JP2021104499A - Fermentation treatment method and fermentation treatment apparatus - Google Patents

Fermentation treatment method and fermentation treatment apparatus Download PDF

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JP2021104499A
JP2021104499A JP2019237941A JP2019237941A JP2021104499A JP 2021104499 A JP2021104499 A JP 2021104499A JP 2019237941 A JP2019237941 A JP 2019237941A JP 2019237941 A JP2019237941 A JP 2019237941A JP 2021104499 A JP2021104499 A JP 2021104499A
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fermentation
stirring
fermenter
fermentation treatment
blade
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田中 恒久
Tsunehisa Tanaka
恒久 田中
博 辻野
Hiroshi Tsujino
博 辻野
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Kubota Corp
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract

To provide a fermentation treatment method that can treat organic waste in which concentration of solids ranges from low concentration to high concentration, and enables flexible treatment in accordance with concentration of solids in fermentation liquid.SOLUTION: In a fermentation treatment method which performs anaerobic fermentation treatment by putting organic waste including solids, an object to be treated, into a fermentation tank filled with fermentation liquid, rotation speed and/or rotation directions of a pair of adjacent stirring blades of a plurality of stirring blades are differentiated for a stirring mechanism equipped with the plurality of stirring blades arranged at different positions along a shaft center of a stirring shaft in the stirring shaft supported rotatably at an upper part of the fermentation tank.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

本発明は、被処理物である固形物を含む有機性廃棄物を予め可溶化処理することなく発酵槽に投入して嫌気性発酵処理する発酵処理方法及び発酵処理装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a fermentation treatment method and a fermentation treatment apparatus in which an organic waste containing a solid substance to be treated is put into a fermenter without being solubilized in advance and subjected to an anaerobic fermentation treatment.

特許文献1には、資源循環型社会を実現するため、生ごみや紙ごみ等の有機性固形廃棄物を嫌気性微生物によりエネルギー源として利用可能なバイオガス(約60%のメタンガス、約40%の二酸化炭素ガス、少量の硫化水素などを含む)に変換するメタン発酵処理の実用化が進められている旨記載され、そのために好適な発酵液循環式メタン発酵装置が提案されている。 Patent Document 1 describes biogas (about 60% methane gas, about 40%) that can use organic solid waste such as food waste and paper waste as an energy source by anaerobic microorganisms in order to realize a resource recycling society. It is stated that the methane fermentation treatment that converts methane into carbon dioxide gas, a small amount of hydrogen sulfide, etc.) is being put into practical use, and a suitable fermented liquid circulation type methane fermentation apparatus has been proposed for that purpose.

当該発酵液循環式メタン発酵装置は、内側の所定高さに移動式レーキと周壁貫通のスクリューコンベアとが設けられた原料槽、原料槽に軽量異物の混入した有機性固形廃棄物を投入する取入口、原料槽に発酵液を供給する供給路、及び原料槽の発酵液を下方から引き抜いて上方へ戻す循環路を備え、原料槽に投入された廃棄物を発酵液に浸漬させつつ予め可溶化して発酵液と共に循環させつつバイオガスに分解し、原料槽の液面に浮かぶ軽量異物をレーキの移動によりスクリューコンベアに集めて排出するように構成されている。 The fermented liquid circulation type methane fermenter is a raw material tank equipped with a mobile rake and a screw conveyor penetrating the peripheral wall at a predetermined height inside, and organic solid waste mixed with lightweight foreign substances is put into the raw material tank. Equipped with an inlet, a supply path for supplying the fermented liquid to the raw material tank, and a circulation path for pulling out the fermented liquid from the raw material tank from below and returning it upward, the waste put into the raw material tank is solubilized in advance while being immersed in the fermented liquid. Then, it is decomposed into biogas while being circulated together with the fermented liquid, and the lightweight foreign matter floating on the liquid surface of the raw material tank is collected and discharged on the screw conveyor by the movement of the rake.

そして、発酵液を貯えるメタン発酵槽をさらに設け、供給路に発酵槽の発酵液を原料槽へ継続的に供給する供給装置を備え、循環路に原料槽の発酵液を継続的に引き抜いて固液分離し且つ分離した濾液を発酵槽へ送ると共に固形分を原料槽へ戻す固液分離装置を備えて構成されている。 Then, a methane fermentation tank for storing the fermentation broth is further provided, a supply device for continuously supplying the fermentation broth of the fermentation tub to the raw material tank is provided in the supply channel, and the fermentation broth of the raw material tank is continuously pulled out and solidified in the circulation path. It is equipped with a solid-liquid separation device that separates the liquid and sends the separated filtrate to the fermentation tank and returns the solid content to the raw material tank.

当該発酵液循環式メタン発酵装置は、主に有機性固形廃棄物を予め可溶化する原料槽と、主にメタン発酵させるメタン発酵槽を備える必要があり、設備コストが嵩むという問題があった。 The fermented liquid circulation type methane fermentation apparatus needs to be provided with a raw material tank for preliminarily solubilizing organic solid waste and a methane fermentation tank for mainly methane fermentation, which has a problem of increasing equipment cost.

そこで、本願発明者は、被処理物である固形物を含む有機性廃棄物を予め可溶化処理することなく発酵槽に投入して嫌気性発酵処理する発酵処理装置の実現を目指して鋭意研究開発を進めている。 Therefore, the inventor of the present application has diligently researched and developed an organic waste containing a solid substance to be treated, aiming at the realization of a fermentation treatment apparatus in which an organic waste is put into a fermentation tank and anaerobic fermentation treatment is performed without prior solubilization treatment. We are promoting.

上述した生ごみや紙ごみなどの有機性固形廃棄物以外に、下水汚泥、し尿、家畜糞尿、農業系残渣、食品廃棄物などのバイオマスを対象として、それらを単独または混合した有機性廃棄物を被処理物とする発酵処理装置である。 In addition to the above-mentioned organic solid wastes such as kitchen waste and paper waste, organic wastes such as sewage sludge, human waste, livestock manure, agricultural residues, and food wastes are targeted as biomass, either alone or in combination. It is a fermentation treatment apparatus to be treated.

上述の特許文献1に記載された発酵液循環式メタン発酵装置では、原料槽及びメタン発酵槽の双方に循環ポンプ付き外付け循環路で構成される撹拌装置を備えて被処理物が含まれる発酵液を撹拌するように構成されている。 In the fermented liquid circulation type methane fermentation apparatus described in Patent Document 1 described above, both the raw material tank and the methane fermentation tank are provided with a stirring device composed of an external circulation path equipped with a circulation pump, and the fermented product is contained. It is configured to stir the liquid.

被処理物が含まれる発酵液を撹拌する撹拌装置として、湿式発酵装置では上述した循環ポンプ方式以外にブロワーファンを用いて槽内に気泡を供給し、気泡の上向流を利用して槽内に循環流を生成するガス循環方式が採用されている。 As a stirring device for stirring the fermented liquid containing the object to be processed, in the wet fermentation device, in addition to the circulation pump method described above, bubbles are supplied into the tank using a blower fan, and the upward flow of the bubbles is used in the tank. A gas circulation method that generates a circulating flow is adopted.

つまり、被処理物と発酵液とを撹拌するために用いられる撹拌方式は、発酵液に含まれる固形物濃度(TSまたはSS[%])に応じて適切に選択される必要があり、比較的均質で固形物濃度が5%程度の低濃度の汚泥や生ごみ、家畜糞尿、食品廃棄物などの有機性廃棄物に対しては、上述した循環ポンプ方式やガス循環方式が好適に採用されているが、不均質で発酵不適物が多く固形物濃度が10%以上になる可燃ごみなどは、横型の発酵槽内部に低速回転するガス抜き用の撹拌パドルが装備され、一方側に備えた投入部から投入された被処理物を他方側から排出するコンポガス方式(プラグフロー式)や、縦型の発酵槽内部に立設された導入管の下端から被処理物を投入して上端から槽内に被処理物を供給するとともに底部から排出するドランコ方式(プラグフロー式)では、積極的な撹拌は行なわれていなかった。 That is, the stirring method used for stirring the object to be treated and the fermented liquid needs to be appropriately selected according to the solid matter concentration (TS or SS [%]) contained in the fermented liquid, and is relatively The above-mentioned circulation pump method and gas circulation method are preferably adopted for organic waste such as sludge, food waste, livestock manure, and food waste, which are homogeneous and have a solid matter concentration of about 5%. However, for combustible waste that is inhomogeneous and has many unsuitable substances for fermentation and has a solid content concentration of 10% or more, a stirring paddle for degassing that rotates at a low speed is installed inside the horizontal fermenter, and it is provided on one side. The component gas method (plug flow type) in which the object to be processed is discharged from the other side, or the object to be processed is input from the lower end of the introduction pipe erected inside the vertical fermentation tank and inside the tank from the upper end. In the dranco method (plug flow method) in which the object to be processed is supplied to the waste and discharged from the bottom, active stirring is not performed.

