JP2021105493A - Heat treatment device for carbonaceous grain and method therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a heat treatment device for carbonaceous grains, before carbonaceous grains are heat-treated, preventing the oxidation thereof and a method therefor.SOLUTION: A heat treatment device for carbonaceous grains comprises a charge part 10 provided at the upper part of a furnace body 21 and having an opening part charging carbonaceous grains to the furnace body 21, a combustion chamber 23 provided at the upper part of the furnace body 21 and charged with the carbonaceous grains and a chimney 231 provided at the combustion chamber 23 and exhausting a combustion gas at the inside of the combustion chamber 23 to the outside. The opening part is provided so as to be separated by a prescribed distance from the bottom part of the combustion chamber 23.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a heat treatment apparatus for carbonaceous granules and a method thereof.

Since the physical characteristics of carbonaceous granules such as anthracite granules, coke granules, carbonaceous granules, and mixed granules of metal oxide and carbon change significantly depending on the heat treatment temperature, raw materials for electrodes and carbonic refractories. , When used as an electronic material or a battery material, uniform heat treatment is required. Further, even when a mixture of a metal oxide and carbon is reduced by heat treatment to obtain carbides of various metals, it is indispensable to heat-treat uniformly in order to ensure the desired reaction.

Therefore, conventionally, a method of continuously heat-treating carbonaceous granules such as anthracite granules at about 1500 ° C. to 2000 ° C. by putting them into a vertical electroheat treatment furnace and directly energizing the carbonaceous granules is an electric roasting technique. Widely used as. Further, Patent Document 1 discloses a method of uniformly graphitizing at about 3000 ° C.

JP-A-2002-167208

Anthracite and coke, which are the materials for carbonaceous granules, may contain volatile substances depending on the degree of calcining. Furthermore, uncalcined anthracite and raw coke contain a relatively large amount of volatile substances. When the carbonaceous granule is a granulated body, it contains a binder component added in the granulation step. The carbonaceous granules are heat-treated inside the furnace body, and the volatile substances and binder components contained in the carbonaceous granules are volatilized by this heat treatment. In addition, gas may be generated by reacting in the process of heat treatment. Since the gas composed of volatilized volatile substances and binder components and the gas generated by the reaction in the heat treatment process are hot, they rise inside the furnace body, and since these gases are flammable, the inside of the furnace body or its It burns at the input part of the carbonaceous granules provided above. Then, the ignition of the flammable gas or the heat of combustion thereof unintentionally oxidizes the carbonaceous particles before the heat treatment, so that a desired heat-treated product may not be obtained during the heat treatment. In addition, when the oxidation is severe, the plastids are pulverized, and when the plastids enter the furnace, for example, the filling degree of the plastids in the furnace changes, and the heat treatment for the plastids becomes non-uniform. There is a risk of causing troubles such as becoming. If the oxidation progresses further, the carbonaceous granules themselves disappear, and there is a risk that the production efficiency will be significantly reduced.

In order to suppress the combustion of such flammable gas, a method of filling the inside of the furnace body with an inert gas can be considered. However, in the case of a heat treatment apparatus of a scale suitable for mass production, the amount of carbonaceous particles used is large, and the amount of flammable gas generated from the carbonic particles is also large. In order to suppress the combustion of such a large amount of flammable gas, a large amount of inert gas is required, which is not economical and efficient. Further, in the case of a vertical heat treatment furnace in which heat treatment is continuously performed while lowering the carbonaceous granules, the carbonaceous granules are often supplied from the upper part of the furnace body. When the flammable gas burns above the inside of the furnace body, the carbonaceous particles before charging and the device for charging the carbonaceous particles into the inside of the furnace body above the carbonaceous particles are exposed to the heat of combustion. .. As a result, flammable gas is generated from the carbonaceous granules before charging, and the carbonaceous granules are oxidized by the ignition of the combustible gas or the heat of combustion thereof. As a result, the intended heat treatment cannot be performed, and a desired heat-treated product may not be obtained. In addition, this combustion heat causes malfunction, failure, and deterioration of the device for charging carbonaceous particles.

Further, when the flammable gas burns above the inside of the furnace body, an updraft is generated inside the furnace body due to the draft effect of the gas generated from the carbonaceous granules. When an updraft is generated due to the draft effect, a force for sucking air from the outside is generated inside the furnace body. If this updraft is non-uniform, the temperature inside the furnace will be uneven, and the quality of the heat-treated product will vary. In particular, when the vertical heat treatment furnace is a vertical electric heat treatment furnace of the direct energization heating method, if air is sucked from the outside, the change in the temperature inside the furnace creates a drift in which a current flows locally in the direct energization. There is a risk that the desired heat-treated product cannot be obtained.

An object of the present invention is to provide a heat treatment apparatus for carbonaceous particles and a method thereof for preventing the carbonic particles from being oxidized before being heat-treated in order to solve the above problems.

The heat treatment apparatus for carbonaceous granules of the present invention has the following configuration.
(1) A heat treatment apparatus for carbonaceous particles that heat-treats the carbonaceous particles put into the furnace body.
(2) A charging portion provided above the furnace body and having an opening for charging the carbonaceous particles into the furnace body is provided.
(3) It is provided in the upper part of the furnace body and includes a combustion chamber into which the carbonaceous particles are charged.
(4) The combustion chamber is provided with a chimney that discharges the combustion gas inside the combustion chamber to the outside.
(5) The opening is provided at a predetermined distance from the bottom of the combustion chamber.

