JP2021124201A - Joint element, connection structure with joint element, manufacturing method for joint element, and corresponding connection method - Google Patents
Joint element, connection structure with joint element, manufacturing method for joint element, and corresponding connection method Download PDFInfo
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- JP2021124201A JP2021124201A JP2021011089A JP2021011089A JP2021124201A JP 2021124201 A JP2021124201 A JP 2021124201A JP 2021011089 A JP2021011089 A JP 2021011089A JP 2021011089 A JP2021011089 A JP 2021011089A JP 2021124201 A JP2021124201 A JP 2021124201A
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B19/00—Bolts without screw-thread; Pins, including deformable elements; Rivets
- F16B19/04—Rivets; Spigots or the like fastened by riveting
- F16B19/06—Solid rivets made in one piece
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B33/00—Features common to bolt and nut
- F16B33/06—Surface treatment of parts furnished with screw-thread, e.g. for preventing seizure or fretting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B19/00—Bolts without screw-thread; Pins, including deformable elements; Rivets
- F16B19/04—Rivets; Spigots or the like fastened by riveting
- F16B19/08—Hollow rivets; Multi-part rivets
- F16B19/086—Self-piercing rivets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J15/00—Riveting
- B21J15/02—Riveting procedures
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/44—Making machine elements bolts, studs, or the like
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
- C21D1/08—Surface hardening with flames
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
- C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
- C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
- C21D1/10—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation by electric induction
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/20—Carburising
- C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/24—Nitriding
- C23C8/26—Nitriding of ferrous surfaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B19/00—Bolts without screw-thread; Pins, including deformable elements; Rivets
- F16B19/04—Rivets; Spigots or the like fastened by riveting
- F16B19/08—Hollow rivets; Multi-part rivets
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B19/00—Bolts without screw-thread; Pins, including deformable elements; Rivets
- F16B19/14—Bolts or the like for shooting into concrete constructions, metal walls or the like by means of detonation-operated nailing tools
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B35/00—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws
- F16B35/04—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws with specially-shaped head or shaft in order to fix the bolt on or in an object
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B35/00—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws
- F16B35/04—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws with specially-shaped head or shaft in order to fix the bolt on or in an object
- F16B35/041—Specially-shaped shafts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
- F16B5/04—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of riveting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B19/00—Bolts without screw-thread; Pins, including deformable elements; Rivets
- F16B19/04—Rivets; Spigots or the like fastened by riveting
- F16B2019/045—Coated rivets
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Connection Of Plates (AREA)
- Insertion Pins And Rivets (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、少なくとも2つの構成要素間の接続するための接合要素、少なくとも第1および第2の構成要素を備え接合要素によって接続される接続構造、接合要素の製造方法、ならびに接合要素によって少なくとも第1の構成要素を第2の構成要素に接続するための方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a joining element for connecting between at least two components, a connecting structure comprising at least the first and second components and connected by the joining element, a method of manufacturing the joining element, and at least the first by the joining element. The present invention relates to a method for connecting one component to a second component.
2つの構成要素間の接続を確立するための接合要素は通常、頭部、シャフト、並びに端部を含む。接合要素の具体的な構造は所望の分野に依るものであり、その結果、接合要素は従来技術において、複数の異なる設計で知られている。 Joining elements for establishing a connection between two components typically include a head, a shaft, and an end. The specific structure of the joining element depends on the desired field, and as a result, the joining element is known in the prior art in a number of different designs.
例えば、DE 10 2010 025 359 A1には、少なくとも1つの非プレパンチ部品に、本質的に無回転の軸方向の打ち込みを行うための接合要素としての釘が、記載される。接合要素としての釘は、釘ヘッド、釘シャフト、および釘先端を含み、釘シャフトはいくつかの部分に表面プロファイリング(a surface profiling)を含む。当該部分の表面プロファイリングは、その半径方向の深さに応じて、釘シャフトよりも低い硬度を有する。 For example, DE 10 2010 025 359 A1 describes at least one non-pre-punched part with a nail as a joining element for axially driving essentially non-rotating. The nail as a joining element includes a nail head, a nail shaft, and a nail tip, which in some parts include a surface profiling. The surface profiling of the portion has a lower hardness than the nail shaft, depending on its radial depth.
少なくとも2つの構成要素を接続するためのさらなる接続要素として、セッティングボルトがDE 10 2014 019 322 A1に開示されている。この接続要素は、性質が異なる尖った部分およびシャフト部分とを備え、接続要素は一体物に形成される。例えば、尖った部分は軸部よりも高い強度を有する。 Setting bolts are disclosed in DE 10 2014 019 322 A1 as additional connecting elements for connecting at least two components. The connecting element comprises a pointed portion and a shaft portion having different properties, and the connecting element is formed as an integral body. For example, the pointed portion has higher strength than the shaft portion.
DE 103 28 197 B3はボルト又は釘といった締結要素に関する。締結要素はシャフトを備え、シャフトの一端には先端部が配置され、他端には頭部が配置される。締結要素は、比較的硬い炭素含有鋼のコアゾーンと、それよりも少ない硬さを有する低炭素鋼のフェライトエッジゾーンとを含む。シャフトと先端部の間に遷移ゾーンが配置され、フェライトエッジゾーンの厚さはシャフトから先端部に向かって徐々にゼロに近い値まで減少する。 DE 103 28 197 B3 relates to fastening elements such as bolts or nails. The fastening element includes a shaft, the tip of which is arranged at one end of the shaft and the head of which is arranged at the other end. The fastening element includes a core zone of relatively hard carbon-containing steel and a ferrite edge zone of low carbon steel having a lower hardness. A transition zone is arranged between the shaft and the tip, and the thickness of the ferrite edge zone gradually decreases from the shaft to the tip to a value close to zero.