特開2012−86157号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2012-86157

しかし、有機性固形廃棄物以外に下水汚泥やし尿などのバイオマスを対象として、それらを単独または混合した有機性廃棄物を被処理物とする発酵処理装置では、被処理物が様々な性状となるため、一律に、循環ポンプ方式やガス循環方式による撹拌装置を備えた発酵槽を構成し、或いは撹拌装置を備えないプラグフロー式の発酵槽を構成することが困難であるという問題があった。 However, in a fermentation treatment apparatus that targets biomass such as sewage sludge and urine in addition to organic solid waste and uses organic waste alone or in combination as the object to be treated, the object to be treated has various properties. Therefore, there is a problem that it is difficult to uniformly configure a fermenter equipped with a stirrer by a circulation pump system or a gas circulation system, or a plug-flow fermenter without a stirrer.

発酵槽内の発酵液の固形物濃度が高く高粘度である場合に、被処理物を分散させるために循環ポンプ方式やガス循環方式を採用すると、大きな動力が必要となり現実的でなく、発酵槽内の発酵液の固形物濃度が低く低粘度である場合に、プラグフロー式を採用するとプラグフローが維持できず、有機性固形廃棄物である可燃ごみなどが槽内で分離するために発酵効率が低下し、また発酵液中で有機性固形廃棄物の沈降や浮上が発生し易くなり、その対応が困難であるためである。 When the solid content concentration of the fermented liquid in the fermenter is high and the viscosity is high, if a circulation pump method or a gas circulation method is adopted to disperse the object to be processed, a large amount of power is required, which is not realistic and is not realistic. When the solid concentration of the fermentation broth inside is low and the viscosity is low, if the plug flow method is adopted, the plug flow cannot be maintained and the organic solid waste such as combustible waste is separated in the tank, so the fermentation efficiency. This is because the amount of organic solid waste is likely to decrease and the organic solid waste is likely to settle or float in the fermented liquid, which makes it difficult to deal with it.

本発明の目的は、上述した問題点に鑑み、固形物濃度が低濃度から高濃度まで処理でき、発酵液中の固形物濃度に応じて、柔軟に対応可能な発酵処理方法及び発酵処理装置を提供する点にある。 In view of the above-mentioned problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a fermentation treatment method and a fermentation treatment apparatus capable of treating a solid matter concentration from a low concentration to a high concentration and flexibly responding to the solid matter concentration in the fermentation broth. It is in the point of providing.

上述の目的を達成するため、本発明による発酵処理方法の第一の特徴構成は、被処理物である固形物を含む有機性廃棄物を発酵液が充填された発酵槽に投入して嫌気性発酵処理する発酵処理方法であって、前記発酵槽の上部で回転可能に支持された撹拌軸に当該撹拌軸の軸心に沿って異なる位置に配された複数の撹拌羽根を備えた撹拌機構に対して、前記複数の撹拌羽根のうち少なくとも隣接する一組の撹拌羽根の回転数及び/または回転方向を異ならせる点にある。 In order to achieve the above object, the first characteristic configuration of the fermentation treatment method according to the present invention is that organic waste containing a solid substance to be treated is put into a fermenter filled with a fermentation broth and is anaerobic. A fermentation treatment method for fermenting, in which a stirring mechanism is provided with a stirring shaft rotatably supported at the upper part of the fermenter and a plurality of stirring blades arranged at different positions along the axis of the stirring shaft. On the other hand, at least the adjacent set of stirring blades among the plurality of stirring blades has different rotation speeds and / or rotation directions.

複数の撹拌羽根を一定の回転数で一定の方向に回転すると、例えば発酵液の粘度が高くなった場合に、発酵液が撹拌羽根の動きに伴って移動する供回り状態になり、発酵液と有機性廃棄物との撹拌が十分に行なうことができない虞がある。しかし、複数の撹拌羽根のうち少なくとも隣接する一組の撹拌羽根の回転数及び/または回転方向を異ならせることで、撹拌効果を高めることができるようになる。なお、撹拌羽根の回転数とは単位時間当たりの回転数つまり回転速度をいう。 When a plurality of stirring blades are rotated in a certain direction at a constant rotation speed, for example, when the viscosity of the fermentation broth becomes high, the fermentation broth becomes a rotating state in which the fermentation broth moves with the movement of the stirring blades. There is a risk that sufficient stirring with organic waste cannot be performed. However, the stirring effect can be enhanced by changing the rotation speed and / or the rotation direction of at least one set of stirring blades adjacent to each other among the plurality of stirring blades. The rotation speed of the stirring blade means the rotation speed per unit time, that is, the rotation speed.

同第二の特徴構成は、上述の第一の特徴構成に加えて、前記発酵槽の上側に位置する撹拌羽根と下側に位置する撹拌羽根の回転数及び/または回転方向を異ならせる点にある。 The second characteristic configuration is that, in addition to the first characteristic configuration described above, the rotation speed and / or rotation direction of the stirring blade located on the upper side and the stirring blade located on the lower side of the fermenter are different. be.

発酵槽の上側に位置する撹拌羽根と下側に位置する撹拌羽根の回転数及び/または回転方向を異ならせることで、発酵液の撹拌効果を高めることができる。 By making the rotation speed and / or rotation direction of the stirring blade located on the upper side and the stirring blade located on the lower side of the fermenter different, the stirring effect of the fermented liquid can be enhanced.

同第三の特徴構成は、上述の第一または第二の特徴構成に加えて、回転負荷が所定値より大きくなり、または所定時間が経過すると、前記撹拌羽根の回転数及び/または回転方向を切り替える点にある。 In the third feature configuration, in addition to the first or second feature configuration described above, when the rotational load becomes larger than a predetermined value or a predetermined time elapses, the rotation speed and / or the rotation direction of the stirring blade is changed. It is at the point of switching.

回転負荷が所定値より大きくなると供回り状態が生じたと判断し、所定時間が経過すると撹拌効果が低下したと判断し、何れの場合でも撹拌羽根の回転数及び/または回転方向を切り替えることで、撹拌効果の低下を抑制して適切に撹拌することができる。 When the rotational load becomes larger than the predetermined value, it is judged that the rotating state has occurred, and when the predetermined time elapses, it is judged that the stirring effect has decreased. In any case, the rotation speed and / or the rotation direction of the stirring blade is switched. It is possible to suppress a decrease in the stirring effect and stir appropriately.

本発明による発酵処理装置の第一の特徴構成は、被処理物である固形物を含む有機性廃棄物を発酵液が充填された発酵槽に投入して嫌気性発酵処理する発酵処理装置であって、前記発酵槽の上部で回転可能に支持された撹拌軸に当該撹拌軸の軸心に沿って異なる位置に配された複数の撹拌羽根を有し、前記発酵槽に投入された有機性廃棄物を槽内で撹拌する撹拌機構を備え、前記複数の撹拌羽根のうち少なくとも隣接する一組の撹拌羽根の回転数及び/または回転方向を異ならせる撹拌羽根駆動機構を備えている点にある。 The first characteristic configuration of the fermentation treatment apparatus according to the present invention is a fermentation treatment apparatus in which an organic waste containing a solid substance to be treated is put into a fermenter filled with a fermentation broth to perform an anaerobic fermentation treatment. The stirring shaft rotatably supported at the upper part of the fermenter has a plurality of stirring blades arranged at different positions along the axis of the stirring shaft, and the organic waste charged into the fermenter is discarded. The point is that it is provided with a stirring mechanism for stirring an object in a tank, and is provided with a stirring blade driving mechanism for at least a pair of stirring blades adjacent to each other to have different rotation speeds and / or rotation directions.

