JP2021146724A - Design method for oil shale slag concrete blending ratio - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a design method for an oil shale slag concrete blending ratio corrective, having satisfactory operability, and capable of realizing the building recycle utilization of oil shale slag.SOLUTION: A method for preparing concrete using oil shale slag as a coarse aggregate comprises a step (1) where the apparent density of various raw materials is measured, a step (2) where a water-cement ratio is calculated to decide a water quantity for a unit, an initial sand ratio, and an oil shale slag volume replacement ratio, a step (3) where a cement material using quantity and the using quantities of cement and silica powder are calculated to decide the mixing quantity of a water-reducing agent and a steel fiber, a step (4) where a sand ratio is adjusted based on the volume ratio of the steel fiber and a step (5) where the unit using quantities of sand, stone, oil shale slag, and preliminary wet water are calculated.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to the field of concrete preparation and utilization of solid waste as a building material resource, and more specifically to a method for designing an oil shale slag concrete compounding ratio.

Due to the low oil content of oil shale, when using oil shale in the form of carbonization and combustion, it not only leaves a large amount of oil shale slag, occupies valuable land resources and affects the construction of beautiful rural areas. It also causes serious pollution to water sources and land, causes a series of environmental problems such as soil poisoning and crop damage, and seriously threatens the health and safety of residents.

Due to the unconsolidated porous structure of oil shale slag, it has properties such as heat retention, heat insulation, sound absorption, soundproofing, and light weight, and also contains active ingredients. Concrete is currently the most used building material in civil engineering work, and it is known that a large amount of aggregate is consumed every year. When oil shale shale environment-friendly concrete is prepared using oil shale slag as an aggregate and used as a material for walls, foundations, etc., oil shale shale can be used as a building resource. Its research and development and application are also of great significance for resource conservation, environmental protection, pollution control and reduction of construction costs.

For a long time, experts in the environmental chemistry industry and building materials have been studying the recovery and utilization of oil shale slag. However, many of their studies have only achieved certain results by extracting chemical elements from oil shale slag, crushing (coarse and fine polishing), and using it as a compounding material, but oil shale slag. Stocks are still huge and harm still exists. As a building material used in large quantities, concrete can be obtained by mixing other component materials with concrete to obtain different types of concrete. Raado LM, Hain T et al. (RAADO LM, HAIN T, KUUSIKE R, et al.Composition and Properties of Oil Shale Ash Concrete [J] .Oil Shale, 2014, 31 (2): 147-160.) After refining the shale, the concrete was successfully prepared with a powdered formulation, but the compressive strength of the concrete 28d was generally less than 5 MPa. Based on this situation, according to one aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, a compounding ratio design method for preparing concrete from oil shale slag in the form of coarse aggregate is proposed, and the strength of oil shale slag concrete is further improved. , Oil shale slag Realize the recycling of building materials and reduce secondary energy consumption.

Chinese Patent Application Publication No. 109053013

The present invention relates to the field of materials, and specifically to concrete raw materials, composite powders for concrete, and methods for producing the same. It mainly contains 30 to 50 parts of volcanic ash, 5 to 15 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 10 to 30 parts of oil shale, 15 to 30 parts of slag, 4 to 6 parts of activator, and 3 to 4 parts of Hanasen, and the activator is sodium sulfate. Or a composite powder for concrete that is sodium metanate. Hua Sen Element can improve the performance of concrete mixture, volcanic ash, desulfurized gypsum, oil shale and slag have better technical bondability to Hua Sen Element, and activator also improves the performance of composite powder. It was possible to realize an effective supply, further improve the technological and economic performance, and solve a series of problems such as environmental protection by utilizing low-quality industrial waste that could not be operated in the past.

In order to overcome the problems and deficiencies existing in the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for designing an oil shale slag concrete compounding ratio.

The technical plan used by the present invention in order to realize the above object is as follows.

A method for designing the oil shale slag concrete compounding ratio using oil shale slag as a coarse aggregate. When oil shale slag is used as a coarse aggregate, it consumes more material during concrete production than fine aggregate, making it easier to use as a resource.

As a preferred embodiment of the design method, the design method includes the following steps.

Step (1), determine the raw material type of the oil shale slag concrete. The raw material of the oil slag concrete consists of cement material, aggregate, water reducing agent and water, the cement material consists of cement or cement and silica powder, and the aggregate consists of sand and oil slag slag. Alternatively, it consists of stone, at least one of the steel fibers, sand and slag slag, and the water is pure water or consists of pure water and pre-wetting water.
Step (2), measure the apparent density of each raw material other than the water reducing agent.
Step (3), calculate the water-cement ratio. JGJ51-2002 <Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Technical Regulations> determines the net water content and initial sand ratio of unit volume oil slag concrete, and the water cement ratio and unit volume oil slag concrete net water volume to unit volume. Calculate the amount of cement material used for oil slag concrete.
Step (4), Calculate the amount of water reducing agent for the unit volume oil shale shale concrete, and determine the volume replacement rate of the oil shale shale. When the cement material contains silica powder, it is necessary to further calculate the amount of cement used and the amount of silica powder used in the unit volume oil shale slag concrete.
Step (5), if the aggregate does not contain steel fibers, the final sand ratio is the initial sand ratio, and if the aggregate contains steel fibers, the volume ratio of the steel fibers and the unit volume oil. The amount of steel fiber used in the slag concrete is determined, and the sand ratio is adjusted to the final sand ratio according to the volume ratio of the steel fiber.
Step (6), if the water does not contain pre-wetting water, ignore the volume of the water reducing agent and use the absolute volume method to determine the amount of sand and oil shale slag used in the unit volume of oil shale shale concrete. Calculate each. When the water contains pre-wetting water, the volume of the water reducing agent and the pre-wetting water is ignored, and the unit volume of sand and oil shale slag used in the unit volume of oil shale slag concrete is calculated using the absolute volume method. However, the amount of pre-wetting water is calculated so that the amount of pre-wetting water does not exceed the saturated water requirement (that is, the saturated water absorption) of the oil shale slag. If the aggregate contains stones, it is necessary to calculate the amount of stones used in the unit volume oil shale slag concrete using the corresponding absolute volume method. Oil shale slag in the form of coarse aggregate, replacing all or part of the stone. The replacement rate of the oil shale shale volume is the ratio of the oil shale shale volume to the total volume of the oil shale shale and the stone, and takes a value from the range of 0 to 100%.

