JP2021122246A - Bee-keeping component for infectious disease prevention, and infectious disease prevention method to bee - Google Patents
Bee-keeping component for infectious disease prevention, and infectious disease prevention method to bee Download PDFInfo
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- 208000035473 Communicable disease Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
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- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 230000006806 disease prevention Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 269
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 263
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 131
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 127
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 127
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 127
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract 1
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-1-[4-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]propan-1-one Chemical compound N1N=NC=2CN(CCC=21)CCC(=O)N1CCN(CC1)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101710134784 Agnoprotein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
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- 208000031888 Mycoses Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002458 infectious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoplatinum Chemical class [Pt]=O MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTCVAHKKMMUFAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxosilver Chemical class [Ag]=O OTCVAHKKMMUFAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003058 platinum compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910003446 platinum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 pottery Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K47/00—Beehives
- A01K47/06—Other details of beehives, e.g. ventilating devices, entrances to hives, guards, partitions or bee escapes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、感染症予防用養蜂部材及び蜂に対する感染症を予防する方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a beekeeping member for preventing infectious diseases and a method for preventing infectious diseases against bees.
従来、ハチミツ生産及び農作物の授粉の媒体に用いるためのミツバチの確保を目的として、養蜂業においてミツバチの飼育が行われている。ミツバチの飼育においては、巣箱内で飼育しているミツバチが病原微生物によって感染病を発症すると、巣箱内のミツバチ群への感染拡大により、ハチミツの生産量が減少し、また、飼育していたミツバチそのものが商用利用できなくなるおそれがある。この観点から、養蜂業においては、蜂に対する病原微生物への対応が急務となっている。 Conventionally, honeybees have been bred in the beekeeping industry for the purpose of securing honeybees for use as a medium for honey production and pollination of agricultural products. In the breeding of honeybees, when the honeybees kept in the hive develop an infectious disease due to pathogenic microorganisms, the spread of infection to the honeybee group in the hive reduces the production of honey, and the honeybees kept in the hive also decrease. There is a risk that it will not be commercially available. From this point of view, in the beekeeping industry, there is an urgent need to deal with pathogenic microorganisms against bees.
例えば、特許文献１には、ミツバチの病気を治癒して発育も良好とすべく、クワガタ幼虫又はクワガタ幼虫の分泌物や排泄物の混ざった腐朽木くず等の巣の材料及びこれらに共生する微生物などを利用する養蜂方法が提案されている。 For example, Patent Document 1 describes materials for nests such as stag beetle larvae or stag beetle larvae's secretions and excrement mixed with decayed wood chips and microorganisms that coexist with them in order to cure honeybee diseases and improve their growth. A beekeeping method using stag beetle has been proposed.
しかしながら、近年の養蜂業においては、例えば、ふそ病等の法定伝染病に指定されている感染症に対する予防方法が模索されているところ、これに対する有効な予防方法は現状では見出されていない。この点、予防対策として抗生物質を投与して病原微生物による感染を防ぐ方法が行われることもあったが、近年は抗生物質を禁止する情勢にあることから、この代替手段の技術確立が強く望まれている。 However, in the beekeeping industry in recent years, for example, a preventive method for an infectious disease designated as a legally infectious disease such as a fungus disease has been sought, but an effective preventive method for this has not been found at present. In this regard, as a preventive measure, antibiotics were sometimes administered to prevent infection by pathogenic microorganisms, but in recent years, antibiotics have been banned, so there is a strong desire to establish technology for this alternative method. It is rare.
本発明は、上記に鑑みてなされたものであり、蜂に対して各種の病原微生物に起因する感染症の発症を予防することができる感染症予防用養蜂部材及び蜂に対する感染症を予防する方法を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of the above, and is an infectious disease preventive beekeeping member capable of preventing the onset of infectious diseases caused by various pathogenic microorganisms on bees and a method for preventing infectious diseases on bees. The purpose is to provide.
本発明者らは、上記目的を達成すべく鋭意研究を重ねた結果、白金粒子及び銀粒子を含む感染症予防剤を用いることにより上記目的を達成できることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。 As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above object, the present inventors have found that the above object can be achieved by using an infectious disease preventive agent containing platinum particles and silver particles, and have completed the present invention. ..
すなわち、本発明は、例えば、以下の項に記載の主題を包含する。
項１
感染症予防用養蜂部材であって、
蜂に対して、病原微生物に起因する感染症の予防に用いられ、
白金粒子及び銀粒子を含む感染症予防剤を含有する、養蜂部材。
項２
白金粒子及び銀粒子の含有比率（白金粒子の質量：銀粒子の質量）が１：９９〜９９：１である、請求項１に記載の養蜂部材。
項３
蜂に対して、病原微生物に起因する感染症を予防する方法であって、
白金粒子及び銀粒子を含む薬剤を養蜂部材に処理する工程を備える、蜂に対する感染症予防方法。
項４
前記薬剤に含まれる白金粒子及び銀粒子の比率（白金粒子の質量：銀粒子の質量）が１：９９〜９９：１である、項３に記載の予防方法。
That is, the present invention includes, for example, the subjects described in the following sections.
Item 1
Beekeeping material for infectious disease prevention
Used to prevent infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms against bees
A beekeeping member containing an infectious disease preventive agent containing platinum particles and silver particles.
Item 2
The beekeeping member according to claim 1, wherein the content ratio of platinum particles and silver particles (mass of platinum particles: mass of silver particles) is 1:99 to 99: 1.
Item 3
A method of preventing infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms against bees,
A method for preventing infectious diseases against bees, which comprises a step of treating a beekeeping member with a drug containing platinum particles and silver particles.
Item 4
Item 3. The preventive method according to Item 3, wherein the ratio of platinum particles to silver particles (mass of platinum particles: mass of silver particles) contained in the drug is 1:99 to 99: 1.
本発明の感染症予防用養蜂部材は、蜂に対して、各種の病原微生物に起因する感染症の発症を予防することができる。 The beekeeping member for preventing infectious diseases of the present invention can prevent the onset of infectious diseases caused by various pathogenic microorganisms in bees.
本発明の予防方法によれば、蜂に対し、病原微生物に起因する感染症の発症を簡便な方法で予防することができる。 According to the preventive method of the present invention, the onset of infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms can be prevented in a bee by a simple method.
以下、本発明の実施形態について詳細に説明する。なお、本明細書中において、「含有」及び「含む」なる表現については、「含有」、「含む」、「実質的にからなる」及び「のみからなる」という概念を含む。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. In addition, in this specification, the expressions "contains" and "includes" include the concepts of "contains", "includes", "substantially consists" and "consists of only".
１．養蜂部材
本発明の感染症予防用養蜂部材は、蜂に対する感染症の発症を予防するために用いられる。特に、本発明の養蜂部材は、白金粒子及び銀粒子を含む感染症予防剤を含有する。以下では、本発明の感染症予防用養蜂部材を単に「本発明の養蜂部材」と略記する。
1. 1. Beekeeping member The beekeeping member for preventing infectious diseases of the present invention is used to prevent the onset of infectious diseases against bees. In particular, the beekeeping member of the present invention contains an infectious disease preventive agent containing platinum particles and silver particles. Hereinafter, the beekeeping member for preventing infectious diseases of the present invention is simply abbreviated as "the beekeeping member of the present invention".
本発明の養蜂部材を形成するための材料は、白金粒子及び銀粒子を含む感染症予防剤を含有する限りは、その種類は特に制限されず、例えば、蜂を育成するために使用される各種の基材及び資材が挙げられる。基材としては、例えば、蜂を育成するために使用する巣箱、巣碑、巣板等を挙げることができる。基材を形成する材料は特に限定されず、例えば、プラスチック製（樹脂製）、木製、陶器製、金属製等のいずれの材料で形成されていてもよい。また、資材としては、例えば、蜂を育成するために使用する布等を挙げることができる。布の材質も特に制限されず、綿、毛、麻等の各種の材料を挙げることができる。 The type of the material for forming the beekeeping member of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it contains an infectious disease preventive agent containing platinum particles and silver particles, and for example, various materials used for raising bees. Base material and material of. Examples of the base material include nest boxes, nest monuments, nest boards and the like used for raising bees. The material for forming the base material is not particularly limited, and may be made of any material such as plastic (resin), wood, pottery, and metal. In addition, examples of the material include cloth used for raising bees. The material of the cloth is not particularly limited, and various materials such as cotton, wool, and linen can be mentioned.