The carbonaceous plastid heat treatment apparatus of the present invention may further have the following configuration.
(1) The charging portion includes a skirt that penetrates the upper surface of the combustion chamber and projects toward the inside of the combustion chamber, and the opening is provided at the lower end of the skirt.

(2) The charging section is provided with a plurality of raw material bottles into which the carbonaceous particles are charged, and below the plurality of raw material bottles and above the skirt, and the carbonic particles charged from the plurality of raw material bottles. The skirt and the charging hopper both have a double structure.

(3) A plurality of the chimneys are provided, and the plurality of the chimneys are arranged at equal intervals concentrically with the central axis of the combustion chamber.

(4) Further provided with a gas blowing hole for blowing an inert gas from below the furnace body into the inside of the furnace body.

(5) A discharge unit for discharging the heat-treated carbonaceous particles and a valve for discharging the carbonic particles discharged from the discharge unit to the outside are further provided.

(6) A cylindrical upper electrode and a cylindrical lower electrode arranged vertically on the central axis of the furnace body, and a conductivity electrically connected to the upper end of the lower electrode so as to surround the upper electrode. The combustion chamber is provided in the upper part of the tubular structure and communicates with the inside of the tubular structure, and the upper electrode and the lower electrode are the carbonaceous particles inside the tubular structure. The heat treatment is performed by directly energizing the.

The heat treatment method for carbonaceous granules of the present invention has the following constitution.
(1) This is a heat treatment method for carbonaceous particles, which is used to heat-treat the carbonic particles charged into the furnace body.
(2) The carbonaceous fluid is charged into the combustion chamber provided in the upper part of the furnace body.
(3) The carbonaceous granules are deposited in the combustion chamber.
(4) The gas contained in the carbonaceous granules volatilized from the surface of the deposited portion is burned on the surface.
(5) This combustion gas is discharged to the outside of the furnace body.

In the present invention, the carbonaceous particles are heat-treated even if they are carbonaceous particles containing volatile substances and binder components that volatilize to become flammable gas, or carbonaceous particles that generate flammable gas by a reaction in the heat treatment process. Since it is possible to prevent oxidation before the process and obtain a desired heat-treated product, it is possible to improve productivity.

The side view which shows the heat treatment apparatus of the carbonaceous granules which concerns on 1st Embodiment. The plan view which shows the input part which concerns on 1st Embodiment. The side view which shows the input part which concerns on 1st Embodiment. The side view which shows the charging hopper and the skirt which concerns on 1st Embodiment. The flowchart which shows the operation of the heat treatment apparatus for carbonaceous granules which concerns on 1st Embodiment.

[1. First Embodiment]
[1-1. Constitution]
[Carbonate plastids]
First, the carbonaceous granule A used in the heat treatment apparatus for the carbonaceous granules according to the first embodiment will be described. As the carbonaceous granule A, granules such as anthracite granules, coke granules, and granules composed of a mixture thereof, and granules of a mixture of a metal oxide and carbon can be used. Further, the anthracite and coke may include those that have not been calsigned (temporarily burned), and the coke includes petroleum coke, coal coke, fluid coke, needle coke and the like. The anthracite granules and coke granules are granules of, for example, about 10 mm to 20 mm, which are obtained by crushing massive anthracite or coke. The granulated material is formed by mixing a binder or water with raw materials such as anthracite or coke-derived carbon powder, artificial graphite powder, and metal oxide, and is formed by a granulator such as a disc peretta, and further undergoes a drying process. It is a hardened granule. As the binder, for example, starch powder, particularly α-cornstarch powder can be used. Pitch, phenol resin, other synthetic polymer compounds, water-soluble polysaccharides and the like can also be used as the binder as long as it can be cured or carbonized. The carbonaceous granule A of the present embodiment is a columnar body having a smooth surface, a diameter of about 10 mm, and a height of 10 mm to 15 mm. In the present embodiment, the carbonaceous plastid A is directly energized to generate Joule heat and heat-treated.

[Heat treatment equipment]
Next, the heat treatment apparatus for carbonaceous granules according to the first embodiment will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a side view showing the configuration of the heat treatment apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment. The heat treatment apparatus 1 includes a furnace body 21 that heat-treats the carbonaceous granules A. The furnace body 21 of the present embodiment includes a direct energization heating method in which heat treatment is performed by directly energizing, and an indirect heating method in which a heat source is provided on the outer peripheral portion and the furnace core tube and the heating container are heated from the outside to heat the heat. Can be used. In the following, the furnace body 21 will be described as a vertical electroheat treatment furnace of a direct energization heating method. The heat treatment apparatus 1 continuously heat-treats the carbonaceous particles A by energizing the carbonaceous particles A charged from above the furnace body 21 while gradually descending inside the furnace body 21. In this heat treatment apparatus 1, a charging unit 10 for charging the carbonic particles A into the furnace body 21, a heat treatment unit 20 for heat-treating the charged carbonaceous particles A, and a cooling unit for cooling the heat-treated carbonaceous particles A are provided. 30 and. The charging unit 10, the heat treatment unit 20, and the cooling unit 30 are sequentially provided from above to below the furnace body 21. Further, the furnace body 21 constitutes a part of the heat treatment section 20. It is assumed that the carbonaceous granule A fills at least a part of the inside of the furnace body 21 and the inside of the charging section 10 and the cooling section 30. In the present specification, the term "upper" refers to the direction against gravity, and the term "lower" refers to the direction following gravity.