以上説明した通り、本発明によれば、固形物濃度が低濃度から高濃度まで処理でき、発酵液中の固形物濃度に応じて、柔軟に対応可能な発酵処理方法及び発酵処理装置を提供することができるようになった。 As described above, according to the present invention, there is provided a fermentation treatment method and a fermentation treatment apparatus capable of treating a solid matter concentration from a low concentration to a high concentration and flexibly responding to the solid matter concentration in the fermentation broth. You can now do it.

本発明による発酵処理装置が組み込まれた有機性廃棄物の処理システムの説明図Explanatory drawing of organic waste treatment system which incorporated the fermentation treatment apparatus by this invention 本発明による発酵処理装置が組み込まれた発酵処理システムの説明図Explanatory drawing of fermentation processing system which incorporated the fermentation processing apparatus by this invention 本発明による発酵処理装置の説明図Explanatory drawing of fermentation processing apparatus by this invention (a)は投入機構の平面視の説明図、(b)は投入機構の側面視の説明図、(c)は(b)のA断面説明図、(d)は(b)のB断面説明図、(e)は(b)のC断面説明図、(f)は筒状ケーシングに形成された開口部と押圧体の位置関係の説明図(A) is an explanatory view of a plan view of the loading mechanism, (b) is an explanatory view of a side view of the loading mechanism, (c) is an explanatory view of the A cross section of (b), and (d) is an explanatory view of the B cross section of (b). (E) is an explanatory view of the C cross section of (b), and (f) is an explanatory view of the positional relationship between the opening formed in the tubular casing and the pressing body. (a)は沈降促進羽根の説明図、(b)は分散羽根の説明図、(c)は掻き寄せ羽根の説明図(A) is an explanatory diagram of a settling promoting blade, (b) is an explanatory diagram of a dispersion blade, and (c) is an explanatory diagram of a scraping blade. (a)は押圧体が最後端付近まで後退した投入機構の要部拡大説明図、(b)は押圧体が最前端まで進出した投入機構の要部拡大説明図(A) is an enlarged explanatory view of a main part of the loading mechanism in which the pressing body is retracted to the vicinity of the rearmost end, and (b) is an enlarged explanatory view of a main part of the charging mechanism in which the pressing body is advanced to the front end. (a),(b)は駆動機構の説明図(A) and (b) are explanatory views of the drive mechanism. 別実施形態を示し、本発明による発酵処理装置の説明図An explanatory view of the fermentation processing apparatus according to the present invention, showing another embodiment.

以下、図面を参照して本発明による発酵処理方法及び発酵処理装置を説明する。 Hereinafter, the fermentation treatment method and the fermentation treatment apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

[発酵処理装置が組み込まれたシステムの説明]
図1には、有機性廃棄物の処理システムのブロック構成が示されている。都市ごみ、し尿や浄化槽汚泥、下水汚泥などの由来の異なる様々な有機性廃棄物を処理するシステムで、それら有機性廃棄物に含まれるエネルギーをバイオガスとして回収するシステムである。
[Explanation of the system incorporating the fermentation processing equipment]
FIG. 1 shows a block configuration of an organic waste treatment system. It is a system that treats various organic wastes of different origins such as municipal waste, human waste, septic tank sludge, and sewage sludge, and recovers the energy contained in these organic wastes as biogas.

一般家庭などから収集された紙ごみ、厨芥、樹脂等の可燃性ごみを、破砕機などを用いて小片に破砕し、発酵処理に適した有機性固形廃棄物と発酵処理に不適な樹脂や無機物、金属などに分別する前処理が行なわれ、発酵適物は発酵処理装置に投入されてメタン発酵処理され、発酵不適物はごみ焼却設備で処理される。 Combustible waste such as paper waste, kitchen waste, and resin collected from ordinary households is crushed into small pieces using a crusher, etc., and organic solid waste suitable for fermentation treatment and resin and inorganic substances unsuitable for fermentation treatment. , Metals and the like are subjected to pretreatment, suitable for fermentation is put into a fermentation processing apparatus and subjected to methane fermentation treatment, and unsuitable for fermentation is treated in a waste incineration facility.

当該発酵処理装置では、発酵適物である可燃性ごみに加えて、し尿や浄化槽汚泥さらには下水汚泥が同時に処理できる。なお、発酵処理装置で処理される被処理物は、生ごみや紙ごみなどの有機性固形廃棄物、下水汚泥、し尿や浄化槽汚泥以外に、家畜糞尿、農業系残渣、食品廃棄物などのバイオマスなども対象となり、それらが単独または混合された有機性廃棄物が対象となる。 In the fermentation treatment apparatus, in addition to combustible waste which is suitable for fermentation, human waste, septic tank sludge, and sewage sludge can be treated at the same time. In addition to organic solid waste such as kitchen waste and paper waste, sewage sludge, human waste and septic tank sludge, the objects to be processed by the fermentation treatment equipment are biomass such as livestock manure, agricultural residues, and food waste. Etc. are also targeted, and organic waste containing them alone or in a mixture thereof is targeted.

メタン発酵処理で生成されたバイオガスに含まれるメタンガスは再生エネルギーとして回収され、発酵残渣は脱水処理などの残渣処理が施された後に焼却処理される。発酵残渣の脱水処理により生じた脱水液は活性汚泥法などで生物処理され、当該生物処理で生じた余剰汚泥も発酵適物としてメタン発酵処理の対象となる。 The methane gas contained in the biogas produced by the methane fermentation treatment is recovered as renewable energy, and the fermentation residue is incinerated after being subjected to a residue treatment such as dehydration treatment. The dehydrated liquid produced by the dehydration treatment of the fermentation residue is biologically treated by an activated sludge method or the like, and the excess sludge generated by the biological treatment is also subject to the methane fermentation treatment as a suitable fermentation product.

[発酵処理装置の説明]
図3には、発酵処理装置の全体構成が示されている。発酵処理装置10は、発酵槽20と、投入機構30と、撹拌機構40と、ガス排出部50と、発酵液排出口60、不適物排出機構70などを備えて構成され、被処理物である発酵適物、つまり固形物を含む有機性廃棄物を、別途の可溶化処理槽などを用いて可溶化処理することなく、発酵槽20に直接投入して嫌気性発酵処理する装置である。
[Explanation of fermentation processing equipment]
FIG. 3 shows the overall configuration of the fermentation processing apparatus. The fermentation treatment device 10 includes a fermentation tank 20, a charging mechanism 30, a stirring mechanism 40, a gas discharge unit 50, a fermentation broth discharge port 60, an unsuitable substance discharge mechanism 70, and the like, and is an object to be treated. This is an apparatus for anaerobic fermentation treatment in which organic waste containing solid matter, that is, a suitable material for fermentation, is directly put into the fermentation tank 20 without being solubilized using a separate solubilization treatment tank or the like.

発酵槽20は、鋼板を用いて円筒状に形成された縦型の処理槽であり、側壁には熱媒体の流路となるジャケット22が設けられ、熱媒供給部23から供給される熱媒体がジャケット22を通過して熱媒排出部21から排出されるように構成されている。熱媒体として温水が好適に用いられ、例えば約57℃程度の温水がジャケット22に供給されることで槽内の発酵液が発酵に適した約55℃の温度に加温される。 The fermenter 20 is a vertical processing tank formed in a cylindrical shape using a steel plate, and a jacket 22 serving as a flow path for the heat medium is provided on the side wall, and the heat medium supplied from the heat medium supply unit 23 is provided. Is configured to pass through the jacket 22 and be discharged from the heat medium discharging unit 21. Hot water is preferably used as the heat medium. For example, by supplying hot water of about 57 ° C. to the jacket 22, the fermentation broth in the tank is heated to a temperature of about 55 ° C. suitable for fermentation.

発酵槽20の上端には、槽内が密閉されるように円盤状の蓋体25がフランジ部で着脱可能に固定されている。蓋体25には、撹拌機構40が支持されるとともに、嫌気性発酵処理で生成されたバイオガスを取り出すガス排出部50として機能するバイオガス排出バルブV3を備えた配管が接続され、さらに槽内部を目視確認するためののぞき窓26が設けられている。 A disk-shaped lid 25 is detachably fixed to the upper end of the fermenter 20 by a flange portion so that the inside of the tank is sealed. A stirring mechanism 40 is supported, and a pipe equipped with a biogas discharge valve V3 that functions as a gas discharge unit 50 for taking out biogas produced in an anaerobic fermentation process is connected to the lid 25, and further inside the tank. A peephole 26 is provided for visually confirming the above.