本発明の養蜂部材は、前記感染症予防剤を含有する。感染症予防剤は、病原微生物に起因する感染症の発生を予防するための成分である。ここで、病原微生物に起因する感染症の発生を予防するとは、病原微生物に起因する感染症の発症率を必ずしもゼロにすることだけを意味するものではなく、本発明の養蜂部材を使用しない場合に比べて感染症の発症率を抑制できるということも意味するものである。 The beekeeping member of the present invention contains the infectious disease preventive agent. Infectious disease preventive agents are components for preventing the outbreak of infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms. Here, preventing the outbreak of infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms does not necessarily mean only reducing the incidence of infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms to zero, and when the beekeeping member of the present invention is not used. It also means that the incidence of infectious diseases can be suppressed as compared with the above.
本発明の養蜂部材において、感染症予防剤は、例えば、養蜂部材の表面に付着して存在することができ、あるいは、感染症予防剤は、養蜂部材の内部に存在することができ、さらには、感染症予防剤は、養蜂部材の表面及び内部の両方に存在することもできる。 In the beekeeping member of the present invention, the infectious disease preventive agent can be present, for example, attached to the surface of the beekeeping member, or the infectious disease preventive agent can be present inside the beekeeping member, and further. , Infectious disease prophylaxis can also be present both on the surface and inside the beekeeping member.
本発明の養蜂部材において、感染症予防剤は、少なくとも白金粒子及び銀粒子を含む。 In the beekeeping member of the present invention, the infectious disease preventive agent contains at least platinum particles and silver particles.
前記白金粒子は、白金（Ｐｔ）を構成成分とする。白金粒子としては、通常は、白金元素で形成されるが、白金の酸化物等の白金化合物が含まれていてもよい。その他、白金粒子は、白金と他の金属元素との合金が含まれていてもよい。 The platinum particles contain platinum (Pt) as a constituent component. The platinum particles are usually formed of a platinum element, but may contain a platinum compound such as an oxide of platinum. In addition, the platinum particles may contain an alloy of platinum and other metal elements.
白金粒子の平均粒子径は特に限定されず、１０〜２００ｎｍとすることができる。なお、本明細書でいう白金粒子の平均粒子径とは、ゼータ電位測定装置（ゼータサイザーナノＺＳ９０、Ｍａｌｖｅｒｎ社製）で測定した値をいう。 The average particle size of the platinum particles is not particularly limited and can be 10 to 200 nm. The average particle size of the platinum particles referred to in the present specification means a value measured by a zeta potential measuring device (Zetasizer Nano ZS90, manufactured by Malvern).
前記銀粒子は、銀（Ａｇ）を構成成分とする。銀粒子としては、通常は、銀元素で形成されるが、銀の酸化物等の銀化合物が含まれていてもよい。その他、銀粒子は、銀と他の金属元素との合金が含まれていてもよい。 The silver particles contain silver (Ag) as a constituent component. The silver particles are usually formed of a silver element, but may contain a silver compound such as a silver oxide. In addition, the silver particles may contain an alloy of silver and other metal elements.
銀粒子の平均粒子径は特に限定されず、１０〜２００ｎｍとすることができる。なお、本明細書でいう銀粒子の平均粒子径も、ゼータ電位測定装置（ゼータサイザーナノＺＳ９０、Ｍａｌｖｅｒｎ社製）で測定した値をいう。 The average particle size of the silver particles is not particularly limited and can be 10 to 200 nm. The average particle size of silver particles referred to in the present specification also refers to a value measured by a zeta potential measuring device (Zetasizer Nano ZS90, manufactured by Malvern).
白金粒子及び銀粒子の形状はいずれも特に限定的ではなく、球状粒子、多角状粒子、繊維状粒子、針状粒子、フレーク状粒子、多孔質粒子等が例示される。 The shapes of the platinum particles and the silver particles are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include spherical particles, polygonal particles, fibrous particles, needle-like particles, flake-like particles, and porous particles.
本発明の養蜂部材において、感染症予防剤が白金粒子及び銀粒子を含むことで、各種の病原微生物に起因して発症する蜂の感染症を予防することができる。白金粒子が単独で存在する場合、及び、銀粒子が単独で存在する場合は、病原微生物に起因する感染症の発生を予防することができないものの、本発明のように、白金粒子及び銀粒子の両方を含む感染症予防剤を養蜂部材が備えることで初めて、蜂に対して、病原微生物に起因する感染症の発生を予防することが可能となる。 In the beekeeping member of the present invention, when the infectious disease preventive agent contains platinum particles and silver particles, it is possible to prevent bee infectious diseases caused by various pathogenic microorganisms. When the platinum particles are present alone and when the silver particles are present alone, the outbreak of infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms cannot be prevented, but as in the present invention, the platinum particles and the silver particles Only when the beekeeping member is provided with an infectious disease preventive agent containing both of them, it becomes possible to prevent the outbreak of infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms against bees.
本発明の養蜂部材において、感染症予防剤に含まれる白金粒子及び銀粒子の両者の存在比率は特に限定されず、感染症予防剤による感染症予防効果が発揮される限りは、任意の比率に調節することができる。 In the beekeeping member of the present invention, the abundance ratio of both platinum particles and silver particles contained in the infectious disease preventive agent is not particularly limited, and can be any ratio as long as the infectious disease preventive effect is exhibited by the infectious disease preventive agent. Can be adjusted.
例えば、病原微生物に起因する発症をより抑制しやすい観点から、本発明の養蜂部材において、白金粒子及び銀粒子の含有比率（白金粒子の質量：銀粒子の質量）は、１：９９〜９９：１とすることができる。中でも、白金粒子及び銀粒子の含有比率（白金粒子の質量：銀粒子の質量）は、５：９５〜９５：５であることが好ましく、１０：９０〜９０：１０であることがより好ましく、２０：８０〜８０：２０であることが特に好ましい。 For example, in the beekeeping member of the present invention, the content ratio of platinum particles and silver particles (mass of platinum particles: mass of silver particles) is 1: 99 to 99: from the viewpoint of more easily suppressing the onset caused by pathogenic microorganisms. It can be 1. Above all, the content ratio of platinum particles and silver particles (mass of platinum particles: mass of silver particles) is preferably 5:95 to 95: 5, and more preferably 10:90 to 90:10. It is particularly preferably 20:80 to 80:20.
感染症予防剤は、本発明の効果が阻害されない程度であれば、白金粒子及び銀粒子以外に他の成分を含むこともできる。その他成分としては、例えば、白金粒子及び銀粒子以外の金属元素又はその化合物、抗菌剤、殺菌剤、防腐剤、防藻剤、防カビ剤等が例示される。感染症予防剤がその他成分を含む場合、その含有量は、養蜂部材の全質量に対して、５質量％以下、好ましくは１質量％以下、より好ましくは、０．１質量％以下、特に好ましくは０．０５質量％以下とすることができる。感染症予防剤は、白金粒子及び銀粒子のみで構成されていてもよい。 The infectious disease preventive agent may contain other components in addition to the platinum particles and silver particles as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. Examples of other components include metal elements other than platinum particles and silver particles or compounds thereof, antibacterial agents, bactericidal agents, preservatives, algae-proofing agents, fungicides, and the like. When the infectious disease preventive agent contains other components, the content thereof is 5% by mass or less, preferably 1% by mass or less, more preferably 0.1% by mass or less, particularly preferably 0.1% by mass or less, based on the total mass of the beekeeping member. Can be 0.05% by mass or less. The infectious disease preventive agent may be composed only of platinum particles and silver particles.