[Input section]
The charging unit 10 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4. The charging section 10 charges the carbonaceous granules A into the furnace body 21 from above, and follows the charging path of the carbonaceous particles A, and follows the charging path of the carbonaceous particles A, and follows the charging path of the carbonaceous particles A. It is equipped with 15 and a skirt 16.

The gantry 11 is provided on the upper part of the loading portion 10 and is a pedestal on which the flexible container bag lifted by a crane or the like is placed. The flexible container bag contains carbonaceous particles A to be heat-treated, and the carbonaceous particles A are charged into the distribution hopper 12 from the flexible container bag. The distribution hopper 12 is a container that distributes the charged carbonaceous granules A through holes provided on the bottom surface. The distribution hopper 12 of the present embodiment is provided with, for example, one hole at each of the four corners of the bottom surface of a substantially rectangular shape. Each of these four holes is provided with a cone portion 121 extending downward from the edge of the hole in a funnel shape. The lower ends of each cone portion 121 are all open. The carbonaceous granules A charged into the distribution hopper 12 descend from these four holes inside the cone portion 121 and are discharged onto the feeders 13 provided immediately below the openings at the lower ends of the cone portion 121.

The feeder 13 is a mechanism and a route for feeding the carbonaceous granules A from the distribution hopper 12 to the raw material bottle 14. The feeder 13 has a function of removing fine powder contained in the carbonaceous particle A. In the present embodiment, for example, a sieve having an opening of 4 mm or more is provided on the path of the feeder 13. The sieve is, for example, a metal mesh or punching metal. That is, the feeder 13 can remove the fine powder contained in the carbonaceous particle A in the process of sending out the carbonic particle A. Further, the feeder 13 may be a vibration feeder having a vibration function by, for example, an electromagnetic vibration method. When the feeder 13 is a vibration feeder, the carbonaceous particles A can be sent out while vibrating on the feeder 13, so that fine powder can be more effectively removed from the sieve provided on the path. Further, the feeder 13 and the raw material bin 14 face each other via an insulator 13a made of, for example, a rubber tube, a rubber plate, or a porcelain plate. When the heat treatment apparatus 1 is in operation, it is preferable that the feeder 13 and the raw material bin 14 are connected via the insulator 13a to prevent dust and the like from entering from the outside.

The raw material bottle 14 is a container for containing the carbonaceous granules A. The material of the raw material bottle 14 is preferably a material having excellent durability and corrosion resistance. In particular, when the material of the raw material bottle 14 is a steel material, there is a risk that rust or the like of the steel material may be mixed into the furnace. Therefore, as the material of the raw material bottle 14, for example, heat-resistant stainless steel, particularly SUS310S, is suitable. The raw material bottle 14 includes a cylindrical cylindrical portion 141 that receives the carbonaceous granules A from the feeder 13, and a cone portion 142 that is provided below the cylindrical portion and narrows downward. Since the cylindrical portion 141 and the cone portion 142 are internally connected and the lower portion of the cone portion 142 is open, the carbonaceous granule A sent out from the feeder 13 can descend inside the raw material bottle 14. A full meter and a flow meter (not shown) or sensors having the same function are installed inside the raw material bin 14, and the amount and flow rate of the plastid A inside the raw material bin 14 and the operation of the feeder 13 By adjusting the amount to be sent out from the feeder 13 in conjunction with the stop, the carbonaceous granules A inside the raw material bin 14 can be maintained at an arbitrary amount or flow rate. An opening / closing damper (not shown) for opening / closing the opening is provided at the lower part of the cone portion 142, and the descent of the carbonaceous particle A is temporarily stopped here when switching the type of the carbonaceous particle A or in case of trouble. Can be done. The cone angle of the cone portion 142 is, for example, 30 ° or less, and particularly preferably 15 ° or less.

Four raw material bottles 14 of the present embodiment are provided corresponding to the number of distributions, that is, the four holes, in which the distribution hopper 12 distributes the carbonaceous granules A. The four raw material bins 14 are arranged at equal intervals on substantially concentric circles of the central axis of the furnace body 21 provided below the raw material bins 14. That is, the four raw material bins 14 are provided at each 90 ° inscribed angle on the circumference centered on the central axis. It should be noted that the approximate concentric circle means that the dimensional error of each configuration and the error related to the assembly are concentric circles.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the distribution hopper 12 of the present embodiment is not arranged directly above the four raw material bins 14. In other words, the distribution hopper 12 is provided at a position separated from the central axis of the furnace body 21 provided below the distribution hopper 12 in the outer peripheral direction of the furnace body 21. Along with this, the plurality of feeders 13 are provided so as to extend in the direction connecting the distribution hopper 12 and the raw material bin 14, or in the substantially horizontal direction in the present embodiment. That is, the more the distribution hopper 12 is separated from directly above the four raw material bins 14, the longer the path length of the feeder 13. As shown in FIG. 2, although the path lengths of the feeders 13 are different from each other, even the shortest one can sufficiently remove fine powder. The length of the shortest feeder 13 is, for example, 70 cm.

As shown in FIG. 4, the charging hopper 15 provided below the raw material bottle 14 is a truncated cone-shaped container having openings 151 and 152 at its upper and lower ends, respectively, and its inner diameter is narrowed downward. waiting. The skirt 16 provided at the lower part of the charging hopper 15 is a truncated cone-shaped or cylindrical container having an opening 161 and 162 at the upper and lower ends thereof and having an inner diameter narrowed downward. The opening 152 of the charging hopper 15 and the opening 161 of the skirt 16 are continuously provided. Further, the charging hopper 15 and the skirt 16 are both provided coaxially with the central axis of the furnace body 21.