さらなる締結要素がDE 10 2007 000 485 B3に記載されている。締結要素は、比較的硬い炭素含有鋼の内側コアゾーンと、コアゾーンよりも低炭素の第1のオーステナイト鋼の、第1の合金化金属で合金化された、外側エッジゾーンとを備える。コアゾーンと周辺ゾーンとの間には第2の低炭素鋼の少なくとも1つの第1の中間ゾーンが配置され、これはコアゾーンの鋼よりも低い硬度を備える。 Additional fastening elements are described in DE 10 2007 000 485 B3. The fastening element comprises an inner core zone of a relatively hard carbon-containing steel and an outer edge zone alloyed with a first alloyed metal of a first austenitic steel having a lower carbon than the core zone. Between the core zone and the peripheral zone, at least one first intermediate zone of the second low carbon steel is arranged, which has a lower hardness than the steel of the core zone.
最後に、US 2003/014260 A1も締結要素を開示している。この締結要素は、後に続く第2のシャフト部分と比較してより大きな硬度を有する第1の先端部ベアリングシャフト部分を含む。 Finally, US 2003/014260 A1 also discloses fastening elements. This fastening element includes a first tip bearing shaft portion that has greater hardness compared to the subsequent second shaft portion.
公知の接合要素により、最大600〜800MPaの引張強さを有する材料で作られた構成要素は、高速でボルトをセットする範囲内で、現在、確実に接合されることができる。この強度クラスから出発して、破片の分離および/または接合要素の破損が生じる。従って、公知の接合要素は、接合部分が予め打ち抜かれていない高強度又は超高強度鋼の構成要素に並進的に(translatorily)セットされるときに破損し、接合要素の先端は構成要素を完全に貫通すべきである。 With known joining elements, components made of materials with tensile strengths of up to 600-800 MPa can now be reliably joined within the range of high speed bolt setting. Starting from this strength class, debris separation and / or joint element breakage occurs. Thus, known joint elements are damaged when the joint is translatorily set to a component of high-strength or ultra-high-strength steel that has not been pre-punched, and the tip of the joint completes the component. Should penetrate.
したがって本発明の課題は、800MPaを超える範囲の引張強度を有する高強度鋼または超高強度鋼からなる構成要素の片面接合を、接合要素の破損およびスラグの分離なしに、1ステッププロセスで実現することができる接合要素を提供することである。さらに本発明の課題は、対応する接続構造、接合要素の製造方法、および2つの構成要素を接続する方法を提供することである。 Therefore, the subject of the present invention is to realize single-sided joining of components made of high-strength steel or ultra-high-strength steel having a tensile strength in the range of more than 800 MPa in a one-step process without damage to the joining elements and separation of slag. It is to provide a joining element that can. Further, an object of the present invention is to provide a corresponding connection structure, a method for manufacturing a joining element, and a method for connecting two components.
上記課題は独立請求項1に記載の接合要素と、独立請求項6に記載の接続構造と、独立請求項8に記載の接合要素の製造方法と、独立請求項13に記載の少なくとも第1の構成要素を第2の構成要素に接続する方法とによって解決される。有利な実施形態およびさらなる展開は以下の説明、図面、ならびに添付の特許請求の範囲から生じる。
The above-mentioned problems are the joining element according to the
本発明の接合要素は、少なくとも2つの構成要素間の接続を実現するため、軸方向第1端部の頭部と、軸方向第1端部とは反対の軸方向第2端部に設けられる端部と、前記端部と前記頭部との間に配置されるシャフトとを備え、前記シャフトは前記軸方向第1端部と前記軸方向第2端部との間に接合要素の長手方向軸線を規定し、少なくとも前記接合要素の前記シャフトおよび前記端部が硬化したエッジ層を含み、その結果、前記シャフトおよび前記端部の材料はエッジ層に隣接する内部において、前記エッジ層の表面に比べて低い硬度を有する。 The joining element of the present invention is provided at the head of the first axial end and the second axial end opposite to the first axial end in order to realize a connection between at least two components. A shaft is provided between an end portion and the end portion and the head portion, and the shaft is provided in the longitudinal direction of a joining element between the axial first end portion and the axial second end portion. An axis is defined and at least the shaft and the end of the joining element include a hardened edge layer, so that the material of the shaft and the end is on the surface of the edge layer in the interior adjacent to the edge layer. Has a lower hardness than that.
このように、本発明の接合要素は公知の頭部、シャフト、および端部を備える。好ましくは特に端部およびシャフトが一体に形成される。接合要素は全体として、すなわち、頭部、シャフト、および端部が、1つの部品で形成されることが特に好ましい。同様に、接合要素は好ましくはただ1つの材料から構成される。これは特にシャフト及び端部に当てはまる。 As such, the joining elements of the present invention include known heads, shafts, and ends. Preferably, in particular, the end and the shaft are integrally formed. It is particularly preferred that the joining element be formed as a whole, i.e., the head, shaft, and ends in one component. Similarly, the joining element is preferably composed of only one material. This is especially true for shafts and ends.
頭部と端部との間のシャフトの延長部はまた、通常の方法で、軸方向第1端部と軸方向第2端部との間の接合要素の長手方向軸線を規定し、これはその位置および進路により長手方向中心軸線とも呼ばれる。好ましくは、シャフトはシリンダ形状に形成される。 The extension of the shaft between the head and the end also defines the longitudinal axis of the joining element between the first axial end and the second axial end in the usual way. It is also called the central axis in the longitudinal direction depending on its position and course. Preferably, the shaft is formed in a cylinder shape.