本発明の養蜂部材において、感染症予防剤の担持量は特に限定されない。例えば、本発明の養蜂部材中、白金粒子及び銀粒子の担持量の総量は、１ｎｇ／ｇ以上、好ましくは１０ｎｇ／ｇ以上、より好ましくは１００ｎｇ／ｇ以上である。また、本発明の養蜂部材中、白金粒子及び銀粒子の担持量の総量は、１００００００ｎｇ／ｇ以下、好ましくは１０００００ｎｇ／ｇ以下、より好ましくは１００００ｎｇ／ｇ以下である。白金粒子及び銀粒子の担持量の総量が１ｎｇ／ｇ以上であれば十分な感染症予防剤による予防効果が得られ、また、１００００００ｎｇ／ｇ以下であれば経済的にも有利である。 In the beekeeping member of the present invention, the amount of the infectious disease preventive agent carried is not particularly limited. For example, the total amount of platinum particles and silver particles supported in the beekeeping member of the present invention is 1 ng / g or more, preferably 10 ng / g or more, and more preferably 100 ng / g or more. The total amount of platinum particles and silver particles supported in the beekeeping member of the present invention is 1,000,000 ng / g or less, preferably 100,000 ng / g or less, and more preferably 10,000 ng / g or less. When the total amount of platinum particles and silver particles supported is 1 ng / g or more, a sufficient preventive effect by an infectious disease preventive agent can be obtained, and when it is 1000000 ng / g or less, it is economically advantageous.
本発明の養蜂部材では、白金粒子及び銀粒子は全体に均一に分布して養蜂部材中に存在していてもよいし、一部にのみ偏在して養蜂部材中に存在していてもよい。 In the beekeeping member of the present invention, the platinum particles and silver particles may be uniformly distributed throughout the beekeeping member and may be present in the beekeeping member, or may be unevenly distributed in only a part of the beekeeping member.
本発明の養蜂部材において、白金粒子と銀粒子とは互いに独立して存在することができ、あるいは、白金粒子と銀粒子とが凝集等によって複合粒子を形成することもできる。白金粒子と銀粒子とは互いに独立して存在している場合は、白金粒子どうし、及び、銀粒子どうしが凝集して存在していてもよい。複合粒子の形成の有無は、透過型電子顕微鏡（ＴＥＭ）によって確認することができる。 In the bee-raising member of the present invention, the platinum particles and the silver particles can exist independently of each other, or the platinum particles and the silver particles can form composite particles by aggregation or the like. When the platinum particles and the silver particles exist independently of each other, the platinum particles and the silver particles may coagulate and exist. The presence or absence of the formation of composite particles can be confirmed by a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
白金粒子と銀粒子とが複合粒子を形成している場合、複合粒子の形態等は特に限定されない。例えば、複合粒子としては、多数の白金粒子及び銀粒子が凝集して形成される粒子を挙げることができる。より具体的には、多数の粒子（一次粒子）それぞれが規則的又は不規則的に凝集して、いわゆる二次粒子を形成することで、白金粒子と銀粒子とを含む複合粒子が形成され得る。白金粒子と銀粒子とが複合粒子を形成している場合、感染症の発症を抑制する効果がさらに高まる。 When the platinum particles and the silver particles form a composite particle, the form of the composite particle is not particularly limited. For example, examples of composite particles include particles formed by agglutination of a large number of platinum particles and silver particles. More specifically, a large number of particles (primary particles) each agglomerate regularly or irregularly to form so-called secondary particles, whereby composite particles containing platinum particles and silver particles can be formed. .. When platinum particles and silver particles form composite particles, the effect of suppressing the onset of infectious diseases is further enhanced.
複合粒子は、例えば、同じような形状の粒子どうしが互いに凝集することで形成されてもよいし、あるいは、コア粒子の表面を他の粒子が覆った構造を有する、いわゆるコアシェル構造を有することもできる。この場合、コア粒子は一つの粒子のみで形成されてもよいし、あるいは、複数の粒子の集合体であってよい。感染症に対して優れた抑制効果を発揮しやすいという点で、複合粒子は、コアシェル構造を有していることが好ましい。 The composite particles may be formed, for example, by agglutinating particles having similar shapes to each other, or may have a so-called core-shell structure having a structure in which the surface of core particles is covered with other particles. can. In this case, the core particles may be formed of only one particle, or may be an aggregate of a plurality of particles. The composite particles preferably have a core-shell structure in that they tend to exert an excellent inhibitory effect on infectious diseases.
複合粒子がコアシェル構造を有する場合、コアを形成する粒子（コア粒子）は、白金粒子及び銀粒子のいずれであってもよいし、コア粒子は白金粒子及び銀粒子の両方を含むこともできる。シェルを形成する粒子（シェル粒子）も、白金粒子及び銀粒子のいずれであってもよいし、シェル粒子は白金粒子及び銀粒子の両方を含むこともできる。凝集粒子がコアシェル構造を有する場合においてコア粒子が一つの金属粒子のみで形成される場合は、通常、コア粒子のサイズの方がシェル粒子のサイズよりも大きい。 When the composite particles have a core-shell structure, the particles forming the core (core particles) may be either platinum particles or silver particles, and the core particles may include both platinum particles and silver particles. The particles forming the shell (shell particles) may be either platinum particles or silver particles, and the shell particles may include both platinum particles and silver particles. When the agglomerated particles have a core-shell structure and the core particles are formed of only one metal particle, the size of the core particles is usually larger than the size of the shell particles.
コアシェル構造を有する複合粒子の一態様として、コア粒子を銀粒子、シェル粒子を白金粒子とすることができる。もちろん、この逆とすることも可能である。 As one aspect of the composite particle having a core-shell structure, the core particle can be a silver particle and the shell particle can be a platinum particle. Of course, the reverse is also possible.
複合粒子の平均粒子径は特に限定されない。例えば、感染症の発症がより抑制されやすくなるという点で、複合粒子の平均粒子径は１０〜５００ｎｍであることが好ましい。複合粒子の平均粒子径の下限は２０ｎｍであることがより好ましく、３０ｎｍであることが特に好ましい。また、複合粒子の平均粒子径の上限は３００ｎｍであることがより好ましく、２００ｎｍであることが特に好ましい。なお、本明細書でいう複合粒子の平均粒子径とは、ゼータ電位測定装置（ゼータサイザーナノＺＳ９０、Ｍａｌｖｅｒｎ社製）で測定した値をいう。 The average particle size of the composite particles is not particularly limited. For example, the average particle size of the composite particles is preferably 10 to 500 nm in that the onset of infectious diseases is more likely to be suppressed. The lower limit of the average particle size of the composite particles is more preferably 20 nm, and particularly preferably 30 nm. Further, the upper limit of the average particle size of the composite particles is more preferably 300 nm, and particularly preferably 200 nm. The average particle size of the composite particles referred to in the present specification means a value measured by a zeta potential measuring device (Zetasizer Nano ZS90, manufactured by Malvern).
複合粒子を形成する白金粒子と銀粒子それぞれの平均粒子径も特に限定されない。例えば、白金粒子の平均粒子径は、１〜２００ｎｍとすることができ、銀粒子の平均粒子径は、１０〜４８０ｎｍとすることができる。なお、本明細書でいう複合粒子を形成する白金粒子と銀粒子の平均粒子径とは、ＴＥＭ画像に示されている各粒子の組成をエネルギー分散形Ｘ線分光法（ＥＤＳ）で特定した上で、透過型電子顕微鏡（ＴＥＭ）による直接観察によって無作為に５０個の粒子を選択し、これらの円相当径を計測して算術平均した値をいう。 The average particle size of each of the platinum particles and silver particles forming the composite particles is not particularly limited. For example, the average particle size of platinum particles can be 1 to 200 nm, and the average particle size of silver particles can be 10 to 480 nm. The average particle size of the platinum particles and silver particles forming the composite particles referred to in the present specification is determined by specifying the composition of each particle shown in the TEM image by energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Then, 50 particles are randomly selected by direct observation with a transmission electron microscope (TEM), and the equivalent circle diameters of these particles are measured and calculated and averaged.