The charging hopper 15 and the skirt 16 are preferably double-structured containers having heat insulating properties. By having a double structure having heat insulating properties, radiant heat and heat transfer from the heat treatment unit 20 can be alleviated. The material of the charging hopper 15 and the skirt 16 is preferably a material having excellent durability and corrosion resistance. In particular, when the material of the charging hopper 15 and the skirt 16 is a steel material, there is a risk that rust or the like of the steel material may be mixed into the furnace. Therefore, as the material of the charging hopper 15 and the skirt 16, for example, heat-resistant stainless steel, particularly SUS310S, is suitable. Further, the internal space of the double structure may be used as an air layer as it is as a cavity, but air or cooling gas may be blown into the internal space, or a heat insulating material may be embedded therein.

The charging hopper 15 and the skirt 16 temporarily store the carbonaceous particles A discharged from the raw material bottle 14 and put them into the heat treatment section 20, but as shown in FIG. 1, the charging hopper 15 and the skirt 16 The upper electrode 22, which will be described later, penetrates inside.

[Heat treatment section]
The heat treatment section 20 is provided in the furnace body 21, the upper electrode 22, the combustion chamber 23 for temporarily storing the carbonaceous particles A charged from the skirt 16, and the lower part of the combustion chamber 23, and is provided in the carbonaceous particles A. A tubular structure 24 that lowers the inside thereof, a lower electrode 25 that is provided under the tubular structure 24 and lowers the inside of the carbonaceous particle A, and an inner peripheral surface of the furnace body 21 and the tubular structure 24 and the lower part. A heat insulating layer 26 existing between the electrode 25 and the outer peripheral surface thereof is provided. That is, the carbonaceous granules A in the heat treatment section 20 descend in the order of the combustion chamber 23, the tubular structure 24, and the lower electrode 25.

The furnace body 21 is a cylindrical furnace shell lined with a refractory (not shown). The refractory is, for example, a refractory brick. A columnar upper electrode 22 that directly energizes the carbonaceous granule A is provided on the central axis of the furnace body 21. The upper electrode 22 penetrates the inside of the charging hopper 15 and the skirt 16 provided above the furnace body 21, the inside of the combustion chamber 23, and extends to the inside of the tubular structure 24.

Inside the furnace body 21, a combustion chamber 23 is provided so as to surround the upper electrode 22. The combustion chamber 23 is a cylindrical space for temporarily storing the carbonaceous particles A charged from the skirt 16 of the charging portion 10 described above. The inner space of the combustion chamber 23 has a tubular structure whose bottom surface is formed by an inner peripheral surface of the furnace body 21 on its side surface and by a furnace lid 211 whose upper surface is connected to the outer peripheral surface of the skirt 16 and the upper inner peripheral surface of the furnace body 21. It is defined by the upper surface of the heat insulating layer 26 existing on the outer peripheral surface of the body 24. The furnace lid 211 is made of, for example, a heat-resistant board, but may be made of a steel material lined with casters or a refractory material. As the heat insulating board, for example, a molded body made of heat-resistant fibers may be used. Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the skirt 16 penetrates the upper surface of the combustion chamber 23 and protrudes into the combustion chamber 23, and the opening 162 provided at the lower end of the skirt 16 is defined as the bottom surface of the combustion chamber 23. It is separated in the vertical direction by the distance of. This predetermined distance is, for example, 30 to 100 cm, preferably 50 to 80 cm. By adjusting the predetermined distance and the diameter of the opening 162 of the skirt 16, the carbonaceous granules A are deposited so as to exist continuously in a weight shape from the opening 162 to the bottom of the combustion chamber 23.

The chimney 231 is provided in the combustion chamber 23. In particular, it is preferable that a plurality of cylindrical combustion chambers 23 are provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. To provide a plurality of combustion chambers at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, for example, if two are provided, every 180 °, if three are provided, every 120 °, if four are provided, every 90 °, the center of the combustion chamber 23. It means that a plurality of chimneys 231 are provided around the shaft. In this embodiment, two chimneys 231 are provided every 180 °.

A conductive tubular structure 24 is provided in the lower part of the combustion chamber 23 so as to surround at least a part of the upper electrode 22. The tubular structure 24 is made of, for example, artificial graphite. The tubular structure 24 is provided with openings 241 and 242 at the upper and lower ends thereof, and communicates with the combustion chamber 23 by the opening 241 and the inside of the lower electrode 25 provided at the lower part of the tubular structure 24 by the opening 242, respectively. ing. The lower electrode 25 is a cylindrical electrode provided below the tubular structure 24 so as to face the upper electrode 22 and to be separated downward by a predetermined distance. The lower electrode 25 is provided with openings 251 and 252 at its upper and lower ends, respectively. The opening 251 of the lower electrode 25 is electrically connected to the opening 242 of the tubular structure 24 by a support ring (not shown). Therefore, when the upper electrode 22 and the lower electrode 25 are energized, a heating zone is formed from the opening 241 of the tubular structure 24 to the opening 251 of the lower electrode 25. In other words, the carbonaceous granule A is heat-treated inside the tubular structure 24 by energizing the upper electrode 22 and the lower electrode 25. The upper electrode 22, the combustion chamber 23, the tubular structure 24, the openings 241, 242, the lower electrode 25, and the openings 251, 252 of the heat treatment unit 20 are all provided coaxially with the central axis of the furnace body 21. Is preferable.