さらに、本発明の接合要素は硬化したエッジ層を含む。この硬化エッジ層の利点を、接合要素としてのセッティングボルトに基づいて以下に述べる。この点において、接合要素は好ましくは以下のセッティングボルト、半中空自己穿孔リベット、中実自己穿孔リベット、ブラインドリベットおよびねじを含む群から選択される。 In addition, the bonding elements of the present invention include a hardened edge layer. The advantages of this hardened edge layer are described below based on the setting bolt as the joining element. In this regard, the joining element is preferably selected from the group including the following setting bolts, semi-hollow self-perforated rivets, solid self-perforated rivets, blind rivets and screws.
接合要素が通常の方法、例えば冷間成形によって、製造された後、少なくともシャフトおよび端部、好ましくは例えばセッティングボルトなどの接合要素全体、のエッジ層が、さらなる処理ステップで硬化される。接合要素の原材料または材料に応じて、最大1,200 HV 10の高いエッジ硬さを達成でき、同時に「柔らかく延性のある」内部を備えることができる。したがって、接合要素の例示になるセッティングボルトに関しては特に、シャフトは内部で変化しない。この文脈では1,200 HV 10の硬度が、10キロポンドの試験力または加えられた力で1,200ビッカース硬度(HV)であることを表す。
After the joining element is manufactured by conventional methods, such as cold forming, the edge layer of at least the shaft and ends, preferably the entire joining element, such as a setting bolt, is cured in a further processing step. Depending on the raw material or material of the joining element, high edge hardness of up to 1,200
これらのエッジ層硬化接合要素の利点は、接合要素、すなわち、例えばセッティングボルトが、高強度または超高強度鋼からなる構成要素にセットされることである。したがって、本発明の接合要素は、破片を分離することなく、かつ端部を変形させることなく、800MPaを超える、好ましくは1,200MPaを超える、特に好ましくは2,000MPaまで、または少なくとも1,500MPaまでの引張強度を有する鋼でできた構成要素内に配置可能である。 The advantage of these edge layer hardened joint elements is that the joint element, eg, setting bolts, is set on a component made of high-strength or ultra-high-strength steel. Therefore, the bonding elements of the present invention exceed 800 MPa, preferably more than 1,200 MPa, particularly preferably up to 2,000 MPa, or at least 1,500 MPa, without separating debris and without deforming the ends. It can be placed in a component made of steel with a tensile strength of up to.
プロセスウィンドウ(process window)が拡張されたことに加えて、ノッチ棒衝撃出力および延性も増加する。これは硬化されたエッジ層と対比して、接合要素の内部が柔らかいことに因るものである。ノッチ棒衝撃出力またはノッチ棒衝撃強度(The notched bar impact work or notched bar impact strength)は、接合要素の急激なおよび/または動的な応力に対する尺度である。この応力は、接合プロセスの間だけでなく、もし接合要素が荷重を受ける少なくとも2つの構成要素を一緒に保持しなければならない場合には、後の接続構造においても生じる。したがって例えば、接続部への不都合な影響なしに、接続部のさらなるプロセス中の大きな温度差、または接続構造にかかる機械的負荷が接合要素によって許容されるので、この増加したノッチ棒衝撃出力またはノッチ棒衝撃強度は、接合要素によって行われる接続において有利な効果を有する。 In addition to the expanded process window, the notch bar impact output and ductility are also increased. This is due to the softness of the interior of the joining element as opposed to the hardened edge layer. The notched bar impact work or notched bar impact strength is a measure of the sudden and / or dynamic stress of the joining element. This stress occurs not only during the joining process, but also in later connecting structures if the joining elements must hold at least two components under load together. Thus, for example, this increased notch rod impact output or notch allows for large temperature differences during further processes of the connection, or mechanical loads on the connection structure, without any adverse effects on the connection. The bar impact strength has an advantageous effect on the connections made by the joining elements.
接合要素の有利な実施形態では、少なくともシャフトおよび端部の材料が焼き入れ、焼き戻される。このようにしてエッジ層の硬さは、エッジ層を作成するために使用される手順に応じて、非焼入れおよび非焼戻し材料よりもさらに増加可能である。焼入れ焼戻しとは、焼入れとその後の焼戻しからなる、鋼などの金属の複合熱処理をいう。したがって、焼入れおよび焼戻しの前提条件は使用される鋼の硬化性能、すなわち、ある条件下で安定したマルテンサイトまたはベイナイト組織を形成する能力である。硬化自体についてはまず鋼材をオーステナイト化温度以上に速やかに加熱する必要がある。その後、鋼は急冷される、すなわち、加熱された材料は急冷剤、好ましくは水、油(ポリマー浴)または空気を使用することによって急速に冷却される。最後に、焼戻または青焼鈍プロセス(blue-annealing process)が行われ、これは特に応力を低減するために、鋼がその特性に影響を及ぼすように特別に加熱される熱処理である。 In an advantageous embodiment of the joining element, at least the shaft and end materials are hardened and hardened. In this way the hardness of the edge layer can be further increased over non-quenched and non-tempered materials, depending on the procedure used to create the edge layer. Quenching Tempering refers to a combined heat treatment of a metal such as steel, which consists of quenching and subsequent tempering. Therefore, a prerequisite for quenching and tempering is the hardening performance of the steel used, i.e. the ability to form a stable martensite or bainite structure under certain conditions. For hardening itself, it is first necessary to heat the steel material quickly above the austenitizing temperature. The steel is then quenched, i.e. the heated material is rapidly cooled by using a quenching agent, preferably water, oil (polymer bath) or air. Finally, a tempering or blue-annealing process is performed, which is a heat treatment in which the steel is specially heated to affect its properties, especially to reduce stress.