ここで、W/Bは、水セメント比であり、α_a、α_bは、回帰係数であり、f_bは、セメント材料28dセメント砂圧縮強度でり、単位は、どれもMPaである。f_cu,kは、コンクリート立方体の圧縮強度基準値であり、コンクリートの設計強度レベル値を取り、単位は、MPaである。σは、コンクリート強度標準偏差であり、単位は、MPaである。α_a,α_b,f_b,f_cu,kおよびσは、どれもJGJ55-2011＜普通コンクリート配合比設計手順＞に規定された方法によって値をとった。ここで、油頁岩スラグ強度が低い特性を考慮して、3つの強度レベル(すなわち、15MPa)を向上させたことに基づいて水セメント比を算出した。 As a preferred embodiment of the design method, in the step (3), the water-cement ratio is determined by the following formula.

Here, W / B is the water-cement ratio, α _a and α _b are the regression coefficients, f _b is the cement material 28d cement sand compressive strength, and the units are all MPa. f _{cu and k} are the compressive strength reference values of the concrete cube, take the design strength level value of the concrete, and the unit is MPa. σ is the standard deviation of concrete strength, and the unit is MPa. α _a , α _b , f _b , f _{cu, k} and σ were all taken by the method specified in JGJ55-2011 <Concrete compounding ratio design procedure>. Here, the water-cement ratio was calculated based on the improvement of three strength levels (ie, 15 MPa), taking into account the low strength of oil shale slag.

As a preferred embodiment of the design method, in the step (4), the amount of the water reducing agent used is calculated according to the provisions of JGJ55-2011 <ordinary concrete compounding ratio design regulation>.

ここで、S_pは、最終砂率であり、単位は、％である。S_p0は、初期砂率であり、単位は、％である。V_fは、鋼繊維体積率であり、単位は、％である。 As a preferred embodiment of the design method, in the step (5), when the aggregate contains steel fibers, the final sand ratio is determined by the following formula.

Here, _Sp is the final sand ratio, and the unit is%. S _p0 is the initial sand ratio, and the unit is%. V _f is the volume fraction of steel fiber, and the unit is%.

ここで、V_sは、単位体積の油頁岩スラグコンクリートにおける砂の体積であり、単位は、m³である。m_w、m_c、m_sfは、それぞれ単位体積の油頁岩スラグコンクリートにおける純用水、セメント、シリカ粉末の使用量であり、単位は、どれもkgである。ρ_w、ρ_c、ρ_sfは、それぞれ純用水、セメント、シリカ粉末の見かけ密度であり、単位は、どれもkg/m³である。V_fは、鋼繊維体積率であり、単位は、％である。S_pは、最終砂率であり、単位は、％である。 As a preferred embodiment of the design method, in the step (6), the volume of sand in the oil shale slag concrete having a unit volume is calculated by the following formula (1).

Here, V _s is the volume of sand in a unit volume of oil shale slag concrete, and the unit is m ³ . m _w , m _c , and m _sf are the amounts of pure water, cement, and silica powder used in oil shale slag concrete of unit volume, respectively, and the units are all kg. ρ _w , ρ _c , and ρ _sf are the apparent densities of pure water, cement, and silica powder, respectively, in units of kg / m ³ . V _f is the volume fraction of steel fiber, and the unit is%. S _p is the final sand ratio, and the unit is%.

ここで、m_sは、単位体積の油頁岩スラグコンクリートにおける砂の使用量であり、単位は、kgである。ρ_sは、中砂の見かけ密度であり、単位は、kg/m³である。 The amount of sand used in a unit volume of oil shale slag concrete is calculated by Eq. (2).

Here, m _s is the amount of sand used in a unit volume of oil shale slag concrete, and the unit is kg. ρ _s is the apparent density of medium sand, in units of kg / m ³ .

ここで、m_rは、単位体積の油頁岩スラグコンクリートにおける油頁岩スラグの使用量であり、単位、はkgである。ρ_rは、油頁岩スラグの見かけ密度であり、単位は、kg/m³である。V_rは、油頁岩スラグの体積置換率であり、単位は％である。 The amount of oil shale slag used in a unit volume of oil shale slag concrete is calculated by Eq. (3).

