JP2021127655A - Method for evaluating natural ground using drilling energy - Google Patents

Abstract

To accurately represent a boundary where the drilling energy changes rapidly when creating a 2-D contour map of a face or a 3-D contour map of the overall in bird's eye view using the drilling energy measured by the drill jumbo.SOLUTION: The present invention comprises a first step of arranging the drilling energy of a drilled part, extracting the part where the drilling energy suddenly changes, and determining a line as a boundary line 12 of a geological property when a sudden change part is continuous, a second step of dividing into areas for each area divided by the boundary line 12, a third step of dividing a target ground range by meshes of a predetermined shape and estimating the perforation energy estimated value of each mesh belonging to each area by the spatial data complementation processing method based only on the perforation energy measurement value in the area, a fourth step of creating a 2-D contour map of the face or a 3-D contour map of the natural ground based on the drilling energy value of each mesh.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 7

Description

The present invention relates to a method of evaluating the ground in front of a face using the drilling energy measured by a drill jumbo when excavating a mountain tunnel.

Conventionally, in the excavation of mountain tunnels, grasping the geological strength of the face in advance not only leads to the efficiency of blasting and the reduction of excess excavation due to it, but also to the sudden inland air due to unexpected geological changes. It is important to prevent deformation and collapse of the face. Therefore, conventionally, one or more long holes (about 2 to 3) are drilled with a drill, and the drilling data (drilling energy) is used to predict the ground properties in front of the face. It has been broken (hereinafter referred to as drilling logging). The length of the long hole is about 20 to 40 m.

For example, in Patent Document 1 below, the drilling depth obtained by drilling with a hydraulic percussion drill, the cumulative drilling time at each depth, the instantaneous drilling speed, the piston striking energy, the feeding force, the torque, and the water supply pressure Create a drilling data file, process the file collectively with a personal computer to calculate the fracture energy, calculate the average fracture energy per unit hole length, and determine the rock grade and fracture energy by probabilistic and statistical methods. We used drilling data from a hydraulic drill, which is characterized by associating, performing rock mass evaluation using fracture energy, performing image processing with a computer, grasping the distribution of fracture energy, and predicting the geology in front of the face. A method for rock evaluation and prediction of geology in front of the face has been proposed.

However, it was difficult to grasp the ground condition in front of the face in detail and accurately with the drilling data of about 1 to 3 holes for the face. Therefore, in recent years, a computer-controlled drill jumbo automatically acquires drilling data including blasting drilling holes and drilling energy during rock bolt drilling as well as drilling positions during drilling, and processes these drilling data.・ A system has been developed to analyze and grasp the ground properties in front of the face.

For example, in the following Patent Document 2, the work of acquiring image data in the vicinity of the face, the work of three-dimensionally acquiring the drilling data of the ground around the face, and the work of creating a geologically developed image based on the image data. And the work of creating a contour map of the drilling energy based on the drilling data, and an evaluation method of the ground around the tunnel for evaluating the ground condition on the back surface of the tunnel and the front of the face by the geological development image and the contour map. Has been proposed.

Further, in Non-Patent Document 1 below, the construction data of the drill jumbo used for excavation of a mountain tunnel (perforation energy of blasting hole / rock bolt hole) is used to quantitatively determine the ground properties of the face and its vicinity. A ground evaluation system capable of three-dimensional evaluation is disclosed in detail (see FIG. 9).

Special Fair 11-174046 Gazette JP-A-2017-201074

Masayuki Yamashita, 2 people, "Development of 3D ground evaluation system (DRISS-3D) using drill jumbo drilling data" Nishimatsu Construction Technical Report VOL.41, Internet <URL: https://www.nishimatsu. co.jp/solution/engineering.php ＞

In Patent Document 2 and Non-Patent Document 1, the numerical values of the drilling energy measured by the drill jumbo are stored in the storage device, and based on these numerical values, a two-dimensional contour diagram of the face or a bird's-eye view of the entire three-dimensional contour is obtained. Diagrams are being created.