さらに、エッジ層の硬化は好ましくは窒化、高周波による硬化、炎による硬化、レーザ光による硬化、電子ビームによる硬化または浸炭によって達成される。ここで窒化は、ガス窒化が特に好ましい。特に窒化は、硬化される接合要素がバルク材料として処理されることを可能にし、これは有利な処理時間に加えて、経済的な処理方法ももたらす。 Further, curing of the edge layer is preferably achieved by nitriding, curing by high frequency, curing by flame, curing by laser light, curing by electron beam or carburizing. Here, as the nitriding, gas nitriding is particularly preferable. Nitriding in particular allows the bonded element to be cured to be treated as a bulk material, which provides an economical treatment method in addition to advantageous treatment times.
接合要素の他の好ましい実施形態として、少なくともシャフトおよび接合要素の端部、好ましくは接合要素全体が、シャフトおよび端部の材料よりも硬度が高い材料のコーティングを含む。接合要素の材料を使用する代わりに、硬化されたエッジ層を生成するために、ここでは別個のコーティングが使用される。結果として生じる技術的効果は好ましくは既に上述の技術的効果に対応する。 Another preferred embodiment of the joining element comprises coating at least the shaft and the ends of the joining element, preferably the entire joining element, with a material that is harder than the material of the shaft and the ends. Instead of using the material of the joining element, a separate coating is used here to produce a hardened edge layer. The resulting technical effect preferably already corresponds to the technical effect described above.
本発明による接続構造は、少なくとも第1の構成要素と第2の構成要素とを備え、これらの構成要素は本発明による接合要素によって接続される。したがって、結果として得られる利点および技術的効果に関して、不必要な繰り返しを避けるために、本発明の接合要素に関する上述の記載を参照されたい。 The connection structure according to the present invention includes at least a first component and a second component, and these components are connected by the joining element according to the present invention. Therefore, with respect to the resulting benefits and technical benefits, refer to the above description of the joining elements of the present invention to avoid unnecessary repetition.
接続構造の好ましい実施形態では、第1の構成要素が頭部に隣接して配置され、第2の構成要素は接合要素の端部に隣接して配置され、第2の構成要素は少なくとも800MPaの引張強度、特に800MPaと2,000MPaとの間の引張強度、または少なくとも800MPaと1,500MPaとの間の引張強度を有する鋼、特に熱間成形鋼から構成される。外側の硬いエッジ部分と、それより軟らかいコアとを有するという本発明の接合要素の特定の設計は、少なくとも800MPaの引張強度を有する鋼で作られた第2の構成要素から破片が分離されないことを確実にするためである。このようにして、不利な騒音発生も回避される。 In a preferred embodiment of the connection structure, the first component is placed adjacent to the head, the second component is placed adjacent to the end of the joining element, and the second component is at least 800 MPa. It is composed of steels having tensile strengths, particularly between 800 MPa and 2,000 MPa, or at least 800 MPa and 1,500 MPa, especially hot-formed steels. The particular design of the joining element of the present invention, which has an outer hard edge portion and a softer core, ensures that debris is not separated from a second component made of steel with a tensile strength of at least 800 MPa. This is to ensure. In this way, unfavorable noise generation is also avoided.
本発明による接合要素の製造方法は、以下のステップを含み、特に冷間成形または旋削によって、軸方向第1端部に設けられる頭部と、軸方向第1端部とは反対側の軸方向第2端部に設けられる端部と、端部と頭部との間に配置されて、軸方向第1端部と軸方向第2端部との間に接合要素の長手方向軸線を規定するシャフトとを有する接合要素を提供するステップと、シャフトおよび端部が硬化エッジ層を備えるように、接合要素の少なくともシャフトおよび端部を硬化させ、それによって、シャフトおよび端部の材料は表面と比較して、半径方向に隣接する内部でより低い硬度を有するステップと、を備える。上述した本発明の接合要素は、本発明の製造方法に従って製造される。したがって、利点および結果として得られる技術的効果に関しては繰り返しを避けるために、上述の記載を参照されたい。 The method for manufacturing a joining element according to the present invention includes the following steps, in particular, a head provided at the first axial end portion by cold forming or turning and an axial direction opposite to the first axial end portion. It is arranged between the end provided at the second end and the end and the head, and defines the longitudinal axis of the joining element between the first axial end and the second axial end. At least the shaft and end of the joint element is cured so that the shaft and end have a hardened edge layer with the step of providing the joint element with the shaft, whereby the material of the shaft and end is compared to the surface. The step comprises a step having a lower hardness inside which is adjacent in the radial direction. The joining element of the present invention described above is manufactured according to the manufacturing method of the present invention. Therefore, refer to the above description to avoid repetition with respect to the benefits and the resulting technical benefits.
製造方法の好ましい実施形態は、接合要素が硬化されるステップの前に、接合要素の少なくともシャフトおよび端部に焼入れ焼戻しを施すステップを含む。この手順の利点は、特に窒化などの方法を使用した場合、後のエッジ層の硬さが、非焼入れおよび非焼戻し材料の接合要素と比較してさらに増加できることである。 A preferred embodiment of the manufacturing method comprises quenching and tempering at least the shaft and ends of the joining element prior to the step of curing the joining element. The advantage of this procedure is that the hardness of the subsequent edge layer can be further increased compared to the bonding elements of non-quenched and non-tempered materials, especially when using methods such as nitriding.
また好ましい製造方法は、窒化、高周波による硬化、火炎による硬化、レーザ光による硬化、電子ビームによる硬化、又は浸炭、又は接合要素の少なくともシャフト及び端部にコーティングを施すことによって硬化させるステップを含む。それぞれの方法の利点については上述の記載を参照されたい。 Preferred manufacturing methods also include nitriding, curing by high frequency, curing by flame, curing by laser light, curing by electron beam, or carburizing, or curing by coating at least the shaft and ends of the bonding element. See above for the advantages of each method.