複合粒子の形状（平面視形状）は特に限定的ではなく、球状粒子、楕円球状粒子、不定形粒子、多角状粒子、繊維状粒子、針状粒子、フレーク状粒子、多孔質粒子等が例示される。 The shape (plan view shape) of the composite particles is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include spherical particles, elliptical spherical particles, amorphous particles, polygonal particles, fibrous particles, needle-like particles, flake-like particles, and porous particles. NS.
複合粒子に含まれる白金粒子と銀粒子の形状も特に限定されない。例えば、白金粒子及び銀粒子は、球状粒子、楕円球状粒子、不定形粒子、多角状粒子、繊維状粒子、針状粒子、フレーク状粒子、多孔質粒子等が例示される。白金粒子と銀粒子とが複合粒子径を形成していない場合であっても、白金粒子及び銀粒子の形状はいずれも上記同様とすることができる。 The shapes of the platinum particles and the silver particles contained in the composite particles are also not particularly limited. For example, examples of platinum particles and silver particles include spherical particles, elliptical spherical particles, amorphous particles, polygonal particles, fibrous particles, needle-like particles, flake-like particles, and porous particles. Even when the platinum particles and the silver particles do not form a composite particle diameter, the shapes of the platinum particles and the silver particles can all be the same as described above.
複合粒子は、白金粒子及び銀粒子のみで形成することがき、必要に応じて他の金属等の成分を含むこともできる。複合粒子の全質量のうち白金粒子及び銀粒子の総量が８０質量％以上であることが好ましく、９０質量％以上であることがより好ましく、９５質量％以上であることが特に好ましい。 The composite particles can be formed only of platinum particles and silver particles, and can also contain components such as other metals if necessary. The total amount of platinum particles and silver particles is preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 95% by mass or more, based on the total mass of the composite particles.
本発明の養蜂部材は、種々の病原微生物に起因する感染症に対して予防効果を発揮することができる。本発明の養蜂部材が蜂に対して予防できる感染症の種類は、例えば、チョーク病、ノゼマ病（トウヨウミツバチノゼマ病、セイヨウミツバチノゼマ病等）、ふそ病（ヨーロッパふそ病、アメリカふそ病等）、ハチノスムクゲケシキスイ症、麻痺病、サックブルード病、スムシ（ハチノスツヅリガ）等を挙げることができる。 The beekeeping member of the present invention can exert a preventive effect against infectious diseases caused by various pathogenic microorganisms. The types of infectious diseases that the bee-feeding member of the present invention can prevent against bees include, for example, chalk disease, nosemosis disease (Toyomitsubachi nozema disease, Seiyoumitsubachi nozema disease, etc.), and scab (European sickness, American sickness). Etc.), Hachinosumukugekeshikisui disease, paralysis disease, Sackbrood disease, Sumushi (Hachinosutsuzuriga), etc. can be mentioned.
中でも、本発明の養蜂部材は、チョーク病、ノゼマ病及びふそ病に対してより優れた予防効果を発揮することができ、チョーク病、ノゼマ病及びヨーロッパふそ病に対してさらに優れた予防効果を発揮することができ、ヨーロッパふそ病に対して特に優れた予防効果を発揮することができる。これは、白金粒子及び銀粒子を含む感染症予防剤がチョーク病、ノゼマ病及びふそ病に対して特に特異的に予防効果を発揮することができるためである。 Among them, the beekeeping member of the present invention can exert a better preventive effect against chalk disease, nosemosis and scab, and further excellent preventive effect against chalk disease, nosemosis and European scab. It can be exerted and can exert a particularly excellent preventive effect against European chalk disease. This is because an infectious disease preventive agent containing platinum particles and silver particles can exert a particularly specific preventive effect on chalk disease, nosemosis disease and scab.
本発明の養蜂部材を使用することでは、蜂が、各種病原微生物に起因する感染症を発症するのを予防できる。従って、本発明の養蜂部材は、ミツバチの飼育性に優れる。 By using the beekeeping member of the present invention, it is possible to prevent bees from developing infectious diseases caused by various pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, the beekeeping member of the present invention is excellent in honey bee breeding property.
本発明の養蜂部材を製造する方法は、特に限定されない。例えば、感染症予防剤を含む薬剤を使用して、感染症予防剤を含む養蜂部材を製造することができる。以下、感染症予防剤を含む薬剤を「薬剤Ａ」と表記する。 The method for producing the beekeeping member of the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, a drug containing an infectious disease preventive agent can be used to produce a beekeeping member containing an infectious disease preventive agent. Hereinafter, the drug containing the infectious disease preventive agent will be referred to as "drug A".
薬剤Ａが水溶液又は分散液である場合、薬剤Ａに養蜂部材を浸漬させることで、感染症予防剤を含む養蜂部材を製造することができる。薬剤Ａが水溶液又は分散液である場合、感染症予防剤を含む養蜂部材の製造方法の他例としては、薬剤Ａを養蜂部材に噴霧又は塗布する方法が挙げられる。また、薬剤Ａが粉体である場合、薬剤Ａを養蜂部材に噴霧する方法が挙げられる。 When the drug A is an aqueous solution or a dispersion liquid, the beekeeping member containing the infectious disease preventive agent can be produced by immersing the beekeeping member in the drug A. When the drug A is an aqueous solution or a dispersion, another example of a method for producing a beekeeping member containing an infectious disease preventive agent includes a method of spraying or applying the drug A to the beekeeping member. Further, when the drug A is a powder, a method of spraying the drug A on the beekeeping member can be mentioned.
前記薬剤Ａに浸漬する方法では、養蜂部材を薬剤Ａに浸漬させた状態において、マイクロ波を照射することができる。マイクロ波を照射することで、比較的短時間で均一に薬剤Ａ中の感染症予防剤が養蜂部材にコーティングされ、白金粒子及び銀粒子の担持がより強固になる。マイクロ波を照射する場合、照射強度は、０．００５〜０．１Ｗ／ｃｍ３とすることができる。マイクロ波の照射は、例えば、市販のマイクロ波照射装置を使用してもよいし、あるいは、電子レンジを使用してもよい。また、マイクロ波を照射するにあたっては、適宜、加熱を行ってもよい。マイクロ波の照射時間は、マイクロ波の照射強度に応じて適宜設定すればよく、例えば、０．１〜６０分とすることができる。 In the method of immersing the beekeeping member in the drug A, microwaves can be irradiated while the beekeeping member is immersed in the drug A. By irradiating the microwave, the infectious disease preventive agent in the drug A is uniformly coated on the beekeeping member in a relatively short time, and the platinum particles and the silver particles are supported more firmly. When irradiating with microwaves, the irradiation intensity can be 0.005 to 0.1 W / cm 3 . For microwave irradiation, for example, a commercially available microwave irradiation device may be used, or a microwave oven may be used. Further, when irradiating the microwave, heating may be performed as appropriate. The microwave irradiation time may be appropriately set according to the microwave irradiation intensity, and may be, for example, 0.1 to 60 minutes.
薬剤Ａが水溶液又は分散液である場合、薬剤Ａは白金粒子及び銀粒子を含み、さらに、水系溶媒を含み得る。水系溶媒としては特に限定されず、例えば、水、炭素数１〜３等の低級アルコール、あるいは、これらの混合溶媒が挙げられる。水は、蒸留水、水道水、工業用水、イオン交換水、脱イオン水、純水、電解水などの各種の水を用いることができる。白金粒子及び銀粒子の分散安定性が良好であり、薬剤Ａとしての人体等への安全性も高いという観点から、水系溶媒は水を９０質量％以上含むことができ、９９質量％以上含むことが特に好ましい。 When the drug A is an aqueous solution or a dispersion, the drug A contains platinum particles and silver particles, and may further contain an aqueous solvent. The aqueous solvent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include water, lower alcohols having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and mixed solvents thereof. As the water, various types of water such as distilled water, tap water, industrial water, ion-exchanged water, deionized water, pure water, and electrolyzed water can be used. From the viewpoint that the dispersion stability of platinum particles and silver particles is good and the safety of the drug A to the human body and the like is high, the aqueous solvent can contain 90% by mass or more of water and 99% by mass or more. Is particularly preferable.
