上がり後の降下時には、高めの摩擦抵抗が生じ、上部構造物１２の下方への大きな変位に対して高めの抵抗を生じることから、上部構造物１２の浮き上がり後の降下時に降下に対して降下を許容しつつ高めの抵抗を生じ、上部構造物１２の衝撃を抑制する上で有利となり、上部構造物１２に所在する人の不快感を軽減させる上で有利となる。 Further, since the acceleration Ap of the P wave is large, the pressure contact force of the friction member 32A with respect to the inner peripheral surface 2204 becomes high with respect to a large upward displacement of the superstructure 12 caused by a relatively strong earthquake. Since the frictional resistance between 32A and the inner peripheral surface 2204 becomes large, a high frictional resistance is generated while allowing the superstructure 12 to rise, which is advantageous in suppressing damage to the superstructure 12, and the superstructure 12 It is advantageous in reducing the discomfort of the person located in the area, and is also advantageous in preventing the friction member 32A from falling out from the pile head 2202.
Further, in the case of a relatively strong earthquake, when the superstructure 12 descends after being lifted, a high frictional resistance is generated, and a high resistance is generated against a large downward displacement of the superstructure 12, so that the superstructure 12 is generated. When the descent after the 12 is lifted, a high resistance is generated while allowing the descent to the descent, which is advantageous in suppressing the impact of the superstructure 12, and reduces the discomfort of the person located in the superstructure 12. It will be advantageous on.

なお、本実施の形態では、Ｐ波の加速度Ａｐが大きいほど摩擦部材３２Ａの杭頭２２０２の内周面２２０４への圧接力を高めるようにした場合について説明したが、Ｐ波の加速度Ａｐがしきい値を超えたならば、摩擦部材３２Ａの杭頭２２０２の内周面２２０４への圧接力を一定の値とするようにしてもよい。
しかしながら、本実施の形態のようにすると、Ｐ波の加速度Ａｐの大きさから予測される地震の大きさに応じて摩擦部材３２Ａと内周面２２０４との摩擦抵抗を調整することで上部構造物１２の損傷をより確実に抑制する上で有利となり、また、上部構造物１２に所在する人の不快感を軽減させる上でより有利となる。 In the present embodiment, the case where the pressure contact force of the friction member 32A to the inner peripheral surface 2204 of the pile head 2202 is increased as the acceleration Ap of the P wave is larger has been described, but the acceleration Ap of the P wave is increased. If the threshold value is exceeded, the pressure contact force of the friction member 32A with the inner peripheral surface 2204 of the pile head 2202 may be set to a constant value.
However, according to the present embodiment, the superstructure is formed by adjusting the frictional resistance between the friction member 32A and the inner peripheral surface 2204 according to the magnitude of the earthquake predicted from the magnitude of the acceleration Ap of the P wave. It is advantageous in suppressing the damage of 12 more reliably, and is more advantageous in reducing the discomfort of the person located in the superstructure 12.

また、本実施の形態では、制御部３８は、流体室４０Ａへの空気の充填後、Ｓ波検出器３６０４によって検出されるＳ波の加速度Ａｓが予め定められた充填解除しきい値Ａ２を下回った状態が予め定められた解除判定時間Ｔｒ以上継続したならば、流体給排部３４による空気の流体室４０Ａへの充填を停止し流体室４０Ａから空気の排出を行ない、摩擦部材３２Ａを収縮させ摩擦部材３２Ａの外周面３２０６の杭頭２２０２の内周面２２０４への圧接を解除する圧接解除制御を実施するようにした。
したがって、地震が収束した段階で摩擦部材３２Ａを収縮させるので、摩擦部材３２Ａを膨張させている時間を最小限に短縮できるため、流体給排部３４の無駄な動作を抑制できると共に、摩擦部材３２Ａの耐久性の向上を図る上で有利となる。 Further, in the present embodiment, in the control unit 38, after filling the fluid chamber 40A with air, the acceleration As of the S wave detected by the S wave detector 3604 is lower than the predetermined charge release threshold value A2. If the state continues for a predetermined release determination time Tr or more, the filling of the air into the fluid chamber 40A by the fluid supply / discharge unit 34 is stopped, air is discharged from the fluid chamber 40A, and the friction member 32A is contracted. The pressure welding release control for releasing the pressure welding of the pile head 2202 of the outer peripheral surface 3206 of the friction member 32A to the inner peripheral surface 2204 is implemented.
Therefore, since the friction member 32A is contracted at the stage when the earthquake has converged, the time for expanding the friction member 32A can be minimized, so that unnecessary operation of the fluid supply / discharge unit 34 can be suppressed and the friction member 32A can be suppressed. It is advantageous in improving the durability of the.