接合要素のための有利な材料は、冷間成形可能な鋼を含む。このようにして、例えばセッティングボルトが、冷間成形による接合要素としてコスト効率よく製造することができる。 Advantageous materials for joining elements include cold formable steel. In this way, for example, setting bolts can be cost-effectively manufactured as cold-formed joint elements.
接合要素によって少なくとも第1の構成要素を第2の構成要素に接続する本発明の接続方法は、第1および第2の構成要素が上下に配置されるステップと、第1および第2の構成要素が上下に配置される前記配置に接合要素をセットするステップを含み、接合要素の前記セットは本質的に無回転で行われることが好ましい。本質的に無回転のセッティングは接合要素の単なる並進セッティング(exclusively translational setting)として説明可能である。このセッティングは、接合部分が予め打ち抜かれておらず、互いに接続されるべき構成要素において実行される。セッティングプロセスの終わりに、使用される接合要素に応じて、接合要素の端部は好ましくは両方の構成要素を貫通するが、少なくとも頭部に面する構成要素を貫通する。結果として得られる利点に関しては繰り返しを避けるために、本発明の接合要素に関する上述の記載を参照されたい。 The connection method of the present invention in which at least the first component is connected to the second component by a joining element includes a step in which the first and second components are arranged one above the other and the first and second components. It is preferred that the setting of the joining elements is performed essentially non-rotating, comprising the step of setting the joining elements in the arrangement in which the members are arranged one above the other. An essentially non-rotating setting can be described as an exclusively translational setting for the joining elements. This setting is performed on components where the joints are not pre-punched and should be connected to each other. At the end of the setting process, depending on the joining element used, the ends of the joining element preferably penetrate both components, but at least the components facing the head. For the resulting benefits, refer to the above description of the joining elements of the invention to avoid repetition.
好ましくは、第1の構成要素が頭部に隣接して配置され、第2の構成要素が接合要素の端部に隣接して配置され、第2の構成要素は少なくとも800MPaの引張強度、特に800MPa〜2,000MPaの引張強度、または少なくとも800MPa〜1,500MPaの引張強度を有する鋼、特に熱間成形鋼から構成される。冒頭で説明したように、このような構成要素の場合、接合要素の端部が塑性変形する危険性がある。この危険性は硬化したエッジ層のために最小限に抑えられるか、好ましくは排除される。 Preferably, the first component is placed adjacent to the head, the second component is placed adjacent to the end of the joining element, and the second component has a tensile strength of at least 800 MPa, particularly 800 MPa. It is composed of steel having a tensile strength of about 2,000 MPa or at least 800 MPa to 1,500 MPa, particularly hot-formed steel. As explained at the beginning, in the case of such a component, there is a risk of plastic deformation at the end of the joining element. This risk is minimized or preferably eliminated due to the hardened edge layer.
本方法の好ましい実施形態では第1の構成要素が頭部に隣接して配置され、第2の構成要素が接合要素の端部に隣接して配置され、第2の構成要素の貫通は打ち抜き破片の分離なしに行われる。本発明の接合要素における外側の硬いエッジ部分と、それより軟らかいコア材料という特別な設定は、少なくとも800MPaの引張強さを有する鋼製の第2の構成要素から破片が分離されないことを可能にすることである。このようにして、不利な騒音発生も回避される。 In a preferred embodiment of the method, the first component is placed adjacent to the head, the second component is placed adjacent to the end of the joining element, and the penetration of the second component is punched debris. Is done without separation. The special setting of the outer hard edge portion of the joining element of the present invention and the softer core material allows debris not to be separated from the second component made of steel having a tensile strength of at least 800 MPa. That is. In this way, unfavorable noise generation is also avoided.
図1を参照して、接合要素1がセッティングボルトの形で示されている。形状の詳細に関してはDE 10 2006 002 238 A1が参照され、その内容はこの点に関して参照事項として組み込まれる。
With reference to FIG. 1, the joining
接合要素1としてのセッティングボルトの代わりに、半中空自己穿孔リベット、中実自己穿孔リベット、ブラインドリベット、ねじ等も接合要素として使用することができ、以下の説明がこれらの接合要素に応じて適用される。形状の詳細に関しては半中空自己穿孔リベットについてはDE 10 2012 102 860 A1、DE 10 2015 118 888 A1およびDE 10 2019 102 383 A1を、中実自己穿孔リベットについてはDE 10 2018 128 455およびDE 10 2019 102 380を、ブラインドリベットについてはDE 20 2005 005 536 U1およびEP 1 710 454 A1を参照されたい。
Semi-hollow self-perforated rivets, solid self-perforated rivets, blind rivets, screws, etc. can also be used as the joint elements instead of the setting bolts as the
再び図1を参照して、接合要素1は公知の方法で、軸方向第1端部の頭部10、軸方向第2端部の本実施形態では先端部の端部20、ならびに間に配置されたシャフト30を備える。シャフト30は第1の軸方向端部と第2の軸方向端部との間に接合要素1の長手方向軸線Lを画定し、これはその位置のために、長手方向中心軸線と呼ぶこともできる。
With reference to FIG. 1 again, the joining
接合要素1の頭部10は平坦な上側12と、シリンダ形状の円周面と、平坦な下側面14とを備える。平坦な下側14は、頭部側構成要素のビード状又はバルジ状の材料の蓄積を受け入れるため、シャフト30に隣接する環状溝16を有し、これは接合要素1を少なくとも2つの構成要素にセットする場合に特に有利である。
The