At this time, since the measurement points of the perforation energy exist discretely, the perforation energy of the points other than the measurement points is determined by the geostatistical method (spatial data complementation processing method) in order to draw the contour diagram. I guess and draw the contour diagram.

Specifically, the inverse distance load averaging method (IDW method) or the kriging method is exclusively used as the spatial data complementing processing method. The former inverse distance load averaging method obtains the estimated value by a weighted average weighted by the inverse of the distance under the rule that the closer to the estimation point, the greater the influence on the averaging process, and the latter crigging method. Under the rule that the closer the distance, the higher the similarity, the linear and unbiased spatial interpolation values are estimated at any point in the analysis area so that the estimation error is minimized by the maximum likelihood method, least squares method, etc. Is.

However, since the reverse distance load averaging method and the kriging method perform spatial complementation using the data of the entire face of the target, there is a problem that it is difficult to reproduce the changed part of the ground property. In other words, the numerical value of the estimated location will use the measured drilling energy value in the entire circumference direction, but if there is a crush zone or a weak layer, the geology will be completely different inside and outside this boundary line. However, when predicting the estimated value near this boundary line, the data of the stratum beyond the boundary line is taken into consideration, so there is a problem that the boundary line where the geology changes rapidly becomes ambiguous and difficult to express.

Therefore, the main subject of the present invention is to accurately create a two-dimensional contour diagram of the face or a bird's-eye view of the entire three-dimensional contour diagram using the drilling energy measured by the drill jumbo. The purpose is to propose a ground evaluation method using drilling energy that can be expressed.

In order to solve the above problem, as the present invention according to claim 1, when a charge hole is drilled in the face by a drill jumbo, the drilling energy is automatically measured together with the drilled portion, and the two-dimensional contour of the face is based on this. In creating a figure or a three-dimensional contour map of the ground and evaluating the ground in front of the face,
The first step of organizing the drilling energy of the drilled part, extracting the part where the drilling energy changes suddenly, and judging that line as the boundary line of geological properties when the sudden change part is continuous,
The second step of dividing the area into areas divided by the boundary line, and
The third procedure is to divide the target ground area by a mesh of a predetermined shape and estimate the perforation energy estimated value of the mesh belonging to each area by the spatial data complementation processing method based only on the perforation energy measurement value in the area. ,
Provided is a ground evaluation method using drilling energy, which comprises a fourth procedure of creating a two-dimensional contour diagram of a face or a three-dimensional contour diagram of a ground based on the drilling energy value of each mesh.

In the invention according to claim 1, first, the drilling energy of the drilling portion is arranged, the portion where the drilling energy suddenly changes is extracted, and when the sudden change portion is continuous, the line is determined to be the boundary line of the geological property. (1st step). When the boundary line of geological properties is confirmed, then the area is divided into areas divided by the boundary line (second step), and then the target ground range is divided by a mesh of a predetermined shape. The perforation energy estimated value of each mesh belonging to each area is estimated by the spatial data complementation processing method based only on the perforation energy measurement value in the area (third step). Then, a two-dimensional contour diagram of the face or a three-dimensional contour diagram of the ground is created based on the drilling energy value of each mesh (fourth step).