（第２の実施の形態）
次に図４，図５を参照して第２の実施の形態の上部構造物の支持構造１０Ｂについて説明する。
なお、第１の実施の形態と同様の部分、部材については同一の符号を付してその説明を省略し、異なる部分について重点的に説明する。
第２の実施の形態は、抵抗機構２０Ｂを構成するロッド３０Ｂ、摩擦部材３２Ｂ、流体室４０Ｂの構成が第１の実施の形態と異なっている。
図４に示すように、摩擦部材３２Ｂは、その内部を流体室４０Ｂとした円筒状を呈しており、弾性変形可能なゴム材料で形成され、円形の上端面３２０２および下端面３２０４と、それら上端面３２０２および下端面３２０４を接続する外周面３２０６を備えている。
ロッド３０Ｂの下端に円板状の下端フランジ３０１０が設けられ、この下端フランジ３０１０の下面３０１２が摩擦部材３２Ｂの上端面３２０２に接着によりあるいはボルト、ナットなどにより取着されている。
図４、図５に示すように、第１の実施の形態と同様に、摩擦部材３２Ｂは、その内部の流体室４０Ｂへの流体の給排により膨張縮小可能で膨張することで空間部２４を構成する杭頭２２０２の内周面２２０４に圧接する。 (Second Embodiment)
Next, the support structure 10B of the superstructure of the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5.
The same parts and members as in the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, the description thereof will be omitted, and the different parts will be mainly described.
In the second embodiment, the rod 30B, the friction member 32B, and the fluid chamber 40B constituting the resistance mechanism 20B are different from those in the first embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 4, the friction member 32B has a cylindrical shape having a fluid chamber 40B inside, and is made of an elastically deformable rubber material, and has a circular upper end surface 3202 and a lower end surface 3204, and above them. It includes an outer peripheral surface 3206 that connects the end surface 3202 and the lower end surface 3204.
A disk-shaped lower end flange 3010 is provided at the lower end of the rod 30B, and the lower surface 3012 of the lower end flange 3010 is attached to the upper end surface 3202 of the friction member 32B by adhesion, bolts, nuts, or the like.
As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, similarly to the first embodiment, the friction member 32B expands and contracts by supplying and discharging the fluid to the fluid chamber 40B inside the friction member 32B, thereby expanding the space portion 24. It is pressed against the inner peripheral surface 2204 of the constituent pile head 2202.

このような第２の実施の形態においても、第１の実施の形態と同様に、地震検知部３６により地震が検出されると、流体室４０Ｂに空気を充填させることで摩擦部材３２Ｂを膨張させ、摩擦部材３２Ｂを杭頭２２０２の内周面２２０４に圧接させる圧接制御を実施し、また、地震収束後に、空気の流体室４０Ｂへの充填を停止し流体室４０Ｂから空気の排出を行ない、摩擦部材３２Ｂを収縮させ摩擦部材３２Ｂの杭頭２２０２の内周面２２０４への圧接を解除する圧接解除制御を実施する。 In such a second embodiment as well, as in the first embodiment, when an earthquake is detected by the earthquake detection unit 36, the fluid chamber 40B is filled with air to expand the friction member 32B. , The friction member 32B is pressure-welded to the inner peripheral surface 2204 of the pile head 2202, and after the earthquake is settled, the filling of the air into the fluid chamber 40B is stopped and the air is discharged from the fluid chamber 40B. Pressure welding release control is performed to contract the member 32B and release the pressure welding of the friction member 32B to the inner peripheral surface 2204 of the pile head 2202.