環状溝16はシャフト30に隣接する丸みを帯びた円周面を備え、一方で丸みの接線方向に滑らかにシャフト30に遷移し、他方で円錐面に遷移する。このようにして、特に頭部に面する構成要素の材料が接合方向に対して上昇する場合には、当該材料を環状溝16内に収容することができる。
The
シャフト30はシリンダ形状に形成され、好ましくは、少なくとも一部において、頭部から離れて面する構成要素Aの材料を受け入れるための表面プロファイリング32を有する。このようにして、接合要素1は少なくとも1つの構成要素に特に確実に固定される。
The
端部20、本実施形態では先端、はシャフト30に直接隣接する。
The
次に、高強度鋼又は超高強度鋼で作成された構成要素にセットされた接合要素の斜視図を示す図2を参照して、公知の接合要素の欠点を説明する。使用される接合要素は、450 HV 10の硬度、すなわち、10キロポンドの試験力または印加力で450のビッカース硬度(HV)を含む。高強度鋼または超高強度鋼で作成される構成要素の高い引張強さのために、公知の接合要素の使用は接合要素の端部22の塑性変形をもたらす。さらに、破片40が構成要素から分離される。しかしながら、これはたとえ片側からしか構成要素へアクセスできない場合であっても、騒音の改善にとって不利である。したがって、全体として、このようにして行われた接続は許容できないものとして分類される。
Next, the drawbacks of known joint elements will be described with reference to FIG. 2, which shows a perspective view of the joint element set in the component made of high-strength steel or ultra-high-strength steel. The joining element used comprises a hardness of 450
図3は高強度鋼または超高強度鋼で作成された構成要素にセットされた別の接合要素の斜視図を示す。ここで使用される接合要素は、600 HV 10の硬度を有する硬度クラス8を備える。接合要素の硬さの増加は脆性の増加のみならず、端部の変形の減少をもたらす。図3から分かるように、破片は透孔に残る。この場合、特に動的荷重によって破片の緩みが引き起こされる可能性がある。これは次に、特に自動車車体の製造に関しては陰極浸漬被覆層の破損を引き起こすので、接合素子でさらに構成要素を加工した際にこの部分の防食性がなくなる。したがって、この接続は、さらなる処理ステップまたは後工程の処理ステップに適してなく、不利である。
FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of another joining element set in a component made of high-strength steel or ultra-high-strength steel. The joining element used here comprises a hardness class 8 having a hardness of 600
さて、図4を参照すると、本発明の実施形態に係る接合要素を高強度鋼または超高強度鋼で作成される構成要素にセットした斜視図が示されている。従って、少なくとも接合素子のシャフト及び端部は接合素子全体として好ましくは硬化エッジ部24を備える。硬化エッジ部24の使用により、接合要素に使用される材料にもよるが、最大1,200 HV 10の硬度を達成可能になる。
By the way, referring to FIG. 4, a perspective view in which the joining element according to the embodiment of the present invention is set in a component made of high-strength steel or ultra-high-strength steel is shown. Therefore, at least the shaft and the end portion of the joining element preferably include the cured
図5は材料の変更を示すために、接合要素の端部20の顕微鏡写真または顕微鏡断面図を示す。エッジ部24の硬化は窒化、特にガス窒化によって達成された。窒化とは別に、提供される接合要素をバルク材料としてさらに処理する方法が好ましく、すなわち、接合要素の個々の処理が必要とされない方法が好ましい。
FIG. 5 shows a micrograph or microscopic cross section of the
図6に関連して図5から分かるように、硬化エッジ部24は約1.2mmの深さまで接合要素の内部に及ぶ。2つの接合要素材料34Cr4および42CrMo4について、硬度曲線または進行を図6に示す。窒化により、これらの材料で900 HV 0.3に達するまで硬化し、かかる硬度はコアに向かって直線的に減少する。窒化深さ、すなわち硬化エッジ層24の深さは、窒化時間によって確実に調整される。
As can be seen from FIG. 5 in relation to FIG. 6, the cured
エッジ層が硬化された接合要素を用いることにより、引張強さ1,200MPaの鋼材から破片が剥離せず、端部の変形もなく接合可能である。加えて、例えば、2,000MPaまでの引張強さ、例えば1,500MPaを有する熱間成形鋼のような鋼を約1.2mmの厚さで接合することができる。 By using a joining element with a hardened edge layer, debris does not peel off from a steel material having a tensile strength of 1,200 MPa, and joining is possible without deformation of the end portion. In addition, steels such as hot-formed steels having a tensile strength of up to 2,000 MPa, for example 1,500 MPa, can be joined to a thickness of about 1.2 mm.
接合要素を設定するときにプロセスウィンドウ(process window)が拡張されたことに加えて、ノッチ棒衝撃出力が増大し、したがって延性が増大する。ノッチ棒衝撃出力またはノッチ棒衝撃強度(The notched bar impact work or notched bar impact strength)は接合要素の急激なおよび/または動的な応力に対する尺度である。この応力は、接合プロセスの間だけでなく、その後の接続構造において接合要素が構成要素の荷重下で少なくとも2つの構成要素を一緒に保持する場合にも生じる。この増加したノッチ棒衝撃出力またはノッチ棒衝撃強度は、接合要素1内部のコア26に起因し、これは硬化エッジ部24と比較して軟らかい。例えば、材料をC67から34Cr4に変更し、窒化プロセスを使用することにより、異なる材料を考慮して、図7に示すように、ノッチ棒衝撃出力を10倍に増加させることができる。
In addition to the expansion of the process window when setting the joining elements, the notch bar impact output is increased, thus increasing ductility. The notched bar impact work or notched bar impact strength is a measure of the sudden and / or dynamic stress of the joining element. This stress occurs not only during the joining process, but also when the joining elements hold at least two components together under the load of the components in the subsequent connection structure. This increased notch bar impact output or notch bar impact strength is due to the
この属性の利点の1つは後の接続構造に影響を与える。硬質エッジ部と比較的軟質のコアとの組み合わせは、硬化されたエッジ部にもかかわらず、後続の処理ステップにおいて接合要素が確実に固定されることをもたらす。これは例えば、接合要素によって接合された2つの構成要素の後の人為的な時間経過に当てはまる。 One of the advantages of this attribute affects the later connection structure. The combination of a hard edge and a relatively soft core results in a secure fixation of the joining element in subsequent processing steps, despite the hardened edge. This applies, for example, to the artificial passage of time after the two components joined by the joining element.