Conventionally, the perforation energy at an arbitrary location was estimated by the spatial data complementation processing method using the perforation energy measurement value of the entire face, but in the present invention, there is a fault (boundary line) in which the geological properties change suddenly. In that case, the area is divided into areas divided by this boundary line, and the perforation energy estimated value of each mesh belonging to each area is estimated by the spatial data complementation processing method based only on the perforation energy measurement value in the area. By doing so, the perforation energy measurement values other than the area including the mesh are not used as reference data by the spatial data complementation processing method. That is, the geological properties of each region divided by the boundary line are significantly different, but in the past, estimation was performed with reference to the perforation energy measurement values of the region beyond this boundary line. In the case of such a method, the numerical value of the sudden change in geology is relaxed and it is difficult to express the boundary line where the geology changes suddenly, but in the case of this method, basically the same or similar strata are set as one area. , Estimated by the spatial data complementation process based only on the perforation energy measurements in this area. Therefore, the numerical value of the drilling energy becomes significantly different in the region near the inside and outside of the boundary line, and the boundary where the geological properties change rapidly can be accurately expressed.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, a plurality of drilling layers are performed in advance from the face to the anterior ground to obtain a schematic three-dimensional distribution of drilling energy, and the method according to claim 1 is used. Once a two-dimensional contour diagram of the face or a three-dimensional contour diagram of the ground is obtained, the ground by the drilling energy is characterized by overwriting and updating the schematic three-dimensional distribution of the drilling energy accordingly. An evaluation method is provided.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, usually, when excavating a mountain tunnel, a plurality of drilling loggings are performed from the face to the front ground in advance to obtain a schematic three-dimensional distribution of drilling energy. back. However, although this rough three-dimensional distribution of drilling energy contributes to rough geological prediction, it has not yet been possible to quantitatively and accurately evaluate geological properties. Therefore, if a two-dimensional contour diagram of the face or a three-dimensional contour diagram of the ground is obtained by the method according to claim 1 by the drilling energy obtained by drilling the charge hole performed in each drilling cycle, the contour map of the face is obtained accordingly. By overwriting and updating the schematic three-dimensional distribution of the drilling energy, it becomes possible to predict the ground in front of the face more accurately.

The present invention according to claim 3 is characterized in that the first to fourth procedures according to claim 1 are applied to drilling a lock bolt by a drill jumbo to obtain a three-dimensional contour diagram of drilling energy. A method for evaluating the ground using drilling energy is provided.

The invention according to claim 3 is such that a three-dimensional contour diagram of drilling energy is obtained by applying the first to fourth steps according to claim 1 to the rock bolt drilling by a drill jumbo. Is.

As described in detail above, according to the present invention, when creating a two-dimensional contour diagram of a face or a bird's-eye view of the entire three-dimensional contour diagram using the drilling energy measured by a drill jumbo, a boundary where the drilling energy changes abruptly is defined. You will be able to express it exactly.

It is a side view of the tunnel which shows the excavation procedure by a drill jumbo. It is a perspective view of the face which shows the part of the drilling logging. This is an example of a schematic three-dimensional distribution map of drilling energy obtained by drilling logging. It is a front view of the face which shows the example of the charge hole perforation pattern of the face. It is a front view of the face which shows the example of area division when the drilling energy sudden change part exists. It is a front view of a face in which the ground is divided by a mesh. It is a face contour diagram of the drilling energy. It is a figure which shows the procedure of overwriting / updating a schematic three-dimensional distribution map. It is a three-dimensional display diagram of the drilling energy of the ground evaluation system according to Non-Patent Document 1.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

For excavation of mountain tunnels, as shown in Fig. 1, heavy equipment for tunnel construction such as drill jumbo 5, spraying machine 6, and wheel loader is placed near the face, and excavation is performed by, for example, the upper half and the lower half of the excavation. After performing rock bolt drilling and charging holes / charging in parallel in each of the upper and lower halves by the mini-bench method, the upper and lower halves are cut down at once, and then slipping out → hitting → primary blowing Excavation is carried out every cycle in the order of attachment → construction of steel support work → secondary spraying → rock bolt placement. In addition, a center is placed behind the face, and the lining body is constructed and inverted.

[Drilling logging]
When excavating, it is important to predict the existence of fault crush zones and the existence of local fragile areas in advance and take countermeasures. Therefore, in order to roughly predict the ground properties in front of the face, drilling logging is performed over a length range of approximately 30 to 50 m using the drill jumbo 5 rock drill, and the drilling direction is longitudinal. The drilling energy is continuously measured along. There is approximately one or more locations for drilling logging. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, drilling logging is performed by long drilling holes 10, 10, ... At three locations, both sides of the tunnel face and the top end.