薬剤Ａが水系溶媒を含む場合、水系溶媒中の白金粒子及び銀粒子の含有量は特に限定されず、所望の感染症予防効果が発揮される範囲で任意に調節することができる。例えば、薬剤Ａにおいて、白金粒子及び銀粒子の総量は、水系溶媒の全質量に対して０．０１〜１０００質量ｐｐｍとすることができ、水系溶媒の全質量に対して０．１〜５００質量ｐｐｍであることがより好ましい。 When the drug A contains an aqueous solvent, the content of platinum particles and silver particles in the aqueous solvent is not particularly limited, and can be arbitrarily adjusted within a range in which a desired infectious disease preventive effect is exhibited. For example, in the drug A, the total amount of platinum particles and silver particles can be 0.01 to 1000 mass ppm with respect to the total mass of the aqueous solvent, and 0.1 to 500 mass by mass with respect to the total mass of the aqueous solvent. More preferably, it is ppm.
薬剤Ａに含まれる白金粒子及び銀粒子の比率（白金粒子の質量：銀粒子の質量）は、例えば、１：９９〜９９：１とすることができる。中でも、薬剤Ａに含まれる白金粒子及び銀粒子の比率（白金粒子の質量：銀粒子の質量）は、５：９５〜９５：５であることが好ましく、１０：９０〜９０：１０であることがより好ましく、２０：８０〜８０：２０であることが特に好ましい。 The ratio of platinum particles to silver particles contained in the drug A (mass of platinum particles: mass of silver particles) can be, for example, 1:99 to 99: 1. Above all, the ratio of platinum particles and silver particles contained in the drug A (mass of platinum particles: mass of silver particles) is preferably 5:95 to 95: 5, and is preferably 10:90 to 90:10. Is more preferable, and 20:80 to 80:20 is particularly preferable.
薬剤ＡのｐＨは特に限定されない。白金粒子及び銀粒子の分散安定性が良好となりやすいという点で、薬剤ＡのｐＨは３〜７であることが好ましく、３．５〜６であることがさらに好ましく、３．５〜４．５であることが特に好ましい。 The pH of the drug A is not particularly limited. The pH of the drug A is preferably 3 to 7, more preferably 3.5 to 6, and even more preferably 3.5 to 4.5, in that the dispersion stability of the platinum particles and the silver particles tends to be good. Is particularly preferable.
薬剤Ａは、本発明の効果が阻害されない限りは、種々の添加剤を挙げることができる。添加剤としては、微生物防除剤（具体的には抗菌剤、殺菌剤、防腐剤、防藻剤、防カビ剤等）、ｐＨ調整剤、酸化防止剤、溶媒、バインダー、担体、分散剤、乳化剤、緩衝剤、安定剤、賦形剤、結合剤、崩壊剤、滑沢剤、増粘剤、保湿剤、着色料、香料、キレート剤、光安定剤、消泡剤等が例示される。薬剤Ａが添加剤を含む場合、添加剤の含有量は、白金粒子、銀粒子及び水系溶媒の全質量に対して５質量％以下、好ましくは１質量％以下、より好ましくは、０．１質量％以下、特に好ましくは０．０５質量％以下とすることができる。 As the agent A, various additives can be mentioned as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. Additives include microbial control agents (specifically, antibacterial agents, bactericides, preservatives, algae repellents, fungicides, etc.), pH regulators, antioxidants, solvents, binders, carriers, dispersants, emulsifiers. , Buffers, stabilizers, excipients, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, thickeners, moisturizers, colorants, fragrances, chelating agents, light stabilizers, antifoaming agents and the like. When the agent A contains an additive, the content of the additive is 5% by mass or less, preferably 1% by mass or less, more preferably 0.1% by mass, based on the total mass of the platinum particles, silver particles and the aqueous solvent. % Or less, particularly preferably 0.05% by mass or less.
薬剤Ａが水溶液又は分散液である場合、その製造方法は特に限定されない。例えば、白金粒子及び銀粒子を公知の方法で製造してそれぞれの水系分散液を得て、両者を混合することで薬剤Ａを得ることができる。白金粒子の水系溶媒の分散液及び銀粒子の水系溶媒の分散液は、例えば、公知の製造方法で得ることができ、あるいは、市販品から入手することができる。 When the drug A is an aqueous solution or a dispersion, the production method thereof is not particularly limited. For example, platinum particles and silver particles can be produced by a known method to obtain respective aqueous dispersions, and the two can be mixed to obtain the drug A. The dispersion of the aqueous solvent of platinum particles and the dispersion of the aqueous solvent of silver particles can be obtained, for example, by a known production method, or can be obtained from a commercially available product.
薬剤Ａの製造方法の他例として、白金粒子の前駆体と銀粒子の前駆体とを混合する方法により製造することもできる（以下、「製造方法Ａ」と表記する）。 As another example of the method for producing the drug A, it can also be produced by a method of mixing a precursor of platinum particles and a precursor of silver particles (hereinafter, referred to as "production method A").
製造方法Ａにおいて、白金粒子の前駆体とは、例えば、白金を含む化合物であり、化学処理をすることで、白金粒子を形成することができる化合物を意味する。同様に、銀粒子の前駆体とは、例えば、銀を含む化合物であり、化学処理をすることで、銀粒子を形成することができる化合物を意味する。 In the production method A, the precursor of platinum particles means, for example, a compound containing platinum, and a compound capable of forming platinum particles by chemical treatment. Similarly, the precursor of silver particles means, for example, a compound containing silver and capable of forming silver particles by chemical treatment.
白金粒子の前駆体としては、例えば、白金錯体を挙げることができる。 Examples of the precursor of platinum particles include a platinum complex.
白金錯体は、例えば、白金源を錯化することで得ることができる。白金源としては、例えば、白金の酸化物、水酸化物、塩化物、炭酸塩、酢酸塩、硝酸塩、シュウ酸塩、リン酸塩、クロリド錯体等が例示される。白金源の錯化処理は、例えば、各種有機塩を使用し、該有機塩を白金源と反応させることで行うことができる。中でも、有機塩としてはクエン酸三ナトリウムを使用することが好ましい。クエン酸三ナトリウムは水和物であってもよい。白金源の錯化は、例えば、水中で行うことができる。 The platinum complex can be obtained, for example, by complexing a platinum source. Examples of the platinum source include platinum oxides, hydroxides, chlorides, carbonates, acetates, nitrates, oxalates, phosphates, chloride complexes and the like. The coordination treatment of the platinum source can be performed, for example, by using various organic salts and reacting the organic salts with the platinum source. Above all, it is preferable to use trisodium citrate as the organic salt. Trisodium citrate may be a hydrate. The platinum source complexing can be done, for example, in water.
白金源を錯化処理するにあたり、白金源と有機塩との使用割合は特に限定されない。例えば、白金源に含まれる白金１モルに対し、有機塩１〜５モル用いて白金源を錯化処理することができる。 In the complexing treatment of the platinum source, the ratio of the platinum source and the organic salt used is not particularly limited. For example, the platinum source can be complexed by using 1 to 5 mol of an organic salt with respect to 1 mol of platinum contained in the platinum source.
銀粒子の前駆体としては、例えば、銀錯体を挙げることができる。 Examples of the precursor of silver particles include a silver complex.
銀錯体は、例えば、銀源を錯化することで得ることができる。銀源としては、例えば、銀の酸化物、水酸化物、塩化物、炭酸塩、酢酸塩、硝酸塩、シュウ酸塩、リン酸塩等が例示される。銀源の錯化処理は、例えば、各種有機塩を使用し、該有機塩を銀源と反応させることで行うことができる。中でも、有機塩としてはクエン酸三ナトリウムを使用することが好ましい。クエン酸三ナトリウムは水和物であってもよい。銀源の錯化は、例えば、水中で行うことができる。 The silver complex can be obtained, for example, by complexing the silver source. Examples of the silver source include silver oxides, hydroxides, chlorides, carbonates, acetates, nitrates, oxalates, phosphates and the like. The silver source complexing treatment can be performed, for example, by using various organic salts and reacting the organic salts with the silver source. Above all, it is preferable to use trisodium citrate as the organic salt. Trisodium citrate may be a hydrate. The silver source complexing can be done, for example, in water.