接合要素が使用される接続構造は例えば、頭部に面する第1の構成要素と、頭部から離れる第2の構成要素とから構成される。構成要素は本発明の接合要素の実施形態によって接続される。ここで、接合要素の端部は両方の構成要素を貫通することができる。あるいは接合要素の端部が頭部とは反対を向いている構成要素内に配置される。同様に、接合要素は構成要素のうちの1つにのみセットされ、その後、第2の構成要素に溶接されることが可能である。 The connection structure in which the joining element is used is composed of, for example, a first component facing the head and a second component away from the head. The components are connected by embodiments of the joining elements of the present invention. Here, the ends of the joining elements can penetrate both components. Alternatively, the ends of the joining elements are placed within the component facing away from the head. Similarly, the joining element can be set to only one of the components and then welded to the second component.
好ましくは構成要素の1つ、特に頭部から離れている構成要素Bは、少なくとも800MPaの引張強さを有する鋼で構成される。これにより、頭部から離れている構成要素B、または下部構成要素Bは、高強度または超高強度鋼で製造される。接合要素の特定の設計のために、接合要素の破壊および端部20の塑性変形のリスクは、上述したように、構成要素Bを貫通するときと同様に構成要素B内に接合要素をセットするときに低減されるか、又は好ましくは排除される。さらに、接合要素は、少なくとも800MPaの引張強度を有する鋼から作られた第2の構成要素から破片が分離または切断されることを防止する。
Preferably one of the components, especially the component B away from the head, is made of steel having a tensile strength of at least 800 MPa. As a result, the component B away from the head, or the lower component B, is made of high-strength or ultra-high-strength steel. Due to the particular design of the joint element, the risk of fracture of the joint element and plastic deformation of the
図8は、接合要素の製造方法の一実施形態のフローチャートを示す。接合要素は、少なくともシャフト及び端部の冷間成形が可能な鋼で構成されることが好ましい。さらに、結合要素は有利には以下のセッティングボルト、半中空自己穿孔リベット、中実自己穿孔リベット、ブラインドリベット、ねじ等の群から選択される。 FIG. 8 shows a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for manufacturing a joining element. The joining element is preferably composed of at least a steel capable of cold forming the shaft and ends. Further, the coupling element is advantageously selected from the following groups of setting bolts, semi-hollow self-perforated rivets, solid self-perforated rivets, blind rivets, screws and the like.
製造過程において、第1のステップAで、特に冷間成形又は旋削によって、軸方向第1端部に頭部を有し、軸方向第1端部とは反対側の軸方向第2端部に端部を有し、並びに端部と頭部との間に配置されたシャフトを有する接合要素が作成され、該接合要素を作成するステップにおいて、前記シャフトは軸方向第1端部と軸方向第2端部との間に接合要素の長手方向軸線線を規定する。 In the manufacturing process, in the first step A, especially by cold forming or turning, the head is at the first axial end and at the second axial end opposite to the first axial end. A joint element having an end and having a shaft disposed between the end and the head is created, and in the step of creating the joint element, the shaft has an axial first end and an axial first. The longitudinal axis of the joining element is defined between the two ends.
任意のステップCにおいて、少なくとも接合素子のシャフトおよび端部、好ましくは接合素子全体の焼入れ及び焼戻しが行われる。焼入れ及び焼戻しの詳細については上述の記載を参照されたい。 In any step C, at least the shaft and ends of the junction element, preferably the entire junction element, are quenched and tempered. For details of quenching and tempering, refer to the above description.
最終ステップBでは接合要素の少なくともシャフト及び端部、好ましくは接合要素全体の硬化が行われ、それによって、シャフト及び端部に硬化エッジ層が設けられ、シャフト及び端部の材料は表面と比較して半径方向に隣接する内部で低い硬度を有する。硬化ステップは、窒化、高周波による硬化、炎による硬化、レーザ光による硬化、電子ビームによる硬化あるいは浸炭のいずれかを含むか(ステップD1)、又は硬化ステップは少なくとも接合要素のシャフト及び端部にコーティングを施すことを含む(ステップD2)このようにして、上述した本発明の接合要素は、一実施形態として製造される。 In the final step B, at least the shaft and end of the joint element, preferably the entire joint element, is cured, thereby providing a hardened edge layer on the shaft and end, and the material of the shaft and end is compared to the surface. Has low hardness inside adjacent to the radial direction. The curing step includes either nitriding, curing by high frequency, curing by flame, curing by laser light, curing by electron beam or carburizing (step D1), or the curing step coats at least the shaft and end of the joining element. (Step D2) In this way, the joining element of the present invention described above is manufactured as an embodiment.
最後に図9に、一実施形態の接合要素によって、第1の構成要素Aを第2の構成要素Bに接続する方法の一実施形態のフローチャートを示す。第1のステップIでは、第1の構成要素Aと第2の構成要素Bとを上下に配置することが行われる。次の第2のステップIIでは、上下に配置された第1及び第2の構成要素の配置に対して、接合要素のセッティングが行われ、接合要素のセッティングは本質的に無回転である。本質的に無回転なセッティングとは、接合要素の単なる並進セッティングとしても説明され得る。 Finally, FIG. 9 shows a flowchart of an embodiment of a method of connecting the first component A to the second component B by the joining element of the embodiment. In the first step I, the first component A and the second component B are arranged one above the other. In the next second step II, the joining elements are set with respect to the arrangement of the first and second components arranged one above the other, and the setting of the joining elements is essentially non-rotating. An essentially non-rotating setting can also be described as a mere translational setting of the joining elements.