In recent years, many drill jumbo are controlled by a computer, and drilling data such as drilling energy and angle data in the drilling direction can be automatically obtained at the time of drilling as well as the drilling position. These excavation data are wirelessly communicated to the communication base station 2, then transmitted to the management computer 1 in the field office H by the communication cable 3 or wirelessly, and stored in the storage device. Of course, it is also possible to transmit the excavation data to the management computer 8 installed at the head office or the like by a remote communication means such as the Internet or a dedicated line via the modems 7 and 7 as well as the field office.

The drilling energy indicates the amount of energy required to drill the rock mass per unit volume, and the harder the rock mass, the more drilling energy is required. Therefore, the properties of the ground are known as an index. Will be possible. This drilling energy is obtained by the following equation (1).

ここに、Ｅｄ：穿孔エネルギー(J/cm³)
Ｅｐ：打撃エネルギー(J)＜下式(2)による＞
Ｃｐ：打撃数(bpm)
Ｋ ：損失係数
Ｖｄ：穿孔速度(cm/min)
Ｓ ：孔断面積(cm²)

Here, Ed: drilling energy (J / cm ³ )
Ep: Strike energy (J) <according to the following formula (2)>
Cp: At bat (bpm)
K: Loss coefficient Vd: Drilling speed (cm / min)
S: Hole cross-sectional area (cm ² )

ここに、Ｅｐ：打撃エネルギー(J)
Ａ ：ピストン受圧面積(cm²)
Ｌ ：ピストンストローク(m)
Ｐｐ：打撃圧(kgf/cm²)
削孔検層によって得た３箇所の穿孔エネルギーを用い、空間データ補完処理法によってそれらの中間領域の穿孔エネルギーを推測することにより穿孔エネルギーの概略的３次元分布を得るようにする。図３はその概略的３次元分布図の例を示したものである。

Here, Ep: Strike energy (J)
A: Piston pressure receiving area (cm ² )
L: Piston stroke (m)
Pp: Strike pressure (kgf / cm ² )
Using the drilling energies of the three locations obtained by drilling logging, the drilling energy of those intermediate regions is estimated by the spatial data complementation processing method so that a rough three-dimensional distribution of the drilling energy can be obtained. FIG. 3 shows an example of the schematic three-dimensional distribution map.

[Measurement of drilling energy when drilling charge holes]
In the excavation work for each cycle, first, a charge hole 11 is drilled in the face by a drill jumbo 5.

Generally, the charge hole 11 is formed by first forming a free surface by blasting the core, then blasting the free surface formed by the blasting, and gradually expanding the periphery. Blasting is done by. When the charge hole 11 is drilled, the drilling position and the drilling data including the drilling energy are automatically measured by computer control. Then, based on the perforation energy measurement value, a two-dimensional contour diagram of the face or a three-dimensional contour diagram of the ground is created to evaluate the ground in front of the face. Hereinafter, the details will be further described based on the drawings.

<First step>
All the drilling energies of the drilling points formed on the face S are arranged, and the points where the drilling energy suddenly changes are extracted. Then, when the sudden change points are continuous, the line is judged to be the boundary line where the geological properties are suddenly changed. For example, in the charge hole perforation pattern diagram of the face shown in FIG. 5, as a result of comparing the perforation energies at each perforation position and examining whether or not there is a sudden change in the perforation energy, the sudden changes are continuous. If a line is assumed, that line is set as the boundary line 12 of the geological property.

In the illustrated example, one boundary line 12 is shown, but it is naturally assumed that there are two or more boundary lines. Further, although the boundary line 12 shows an example of a straight line, it is naturally assumed that the boundary line is bent in the middle, is a bending line, or is a curved line.

<Second step>
Next, as shown in FIG. 5, the area is divided into each area divided by the boundary line 12. For example, as shown in the figure, the area on the lower left side of the boundary line 12 is set as the area A, and the area on the upper right side of the boundary line is set as the area B.

In the illustrated example, an example in which the area is divided into two is shown, but it is naturally assumed that the area is divided into three or more.