第２の実施の形態では、ロッド３０Ｂ、摩擦部材３２Ｂ、流体室４０Ｂの構成が第１の実施の形態と異なるものの、圧接制御および圧接解除制御は、図３のフローチャートで示した場合と同様に実施され、第１の実施の形態と同様の作用効果が奏される。
また、第２の実施の形態では、摩擦部材３２Ｂは、その内部を流体室４０Ｂとした円筒状を呈し、ロッド３０Ｂの下端を摩擦部材３２Ｂの上端面３２０２に取着するようにしたので、摩擦部材３２Ｂに中心孔を設ける必要がないことから、摩擦部材３２Ｂの構成を簡素化でき、摩擦部材３２Ｂのコストダウンを図る上で有利となる。 In the second embodiment, the configurations of the rod 30B, the friction member 32B, and the fluid chamber 40B are different from those in the first embodiment, but the pressure welding control and the pressure welding release control are the same as in the case shown in the flowchart of FIG. It is carried out, and the same action and effect as those of the first embodiment are produced.
Further, in the second embodiment, the friction member 32B has a cylindrical shape having a fluid chamber 40B inside, and the lower end of the rod 30B is attached to the upper end surface 3202 of the friction member 32B. Since it is not necessary to provide the central hole in the member 32B, the configuration of the friction member 32B can be simplified, which is advantageous in reducing the cost of the friction member 32B.

なお、実施の形態では、Ｐ波検出器３６０２およびＳ波検出器３６０４がＰ波、Ｓ波の加速度Ａｐ、Ａｓを検出する場合について説明したが、加速度に代えてＰ波、Ｓ波の振幅あるいは速度などのパラメータを検出するようにしてもよく、その場合、充填開始しきい値、充填解除しきい値はそれぞれ振幅値あるいは速度値などの数値となる。 In the embodiment, the case where the P wave detector 3602 and the S wave detector 3604 detect the acceleration Ap and As of the P wave and the S wave has been described, but instead of the acceleration, the amplitude of the P wave and the S wave or Parameters such as speed may be detected, and in that case, the filling start threshold value and the filling release threshold value are numerical values such as an amplitude value or a speed value, respectively.

１０Ａ、１０Ｂ上部構造物の支持構造
１２上部構造物
１４基礎梁
１４０２下面
１６柱
１８杭
２０Ａ、２０Ｂ抵抗機構
２２杭本体
２２０２杭頭
２２０４内周面
２２０６上縁
２４空間部
２６位置決め部
２８杭頭キャップ
２８０２キャップ本体
２８０４蓋板部
３０Ａ、３０Ｂロッド
３０１０下端フランジ
３０１２下面
３２Ａ、３２Ｂ摩擦部材
３２０２上端面
３２０４下端面
３２０６外周面
３４流体給排部
３４０２流路
３４０４空気ポンプ
３４０６電磁弁
３６地震検知部
３６０２Ｐ波検出器
３６０４Ｓ波検出器
３８制御部
４０Ａ、４０Ｂ流体室 10A, 10B Support structure of superstructure 12 Superstructure 14 Foundation beam 1402 Bottom surface 16 Pillar 18 Pile 20A, 20B Resistance mechanism 22 Pile body 2202 Pile head 2204 Inner peripheral surface 2206 Upper edge 24 Space part 26 Positioning part 28 Pile head cap 2802 Cap body 2804 Lid plate 30A, 30B Rod 3010 Lower end flange 3012 Lower surface 32A, 32B Friction member 3202 Upper end surface 3204 Lower end surface 3206 Outer peripheral surface 34 Fluid supply / discharge part 3402 Flow path 3404 Air pump 3406 Electromagnetic valve 36 Earthquake detection part 3602 P Wave detector 3604 S wave detector 38 Control unit 40A, 40B Fluid chamber