第1の構成要素が頭部に隣接して配置され、第2の構成要素はセッティング中の接合要素の先端に隣接して配置され、両構成要素の接続部分は既に記載されるように予め打ち抜かれていない。第2の構成要素は特に、少なくとも800MPaの引張強さを有する鋼で構成される。第2の構成要素Bの貫通は破片の分離なしに行われる。本発明の接合要素の特有の設計により、引張強さが少なくとも800MPaの鋼で作られた第2の構成要素から破片が分離されないことが可能になる。 The first component is placed adjacent to the head, the second component is placed adjacent to the tip of the joining element being set, and the connection between the two components is pre-strike as previously described. Not pulled out. The second component is particularly composed of steel having a tensile strength of at least 800 MPa. Penetration of the second component B is done without debris separation. The unique design of the joining elements of the present invention makes it possible that debris is not separated from the second component made of steel with a tensile strength of at least 800 MPa.
1 接合要素
10 頭部
12 上側
14 下面
16 環状溝
20 端部
22 塑性変形端部
24 硬化エッジ層
26 コア
30 シャフト
32 表面プロファイリング
40 破片
A 構成要素
L 長手方向軸線。
1 Joining element
10 head
12 upper side
14 Bottom surface
16 annular groove
20 ends
22 Plastic deformation end
24 Hardened edge layer
26 cores
30 shaft
32 Surface profiling
40 Fragment A Component L Longitudinal axis.
Claims (15)
軸方向第1端部とは反対の軸方向第2端部における端部と、
前記端部と前記頭部との間に配置され、前記軸方向第1端部と前記軸方向第2端部との間で接合要素の長手方向軸線を規定するシャフトとを備え、少なくとも2つの構成要素間の接続部を製造するための前記接合要素において、
前記接合要素のうち少なくとも前記シャフトおよび前記端部は硬化エッジ層を含み、前記シャフトおよび前記端部の材料は、前記エッジ層の表面と比較して、前記エッジ層に隣接する内部が低い硬度を有することを特徴とする、接合要素。 The head at the first end in the axial direction and
The end at the second end in the axial direction opposite to the first end in the axial direction,
A shaft disposed between the end and the head and defining a longitudinal axis of the joining element between the axial first end and the axial second end, at least two. In the joint element for manufacturing the connection between the components,
Of the joining elements, at least the shaft and the end portion include a hardened edge layer, and the material of the shaft and the end portion has a low hardness inside adjacent to the edge layer as compared with the surface of the edge layer. A joining element, characterized by having.
特に冷間成形又は旋削によって、軸方向第1端部に頭部、軸方向第1端部とは反対の軸方向第2端部の端部、並びに前記端部と前記頭部との間に配置されたシャフトを有し、前記頭部は、前記軸方向第1端部と前記軸方向第2端部との間に前記接合要素の長手方向軸線を規定する、前記接合要素を供給するaステップと、
前記シャフトおよび前記端部が硬化エッジ層を含むよう前記接合要素の少なくとも前記シャフトおよび前記端部を硬化させ、それによって前記シャフトおよび前記端部の材料は、表面と比較して、半径方向に隣接する内部で低い硬度を有するbステップを含む、接合要素の製造方法。 The method for manufacturing a joining element according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
In particular, by cold forming or turning, the head is located at the first axial end, the end of the second axial end opposite to the first axial end, and between the end and the head. The head has an arranged shaft and supplies the joining element, which defines a longitudinal axis of the joining element between the axial first end and the axial second end a. Steps and
At least the shaft and the end of the joining element are hardened so that the shaft and the end include a hardened edge layer, whereby the material of the shaft and the end is radially adjacent relative to the surface. A method of manufacturing a joining element, comprising a b-step having a low hardness inside.
前記接合要素の少なくとも前記シャフトおよび前記端部を焼入れ焼戻しするcステップをさらに含む、請求項8に記載の製造方法: Before the b step of curing the joining element,
The manufacturing method according to claim 8, further comprising a c-step of quenching and tempering at least the shaft and the end of the joining element:
窒化、高周波による硬化、火炎による硬化、レーザ光による硬化、電子ビームによる硬化又は浸炭、を含み、あるいは、
少なくとも前記接合要素の前記シャフトと前記端部に被覆を施す、請求項8または9に記載の製造方法。 The b step is
Includes or includes nitriding, high frequency curing, flame curing, laser beam curing, electron beam curing or carburizing.
The manufacturing method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein at least the shaft and the end portion of the joining element are coated.
前記第1および第2の構成要素を上下に配置するステップと、
上下に配置された前記第1および第2の構成要素の前記配置に、前記接合要素をセッティングし、前記接合要素のセッティングは、本質的に無回転で行われることを特徴とする、接続方法。 A method of connecting at least the first component to the second component by the joining element according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
The step of arranging the first and second components one above the other,
A connection method characterized in that the joining element is set in the arrangement of the first and second components arranged one above the other, and the setting of the joining element is performed essentially without rotation.
The first component is placed adjacent to the head, the second component is placed adjacent to the end of the joining element, and the penetration of the second component is a punched debris. 13. The method of claim 13 or 14, which is carried out without separation.
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DE102020102982A1 (en) | 2021-08-05 |
US20210239146A1 (en) | 2021-08-05 |
EP3862583A1 (en) | 2021-08-11 |
KR102635375B1 (en) | 2024-02-07 |
JP7348921B2 (en) | 2023-09-21 |
CN112833076A (en) | 2021-05-25 |
KR20210100016A (en) | 2021-08-13 |
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