銀源を錯化処理するにあたり、銀源と有機塩との使用割合は特に限定されない。例えば、銀源に含まれる白金１モルに対し、有機塩１〜５モル用いて銀源を錯化処理することができる。 In the complexing treatment of the silver source, the ratio of the silver source and the organic salt used is not particularly limited. For example, the silver source can be complexed by using 1 to 5 mol of an organic salt with respect to 1 mol of platinum contained in the silver source.
製造方法Ａにおいて、白金粒子の前駆体と銀粒子の前駆体とを混合する方法は特に限定されない。例えば、白金粒子の前駆体の前記水系溶媒の溶液（例えば、水溶液）と、銀粒子の前駆体の前記水系溶媒の溶液（例えば、水溶液）とを混合する方法を挙げることができる。溶液どうしを混合する場合、例えば、一方の溶液に他方の溶液を滴下する滴下方式を採用することができる。この滴下方式の場合、例えば、前述のコアシェル構造を有する凝集粒子が形成されやすい。滴下の方法は特に限定されず、例えば、市販の滴下用器具、滴下ポンプ等を使用することができる。 In the production method A, the method of mixing the precursor of platinum particles and the precursor of silver particles is not particularly limited. For example, a method of mixing a solution of the aqueous solvent of the precursor of platinum particles (for example, an aqueous solution) and a solution of the aqueous solvent of the precursor of silver particles (for example, an aqueous solution) can be mentioned. When mixing the solutions, for example, a dropping method in which the other solution is dropped onto one solution can be adopted. In the case of this dropping method, for example, agglomerated particles having the above-mentioned core-shell structure are likely to be formed. The method of dropping is not particularly limited, and for example, a commercially available dropping device, dropping pump, or the like can be used.
白金粒子の前駆体と銀粒子の前駆体とを混合するにあたって、混合時の温度も特に限定されず、例えば、室温、具体的には１５〜３５℃とすることができる。 When mixing the precursor of platinum particles and the precursor of silver particles, the temperature at the time of mixing is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, room temperature, specifically 15 to 35 ° C.
白金粒子の前駆体と銀粒子の前駆体とを混合するにあたって、両者の混合割合も特に限定されず、薬剤Ａにおいて白金粒子と銀粒子とが所望の含有割合になるように、白金粒子の前駆体の使用量と銀粒子の前駆体の使用量を適宜調節することができる。 When mixing the precursor of platinum particles and the precursor of silver particles, the mixing ratio of both is not particularly limited, and the precursor of platinum particles is such that the content ratio of platinum particles and silver particles is desired in the drug A. The amount of body used and the amount of silver particle precursor used can be adjusted as appropriate.
製造方法Ａにおいて、白金粒子の前駆体と銀粒子の前駆体とを混合することで、白金粒子と銀粒子がそれぞれ生成し、互いの粒子が凝集して凝集粒子が形成され、白金粒子と銀粒子を構成要素とする複合粒子が得られうる。 In the production method A, by mixing the precursor of platinum particles and the precursor of silver particles, platinum particles and silver particles are generated respectively, and the particles of each other are aggregated to form aggregated particles, and the platinum particles and silver are formed. Composite particles having particles as constituent elements can be obtained.
また、白金粒子の前駆体と銀粒子の前駆体とを混合して混合液を得た後、さらに該混合液に酸を添加することもできる。この酸の添加によって、混合液のｐＨが適切に調節され、これにより粒子の生成が促進されて白金粒子と銀粒子を含む分散液を容易、かつ、速やかに得ることができる。 Further, after mixing the precursor of platinum particles and the precursor of silver particles to obtain a mixed solution, an acid can be further added to the mixed solution. By adding this acid, the pH of the mixed solution is appropriately adjusted, whereby the formation of particles is promoted, and a dispersion containing platinum particles and silver particles can be easily and quickly obtained.
前記混合液に加える酸としては、塩酸、硝酸、硫酸等の無機酸；酢酸、クエン酸、コハク酸等の有機酸等を挙げることができる。これらの中でも、生成後の複合粒子の分散安定性が良好であるという観点から、有機酸を使用することが好ましく、クエン酸を使用することが特に好ましい。 Examples of the acid added to the mixed solution include inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and sulfuric acid; and organic acids such as acetic acid, citric acid and succinic acid. Among these, from the viewpoint of good dispersion stability of the composite particles after formation, it is preferable to use an organic acid, and it is particularly preferable to use citric acid.
酸を添加することにより、混合液のｐＨを６以下に調節することが好ましい。この場合、生成後の白金粒子と銀粒子を含む分散液は分散安定性にも優れる。酸の添加方法は特に制限されず、例えば、酸を水溶液にして前記混合液に添加することができる。 It is preferable to adjust the pH of the mixture to 6 or less by adding an acid. In this case, the dispersion liquid containing the platinum particles and the silver particles after formation is also excellent in dispersion stability. The method of adding the acid is not particularly limited, and for example, the acid can be made into an aqueous solution and added to the mixed solution.
以上の製造方法Ａによって白金粒子と銀粒子を含む分散液を得た後、必要に応じて水系溶媒を混合して、薬剤Ａの濃度を所望の範囲に調節することができ、さらに必要に応じて、前記添加剤を加えて薬剤Ａを得ることができる。 After obtaining a dispersion liquid containing platinum particles and silver particles by the above production method A, an aqueous solvent can be mixed as necessary to adjust the concentration of the drug A to a desired range, and further, if necessary. The agent A can be obtained by adding the additive.
２．蜂に対する感染症予防方法
本発明の予防方法は、蜂に対して病原微生物に起因する感染症を予防する方法であって、白金粒子及び銀粒子を含む薬剤を養蜂部材に処理する工程を備える。ここで使用する薬剤は、例えば、前述の薬剤Ａである。
2. Method for Preventing Infectious Diseases on Bees The method for preventing infectious diseases on bees is a method for preventing infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms on bees, and includes a step of treating a beekeeping member with a drug containing platinum particles and silver particles. The drug used here is, for example, the above-mentioned drug A.
薬剤を養蜂部材に処理する方法は特に限定されず、前述のように、薬剤に、養蜂部材を浸漬させる方法、薬剤を養蜂部材に噴霧する方法、薬剤を養蜂部材に塗布する方法を挙げることができる。 The method of treating the drug into the beekeeping member is not particularly limited, and as described above, a method of immersing the beekeeping member in the drug, a method of spraying the drug on the beekeeping member, and a method of applying the drug to the beekeeping member can be mentioned. can.
薬剤を養蜂部材に処理することで、養蜂部材に白金粒子及び銀粒子を含む感染症予防剤が付着し、前述の本発明の養蜂部材を得ることができる。得られた養蜂部材は、白金粒子及び銀粒子を含む感染症予防剤を有することから、この養蜂部材を使用して蜂を育成する場合、蜂に対して、病原微生物に起因する各種感染症を予防することができる。 By treating the beekeeping member with the drug, the infectious disease preventive agent containing platinum particles and silver particles adheres to the beekeeping member, and the above-mentioned beekeeping member of the present invention can be obtained. Since the obtained beekeeping member has an infectious disease preventive agent containing platinum particles and silver particles, when a bee is raised using this beekeeping member, various infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms are transmitted to the bee. Can be prevented.
従って、本発明の予防方法は、簡便な方法で蜂への感染症の予防が可能になり、特に、蜂に対して病原微生物に起因する感染症を予防する方法として適している。従って、本発明の予防方法によれば、蜂が病原微生物に起因する感染症の発症を抑制できる。 Therefore, the preventive method of the present invention makes it possible to prevent infectious diseases to bees by a simple method, and is particularly suitable as a method for preventing infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms to bees. Therefore, according to the preventive method of the present invention, bees can suppress the onset of infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms.