Claims

It is a support structure of a superstructure that supports the superstructure through a pile having a space open upward at the pile head.
A resistance mechanism is provided between the superstructure and the pile head.
The resistance mechanism is
A rod that protrudes downward from the lower surface of the superstructure and is inserted into the space.
A friction member attached to the rod and press-contacting the inner peripheral surface of the pile head forming the space by expanding and contracting by supplying and discharging the fluid to the fluid chamber inside the rod.
A fluid supply / discharge unit that fills the fluid chamber with the fluid and discharges the fluid from the fluid chamber.
An earthquake detection unit that detects earthquakes and
A control unit that controls the fluid supply / discharge unit based on the detection of an earthquake by the earthquake detection unit.
A support structure for a superstructure, characterized in that it comprises.

The friction member has a thickness along the extending direction of the rod and has a thickness.
At the center of the friction member, a central hole partitioned from the fluid chamber is provided so as to penetrate in the thickness direction of the friction member.
The rod is inserted into the central hole and attached to the central hole over the entire length in the thickness direction of the friction member.
The support structure for the superstructure according to claim 1.

The friction member has a cylindrical shape with the inside thereof as the fluid chamber.
The lower end of the rod is attached to the upper part of the friction member.
The support structure for the superstructure according to claim 1.

The seismic detection unit includes a P wave detector that detects the preliminary tremors of an earthquake, the P wave.
In the control of the fluid supply / discharge unit by the control unit, if the acceleration of the P wave detected by the P wave detector exceeds a predetermined filling start threshold value, the fluid supply / discharge unit controls the fluid supply / discharge unit. This is done by filling the fluid chamber with the fluid.
The support structure for the superstructure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the superstructure is characterized by this.

In the control of the fluid supply / discharge unit by the control unit, the larger the acceleration of the P wave detected by the P wave detector, the greater the amount of the fluid filled in the fluid chamber by the fluid supply / discharge unit. Made to let you
4. The support structure for the superstructure according to claim 4.

The earthquake detection unit further includes an S wave detector that detects an S wave, which is the main motion of an earthquake that arrives behind the P wave.
In the control of the fluid supply / discharge unit by the control unit, the acceleration of the S wave detected by the S wave detector after filling the fluid chamber with the fluid falls below a predetermined charge release threshold value. If the state continues for a predetermined release determination time or longer, the filling of the fluid into the fluid chamber by the fluid supply / discharge unit is stopped, and the fluid is discharged from the fluid chamber.
The support structure of the superstructure according to claim 4 or 5.

A positioning portion is provided between the superstructure and the pile head to perform horizontal positioning of the superstructure while allowing the pile head to be displaced upward.
The resistance mechanism is provided inside the positioning portion.
The support structure for the superstructure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the superstructure is characterized by this.

The positioning portion includes a hollow pile head cap that is attached to the lower surface of the superstructure, the lower portion of which is fitted into the space, and the cross-sectional area gradually decreases as the distance from the lower surface of the superstructure decreases downward. Consists of
The resistance mechanism is provided through the inside of the pile head cap.
7. The support structure for the superstructure according to claim 7.

A positioning portion is provided between the superstructure and the pile head to perform horizontal positioning of the superstructure while allowing the pile head to be displaced upward.
The resistance mechanism is provided over the positioning portion and the space portion.
The support structure for the superstructure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the superstructure is characterized by this.

The positioning portion includes a solid pile head cap that is attached to the lower surface of the superstructure, the lower portion of which is fitted into the space, and the cross-sectional area gradually decreases as the distance from the lower surface of the superstructure decreases downward. Configured
The resistance mechanism is provided over the lower surface of the pile head cap and the space portion.
9. The support structure for the superstructure according to claim 9.