Here, m _r is the amount of oil shale slag used in the unit volume of oil shale slag concrete, and the unit is kg. ρ _r is the apparent density of oil shale slugs, in units of kg / m ³ . V _r is the volume substitution rate of oil shale slag, and the unit is%.

ここで、m_g は、単位体積油頁岩スラグコンクリートの石使用量であり、単位は、kgである。ρ_gは、石の見かけ密度であり、単位は、kg/m³である。 When stones are included in the aggregate, the amount of stones used in the unit volume oil shale slag concrete is calculated by Eq. (4).

Here, _mg is the amount of stone used in the unit volume oil shale slag concrete, and the unit is kg. ρ _g is the apparent density of the stone, in units of kg / m ³ .

前記骨材に鋼繊維を含まない場合には、式（1）、式（2）および式（4）のV_f＝0である。 When the cement material does not contain silica powder, the formulas (1), (3) and (4)

_{When the aggregate does not contain steel fibers, V f} = 0 in the formulas (1), (2) and (4).

As a preferred embodiment of the design method, the volume fraction of the steel fiber is 0 to 2%.

In a preferred embodiment of the design method, the sand is medium sand and the stone is crushed stone.

ここで、m’_wは、単位体積油頁岩スラグコンクリートの予備湿潤用水量であり、単位は、kgである。m_rは、単位体積油頁岩スラグコンクリートの油頁岩スラグ使用量であり、単位は、kgである。w_xは、油頁岩スラグの飽和吸水率であり、単位は、％である。ηは、予備湿潤の程度であり、40〜100％の値を取る。 As a preferred embodiment of the design method, the oil shale shale concrete is prepared by uniformly mixing sand and oil shale shale, or sand, oil shale shale and stone, and then adding pre-wetting water for pre-wetting treatment. A pre-wet uniform material is obtained, and the pre-wet uniform material is mixed with a surplus raw material to prepare the material. Here, the surplus raw material comprises a cement material, pure water and a water reducing agent, or a cement material, pure water, a water reducing agent and a steel fiber. When the surplus raw material does not contain steel fibers, the pre-wet uniform material is sequentially mixed with a cement material, pure water, and a water reducing agent, and when the surplus raw material contains steel fibers, the pre-wet uniform material is said. The material is a mixture of cement material, pure water, water reducing agent, and steel fiber in this order. The amount of pre-wetting water for unit volume oil shale slag concrete is determined by the following formula.

Here, _m'w is the amount of pre-wetting water for the unit volume oil shale slag concrete, and the unit is kg. m _r is the amount of oil shale slag used in the unit volume oil shale shale concrete, and the unit is kg. w _x is the saturated water absorption of oil shale slag, and the unit is%. η is the degree of pre-wetting and takes a value of 40-100%.

As a preferred embodiment of the design method, the oil shale slag concrete is prepared from PO 42.5R cement, silica powder, oil shale slag, crushed stone, river sand, steel fiber, water reducing agent, pre-wetting water and pure water. ..

As a preferred embodiment of the design method, the content of each raw material in the oil shale slag concrete per cubic meter is as shown in the following table, and the unit is kg.

The present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects as compared with the prior art.

(1) When oil shale slag is used as an aggregate, the quality is not good. Therefore, the present invention improves the internal fine structure by mixing ultrafine silica powder, and further improves its macro performance. Improve. The present invention met the designed oil shale slag concrete with the strength requirements of a particular structure based on the accurate calculation of the particle size distribution of the aggregate and the unit usage of various materials.
(2) The present invention can obtain concrete having high compressive strength by using oil shale slag as a coarse aggregate, and can increase the amount of oil shale slag used. It was realized.
(3) The present invention has a clear design procedure for oil shale slag concrete, the method is simple and concrete, it is easy to grasp, and it can be adopted in an actual process.

It is a flowchart of one Embodiment of the design method of the oil shale slag concrete compounding ratio of this invention.

In order to better illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below with reference to specific examples. The oil shale slag used in each example is the residue after drying of Shigena oil shale, sedimentation density 740 kg / m ³ , saturated water absorption rate 22.5%, crushing index 37.2%, both saturated water absorption rate and crushing index are standards <building stone, Since it was higher than the upper limit of class III crushed stone in crushed stone> (GB / T 14685-2011), ultrafine compounding material was mixed as a cement material using 42.5 grade or higher cement.

Example 1
This embodiment is an embodiment of the method for designing the oil shale slag concrete compounding ratio of the present invention, which includes the following steps.