A heat insulating layer 26 made of, for example, carbon black is provided between the outer peripheral surfaces of the tubular structure 24 and the lower electrode 25 and the inner peripheral surface of the furnace body 21. The heat insulating layer 26 blocks heat generated around the tubular structure 24 and the lower electrode 25 from the outside.

[Cooling unit]
The cooling unit 30 is provided with a cylindrical water-cooled jacket 31, a discharge unit 32, and a valve 33. The water-cooled jacket 31 and the discharge unit 32 are provided with pipes (not shown) through which cooling water flows. The carbonaceous granules A discharged from the heat treatment unit 20 are cooled by passing through the inside of the water-cooled jacket 31. Further, near the upper end of the water-cooled jacket 31, a gas blowing hole 311 for blowing an inert gas such as argon gas or nitrogen gas into the lower electrode 25 and the tubular structure 24 is provided. It is preferable that a plurality of gas blowing holes 311 are provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the water-cooled jacket 31. The center of the water-cooled jacket 31 is provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, for example, every 180 ° if two are provided, every 120 ° if three are provided, and every 90 ° if four are provided. This means that a plurality of gas blowing holes 311 are provided around the shaft. For example, four gas blowing holes 311 of the present embodiment are provided every 90 °.

The discharge unit 32 sends the carbonaceous granules A cooled inside the water-cooled jacket 31 to the valve 33 having excellent airtightness. The discharge unit 32 is, for example, a swivel blade type quantitative discharge device that adjusts the flow rate and the discharge amount of the carbonaceous particles A per unit time in the heat treatment unit 20 and the water-cooled jacket 31. The swivel blade type quantitative discharge device receives the weight information of the carbonaceous plastid A discharged from the valve 33, which will be described later, from a weight scale (load cell) (not shown) provided at the discharge destination of the valve 33, and the weight information. The rotational speed of the swivel blade can be adjusted according to the change in the above, and the emission amount of the carbonaceous plastid A can be adjusted accordingly. This adjustment may be performed by setting an arbitrary weight measurement time, for example, every minute. Further, the discharge unit 32 has a closed structure such that there is no opening other than the discharge port for discharging the carbonaceous particles A to the valve 33, and the pressure measurement sensor 321 is provided. The pressure measurement sensor 321 can measure the internal pressure inside the heat treatment unit 20 and the water-cooled jacket 31. When the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the furnace body 21 is 25 to 200 Pa, the possibility of sucking air into the furnace from the outside of the furnace body 21 is reduced.

The valve 33 discharges the carbonaceous granules A discharged from the discharge unit 32 from the heat treatment apparatus 1. In other words, the cooling unit 30 has a double discharge structure including a discharge unit 32 and a valve 33. The path space of the carbonaceous plastid A from the discharge portion 32 to the valve 33 is sealed.

The valve 33 has a closed space inside and can serve as a so-called airlock. The term "sealing" as used herein refers to airtightness to the extent that pressure can be separated from the outside by the valve 33, and includes cases where the valve 33 is not completely sealed. The valve 33 is, for example, a rotary valve. In this way, by arranging the valve 33 having excellent airtightness after the discharge part 32, the airtightness inside the heat treatment part 20 and the cooling part 30 is improved.

[1-2. Action]
The operation of the heat treatment apparatus 1 of the present embodiment will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. First, the flexible container bag containing the carbonaceous particles A is lifted by a crane or the like and placed on a pedestal 11 provided on the upper part of the loading portion 10 (step S01). The carbonaceous granules A contained in the flexible container bag are charged into the distribution hopper 12. The charged carbonaceous granule A descends downward from the four holes and the four cone portions 121 provided at the four corners of the distribution hopper 12, and the feeders provided directly below the outlets of the four cone portions 121, respectively. It is spit out to 13. The carbonaceous granules A on each feeder 13 are sent to the corresponding raw material bottle 14. At this time, in the process of the feeder 13 sending out the carbonaceous particles A, the fine powder contained in the carbonic particles A is classified through a sieve provided on the route of the feeder 13 and removed from a route (not shown). .. This fine powder is generated in the process of transporting the carbonaceous particle A, but it is desirable to remove it from the carbonic particle A to be heat-treated as much as possible. When this fine powder enters the heat treatment section 20 in a state where it has entered the gaps of the carbonaceous particles A, the filling degree and fluidity inside the furnace body 21 change locally, and the electrical resistivity becomes non-uniform. This is because there is a risk of causing blockage in the furnace and drift flow during energization as described in the subject of the specification.

The carbonaceous granule A from which the fine powder has been removed descends inside the raw material bottle 14. In this way, the carbonaceous granules A are distributed into four parts in the distribution hopper 12, the feeder 13, and the raw material bottle 14 and descend (step S02).

The carbonaceous granules A discharged from the four raw material bottles 14 are introduced into the combustion chamber 23 of the heat treatment section 20 through the opening 162 of the skirt 16 by descending inside the charging hopper 15 and the skirt 16. More specifically, since the upper electrode 22 described later penetrates inside the charging hopper 15 and the skirt 16, the carbonaceous granule A is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the charging hopper 15 and the skirt 16 and the upper electrode 22. It is sewn down from the outer peripheral surface and is charged into the combustion chamber 23 (step S03).