発酵槽20の側壁下端には下方側が次第に縮径されるロート状部24が形成され、底部中央には不適物排出機構70が設けられている。 A funnel-shaped portion 24 whose diameter is gradually reduced on the lower side is formed at the lower end of the side wall of the fermenter 20, and an unsuitable substance discharge mechanism 70 is provided at the center of the bottom portion.

不適物排出機構70は、発酵液中に混入した砂、貝殻、金属類などの発酵不適物を発酵槽20から排出するための機構で、発酵槽20の底部下方に突出形成され発酵槽20より縮径された筒状部73と、筒状部73に設けられた二重ダンパ機構71,72で構成されている。下部ダンパ72を閉じた状態で上部ダンパ71を開放して発酵不適物を取り込んだ後に、上部ダンパ71を閉じて下部ダンパ72を開放することにより発酵不適物が槽外に取り出される。 The unsuitable substance discharge mechanism 70 is a mechanism for discharging unsuitable substances for fermentation such as sand, shells, and metals mixed in the fermentation broth from the fermentation tank 20, and is formed so as to protrude below the bottom of the fermentation tank 20 and is formed from the fermentation tank 20. It is composed of a reduced diameter tubular portion 73 and double damper mechanisms 71 and 72 provided on the tubular portion 73. With the lower damper 72 closed, the upper damper 71 is opened to take in the fermentation-inappropriate material, and then the upper damper 71 is closed and the lower damper 72 is opened, so that the fermentation-inappropriate material is taken out of the tank.

被処理物に混入する砂、金属、貝殻などの発酵不適物が発酵液中で次第に沈降して底部に堆積すると有効な発酵容積が減少して発酵効率が低下する虞がある。しかし、底部に形成された筒状部73に発酵不適物を堆積させて、二重ダンパ機構71,72を介して槽外に排出することにより、ポンプ装置などの大きな動力を要することなく、また嫌気状態を維持しながら発酵容積の減少を回避することができる。 If unsuitable substances such as sand, metal, and shells mixed in the object to be processed gradually settle in the fermentation broth and deposit on the bottom, the effective fermentation volume may decrease and the fermentation efficiency may decrease. However, by depositing an unsuitable substance for fermentation on the tubular portion 73 formed at the bottom and discharging it to the outside of the tank via the double damper mechanisms 71 and 72, a large power such as a pump device is not required. It is possible to avoid a decrease in fermentation volume while maintaining an anaerobic state.

[発酵処理装置に組み込まれた撹拌機構の説明]
撹拌機構40は、発酵槽20に投入された有機性廃棄物を槽内で撹拌するために設けられ、蓋体25の上部に設置された撹拌用のモータ45と、モータ45の駆動力を撹拌軸41(41A,41B)に伝達する撹拌羽根駆動機構43と、蓋体25に回転可能に軸受で支持された撹拌軸41(41A,41B)と、撹拌軸41に固定された撹拌羽根42,44,46を備えて構成されている。撹拌軸41は外側に配置された筒状の撹拌軸41Aと、撹拌軸41Aの内部に収容され撹拌軸41Aと同軸心の撹拌軸41Bを備えて構成され、其々が発酵槽20の軸心と一致するように設置されている。
[Explanation of the stirring mechanism built into the fermentation processing device]
The stirring mechanism 40 is provided to stir the organic waste charged into the fermenter 20 in the tank, and stirs the stirring motor 45 installed on the upper part of the lid 25 and the driving force of the motor 45. A stirring blade drive mechanism 43 that transmits to the shaft 41 (41A, 41B), a stirring shaft 41 (41A, 41B) rotatably supported by a bearing on the lid 25, and a stirring blade 42 fixed to the stirring shaft 41, It is configured to include 44 and 46. The stirring shaft 41 includes a tubular stirring shaft 41A arranged on the outside and a stirring shaft 41B housed inside the stirring shaft 41A and coaxial with the stirring shaft 41A, each of which is the axis of the fermenter 20. It is installed to match with.

撹拌軸41の上端は蓋体25に軸支され、撹拌軸41の下端は軸支されることなく自由端となっている。そのためメンテナンスが必要な場合には、分解することなくまた槽内の汚泥を引抜くことなく発酵槽20から蓋体25を取り外すことにより、発酵槽20の上端から撹拌羽根42,44,46と一体で撹拌軸41を引き抜くことが可能になる。 The upper end of the stirring shaft 41 is pivotally supported by the lid 25, and the lower end of the stirring shaft 41 is a free end without being pivotally supported. Therefore, when maintenance is required, the lid 25 is removed from the fermenter 20 without disassembling and without pulling out the sludge in the tank, so that the lid 25 is integrated with the stirring blades 42, 44, 46 from the upper end of the fermenter 20. It becomes possible to pull out the stirring shaft 41 with.

図3及び図5(a)に示すように、最上段に位置する沈降促進羽根42は、撹拌軸41Aに嵌入固定されたスリーブ42bに中心角180°の角度となるように固定された2枚の平板状の羽根片42aで構成され、発酵槽20内の発酵液の液面を横切る位置、好ましくは羽根面の上下方向中央部に液面が位置するように位置決めされるとともに、先端が発酵槽20の内壁面の近傍位置まで延出形成されている。具体的には羽根片42aの先端と発酵槽20の内壁面の間隙が投入口の口径程度に設定されている。なお、羽根面の上下方向中央部に液面が位置するように、発酵液の液位を光反射式などの液位センサで検出して発酵液の液位の変動が小さくなるように発酵液の引き抜きにより調整することが好ましい。 As shown in FIGS. 3 and 5A, the settling promotion blades 42 located at the uppermost stage are two pieces fixed to the sleeve 42b fitted and fixed to the stirring shaft 41A so as to have a central angle of 180 °. It is composed of flat plate-shaped blade pieces 42a, and is positioned so as to cross the liquid surface of the fermented liquid in the fermenter 20, preferably at the center of the blade surface in the vertical direction, and the tip is fermented. It is formed so as to extend to a position near the inner wall surface of the tank 20. Specifically, the gap between the tip of the blade piece 42a and the inner wall surface of the fermenter 20 is set to about the diameter of the inlet. The fermented liquid so that the liquid level is located at the center of the blade surface in the vertical direction, the liquid level of the fermented liquid is detected by a liquid level sensor such as a light reflection type, and the fluctuation of the liquid level of the fermented liquid is reduced. It is preferable to adjust by pulling out.

そして、各羽根面の上縁42Uが下縁42Lより撹拌軸41の回転方向に向けて傾斜する傾斜姿勢となるようにスリーブ42bに固定されている。そのため、撹拌軸41が回転すると沈降促進羽根42によって発酵液の液面に浮遊する未発酵の有機性固形廃棄物が効率的に液面下に沈降するように押し下げられるようになり、液中で発酵処理が促されるようになる。なお、図5(a)中、上方の図面は平面図、下方の図面は正面図である。 The upper edge 42U of each blade surface is fixed to the sleeve 42b so as to be inclined from the lower edge 42L in the direction of rotation of the stirring shaft 41. Therefore, when the stirring shaft 41 rotates, the sedimentation promoting blade 42 pushes down the unfermented organic solid waste floating on the liquid surface of the fermented liquid so as to efficiently settle below the liquid surface, and in the liquid. Fermentation process will be promoted. In FIG. 5A, the upper drawing is a plan view and the lower drawing is a front view.

本実施形態では、各羽根片42aの径方向長さが発酵槽20の内径より僅かに短い長さに設定されるとともに、水平面に対して上端側が15〜60度の範囲、好ましくは30〜45度の範囲で回転方向に傾斜するように設定されている。なお、撹拌軸41の先端部の周速が10〜100mm/秒、好ましくは30〜60mm/秒の範囲であれば廃棄物の沈降が促進される。 In the present embodiment, the radial length of each blade piece 42a is set to be slightly shorter than the inner diameter of the fermenter 20, and the upper end side is in the range of 15 to 60 degrees, preferably 30 to 45 degrees with respect to the horizontal plane. It is set to incline in the direction of rotation within the range of degrees. If the peripheral speed of the tip of the stirring shaft 41 is in the range of 10 to 100 mm / sec, preferably 30 to 60 mm / sec, sedimentation of waste is promoted.