ここで、α_a,α_b,f_b,f_cu,kおよびσは、どれもJGJ55-2011＜普通コンクリート配合比設計手順＞に規定された方法によって値をとった。そのうち、α_a ＝0.53、α_b＝0.2、f_b＝1.16×42.5＝49.3MPa、f_cu,k＝30MPa、σ＝5MPa。
JGJ51-2002＜軽量骨材コンクリート技術規程＞の規定によって1立方メートル当たり油頁岩スラグコンクリートの純用水量m_wは、175kgであった。初期砂率S_p0は、40％をとった。そして、W/Bとm_wから算出された1立方メートル当たり油頁岩スラグコンクリートのセメント材料使用量m_jは、425kgであった。
ステップ(4)、減水剤使用量は、セメント材料使用量の3％をとって、1立方メートル当たり油頁岩スラグコンクリートの減水剤使用量m_aを算出した。具体的には、m_a＝m_j×3％＝12.75kg。シリカ粉末の使用量は、セメント材料使用量の8％をとって、1立方メートル当たり油頁岩スラグコンクリートのセメント使用量m_cとシリカ粉末使用量m_sfを算出した。具体的には、m_sf＝m_j×8％＝34kg、m_c＝m_j−m_sf＝391kg。油頁岩スラグ体積置換率V_rは、23％をとった。
ステップ(5)、骨材は、鋼繊維を含まず、砂率を調整する必要がなく、最終砂率S_pは前記初期砂率S_p0であった。
ステップ(6)、減水剤の体積を無視し、絶対体積法を用いて単位体積油頁岩スラグコンクリートにおける中砂使用量m_s、油頁岩スラグ使用量m_rと砕石使用量m_gをそれぞれ算出し、具体的には、以下のとおりである。

ここで、V_sは単位体積油頁岩スラグコンクリートにおける砂体積である。

単位体積油頁岩スラグコンクリートにおける予備湿潤水使用量m’_wを算出し、具体的には、以下のとおりである。

ここで、w_xは、油頁岩スラグの飽和吸水率であり、ηは、予備湿潤の程度である。すなわち、油頁岩スラグ予備湿潤用水は、油頁岩スラグ飽和水要求量占める百分比であり、試験結果によると、その値は、40％をとった。 Step (1), Oil shale slag concrete raw materials are PO 42.5R cement, silica powder, naphthalene-based high-performance water reducing agent, medium sand with a maximum particle size of less than 2.5 mm, 5 to 20 mm particle size distribution crushed stone, 5 to 16 mm particle size distribution oil It was shale slag, pure water and pre-wetting water, and the coarse aggregates in this example were oil shale slag and crushed stone.
In step (2), the apparent density of each raw material other than the water reducing agent was measured. PO 42.5R Cement ρ _c : 3000kg / m ³ . Silica powder ρ _sf : 2200 kg / m ³ . Medium sand ρ _s : 2600 kg / m ³ . Crushed stone ρ _g : 2500 kg / m ³ . Oil shale slag ρ _r : 1550 kg / m ³ .
In step (3), the water-cement ratio W / B was calculated.

Here, α _a , α _b , f _b , f _{cu, k} and σ were all taken by the method specified in JGJ55-2011 <ordinary concrete compounding ratio design procedure>. Of these, α _a = 0.53, α _b = 0.2, f _b = 1.16 × 42.5 = 49.3MPa, f _{cu, k} = 30MPa, σ = 5MPa.
According to the provisions of JGJ51-2002 <Technical Regulations for Lightweight Aggregate Concrete>, the net water volume m _w of oil shale slag concrete per cubic meter was 175 kg. The initial sand ratio S _p0 was 40%. The cement material usage m _j of W / B and per cubic meter of oil shale slag concrete calculated from m _w was 425 kg.
Step (4), water reducing agent usage, taking 3% of the cement material usage was calculated water reducing agent amount m _a a cubic meter per oil shale slag concrete. Specifically, m _a = m _j x 3% = 12.75 kg. As for the amount of silica powder used, 8% of the amount of cement material used was taken, _{and the amount of cement used for oil shale slag concrete per cubic meter m c} and the amount of silica powder used m _sf were calculated. Specifically, m _sf = m _j x 8% = 34 kg, m _c = m _j −m _sf = 391 kg. The oil shale slag volume substitution rate V _r was 23%.
In step (5), the aggregate did not contain steel fibers, the sand ratio did not need to be adjusted, and the final sand ratio S _p was the initial sand ratio S _{p 0} .
In step (6), ignoring the volume of the water reducing agent, the unit volume oil shale slag concrete used medium sand m _s , oil shale slag m _r and crushed stone m _g were calculated using the absolute volume method. Specifically, it is as follows.

Here, V _s is the sand volume in the unit volume oil shale slag concrete.

Calculating a prewetted Water usage m _'w per unit volume oil shale slag concrete, specifically, as follows.

Here, w _x is the saturated water absorption rate of the oil shale slag, and η is the degree of pre-wetting. That is, the oil shale slag pre-wetting water is a percentage of the required amount of oil shale slag saturated water, and according to the test results, the value was 40%.

Example 2
This embodiment is an embodiment of the method for designing the oil shale slag concrete compounding ratio of the present invention, which includes the following steps.