以下、実施例により本発明をより具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例の態様に限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to the aspects of these Examples.
（合成例１−１；白金粒子及び銀粒子を含む薬剤）
硝酸銀（ＡｇＮＯ３）０．１０４ｇと、クエン酸三ナトリウム二水和物０．１３０ｇとを９８０ｍＬのイオン交換水（２５℃）に溶解させ、３０分間撹拌し、銀錯体を含む水溶液を調製した。
このように得られた銀錯体を銀粒子の前駆体とした。また、塩化白金（ＩＩ）酸カリウム（Ｋ２ＰｔＣｌ４）０．２１３ｇと、クエン酸三ナトリウム二水和物０．１３０ｇとを、２０ｍＬのイオン交換水（２５℃）に溶解させ、３０分間撹拌し、白金錯体を含む水溶液を調製した。このように得られた白金錯体を白金粒子の前駆体とした。
(Synthesis Example 1-1; Drugs Containing Platinum Particles and Silver Particles)
0.104 g of silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ) and 0.130 g of trisodium citrate dihydrate were dissolved in 980 mL of ion-exchanged water (25 ° C.) and stirred for 30 minutes to prepare an aqueous solution containing a silver complex.
The silver complex thus obtained was used as a precursor of silver particles. Further, 0.213 g of potassium chloride (II) chloride (K 2 PtCl 4 ) and 0.130 g of trisodium citrate dihydrate were dissolved in 20 mL of ion-exchanged water (25 ° C.) and stirred for 30 minutes. Then, an aqueous solution containing a platinum complex was prepared. The platinum complex thus obtained was used as a precursor of platinum particles.
次いで、白金錯体を含む水溶液の全量を、６０分かけて銀錯体を含む水溶液に攪拌しながら滴下し、滴下終了後、さらに６０分間撹拌を続け、混合液を得た。得られた混合液に５０％クエン酸水溶液を約０．６ｍＬ滴下することで混合液のｐＨを４に調整し、さらに６０分間撹拌することで、白金粒子と銀粒子とを含む薬剤を得た。得られた薬剤中の金属粒子の平均粒子径をゼータ電位測定装置（ゼータサイザーナノＺＳ９０、Ｍａｌｖｅｒｎ社製）で測定したところ、１００ｎｍであり、白金粒子と銀粒子の質量比率は６：４であった。また、薬剤において、水に対する白金粒子及び銀粒子の含有量は、ＩＣＰ−ＭＳ（パーキンエルマー社製ElanDRCII）で確認したところ、１６６質量ｐｐｍであり、そのうち白金が１００質量ｐｐｍ、銀が６６質量ｐｐｍであった。 Next, the entire amount of the aqueous solution containing the platinum complex was added dropwise to the aqueous solution containing the silver complex over 60 minutes with stirring, and after the completion of the addition, stirring was continued for another 60 minutes to obtain a mixed solution. About 0.6 mL of a 50% aqueous citric acid solution was added dropwise to the obtained mixture to adjust the pH of the mixture to 4, and the mixture was further stirred for 60 minutes to obtain a drug containing platinum particles and silver particles. .. The average particle size of the metal particles in the obtained drug was measured with a zeta potential measuring device (Zetasizer Nano ZS90, manufactured by Malvern) and found to be 100 nm, and the mass ratio of platinum particles to silver particles was 6: 4. rice field. The content of platinum particles and silver particles in the drug was 166 mass ppm when confirmed by ICP-MS (ElanDRCII manufactured by PerkinElmer), of which platinum was 100 mass ppm and silver was 66 mass ppm. Met.
合成例１−１で得られた薬剤中の粒子のＴＥＭを測定したところ、白金粒子と銀粒子が複合化した粒子の存在が確認された。また、当該複合粒子は、コアシェル構造を有する粒子であることがわかった。ＴＥＭ画像に示されている各粒子の成分分析をエネルギー分散形Ｘ線分光法（ＥＤＳ）によって行ったところ、コアシェル構造において、コアが銀粒子、シェルが白金粒子で形成されていることもわかった。なお、この成分分析では、ＴＥＭ／ＥＤＳ（ＨＩＴＡＣＨＩ Ｈ−７１００、加速電圧１００ｋＶ）を使用した。 When the TEM of the particles in the drug obtained in Synthesis Example 1-1 was measured, the existence of particles in which platinum particles and silver particles were compounded was confirmed. Further, it was found that the composite particle is a particle having a core-shell structure. When the component analysis of each particle shown in the TEM image was performed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), it was also found that the core was formed of silver particles and the shell was formed of platinum particles in the core-shell structure. .. In this component analysis, TEM / EDS (HITACHI H-7100, acceleration voltage 100 kV) was used.
（合成例２−１：白金粒子分散液）
０．３５４ｇの塩化白金酸カリウムを５０ｍＬの純水に溶解して、塩化白金酸カリウム水溶液を調製した。別途、０．２１５ｇのクエン酸ナトリウムを５０ｍＬの純水に溶解し、クエン酸ナトリウム水溶液を調製した。上記の塩化白金酸カリウム水溶液５０ｍＬを９００ｍＬの純水に加えた後、上記のクエン酸ナトリウム水溶液５０ｍＬを加え、約５分間１００ｒｐｍで撹拌して反応させた。その後、５０％クエン酸水溶液約１．０ｍＬ滴下することで液のｐＨを４に調整し、さらに６０分間撹拌することで、白金粒子を含む水分散液を得た。ゼータ電位測定装置で測定した白金粒子の粒子径は１００ｎｍであった。また、ＴＥＭ／ＥＤＳ（ＨＩＴＡＣＨＩ Ｈ−７１００、加速電圧１００ｋＶ）にて測定した白金粒子中の白金の純度は１００％であった。上記方法で得られた分散液の白金濃度をＩＣＰ−ＭＳで確認したところ、白金粒子濃度は１６６質量ｐｐｍであった。
(Synthesis Example 2-1: Platinum particle dispersion)
0.354 g of potassium chloride was dissolved in 50 mL of pure water to prepare an aqueous potassium chloride solution. Separately, 0.215 g of sodium citrate was dissolved in 50 mL of pure water to prepare an aqueous sodium citrate solution. After adding 50 mL of the above potassium chloride aqueous solution to 900 mL of pure water, 50 mL of the above sodium citrate aqueous solution was added, and the mixture was reacted by stirring at 100 rpm for about 5 minutes. Then, about 1.0 mL of a 50% aqueous citric acid solution was added dropwise to adjust the pH of the solution to 4, and the mixture was further stirred for 60 minutes to obtain an aqueous dispersion containing platinum particles. The particle size of the platinum particles measured by the zeta potential measuring device was 100 nm. The purity of platinum in the platinum particles measured by TEM / EDS (HITACHI H-7100, acceleration voltage 100 kV) was 100%. When the platinum concentration of the dispersion obtained by the above method was confirmed by ICP-MS, the platinum particle concentration was 166 mass ppm.
（合成例２−２：銀粒子分散液）
０．２６２ｇの硝酸銀を５０ｍＬの純水に溶解して硝酸銀水溶液を調製した。別途、０．２１５ｇのクエン酸ナトリウムを５０ｍＬの純水に溶解し、クエン酸ナトリウム水溶液を調製した。上記の硝酸銀水溶液５０ｍＬを９００ｍＬの純水に加えた後、上記のクエン酸ナトリウム水溶液を５０ｍＬ加え、約５分間１００ｒｐｍで撹拌して反応させた。その後、５０％クエン酸水溶液約１．０ｍＬ滴下することで液のｐＨを４に調整し、さらに６０分間撹拌することで、銀粒子を含む水分散液を得た。ゼータ電位測定装置で測定した粒子径は１００ｎｍであった。また、ＴＥＭ／ＥＤＳにて測定した銀粒子中の銀の純度は１００％であった。上記方法で得られた分散液の銀粒子濃度をＩＣＰ−ＭＳで確認したところ、銀粒子濃度は１６６質量ｐｐｍであった。
(Synthesis Example 2-2: Silver particle dispersion)
An aqueous silver nitrate solution was prepared by dissolving 0.262 g of silver nitrate in 50 mL of pure water. Separately, 0.215 g of sodium citrate was dissolved in 50 mL of pure water to prepare an aqueous sodium citrate solution. After adding 50 mL of the above silver nitrate aqueous solution to 900 mL of pure water, 50 mL of the above sodium citrate aqueous solution was added, and the mixture was stirred and reacted at 100 rpm for about 5 minutes. Then, about 1.0 mL of a 50% aqueous citric acid solution was added dropwise to adjust the pH of the solution to 4, and the mixture was further stirred for 60 minutes to obtain an aqueous dispersion containing silver particles. The particle size measured by the zeta potential measuring device was 100 nm. The purity of silver in the silver particles measured by TEM / EDS was 100%. When the silver particle concentration of the dispersion obtained by the above method was confirmed by ICP-MS, the silver particle concentration was 166 mass ppm.