図3及び図5(b)に示すように、沈降促進羽根42より下方に分散羽根44が上下方向に3段設けられている。最上段の分散羽根44は撹拌軸41Aに取り付けられ、中段及び最下段の分散羽根44は撹拌軸41Bに取り付けられている。図5(b)中、上方の図面は中段及び最下段の分散羽根44の平面図、下方の図面は同正面図である。 As shown in FIGS. 3 and 5 (b), the dispersion blades 44 are provided in three stages in the vertical direction below the sedimentation promoting blades 42. The uppermost dispersion blade 44 is attached to the stirring shaft 41A, and the middle and lowermost dispersion blades 44 are attached to the stirring shaft 41B. In FIG. 5B, the upper drawing is a plan view of the middle and lowermost dispersion blades 44, and the lower drawing is a front view of the same.

各分散羽根44は、撹拌軸41に固定されたスリーブ44bに中心角180°の角度となるように固定された2枚の平板状の羽根片44aで構成され、各羽根片44aの径方向長さが沈降促進羽根42よりも短く、発酵槽20の内径の40〜90%、好ましくは50〜70%の範囲の長さに設定されている。平板状の羽根片44aであれば、発酵液の上下方向中間部の撹拌が効率よくできて、軽いものと重いものを振り分けることができる。 Each dispersion blade 44 is composed of two flat blade pieces 44a fixed to a sleeve 44b fixed to the stirring shaft 41 so as to have a central angle of 180 °, and the radial length of each blade piece 44a is long. The length is shorter than that of the settling promotion blade 42, and is set to a length in the range of 40 to 90%, preferably 50 to 70% of the inner diameter of the fermenter 20. With the flat plate-shaped blade piece 44a, it is possible to efficiently stir the intermediate portion of the fermentation broth in the vertical direction, and it is possible to sort light and heavy ones.

分散羽根44は、上下方向幅が数十から数百mm程度に設定され、水平面に対して上端側が所定角度だけ回転方向に傾斜するように設定されていてもよい。 The width of the dispersion blade 44 in the vertical direction may be set to about several tens to several hundreds of mm, and the upper end side may be set to be inclined in the rotation direction by a predetermined angle with respect to the horizontal plane.

分散羽根44による撹拌作用により、発酵過程で被処理物に捕捉された状態のバイオガスが被処理物から開放され、バイオガスによる体積膨張に起因する液位の上昇が抑制されるとともに、発酵液中で被処理物が分散されることによりさらに発酵が促進されるようになる。また、発酵液が撹拌されることにより、ジャケット22に供給される熱媒体から伝熱される発酵液の温度分布が均一になり、発酵液全体が良好な発酵温度に維持される。 By the stirring action of the dispersion blade 44, the biogas trapped in the object to be processed in the fermentation process is released from the object to be processed, the rise in the liquid level due to the volume expansion due to the biogas is suppressed, and the fermentation liquid is suppressed. Fermentation is further promoted by dispersing the object to be treated. Further, by stirring the fermentation broth, the temperature distribution of the fermentation broth transferred from the heat medium supplied to the jacket 22 becomes uniform, and the whole fermentation broth is maintained at a good fermentation temperature.

また、上下方向に3段に配された分散羽根44のうちの1段は、投入機構30による有機性廃棄物の投入位置の近傍高さに位置するように構成され、投入機構30により発酵槽20に投入された直後の有機性廃棄物が速やかに発酵液中で分散される。 Further, one of the dispersion blades 44 arranged in three stages in the vertical direction is configured to be located at a height close to the charging position of the organic waste by the charging mechanism 30, and the fermenting tank is arranged by the charging mechanism 30. The organic waste immediately after being charged into 20 is quickly dispersed in the fermented liquid.

図3及び図5(c)に示すように、分散羽根44より下方に掻き寄せ羽根46が設けられている。図5(c)中、上方の図面は平面図、下方の図面は正面図である。 As shown in FIGS. 3 and 5 (c), the scraping blade 46 is provided below the dispersion blade 44. In FIG. 5C, the upper drawing is a plan view and the lower drawing is a front view.

掻き寄せ羽根46は、発酵槽20の底部位置で撹拌軸41に固定され、発酵液中で被処理物を分散させる下部分散羽根片46aと、下部分散羽根片46aの先端に固定され発酵液中に沈降した発酵不適物を不適物排出機構70に掻き寄せる掻き寄せ羽根片46cとを備えている。 The scraping blade 46 is fixed to the stirring shaft 41 at the bottom position of the fermenter 20 and is fixed to the tip of the lower dispersion blade piece 46a for dispersing the object to be processed in the fermentation broth and the lower dispersion blade piece 46a in the fermentation broth. It is provided with a scraping blade piece 46c that scrapes the unsuitable material for fermentation settled in the unsuitable material discharge mechanism 70.

具体的に、掻き寄せ羽根46は、撹拌軸41に嵌入固定されたスリーブ46bに中心角180°の角度となるように固定された2枚の断面コの字状の下部分散羽根片46aと、下部分散羽根片46aの先端側に設けられた断面コの字状の掻き寄せ羽根片46cで構成されている。掻き寄せ羽根片46cは発酵槽20の側壁のうちロート状部24に対向するように傾斜姿勢で配置され、下部分散羽根片46aは一端がスリーブ46bに固定され他端が羽根片46cに固定されるように水平姿勢で配置されている。 Specifically, the scraping blade 46 includes two U-shaped lower dispersion blade pieces 46a fixed to a sleeve 46b fitted and fixed to the stirring shaft 41 so as to have a central angle of 180 °. It is composed of a scraping blade piece 46c having a U-shaped cross section provided on the tip end side of the lower dispersed blade piece 46a. The scraping blade piece 46c is arranged in an inclined posture so as to face the funnel-shaped portion 24 of the side wall of the fermenter 20, and one end of the lower dispersion blade piece 46a is fixed to the sleeve 46b and the other end is fixed to the blade piece 46c. It is arranged in a horizontal position so as to be.

断面コの字状に形成された各羽根片46a,46cの開口が回転方向を向くように配され、発酵槽20の底部に沈降した発酵不適物をコの字状の凹部で捕捉して筒状部73に向けて掻き寄せるように動作する。その過程で発酵不適物に混入している発酵適物が撹拌されて発酵処理が促される。 The openings of the blade pieces 46a and 46c formed in a U-shape in cross section are arranged so as to face the rotation direction, and the unsuitable material settled at the bottom of the fermenter 20 is captured by the U-shaped recess to form a cylinder. It operates so as to scrape toward the shape portion 73. In the process, the fermentation-suitable material mixed in the fermentation-suitable material is agitated to promote the fermentation process.

つまり、発酵槽20の内部に沈降した発酵不適物が底部に堆積しないように、また発酵不適物により架橋の発生を回避するべく、掻き寄せ羽根片46cによって不適物排出機構70に効率的に掻き寄せられる。その過程で発酵不適物に混入している被処理物が下部分散羽根片46aにより撹拌されて発酵処理が促される。なお、各羽根片46a,46cは断面コの字状に形成されることが必須ではなく、単に平坦な板状体で構成されていてもよい。筒状部付近まで撹拌軸が延出しているのは、架橋を破壊するためであり、その部位に突起を設けるとさらにその効果が上昇する。 That is, in order to prevent the unsuitable material settled inside the fermentation tank 20 from accumulating on the bottom and to avoid the occurrence of cross-linking due to the unsuitable fermentation material, the scraping blade piece 46c efficiently scrapes the unsuitable material discharge mechanism 70. It is sent. In the process, the object to be treated mixed with the unsuitable material for fermentation is agitated by the lower dispersion blade piece 46a to promote the fermentation process. The blade pieces 46a and 46c are not necessarily formed in a U-shaped cross section, and may be simply formed of a flat plate-like body. The reason why the stirring shaft extends to the vicinity of the tubular portion is to break the crosslink, and if a protrusion is provided at that portion, the effect is further enhanced.