ここで、α_a,α_b,f_b,f_cu,kおよびσは、どれもJGJ55-2011＜普通コンクリート配合比設計手順＞に規定された方法によって値をとった。そのうち、α_a ＝0.53、α_b＝0.2、f_b＝1.16×42.5＝49.3MPa、f_cu,k＝30MPa、σ＝5MPa。
JGJ51-2002＜軽量骨材コンクリート技術規程＞の規定によって1立方メートル当たり油頁岩スラグコンクリートの純用水量m_wは、175kgであった。初期砂率S_p0は、40％をとった。そして、W/Bとm_w から算出された1立方メートル当たり油頁岩スラグコンクリートのセメント材料使用量m_jは、425kgであった。
ステップ(4)、減水剤使用量は、セメント材料使用量の3％をとって、1立方メートル当たり油頁岩スラグコンクリートの減水剤使用量m_aを算出した。具体的には、m_a＝m_j×3％＝12.75kg。シリカ粉末の使用量はセメント材料使用量の8％をとって、1立方メートル当たり油頁岩スラグコンクリートのセメント使用量m_cとシリカ粉末使用量m_sfを算出した。具体的には、m_sf＝m_j×8％＝34kg、m_c＝m_j−m_sf＝391kg。油頁岩スラグ体積置換率V_rは23％をとった。
ステップ(5)、鋼繊維の体積率V_fは、0.5％をとって、すなわち、1立方メートル当たり油頁岩スラグコンクリートの鋼繊維使用量は、7800kg/m³×0.5％×1m³＝39kgであった。砂率を調整し、最終砂率を以下の式によって算出した。

ステップ(6)、減水剤の体積を無視し、絶対体積法を用いて単位体積油頁岩スラグコンクリートにおける中砂使用量m_s、油頁岩スラグ使用量m_rと砕石使用量m_gをそれぞれ算出し、具体的には、以下のとおりである。

単位体積油頁岩スラグコンクリートにおける予備湿潤水使用量m’_wを算出し、具体的には、以下のとおりである。

ここで、w_xは、油頁岩スラグの飽和吸水率であり、ηは、予備湿潤の程度である。すなわち、油頁岩スラグ予備湿潤用水は、油頁岩スラグ飽和水要求量占める百分比であり、試験結果によると、その値は、40％をとった。 Step (1), The raw materials for oil slag concrete are PO 42.5R cement, silica powder, naphthalene-based high-performance water reducing agent, medium sand with a maximum particle size of less than 2.5 mm, crushed stone with a maximum particle size of 5 to 20 mm, and a particle size distribution of 5 to 16 mm. Oil slag slag, hook end type steel fiber, pure water and pre-wetting water, and the coarse aggregates in this example were oil slag slag and crushed stone.
In step (2), the apparent density of each raw material other than the water reducing agent was measured. PO 42.5R Cement ρ _c : 3000kg / m ³ . Silica powder ρ _sf : 2200 kg / m ³ . Medium sand ρ _s : 2600 kg / m ³ . Crushed stone ρ _g : 2500 kg / m ³ . Oil shale slag ρ _r : 1550 kg / m ³ . Steel fiber ρ: 7800 kg / m ³ .
In step (3), the water-cement ratio W / B was calculated.

Here, α _a , α _b , f _b , f _{cu, k} and σ were all taken by the method specified in JGJ55-2011 <ordinary concrete compounding ratio design procedure>. Of these, α _a = 0.53, α _b = 0.2, f _b = 1.16 × 42.5 = 49.3MPa, f _{cu, k} = 30MPa, σ = 5MPa.
According to the provisions of JGJ51-2002 <Technical Regulations for Lightweight Aggregate Concrete>, the net water volume m _w of oil shale slag concrete per cubic meter was 175 kg. The initial sand ratio S _p0 was 40%. The cement material usage m _j of W / B and per cubic meter of oil shale slag concrete calculated from m _w was 425 kg.
Step (4), water reducing agent usage, taking 3% of the cement material usage was calculated water reducing agent amount m _a a cubic meter per oil shale slag concrete. Specifically, m _a = m _j x 3% = 12.75 kg. The amount of silica powder used was 8% of the amount of cement material used, and the amount of cement used for oil shale slag concrete per cubic meter m _c and the amount of silica powder used m _sf were calculated. Specifically, m _sf = m _j x 8% = 34 kg, m _c = m _j −m _sf = 391 kg. The oil shale slag volume substitution rate V _r was 23%.
Step (5), the volume ratio V _f of the steel fiber is 0.5%, that is, the amount of steel fiber used in the oil shale slag concrete per cubic meter is 7800 kg / m ³ x 0.5% x 1 m ³ = 39 kg. rice field. The sand ratio was adjusted and the final sand ratio was calculated by the following formula.

In step (6), ignoring the volume of the water reducing agent, the unit volume oil shale slag concrete used medium sand m _s , oil shale slag m _r and crushed stone m _g were calculated using the absolute volume method. Specifically, it is as follows.

Calculating a prewetted Water usage m _'w per unit volume oil shale slag concrete, specifically, as follows.

Here, w _x is the saturated water absorption rate of the oil shale slag, and η is the degree of pre-wetting. That is, the oil shale slag pre-wetting water is a percentage of the required amount of oil shale slag saturated water, and according to the test results, the value was 40%.

Example 3
This embodiment is an embodiment of the method for designing the oil shale slag concrete compounding ratio of the present invention, which includes the following steps.