Since the opening 162 of the skirt 16 and the bottom surface of the combustion chamber 23 are separated in the vertical direction by a predetermined distance, the carbonaceous plastid A charged from the opening 162 of the skirt 16 is placed around the upper electrode 22. Inside the combustion chamber 23, for example, it forms a rest angle and accumulates in a weight shape, and a part of it descends into the tubular structure 24. More specifically, since the upper electrode 22 penetrates the inside of the tubular structure 24, the carbonaceous granule A sews down between the outer peripheral surface of the upper electrode 22 and the inner peripheral surface of the tubular structure 24. (Step S04).

By the way, since the temperature inside the combustion chamber 23 and the upper part inside the furnace body 21 are relatively high, flammable gas is generated from the binder contained in the carbonaceous plastid A. Further, the carbon powder which is the raw material of the carbonaceous granule A may contain a volatile substance, and this volatile substance volatilizes to become a flammable gas. These flammable gases burn inside the high temperature combustion chamber 23. When this combustion gas is exhausted from the chimney 231 provided in the combustion chamber 23, a draft effect is generated inside the combustion chamber 23 and the furnace body 21, and an updraft is generated. By this updraft, the flammable gas is attracted to the cone surface of the carbonaceous granule A and burns on the cone surface. Further, an inert gas such as argon gas or nitrogen gas is injected into the carbonaceous granule A inside the furnace body 21 from the gas blowing hole 311 below. Therefore, the combustion of the flammable gas stops at the surface of the cone formed by the carbonaceous particle A inside the combustion chamber 23, and does not proceed to the inside of the carbonic particle A. In other words, carbonaceous plastid A oxidizes only the surface of the cone and does not oxidize the inside of the cone. As described above, by oxidizing the carbonaceous particle A only on the surface of the cone, it is possible to prevent the oxidation of the carbonic particle A that descends from the skirt 16 to the inside of the tubular structure 24 through the inside of the cone.

In this embodiment, two chimneys 231 are provided every 180 °. By arranging them at equal intervals in this way, there is no bias in the generation of drafts inside the combustion chamber 23, and there is no bias in the path through which the flammable gas generated from the carbonaceous plastid A rises inside the carbonaceous plastid A. , The temperature of the carbonaceous plastid A inside the furnace body 21 also becomes uniform.

By energizing the upper electrode 22 and the lower electrode 25, the carbonaceous granules A descending inside the tubular structure 24 are directly energized and heat-treated by the Joule heat generated in the carbonaceous granules A (step S05). By this heat treatment, the carbonaceous granule A is graphitized. The heat-treated carbonaceous granule A descends inside the lower electrode 25, is discharged from the opening 252 to the cooling unit 30, is cooled by the water-cooled jacket 31 of the cooling unit 30, and is heat-treated by the discharge unit 32 and the valve 33. It is discharged from 1 (step S06).

[1-3. effect]
(1) Since the opening 162 of the skirt 16 provided in the charging portion 10 of the heat treatment apparatus 1 of the present embodiment is separated from the bottom of the combustion chamber 23 by a predetermined distance, the carbonaceous particles charged from the opening 162 A can be deposited in a weight shape so as to be continuous from the opening 162 to the bottom of the combustion chamber 23. Further, the combustion chamber 23 is provided with a chimney 231. As a result, the flammable gas generated from the carbonaceous particle A due to the draft effect generated inside the furnace body 21 is attracted to the surface of the cone of the carbonic particle A and burns on the surface of the cone. When this combustion gas is discharged from the chimney 231 to the outside, the flammable gas is continuously attracted to the surface of the cone of the carbonaceous granule A and burned. Therefore, the combustion range of the flammable gas is limited to the surface of the cone, and the accompanying oxidation of the carbonaceous granule A is limited to the surface of the cone. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the possibility that the carbonaceous granules A falling inside the tubular structure 24 will be oxidized before the heat treatment is performed.

(2) The skirt 16 of the heat treatment apparatus 1 of the present embodiment projects into the combustion chamber 23. As a result, as compared with the case where the opening 162 is directly provided on the upper surface of the combustion chamber 23, if the distance from the opening 162 to the bottom of the combustion chamber 23 is equal, the space inside the combustion chamber 23 for burning the combustible gas is secured. can do.

Further, when the opening 162 is provided directly on the upper surface of the combustion chamber 23 without providing the skirt 16, the distance from the opening 162 to the bottom of the combustion chamber 23 becomes long, so that carbon deposited in a weight shape inside the combustion chamber 23. The amount of plastid A increases. The carbonaceous granules A deposited in the shape of a weight do not enter the furnace and are not heat-treated products, resulting in a large amount of waste.

(3) In the case of a vertical electric heat treatment furnace of the direct energization heating method, the heat treatment temperature in the heat treatment section is as high as about 3000 ° C. Therefore, the skirt mechanically connected to the heat treatment section and the charging adjacent to the skirt. The hopper tends to get relatively hot. Further, when the material containing a volatile substance (carbonaceous granule A) is heat-treated, the flammable gas is burned in the combustion chamber 23. Then, the carbonaceous particles descending inside the charging hopper and the skirt are heated, and the binder contained in the carbonic particles A is vaporized inside the charging hopper 15 and the skirt 16 to generate a flammable gas. When this flammable gas ignites, the carbonaceous particles inside the charging hopper 15 and the skirt 16 are exposed to the heat of combustion before entering the heat treatment section and are oxidized, so that a desired heat-treated product is obtained during the heat treatment in the heat treatment section. There is a risk that it will not be possible. Therefore, in the heat treatment apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, the charging hopper 15 and the skirt 16 have a double structure. As a result, it is possible to prevent the combustion heat of the flammable gas transmitted from the heat treatment unit 20 from reaching the carbonaceous particles A that descend inside the skirt 16 and the charging hopper 15. As a result, it is possible to prevent the generation of flammable gas from the carbonaceous particle A before the heat treatment and the oxidation of the carbonic particle A due to its ignition or combustion heat.