図7(a),(b)には、撹拌羽根駆動機構43の構成が示されている。図7(a)では、モータ45の出力軸45Aに備えたギヤG0と第1ギヤG1及び第2ギヤG2が噛合し、第1ギヤG1の回転が第3ギヤG3及び第4ギヤG4を介して撹拌軸41Bに駆動力が伝達され、第2ギヤG2の回転が第5ギヤG5及び第6ギヤG6を介して撹拌軸41Aに駆動力が伝達される。ギヤG1,G2,G4,G6の歯数により撹拌軸41A,42Bの回転数が異なる値に設定されている。この例では撹拌軸41Aが撹拌軸41Bより回転速度が遅くなるように構成されている。 7 (a) and 7 (b) show the configuration of the stirring blade drive mechanism 43. In FIG. 7A, the gear G0 provided on the output shaft 45A of the motor 45 meshes with the first gear G1 and the second gear G2, and the rotation of the first gear G1 passes through the third gear G3 and the fourth gear G4. The driving force is transmitted to the stirring shaft 41B, and the rotation of the second gear G2 is transmitted to the stirring shaft 41A via the fifth gear G5 and the sixth gear G6. The rotation speeds of the stirring shafts 41A and 42B are set to different values depending on the number of teeth of the gears G1, G2, G4, and G6. In this example, the stirring shaft 41A is configured to have a slower rotation speed than the stirring shaft 41B.

図7(b)では、モータ45の出力軸45Aに備えたギヤG0と第1ギヤG1及び第2ギヤG2が噛合し、第1ギヤG1の回転が第3ギヤG3及び第4ギヤG4を介して撹拌軸41Bに駆動力が伝達され、第2ギヤG2の回転が第5ギヤG5、第7ギヤG7及び第6ギヤG6を介して撹拌軸41Aに駆動力が伝達される。ギヤG1,G2,G4,G6の歯数により撹拌軸41A,42Bの回転数が異なる値に設定され、またギヤG7により撹拌軸41A,42Bの回転方向が逆になるように構成されている。 In FIG. 7B, the gear G0 provided on the output shaft 45A of the motor 45 meshes with the first gear G1 and the second gear G2, and the rotation of the first gear G1 passes through the third gear G3 and the fourth gear G4. The driving force is transmitted to the stirring shaft 41B, and the rotation of the second gear G2 is transmitted to the stirring shaft 41A via the fifth gear G5, the seventh gear G7, and the sixth gear G6. The rotation speeds of the stirring shafts 41A and 42B are set to different values depending on the number of teeth of the gears G1, G2, G4 and G6, and the rotation directions of the stirring shafts 41A and 42B are reversed by the gear G7.

図7(a)に示した撹拌羽根駆動機構43を採用すると、沈降促進羽根42及び沈降促進羽根42の直下の分散羽根44の回転速度と、中段及び最下段の分散羽根44及び掻き寄せ羽根46の回転速度が異なる値で同じ方向に回転するようになる。図7(b)に示した撹拌羽根駆動機構43を採用すると、沈降促進羽根42及び沈降促進羽根42の直下の分散羽根44の回転速度と、中段及び最下段の分散羽根44及び掻き寄せ羽根46の回転速度が異なる値で互いに逆の方向に回転するようになる。 When the stirring blade drive mechanism 43 shown in FIG. 7A is adopted, the rotation speed of the settling promotion blade 42 and the dispersion blade 44 directly below the settling promotion blade 42, and the dispersion blade 44 and the scraping blade 46 in the middle and bottom stages are adopted. The rotation speed of is different and it will rotate in the same direction. When the stirring blade drive mechanism 43 shown in FIG. 7B is adopted, the rotation speed of the settling promotion blade 42 and the dispersion blade 44 directly below the settling promotion blade 42, and the dispersion blade 44 and the scraping blade 46 in the middle and bottom stages are adopted. Rotate at different values and rotate in opposite directions.

複数の撹拌羽根40を一定の回転数で一定の方向に回転すると、例えば発酵液の粘度が高くなった場合に、発酵液が撹拌羽根40の動きに伴って移動する供回り状態になり、発酵液と有機性廃棄物との撹拌が十分に行なうことができない虞がある。しかし、撹拌羽根駆動機構43により複数の撹拌羽根40のうち少なくとも隣接する一組の撹拌羽根の回転数または回転方向を異ならせることで、粘度の高い状態の発酵液を一組の撹拌羽根の間でせん断する流れが発生し、このせん断流れによって撹拌効果を高めることができるようになる。この場合の隣接する一組の撹拌羽根とは、最上段の分散羽根44と中段の分散羽根44を指す。 When a plurality of stirring blades 40 are rotated in a certain direction at a constant rotation speed, for example, when the viscosity of the fermentation broth becomes high, the fermentation broth becomes a rotating state in which the fermentation broth moves with the movement of the stirring blades 40, and fermentation occurs. There is a risk that the liquid and the organic waste cannot be sufficiently agitated. However, the stirring blade drive mechanism 43 causes at least one set of stirring blades adjacent to each other among the plurality of stirring blades 40 to have different rotation speeds or rotation directions, so that the fermented liquid in a highly viscous state is placed between the set of stirring blades. A flow of shearing occurs at, and this shearing flow makes it possible to enhance the stirring effect. In this case, the adjacent set of stirring blades refers to the dispersion blade 44 in the uppermost stage and the dispersion blade 44 in the middle stage.

図8に示すように、沈降促進羽根42と、上段及び中段の分散羽根44が撹拌軸41Aに取り付けられ、最下段の分散羽根44が撹拌軸41Bに取り付けられてもよい。この場合の一組の撹拌羽根とは、中段の分散羽根44と最下段の分散羽根44を指し、中段の分散羽根44と最下段の分散羽根44の回転数または回転方向を異ならせるように構成することで粘度の高い状態の発酵液を一組の撹拌羽根の間でせん断する流れが発生し、このせん断流れによって撹拌効果を高めることができるようになる。 As shown in FIG. 8, the settling promoting blade 42 and the upper and middle dispersion blades 44 may be attached to the stirring shaft 41A, and the lowermost dispersion blade 44 may be attached to the stirring shaft 41B. In this case, the set of stirring blades refers to the middle stage dispersion blade 44 and the bottom stage dispersion blade 44, and is configured to have different rotation speeds or rotation directions of the middle stage dispersion blade 44 and the bottom stage dispersion blade 44. As a result, a flow of shearing the highly viscous fermented liquid between the set of stirring blades is generated, and the stirring effect can be enhanced by this shearing flow.

つまり、発酵処理装置は、発酵槽20に回転可能に支持された撹拌軸41に当該撹拌軸41の軸心に沿って異なる位置に配された複数の撹拌羽根42,44,46を有し、発酵槽20に投入された有機性廃棄物を槽内で撹拌する撹拌機構40を備え、前記複数の撹拌羽根42,44,46のうち少なくとも隣接する一組の撹拌羽根42,44,46の回転数または回転方向を異ならせる撹拌羽根駆動機構43を備えている。 That is, the fermentation processing apparatus has a plurality of stirring blades 42, 44, 46 arranged at different positions along the axis of the stirring shaft 41 on the stirring shaft 41 rotatably supported by the fermenter 20. A stirring mechanism 40 for stirring the organic waste charged into the fermenter 20 in the tank is provided, and at least one set of stirring blades 42, 44, 46 adjacent to the plurality of stirring blades 42, 44, 46 rotates. The stirring blade drive mechanism 43 for changing the number or the direction of rotation is provided.

なお、撹拌羽根駆動機構43の構成はこの様なギヤを用いた構成に限らず、少なくとも撹拌軸41A,42Bの回転速度や回転方向を異ならせることができれば公知の他の駆動伝達機構、例えばベルト式無段変速機構などを用いて実現することができる。 The configuration of the stirring blade drive mechanism 43 is not limited to the configuration using such gears, and if at least the rotation speed and rotation direction of the stirring shafts 41A and 42B can be changed, another known drive transmission mechanism, for example, a belt. It can be realized by using a continuously variable transmission mechanism or the like.

複数の撹拌羽根42,44のうち少なくとも隣接する一組の撹拌羽根42,44,46の回転数または回転方向を異ならせることができればよいのであるが、隣接する複数組の撹拌羽根42,44,46の回転数または回転方向を異ならせるように構成してもよい。例えば、撹拌軸41を同軸の多重管で構成し、各撹拌軸41に撹拌羽根を取り付けて、撹拌軸41の回転数や回転方向を異ならせるように構成してもよい。 It suffices if at least one set of the stirring blades 42, 44, 46 adjacent to each other among the plurality of stirring blades 42, 44 can have different rotation speeds or rotation directions, but the plurality of adjacent sets of stirring blades 42, 44, It may be configured so that the number of rotations or the direction of rotation of 46 is different. For example, the stirring shaft 41 may be configured by a coaxial multiplex tube, and stirring blades may be attached to each stirring shaft 41 so that the rotation speed and the rotation direction of the stirring shaft 41 are different.