ここで、α_a,α_b,f_b,f_cu,kおよびσは、どれもJGJ55-2011＜普通コンクリート配合比設計手順＞に規定された方法によって値をとった。そのうち、α_a＝0.53、α_b＝0.2、f_b＝1.16×42.5＝49.3MPa、f_cu,k＝30MPa、σ＝5MPa。
JGJ51-2002＜軽量骨材コンクリート技術規程＞の規定によって1立方メートル当たり油頁岩スラグコンクリートの純用水量m_wは、175kgであった。初期砂率S_p0は、40％をとった。そして、W/Bとm_wから算出された1立方メートル当たり油頁岩スラグコンクリートのセメント材料使用量m_jは425kgであった。
ステップ(4)、減水剤使用量は、セメント材料使用量の3％をとって、1立方メートル当たり油頁岩スラグコンクリートの減水剤使用量m_aを算出した。具体的には、m_a＝m_j×3％＝12.75kg。シリカ粉末の使用量は、セメント材料使用量の8％をとって、1立方メートル当たり油頁岩スラグコンクリートのセメント使用量m_cとシリカ粉末使用量m_sfを算出した。具体的には、m_sf＝m_j×8％＝34kg、m_c＝m_j−m_sf＝391kg。油頁岩スラグ体積置換率V_rは、100％をとった。
ステップ(5)、鋼繊維の体積率V_fは、0.5％をとって、すなわち、1立方メートル当たり油頁岩スラグコンクリートの鋼繊維使用量は、39kgm³であった。砂率を調整し、最終砂率を以下の式によって算出した。

ステップ(6)、減水剤の体積を無視し、絶対体積法を用いて単位体積油頁岩スラグコンクリートにおける中砂使用量m_s、油頁岩スラグ使用量m_rをそれぞれ算出し、具体的には、以下のとおりである。

単位体積油頁岩スラグコンクリートにおける予備湿潤水使用量m’_wを算出し、具体的には、以下のとおりである。

ここで、w_xは、油頁岩スラグの飽和吸水率であり、ηは、予備湿潤の程度であった。すなわち、油頁岩スラグ予備湿潤用水は、油頁岩スラグ飽和水要求量占める百分比であり、試験結果によると、その値は、80％をとった。 Step (1), Oil shale slag The raw materials for concrete are PO 42.5R cement, silica powder, naphthalene-based high-performance water reducing agent, medium sand with a maximum particle size of less than 2.5 mm, oil shale slag with a particle size distribution of 5 to 16 mm, hook end type. Steel fiber, pure water and pre-wetting water, and the coarse aggregates in this example were all oil shale slag.
In step (2), the apparent density of each raw material other than the water reducing agent was measured. PO 42.5R Cement ρ _c : 3000kg / m ³ . Silica powder ρ _sf : 2200 kg / m ³ . Medium sand ρ _s : 2600 kg / m ³ . Oil shale slag ρ _r : 1550 kg / m ³ . Steel fiber ρ: 7800 kg / m ³ .
In step (3), the water-cement ratio W / B was calculated.

Here, α _a , α _b , f _b , f _{cu, k} and σ were all taken by the method specified in JGJ55-2011 <ordinary concrete compounding ratio design procedure>. Of these, α _a = 0.53, α _b = 0.2, f _b = 1.16 × 42.5 = 49.3MPa, f _{cu, k} = 30MPa, σ = 5MPa.
According to the provisions of JGJ51-2002 <Technical Regulations for Lightweight Aggregate Concrete>, the net water volume m _w of oil shale slag concrete per cubic meter was 175 kg. The initial sand ratio S _p0 was 40%. The cement material usage m _j of W / B and per cubic meter of oil shale slag concrete calculated from m _w was 425 kg.
Step (4), water reducing agent usage, taking 3% of the cement material usage was calculated water reducing agent amount m _a a cubic meter per oil shale slag concrete. Specifically, m _a = m _j x 3% = 12.75 kg. As for the amount of silica powder used, 8% of the amount of cement material used was taken, _{and the amount of cement used for oil shale slag concrete per cubic meter m c} and the amount of silica powder used m _sf were calculated. Specifically, m _sf = m _j x 8% = 34 kg, m _c = m _j −m _sf = 391 kg. The oil shale slag volume substitution rate V _r was 100%.
In step (5), the volume ratio V _f of the steel fiber was 0.5%, that is, the amount of steel fiber used in the oil shale slag concrete per cubic meter was ^{39 kgm 3.} The sand ratio was adjusted and the final sand ratio was calculated by the following formula.

In step (6), ignoring the volume of the water reducing agent, the unit volume oil shale shale concrete used medium sand m _s and oil shale shale m _r were calculated using the absolute volume method. It is as follows.

Calculating a prewetted Water usage m _'w per unit volume oil shale slag concrete, specifically, as follows.

Here, w _x is the saturated water absorption rate of the oil shale slag, and η is the degree of pre-wetting. That is, the oil shale slag pre-wetting water is a percentage of the required amount of oil shale slag saturated water, and according to the test results, the value was 80%.

ここで、α_a,α_b,f_b,f_cu,kおよびσは、どれもJGJ55-2011＜普通コンクリート配合比設計手順＞に規定された方法によって値をとった。そのうち、α_a＝0.53、α_b＝0.2、f_b＝1.16×42.5＝49.3MPa、f_cu,k＝30MPa、σ＝5MPa。
JGJ51-2002＜軽量骨材コンクリート技術規程＞の規定によって単位体積油頁岩スラグコンクリートの純用水量m_wは、175kg/m³であった。初期砂率S_p0は、40％をとった。そして、W/Bとm_wから算出された1立方メートル当たり油頁岩スラグコンクリートのセメント材料使用量m_jは、425kg/m³であった。
ステップ(4)、減水剤使用量は、セメント材料使用量の3％をとって、1立方メートル当たり油頁岩スラグコンクリートの減水剤使用量m_aを算出した。具体的には、m_a＝m_j×3％＝12.75kg。シリカ粉末の使用量はセメント材料使用量の8％をとって、1立方メートル当たり油頁岩スラグコンクリートのセメント使用量m_cとシリカ粉末使用量m_sfを算出した。具体的には、m_sf＝m_j×8％＝34kg、m_c＝m_j−m_sf＝391kg。
ステップ(5)、骨材は、鋼繊維を含まず、砂率を調整する必要がなく、最終砂率S_pは、前記初期砂率S_p0であった。
ステップ(6)、減水剤の体積を無視し、絶対体積法を用いて単位体積油頁岩スラグコンクリートにおける中砂使用量、油頁岩スラグ使用量と砕石使用量をそれぞれ算出し、具体的には、以下のとおりである。