<Third step>
As shown in FIG. 6, the perforated ground area is targeted, and in the illustrated example, the entire face is targeted and divided by a mesh having a predetermined shape. In the illustrated example, the division is basically performed by a square mesh. At this time, the mesh that overlaps with the outer edge of the face is a triangular or polygonal mesh. Further, it is desirable that the mesh intersecting the boundary line 12 is a triangular or polygonal mesh including the boundary line as one side. Then, in estimating the perforation energy value of each mesh belonging to each of the areas A and B, the estimation is performed by the spatial data complementation processing method based only on the perforation energy measurement value in the corresponding area. As the spatial data complementing processing method, it is desirable to use the inverse distance load averaging method (IDW method) or the kriging method described above.

If there is a drilling energy measurement value inside the mesh, that measurement value is used as the drilling energy value, and if there is no drilling energy measurement value inside the mesh, spatial data is complemented based only on the nearby drilling energy measurement value. The processing time can be shortened if the estimation is performed by the processing method.

<4th step>
After setting the drilling energy values for all the meshes, a two-dimensional contour diagram of the face (or a three-dimensional contour diagram of the ground) is created based on the drilling energy values of each mesh. For example, as shown in FIG. 7, a two-dimensional contour diagram of the drilling energy value is created for the face S.

<Fifth procedure (additional procedure)>
If a highly accurate drilling energy contour diagram is obtained for the entire face surface based on the drilling result of the drill jumbo according to the above procedure, the drilling is performed as shown in FIGS. 8 (A) and 8 (B). The schematic three-dimensional distribution of drilling energy obtained by logging will be overwritten and updated in sequence.

At this time, the data of the perforation energy contour diagram of the face is for the length of perforation of the charge hole 11, but the tunnel length is based on the approximate three-dimensional distribution of the perforation energy obtained by the perforation inspection layer. Since the tendency of the drilling energy along the direction can be grasped, it is possible to predict the ground in front of the face in detail and accurately based on the drilling energy contour diagram of the face and the schematic three-dimensional distribution of the drilling energy. Become.

[Other form examples]
(1) In the above embodiment, the boundary line 12 is defined as one line, but it can also be defined as a strip-shaped line having an arbitrary width.
(2) In the above embodiment, the drilling energy is measured for the charge hole 11, but it is also possible to measure the drilling energy at the time of drilling the lock bolt and show the result as a three-dimensional contour diagram.

1.8 ... Management computer, 2 ... Communication base station, 3 ... Communication cable, 5 ... Drill jumbo, 6 ... Sprayer, 7 ... Modem, 10 ... Long drilling hole, 11 ... Charge hole, 12 ... Borderline , S ... Face

Claims (3)

When drilling a charge hole for the face with a drill jumbo, the drilling energy is automatically measured together with the drilled part, and based on this, a two-dimensional contour diagram of the face or a three-dimensional contour diagram of the ground is created in front of the face. In evaluating the ground,
The first step of organizing the drilling energy of the drilled part, extracting the part where the drilling energy changes suddenly, and judging that line as the boundary line of geological properties when the sudden change part is continuous,
The second step of dividing the area into areas divided by the boundary line, and
The third procedure is to divide the target ground area by a mesh of a predetermined shape and estimate the perforation energy estimated value of the mesh belonging to each area by the spatial data complementation processing method based only on the perforation energy measurement value in the area. ,
A method for evaluating a ground by drilling energy, which comprises a fourth procedure of creating a two-dimensional contour diagram of a face or a three-dimensional contour diagram of a ground based on the drilling energy value of each mesh. In advance, a plurality of drilling layers are performed from the face to the anterior ground to obtain a rough three-dimensional distribution of drilling energy, and a two-dimensional contour diagram of the face or the ground is obtained by the method according to claim 1. A method for evaluating the ground by drilling energy, which comprises overwriting and updating the schematic three-dimensional distribution of the drilling energy according to the three-dimensional contour diagram of. A ground evaluation method using drilling energy, which comprises applying the first to fourth steps according to claim 1 to drilling a lock bolt by a drill jumbo to obtain a three-dimensional contour diagram of the drilling energy.

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