また、ギヤ伝達比を可変設定できるように撹拌羽根駆動機構43を構成し、全点にあるの撹拌羽根を同一速度で同一方向に回転駆動する第1態様と、少なくとも隣接する一組の撹拌羽根42,44,46の回転数または回転方向を異ならせる第2態様に切り替え自在に構成してもよい。そして、第1態様で発酵槽20の複数個所で発酵液をサンプリングして、その結果、組成のばらつきが大きいときに発酵液と撹拌羽根の供回りが発生していると判断して第2態様に切り替えるように構成してもよい。 Further, the first mode in which the stirring blade drive mechanism 43 is configured so that the gear transmission ratio can be variably set and the stirring blades at all points are rotationally driven in the same direction at the same speed, and at least one set of stirring blades adjacent to each other are rotationally driven. It may be configured to be switchable to the second mode in which the rotation speed or the rotation direction of 42, 44, 46 is different. Then, in the first aspect, the fermented liquid is sampled at a plurality of places in the fermenter 20, and as a result, it is determined that the fermentation liquid and the stirring blade are rotated when the composition variation is large, and the second aspect is made. It may be configured to switch to.

上述した実施形態では、撹拌軸41が外側に配置された筒状の撹拌軸41Aと、撹拌軸41Aの内部に収容され撹拌軸41Aと同軸心の撹拌軸41Bを備えて構成された例を説明したが、撹拌軸41Bの内部にさらに第3の撹拌軸を同軸心に配置した三重の撹拌軸を構成してもよい。なお、この場合も撹拌羽根駆動機構43は上述のギヤを用いた伝達機構を用いて構成することができる。 In the above-described embodiment, an example will be described in which the stirring shaft 41 is provided with a tubular stirring shaft 41A arranged on the outside and a stirring shaft 41B housed inside the stirring shaft 41A and coaxial with the stirring shaft 41A. However, a triple stirring shaft may be configured in which a third stirring shaft is further arranged coaxially inside the stirring shaft 41B. Also in this case, the stirring blade drive mechanism 43 can be configured by using the transmission mechanism using the above-mentioned gear.

例えば、撹拌軸41Aに上段の撹拌羽根を取付け、撹拌軸41Bに中段の撹拌羽根を取付け、第3の撹拌軸に下段の撹拌羽根を取り付けることで、発酵槽20内で上層、中層、下層の其々で撹拌羽根の回転数及び/または回転方向を異ならせて、発酵槽に充填された発酵液の旋回流の流速または向きを上層、中層、下層の其々で異ならせることができる。 For example, by attaching the upper stirring blade to the stirring shaft 41A, attaching the middle stirring blade to the stirring shaft 41B, and attaching the lower stirring blade to the third stirring shaft, the upper layer, middle layer, and lower layer can be formed in the fermenter 20. The rotation speed and / or rotation direction of the stirring blade can be different for each, and the flow velocity or direction of the swirling flow of the fermented liquid filled in the fermenter can be different for each of the upper layer, the middle layer, and the lower layer.

上述した実施形態では、撹拌羽根の回転数及び/または回転方向を異ならせる態様を説明したが、撹拌羽根を板状に形成して、回転方向に対する傾斜角度を切り替えるように構成してもよい。 In the above-described embodiment, the mode in which the rotation speed and / or the rotation direction of the stirring blades are different has been described, but the stirring blades may be formed in a plate shape so as to switch the inclination angle with respect to the rotation direction.

例えば、回転方向に対して前傾姿勢となるように傾斜角度を設定している場合に、回転方向が同じであっても後傾姿勢となるように傾斜角度を切り替えたり、同じ前傾姿勢であっても角度をさらに大きくするか小さくするかを切り替えたり、回転方向の切り替えと同時に傾斜角度を切り替えたりすることができる。 For example, when the tilt angle is set so that it is in a forward leaning posture with respect to the rotation direction, the tilt angle is switched so that it is in a backward leaning posture even if the rotation direction is the same, or in the same forward leaning posture. Even if there is, it is possible to switch whether the angle is further increased or decreased, and to switch the tilt angle at the same time as switching the rotation direction.

上下に隣接する撹拌羽根の双方に対して傾斜姿勢を逆方向に切り替えたり、或いは同方向に切り替えたりしてもよく、回転方向及び/または回転数とともに傾斜姿勢を切り替えてもよい。 The tilting posture may be switched in the opposite direction or the same direction for both of the stirring blades adjacent to the top and bottom, and the tilting posture may be switched with the rotation direction and / or the rotation speed.

撹拌羽根の姿勢を切り替えるために撹拌羽根を水平軸芯周りに揺動できるように撹拌軸に取り付けるとともに、撹拌羽根を揺動操作するアクチュエータを回転軸に収容しておけばよい。アクチュエータを駆動する電動モータまたは油圧機構を発酵槽20の上部に備えた蓋体25に設置すればよい。 In order to switch the posture of the stirring blade, the stirring blade may be attached to the stirring shaft so that it can swing around the horizontal axis, and an actuator for swinging the stirring blade may be housed in the rotating shaft. An electric motor or a hydraulic mechanism for driving the actuator may be installed on the lid 25 provided in the upper part of the fermenter 20.

[発酵処理装置に組み込まれた投入機構の説明]
図3及び図4(a)〜(e)に示すように、投入機構30は、発酵槽20に有機性廃棄物を投入するための機構であり、水平面に対して所定の傾斜角度θとなる傾斜姿勢で発酵槽20の壁部に形成されたフランジ管36に、先端側が下向きとなるように挿入されフランジ固定された断面が矩形の筒状ケーシング31(図4(e)参照。)と、筒状ケーシング31に内装された断面が矩形の押圧体32と、筒状ケーシング31の軸心に沿って押圧体32を進退駆動する油圧式の駆動機構33とを備えた押込み投入機構30で構成されている。
[Explanation of the input mechanism incorporated in the fermentation processing device]
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 (a) to 4 (e), the charging mechanism 30 is a mechanism for charging organic waste into the fermenter 20, and has a predetermined inclination angle θ with respect to the horizontal plane. A tubular casing 31 (see FIG. 4E) having a rectangular cross section inserted into a flange tube 36 formed on the wall of the fermenter 20 in an inclined posture so that the tip side faces downward and fixed to the flange. The push-in mechanism 30 includes a pressing body 32 having a rectangular cross section and a hydraulic drive mechanism 33 for moving the pressing body 32 forward and backward along the axial center of the tubular casing 31. Has been done.

筒状ケーシング31の先端部FEが発酵槽20内で発酵液中に浸漬するように、発酵槽20の側壁に備えたフランジ管36に挿入固定されている。本実施形態では、フランジ管36が水平面に対して約30°の傾斜姿勢に設定され、筒状ケーシング31の傾斜姿勢も水平面に対して約30°の傾斜姿勢に設定されている。なお、本実施形態では約30°の傾斜姿勢に設定されているが、15〜45°の範囲で適宜設定可能である。従って、筒状ケーシング31の他端側に配された駆動機構33が発酵液中に没することなく、また確実に水封できるようになる。 The tip FE of the tubular casing 31 is inserted and fixed in the flange tube 36 provided on the side wall of the fermenter 20 so as to be immersed in the fermented liquid in the fermenter 20. In the present embodiment, the flange pipe 36 is set to an inclined posture of about 30 ° with respect to the horizontal plane, and the inclined posture of the tubular casing 31 is also set to an inclined posture of about 30 ° with respect to the horizontal plane. In the present embodiment, the tilted posture is set to about 30 °, but it can be appropriately set in the range of 15 to 45 °. Therefore, the drive mechanism 33 arranged on the other end side of the tubular casing 31 can be reliably water-sealed without being submerged in the fermentation broth.

さらに、有機性廃棄物を筒状ケーシング31の先端から押込み投入機構30に供給するホッパー機構35が押込み投入機構30の上部に設けられている。ホッパー機構35は、開閉自在な蓋体35cを備えた投入部である上部開口35dから垂下する4枚の側壁35aにより角筒状の収容部が形成され、側壁35aのうち平面視で筒状ケーシング31の軸心を挟むように設けられた一対の対向壁に連なり、下端に向けて次第に幅狭となる傾斜壁部35bが形成されている。 Further, a hopper mechanism 35 that supplies organic waste from the tip of the tubular casing 31 to the push-in mechanism 30 is provided above the push-in mechanism 30. In the hopper mechanism 35, a square tubular accommodating portion is formed by four side walls 35a hanging from an upper opening 35d, which is a loading portion provided with a lid 35c that can be opened and closed, and a tubular casing of the side walls 35a in a plan view. An inclined wall portion 35b is formed which is connected to a pair of facing walls provided so as to sandwich the axial center of 31 and gradually narrows toward the lower end.