Comparative Example This comparative example is an embodiment of a method for designing an oil shale slag concrete compounding ratio including the following steps.
In step (1), the raw materials for oil shale slag concrete were PO 42.5R cement, silica powder, naphthalene-based high-performance water reducing agent, medium sand with a maximum particle size of less than 2.5 mm, crushed stone with a particle size distribution of 5 to 20 mm, and pure water. ..
In step (2), the apparent density of each raw material other than the water reducing agent was measured. PO 42.5R Cement ρ _c : 3000kg / m ³ . Silica powder ρ _sf : 2200 kg / m ³ . Medium sand ρ _s : 2600 kg / m ³ . Crushed stone ρ _g : 2500 kg / m ³ .
In step (3), the water-cement ratio W / B was calculated.

Here, α _a , α _b , f _b , f _{cu, k} and σ were all taken by the method specified in JGJ55-2011 <ordinary concrete compounding ratio design procedure>. Of these, α _a = 0.53, α _b = 0.2, f _b = 1.16 × 42.5 = 49.3MPa, f _{cu, k} = 30MPa, σ = 5MPa.
According to the provisions of JGJ51-2002 <Technical Regulations for Lightweight Aggregate Concrete>, the net water volume m _w of unit volume oil shale slag concrete was 175 kg / m ³ . The initial sand ratio S _p0 was 40%. The cement material usage m _j of W / B and per cubic meter of oil shale slag concrete calculated from m _w was 425 kg / m ^3.
Step (4), water reducing agent usage, taking 3% of the cement material usage was calculated water reducing agent amount m _a a cubic meter per oil shale slag concrete. Specifically, m _a = m _j x 3% = 12.75 kg. The amount of silica powder used was 8% of the amount of cement material used, and the amount of cement used for oil shale slag concrete per cubic meter m _c and the amount of silica powder used m _sf were calculated. Specifically, m _sf = m _j x 8% = 34 kg, m _c = m _j −m _sf = 391 kg.
In step (5), the aggregate did not contain steel fibers and the sand ratio did not need to be adjusted, and the final sand ratio S _p was the initial sand ratio S _{p 0} .
Step (6), ignoring the volume of the water reducing agent, calculate the amount of medium sand, oil shale slag and crushed stone used in the unit volume oil shale slag concrete using the absolute volume method. It is as follows.

As shown in Table 1, the compounding ratios of the concrete raw materials in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples were all in kg / m ³ .

^{Samples of the same standard and volume of 100 mm 3} were prepared according to the compounding ratios of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples, and the 28d density and compressive strength of these samples were measured, and the test results are shown in Table 2.

As can be seen from the test results in Table 2, when oil shale slag was mixed in the form of aggregate, the strength of concrete was definitely reduced, but when the volume replacement rate of oil shale slag was 23%, C30 You can reach the level. Further, the mixing of steel fibers can significantly improve the strength of the oil shale slag concrete, and further, the mixing of the oil shale slag reduces the density, which is advantageous for reducing the weight of the structure.

Finally, it should be explained that the above examples are used only for explaining the technical solutions of the present invention and do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail above, those skilled in the art will understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or equivalent without departing from the substance and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention. Should be.

Claims (10)

A method for designing an oil shale slag concrete compounding ratio, which comprises using oil shale slag as a coarse aggregate. The raw material of the oil slag concrete consists of cement material, aggregate, water reducing agent and water, the cement material consists of cement or cement and silica powder, and the aggregate consists of sand and oil slag slag. Alternatively, the step of determining the raw material type of oil slag concrete consisting of at least one of stone, steel fiber, sand and oil slag slag, the water being pure water or pure water and pre-wetting water (1). )When,
Step (2) to measure the apparent density of each raw material other than the water reducing agent,
Calculate the water-cement ratio, determine the net water content and initial sand ratio of unit volume oil slag concrete according to the provisions of JGJ51-2002 <Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Technical Regulations>, and then determine the water-cement ratio and unit volume oil slag concrete. Step (3) to calculate the amount of cement material used for unit volume oil slag concrete from the amount of pure water used in
Calculate the amount of water reducing agent for unit volume oil slag concrete, determine the volume replacement rate for oil slag slag, and if the cement material contains silica powder, the amount of cement used and silica for unit volume oil slag concrete. Step (4) to calculate the amount of powder used,
When the aggregate does not contain steel fibers, the final sand ratio is the initial sand ratio, and when the aggregate contains steel fibers, the volume ratio of the steel fibers and the unit volume oil slag concrete steel. Step (5) of determining the amount of fiber used and adjusting the sand ratio to the final sand ratio according to the volume ratio of the steel fiber,
When the water does not contain pre-wetting water, the volume of the water reducing agent is ignored, and the amount of sand and the amount of oil shale slag used in the unit volume oil shale shale concrete are calculated using the absolute volume method. When the water contains pre-wetting water, the volume of the water reducing agent and pre-wetting water is ignored, and the unit volume of sand and oil shale slag used in the unit volume oil shale shale concrete is calculated using the absolute volume method. And, calculate the amount of pre-wetting water so that the amount of pre-wetting water does not exceed the saturated water requirement (that is, saturated water absorption) of the oil shale shale, and if the aggregate contains stones, the corresponding absolute The design method according to claim 1, further comprising the step (6) of calculating the amount of stone used in the unit volume oil shale shale concrete using the volume method. In step (3) above, the water-cement ratio is determined by the following formula.