［病原微生物試験］
（試験例１−１）
合成例１−１で得た薬剤２００ｍＬを、養蜂に使用する１ｍ２の麻布の両面に噴霧した後、８０℃の雰囲気下で加熱乾燥することで、感染症予防剤を含有する養蜂部材を得た。一方、巣板８枚を装填した巣箱内に健常群に属する１万匹のミツバチの幼虫を収容した。該巣箱の開口部を、前記のように得た養蜂部材で覆うことで巣箱内部を密閉し、ミツバチの幼虫を３か月間飼育した。その後、巣箱中のミツバチの幼虫１０００匹をランダムに採取して、遺伝子検査（栄研化学社が提供するＬＡＭＰ法）により、チョーク病、トウヨウミツバチノゼマ病及びヨーロッパふそ病の感染の有無を検査した。ここで、「健常群」とは、試験前の１万匹のミツバチの幼虫のうち、１００匹の幼虫をサンプリングして、いずれの幼虫も病原微生物を保有していなかったミツバチ群を示す。
[Pathogenic microorganism test]
(Test Example 1-1)
Obtain a drug 200mL obtained in Synthesis Example 1-1, it was sprayed on both sides of the linen 1 m 2 for use in apiculture, by heat drying in an atmosphere of 80 ° C., beekeeping member containing infectious prophylactic rice field. On the other hand, 10,000 honeybee larvae belonging to the healthy group were housed in a nest box loaded with eight nest boards. The inside of the hive was sealed by covering the opening of the hive with the beekeeping member obtained as described above, and honeybee larvae were bred for 3 months. After that, 1000 honeybee larvae in the nest box are randomly collected and genetically tested (LAMP method provided by Eiken Chemical Co., Ltd.) to check for chalk disease, Apis cerana and European scab infection. bottom. Here, the "healthy group" refers to a honeybee group in which 100 larvae of 10,000 honeybee larvae before the test were sampled and none of the larvae carried a pathogenic microorganism.
（試験例１−２）
飼育するミツバチを感染群に変更したこと以外は、試験例１−１と同様の方法で、チョーク病、トウヨウミツバチノゼマ病及びヨーロッパふそ病の感染の有無を検査した。ここで、「感染群」とは、試験前の１万匹のミツバチの幼虫のうち、１００匹の幼虫をサンプリングして、このうち少なくとも２０％の幼虫が病原微生物を保有していたミツバチ群を示す。ただし、感染群においては、ミツバチの幼虫は病原微生物を保有しているが、チョーク病、トウヨウミツバチノゼマ病及びヨーロッパふそ病は発症していない。
(Test Example 1-2)
The presence or absence of infection with chalk disease, Apis cerana disease, and European honeybee disease was examined by the same method as in Test Example 1-1 except that the honeybees to be bred were changed to the infected group. Here, the "infected group" is a group of honeybees in which 100 larvae are sampled from 10,000 honeybee larvae before the test, and at least 20% of the larvae carry pathogenic microorganisms. show. However, in the infected group, honeybee larvae carry pathogenic microorganisms, but chalk disease, Apis cerana disease and European scab have not developed.
（比較試験例１−１）
薬剤を麻布に散布せずに巣箱の開口部を覆うようにしたこと以外は、試験例１−１と同様の方法で、チョーク病、トウヨウミツバチノゼマ病及びヨーロッパふそ病の感染の有無を検査した。
(Comparative Test Example 1-1)
Inspected for infection with chalk disease, Apis cerana disease, and European honeybee disease in the same manner as in Test Example 1-1, except that the drug was not sprayed on linen to cover the opening of the hive. bottom.
（比較試験例１−２）
飼育するミツバチを感染群に変更したこと以外は、比較試験例１−１と同様の方法で、チョーク病、トウヨウミツバチノゼマ病及びヨーロッパふそ病の感染の有無を検査した。
(Comparative Test Example 1-2)
The presence or absence of infection with chalk disease, Apis cerana disease, and European honeybee disease was examined by the same method as in Comparative Test Example 1-1 except that the honeybees to be bred were changed to the infected group.
＜試験結果＞
表１、２及び３にはそれぞれ、各試験例のチョーク病発症率、トウヨウミツバチノゼマ病発症率及びヨーロッパふそ病発症率の結果を示している。
<Test results>
Tables 1, 2 and 3 show the results of the incidence of chalk disease, the incidence of Apis cerana disease and the incidence of European honeybee disease in each test example, respectively.
表１から、健常群、感染群のいずれにおいても、感染症予防剤を含有する養蜂部材を使用してミツバチを飼育した場合、チョーク病感染への抑制効果が認められた。 From Table 1, in both the healthy group and the infected group, when honeybees were bred using beekeeping members containing an infectious disease preventive agent, an inhibitory effect on chalk disease infection was observed.
表２に示すように、トウヨウミツバチノゼマ病については、発症率そのものが非常に少なく差が小さいものの、健常群において感染症予防剤を含有する養蜂部材の効果が見られた。感染群では感染症予防剤を含有する養蜂部材を使用することで、トウヨウミツバチノゼマ病に対する感染抑制の効果が認められた。 As shown in Table 2, for Apis cerana disease, the incidence rate itself was very small and the difference was small, but the effect of the beekeeping member containing an infectious disease preventive agent was observed in the healthy group. In the infected group, the effect of suppressing infection against Apis cerana was observed by using a beekeeping member containing an infectious disease preventive agent.
表３から、健常群及び感染群のいずれにおいてもヨーロッパふそ病発症率は低い水準であり、感染群であっても、感染症予防剤を含有する養蜂部材を使用することで、ヨーロッパふそ病の感染が抑制されることがわかった。特に、健常群及び感染群のいずれにおいてもミツバチは、ヨーロッパふそ病を発症しなかった。 From Table 3, the incidence of European scab is low in both the healthy group and the infected group, and even in the infected group, by using a beekeeping member containing an infectious disease preventive agent, European scab can be detected. It was found that the infection was suppressed. In particular, honeybees did not develop European scab in either the healthy or infected groups.
以上より、白金粒子及び銀粒子を含む感染症予防剤を含有する養蜂部材を用いて蜂を飼育することで、蜂に対する各種感染症の予防効果が実証され、当該養蜂部材は、蜂に対する感染症予防用途に適していることがわかった。 From the above, breeding bees using a beekeeping member containing an infectious disease preventive agent containing platinum particles and silver particles has demonstrated the preventive effect on various infectious diseases against bees, and the beekeeping member is an infectious disease against bees. It turned out to be suitable for preventive use.
Claims (4)
蜂に対して、病原微生物に起因する感染症の予防に用いられ、
白金粒子及び銀粒子を含む感染症予防剤を含有する、養蜂部材。 Beekeeping material for infectious disease prevention
Used to prevent infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms against bees
A beekeeping member containing an infectious disease preventive agent containing platinum particles and silver particles.
白金粒子及び銀粒子を含む薬剤を養蜂部材に処理する工程を備える、蜂に対する感染症予防方法。 A method of preventing infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms against bees,
A method for preventing infectious diseases against bees, which comprises a step of treating a beekeeping member with a drug containing platinum particles and silver particles.
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