Further, since the influence of heat on the charging hopper 15 is also reduced, the heat to each configuration for charging the carbonaceous particles A such as the feeder 13 located above the charging hopper 15 is blocked. Therefore, the risk of malfunction or failure of these configurations can be reduced.

(4) A plurality of chimneys 231 are provided in the combustion chamber 23 of the heat treatment apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, and the plurality of chimneys 231 are arranged at equal intervals concentrically with the central axis of the combustion chamber 23. As a result, the bias of the updraft of the high-temperature gas generated inside the furnace body 21 can be eliminated, and the temperature inside the furnace can be made uniform. Therefore, a high-quality heat-treated product can be obtained.

(5) The gas blowing hole 311 of the heat treatment apparatus 1 of the present embodiment can blow the inert gas into the furnace body 21. This makes it possible to prevent the carbonaceous granule A from being oxidized from the inside by the inert gas. Further, the draft effect generated by the combustion of the combustible gas in the combustion chamber 23 lowers the air pressure inside the furnace body 21, but the lowered air pressure can be compensated by blowing the inert gas, so that the furnace body 21 can be compensated. Since the difference in air pressure between the inside and outside of the furnace body is reduced and the risk of sucking outside air into the furnace body 21 is reduced, oxidation of the carbonaceous particle A can be further prevented.

(6) The heat treatment apparatus 1 of the present embodiment includes a valve 33 in addition to the discharge unit 32. Since the valve 33 can serve as a so-called airlock, the airtightness inside the heat treatment section 20 and the cooling section 30 can be improved. By increasing the airtightness inside the heat treatment unit 20 and the cooling unit 30, it is possible to reduce the possibility that air, which causes oxidation of the carbonaceous granules A, enters the furnace from the outside.

(7) The heat treatment apparatus 1 of the present embodiment directly energizes the carbonaceous granules A inside the tubular structure 24 by the upper electrode 22 and the lower electrode 25 to perform heat treatment. In the case of such a vertical electric heat treatment furnace of the direct energization heating method, the drift during energization affects the quality of the heat-treated product, but the heat treatment apparatus 1 of the present embodiment keeps the temperature in the furnace uniform. , It is possible to reduce the drift when energized. Further, since it is possible to reduce the possibility that the local high temperature portion due to the drift flow causes sublimation of carbon, it is possible to reduce the possibility that the heat treatment apparatus 1 is continuously operated for a long period of time to cause internal blockage. ..

[2. Other embodiments]
Although a plurality of embodiments according to the present invention have been described in the present specification, these embodiments are presented as examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The above-described embodiment can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, replacements, and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. These embodiments and modifications thereof are included in the scope and gist of the invention, as well as in the scope of the invention described in the claims and the equivalent scope thereof.

(1) In the above-described embodiment, four raw material bottles 14 are arranged at equal intervals on substantially concentric circles of the central axis of the furnace body 21, but the number of raw material bottles 14 is two, three, or five or more. Also in this case, it is preferable to arrange them at equal intervals on substantially concentric circles of the central axis of the furnace body 21. For example, if two are provided, it is preferable to arrange them every 180 °, if three are provided, they are arranged every 120 °, and if five are provided, they are arranged every 72 °. Needless to say, the number of distribution hoppers 12 and the number of feeders 13 are adjusted according to the number of raw material bottles 14.

(2) In the above-described embodiment, the merit when the charging portion 10 is provided with the skirt 16 has been described, but even when the skirt 16 is provided, the distance between the opening 162 and the bottom of the combustion chamber 23 is extremely short. Since the flow path of the flammable gas becomes relatively narrow, the flammable gas that cannot be completely burned in the combustion chamber 23 passes through the opening 162 and is the upper surface of the carbonaceous plastid A stored in the charging hopper 15. Will burn. In such a state, the carbonaceous granules A, which have been oxidized by the charging hopper 15 and have been pulverized, enter the furnace, which causes troubles caused by the above-mentioned fine powder. Needless to say, if the opening 162 and the inside of the furnace are directly connected without providing the combustion chamber 23 itself, all the combustible gas flows upward through the inside of the skirt 16, further worsening the situation.

As described above, the distance from the opening 162 to the bottom of the combustion chamber 23 affects the flow path of the generated flammable gas, so that the angle of repose formed by the carbonaceous plastids A deposited in a weight shape and the generated flammability It is preferable to determine by the amount of sex gas, the amount of heat treatment, workability, etc., but as a result of diligent studies by the inventors, 30 cm to 100 cm is preferable, and 50 cm to 80 cm is more preferable.

(3) It is preferable that the inner diameter of the opening 162 of the skirt 16 and the inner diameter of the opening for the carbonaceous plastid A to descend from the bottom of the combustion chamber 23 into the furnace are equal. If the inner diameter of the opening 162 is extremely large, the amount of material forming the weight is large, and the amount of material entering the furnace is small, resulting in a large amount of waste. Further, if the inner diameter of the opening 162 is extremely small, the carbonaceous granules A that have been pulverized by combustion enter the furnace, which causes trouble.