Here, W / B is the water-cement ratio, α _a , and α _{b are} all regression coefficients, f _b is the cement material 28d cement sand compressive strength, the unit is MPa, and f _{cu, k} is. , The compressive strength standard value of concrete cube, takes the design strength level value of concrete, the unit is MPa, σ is the standard deviation of concrete strength, the unit is MPa, α _a , α _b , f _The design method according to claim 2, wherein b, f _{cu, k} and σ all take values by the method specified in JGJ55-2011 <ordinary concrete compounding ratio design procedure>. The design method according to claim 2, wherein in step (4), the amount of the water reducing agent used is calculated according to the provisions of JGJ55-2011 <ordinary concrete compounding ratio design regulation>. In step (5), when the aggregate contains steel fibers, the final sand ratio is determined by the following formula.

Here, S _p is the final sand ratio, the unit is%, S _p0 is the initial sand ratio, the unit is%, V _f is the steel fiber volume fraction, and the unit is. The design method according to claim 2, wherein the content is%. In step (6), the volume of sand in a unit volume of oil shale slag concrete is calculated by the following formula (1).

Here, V _s is the volume of sand in the oil shale slag concrete of the unit volume, the unit is m ³ , and m _w , m _c , and m _sf are the pure water in the oil slab slag concrete of the unit volume, respectively. , Cement, silica powder usage, the unit is kg, ρ _w , ρ _c , ρ _sf are the apparent densities of pure water, cement, silica powder, respectively, and the unit is kg. / m ³ and V _f is the steel fiber volume ratio, the unit is%, _Sp is the final sand ratio, the unit is%,
The amount of sand used in a unit volume of oil shale slag concrete is calculated by Eq. (2).

Where m _s is the amount of sand used in a unit volume of oil shale slag concrete, the unit is kg, ρ _s is the apparent density of medium sand, and the unit is kg / m ³ . ,
The amount of oil shale slag used in unit volume oil shale slag concrete is calculated by Eq. (3).

Here, m _r is the amount of oil shale slug used in the oil shale slug concrete of a unit volume, the unit is kg, and ρ _r is the apparent density of the oil shale slug, and the unit is kg / m. ³ and V _r is the volume substitution rate of the oil shale slug, the unit is%,
When stones are included in the aggregate, the amount of stones used in the unit volume oil shale slag concrete is calculated by equation (4).

Here, _mg is the amount of stone used in the unit volume oil shale slag concrete, the unit is kg, ρ _g is the apparent density of the stone, and the unit is kg / m ³ .
When the cement material does not contain silica powder, the formulas (1), (3) and (4)

The design method according to claim 2, _{wherein when the aggregate does not contain steel fibers, V f} = 0 of the formulas (1), (2) and (4). The design method according to claim 2, wherein the sand is medium sand and the stone is crushed stone. The oil slag slag concrete is obtained by uniformly mixing sand and oil slag slag, or sand, oil slag slag and stone, and then adding pre-wetting water for pre-wetting treatment to obtain a pre-wetting uniform material. The pre-wet and uniform material was prepared by mixing it with a surplus raw material, wherein the surplus raw material was made from a cement material, pure water and a water reducing agent, or a cement material, pure water, a water reducing agent and a steel fiber. When the surplus raw material does not contain steel fiber, the pre-wet uniform material is sequentially mixed with a cement material, pure water, and a water reducing agent, and when the surplus raw material contains steel fiber, the pre-wetting uniform material is said. The wet uniform material is a mixture of cement material, pure water, water reducing agent, and steel fiber in that order, and the amount of preliminary wetting water for unit volume oil slag concrete is determined by the following formula.

Here, _m'w is the amount of pre-wetting water for the unit volume oil shale slag concrete, the unit is kg, and _mr is the amount of oil shale slag used for the unit volume oil shale slag concrete, and the unit is. , Kg, w _x is the saturated water absorption of the oil shale slag, the unit is%, and η is the degree of pre-wetting, which takes a value of 40-100%. The design method according to claim 2. The claim is that the oil shale slag concrete is prepared from PO 42.5R cement, silica powder, oil shale slag, crushed stone, river sand, steel fiber, water reducing agent, pre-wetting water and pure water. The design method described in 8. The design method according to claim 9, wherein the content of each raw material in oil shale slag concrete per cubic meter is as shown in the following table, and the unit is kg.

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