(4) In the above-described embodiment, the furnace body 21 is a vertical electroheat treatment furnace of a direct energization heating method. However, for example, indirect heating is provided with a core tube and heat treatment is performed by a heater provided outside the core tube. It may be a vertical heat treatment furnace of the type.

(5) In the above-described embodiment, the combustion chamber 23 and the lower electrode 25 have a cylindrical shape, but a square cylinder shape may also be used.

(6) In the above-described embodiment, the gas blowing hole 311 is provided in the upper part of the water-cooled jacket 31, but a gas blowing hole may be further provided inside the upper electrode 22 in the vertical direction. Similar to the gas blowing hole 311, the inside of the carbonaceous particle A is inactive by blowing an inert gas such as argon gas or nitrogen gas into the tubular structure 24 and the lower electrode 25 from the gas blowing hole. It is filled with gas and can prevent the carbonaceous granule A from reacting with the air flowing in from the outside of the furnace body 21 and being oxidized from the inside.

(7) In the above-described embodiment, the discharge unit 32 is a swivel blade type quantitative discharge device, but any device can be used as long as the discharge amount can be adjusted and the fixed amount can be discharged in a set amount. For example, a rotary disk system or an arbitrary material cutting device can be used. Further, in the above-described embodiment, the load cell is provided at the discharge destination of the valve 33 and the discharge unit 32 is adjusted based on the information. However, the load cell is built in the discharge unit 32 or has a weight measurement function. You may.

(8) In the above-described embodiment, the valve 33 is a rotary valve, but any valve may be used as long as it functions as an airlock when combined with the discharge unit 32. In addition to the rotary valve, for example, a double damper or a triple damper is suitable. The discharge unit 32 and the valve 33 may be any as long as they can secure a certain degree of airtightness, and do not have to ensure complete airtightness.

1 Heat treatment device 10 Input part 11 Stand 12 Distribution hopper 121 Cone part 13 Feeder 13a Insulator 14 Raw material bin 141 Cylindrical part 142 Cone part 15 Charging hopper 151, 152 Opening 16 Skirt 161, 162 Opening 20 Heat treatment part 21 Furnace 211 Furnace lid 22 Upper electrode 23 Combustion chamber 231 Chimney 24 Tubular structure 241, 242 Opening 25 Lower electrode 251, 252 Opening 26 Insulation layer 30 Cooling part 31 Water cooling jacket 311 Gas blowing hole 32 Discharge part 321 Pressure measurement sensor Valve A Carbonaceous granules

Claims (8)

It is a heat treatment device for carbonaceous granules that heat-treats carbonaceous granules put into the furnace body.
A charging section provided above the furnace body and provided with an opening for charging the carbonaceous granules into the furnace body.
A combustion chamber provided in the upper part of the furnace body into which the carbonaceous granules are charged, and
A chimney provided in the combustion chamber and discharging the combustion gas inside the combustion chamber to the outside,
With
The opening is provided at a predetermined distance from the bottom of the combustion chamber.
Heat treatment equipment for carbonaceous plastids. The input section is
A skirt that penetrates the upper surface of the combustion chamber and projects toward the inside of the combustion chamber is provided.
The opening is provided at the lower end of the skirt.
The heat treatment apparatus for carbonaceous granules according to claim 1. The input section is
A plurality of raw material bottles into which the carbonaceous granules are charged, and
A charging hopper provided below the plurality of raw material bottles and above the skirt to collect the carbonaceous particles charged from the plurality of raw material bottles.
Further prepare
Both the skirt and the charging hopper have a double structure.
The heat treatment apparatus for carbonaceous granules according to claim 2. A plurality of the chimneys are provided,
The plurality of chimneys are arranged concentrically with the central axis of the combustion chamber at equal intervals.
The heat treatment apparatus for carbonaceous granules according to any one of claims 1 to 3. Further provided with a gas blowing hole for blowing an inert gas from below the furnace body into the inside of the furnace body.
The heat treatment apparatus for carbonaceous granules according to any one of claims 1 to 4. A discharge part that discharges the heat-treated carbonaceous granules,
A valve that discharges the carbonaceous granules discharged from the discharge portion to the outside,
Further prepare
The heat treatment apparatus for carbonaceous granules according to any one of claims 1 to 5. Cylindrical upper electrodes and cylindrical lower electrodes arranged vertically on the central axis of the furnace body,
A conductive tubular structure electrically connected to the upper end of the lower electrode so as to surround the upper electrode.
Further prepare
The combustion chamber is provided in the upper part of the tubular structure and communicates with the inside of the tubular structure.
The upper electrode and the lower electrode directly energize the carbonaceous granules inside the tubular structure to perform heat treatment.
The heat treatment apparatus for carbonaceous granules according to any one of claims 1 to 6. It is a heat treatment method for carbonaceous granules that heat-treats the carbonic granules put into the furnace body.
The carbonaceous fluid is charged into the combustion chamber provided in the upper part of the furnace body,
In the combustion chamber, the carbonaceous granules are deposited and
The gas contained in the carbonaceous granules volatilized from the surface of the deposited portion is burned on the surface.
This combustion gas is discharged to the outside of the furnace body.
Heat treatment method for carbonaceous fluids.

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