図4(a)には説明の便宜上、蓋体35cを破線で示している。当該蓋体35は一端部で側壁35aにヒンジ機構hを介して開閉自在に取り付けられている。また、図4(c)で示す符号35hは点検窓である。 In FIG. 4A, the lid body 35c is shown by a broken line for convenience of explanation. The lid 35 is attached to the side wall 35a at one end via a hinge mechanism h so as to be openable and closable. Reference numeral 35h shown in FIG. 4C is an inspection window.

上部開口35dからから収容部に投入された発酵適物が、傾斜壁部35bの下端開口から押込み投入機構30の筒状ケーシング31に形成された開口部31aを介して筒状ケーシング31内に落下供給されるように構成されている。 Fermentation suitable material charged into the accommodating portion from the upper opening 35d falls into the tubular casing 31 from the lower end opening of the inclined wall portion 35b through the opening 31a formed in the tubular casing 31 of the push-in mechanism 30. It is configured to be supplied.

つまり、投入機構30の一部を構成する筒状ケーシング31の上部に、長手方向が筒状ケーシング31の軸心に沿う形状の開口部31aが形成され、開口部31aの各長手方向縁部に傾斜壁部35bの各下端35u(図4(a)参照。)が段差なく連なるように配置されている。 That is, an opening 31a having a shape in the longitudinal direction along the axial center of the tubular casing 31 is formed on the upper portion of the tubular casing 31 forming a part of the charging mechanism 30, and is formed at each longitudinal edge of the opening 31a. Each lower end 35u (see FIG. 4A) of the inclined wall portion 35b is arranged so as to be continuous without a step.

そして、押圧体32の押圧面32aが、開口部31aの各長手方向縁部と傾斜壁部35bの各下端の連接部P1,P2を通る仮想平面Pよりも上方に延出する矩形形状に構成され、また筒状ケーシング31に連なる傾斜壁部35bの傾斜角度が水平方向に対して10〜60度、好ましくは30〜50度の範囲の傾斜角に設定されている(図4(f)参照。)。 Then, the pressing surface 32a of the pressing body 32 is configured to have a rectangular shape extending upward from the virtual plane P passing through the connecting portions P1 and P2 at the respective longitudinal edges of the opening 31a and the lower ends of the inclined wall portions 35b. In addition, the inclination angle of the inclined wall portion 35b connected to the tubular casing 31 is set to an inclination angle in the range of 10 to 60 degrees, preferably 30 to 50 degrees with respect to the horizontal direction (see FIG. 4 (f)). .).

この様な構成を採用することにより、ホッパー機構35に投入された有機性廃棄物が傾斜壁部35bの下端近傍で圧密化されてブリッジが生じる虞があるような場合でも、当該押圧面32aによって圧密部が削り取られる結果、傾斜壁部35bの下端近傍の有機性廃棄物の重量バランスが崩れてブリッジの発生が阻止される。またホッパー機構35の傾斜壁部35bの下端近傍でブリッジが生じていても、当該押圧面32aによって圧密部が削り取られるためにブリッジが破壊される。 By adopting such a configuration, even if there is a possibility that the organic waste charged into the hopper mechanism 35 may be consolidated near the lower end of the inclined wall portion 35b to form a bridge, the pressing surface 32a may be used. As a result of the consolidation portion being scraped off, the weight balance of the organic waste near the lower end of the inclined wall portion 35b is lost and the formation of a bridge is prevented. Further, even if a bridge is formed near the lower end of the inclined wall portion 35b of the hopper mechanism 35, the bridge is destroyed because the compacted portion is scraped off by the pressing surface 32a.

しかも、被処理物が生ごみや紙ごみなどの有機性固形廃棄物である場合、流動性の高い下水汚泥、し尿、家畜糞尿、農業系残渣、食品廃棄物などである場合、それらの混合物である場合など何れの場合でも、発酵槽20の側壁に押圧体32が内装された筒状ケーシング31が傾斜姿勢で取付けられているため、駆動機構33により進退駆動される押圧体32によって安定して発酵槽20に押込み投入できるようになる。 Moreover, if the object to be treated is organic solid waste such as kitchen waste or paper waste, or if it is highly fluid sewage sludge, human waste, livestock manure, agricultural residue, food waste, etc., it is a mixture of these. In any case, such as in some cases, since the tubular casing 31 in which the pressing body 32 is built is attached to the side wall of the fermenter 20 in an inclined posture, it is stably driven by the pressing body 32 that is driven forward and backward by the drive mechanism 33. It can be pushed into the fermenter 20.

筒状ケーシング31の先端FEが押圧体32の最大進出位置よりさらに先端側に延出形成されている。そのため、押圧体32が後退駆動された場合に、押圧体32により押圧され圧密化された有機性廃棄物が筒状ケーシング31の先端FEに残存してシール機能が発揮されるようになる。その結果、発酵槽20内の発酵液が筒状ケーシング31内に多量に流入するようなことがなく、また発酵ガスが筒状ケーシング31内に漏洩するようなことが回避できる。 The tip FE of the tubular casing 31 is formed so as to extend further toward the tip side from the maximum advance position of the pressing body 32. Therefore, when the pressing body 32 is driven backward, the organic waste pressed and compacted by the pressing body 32 remains on the tip FE of the tubular casing 31 and the sealing function is exhibited. As a result, it is possible to prevent a large amount of the fermented liquid in the fermenter 20 from flowing into the tubular casing 31 and prevent the fermentation gas from leaking into the tubular casing 31.

さらに、筒状ケーシング31の先端FEの開口が側面視で鉛直または鋭角な端縁に形成されている。従って、発酵槽20の内部で生じた発酵ガスが発酵液内を鉛直方向に上昇する際に、筒状ケーシング31の内に流入して外部に漏洩するような不都合な事態の発生を回避することができる。 Further, the opening of the tip FE of the tubular casing 31 is formed at a vertical or acute-angled edge when viewed from the side. Therefore, when the fermentation gas generated inside the fermenter 20 rises vertically in the fermentation broth, it is possible to avoid the occurrence of an inconvenient situation in which the fermentation gas flows into the tubular casing 31 and leaks to the outside. Can be done.

ホッパー機構35の筒状ケーシング31壁部への連通位置CA近傍が発酵槽20内の発酵液の液面となるようにホッパー機構35の筒状ケーシング31への取付け位置が設定されている(図4(b)参照。)。この様な設定によれば、筒状ケーシング31に流入した発酵液がホッパー機構35から外部に漏洩することがなく、またホッパー機構35から供給される有機性廃棄物に適度な水分が付与されるので、発酵槽20に押込み投入された後に発酵液中で速やかに分散するようになる。 Communication position of the hopper mechanism 35 to the wall of the tubular casing 31 The mounting position of the hopper mechanism 35 to the tubular casing 31 is set so that the vicinity of CA is the liquid level of the fermented liquid in the fermenter 20 (FIG. See 4 (b).). According to such a setting, the fermented liquid flowing into the tubular casing 31 does not leak to the outside from the hopper mechanism 35, and an appropriate amount of water is imparted to the organic waste supplied from the hopper mechanism 35. Therefore, after being pushed into the fermenter 20 and charged, it quickly disperses in the fermented liquid.

ホッパー機構35は、矩形形状の上部開口から垂下する側壁を備えた角筒状の収容部35aと、収容部35aの下端が筒状ケーシング31に向けて先窄まり形状となる傾斜壁部35bで構成されるロート状部を備えて構成され、収容部35aに投入された有機性固形廃棄物である可燃性ごみを選別した発酵適物に加えて、し尿や浄化槽汚泥さらには下水汚泥が一緒に投入され、内部に堆積された状態で混合されつつ押込み投入機構30により発酵槽20内部に投入される。 The hopper mechanism 35 is composed of a square tubular accommodating portion 35a having a side wall that hangs down from a rectangular upper opening, and an inclined wall portion 35b in which the lower end of the accommodating portion 35a is narrowed toward the tubular casing 31. Combustible waste, which is an organic solid waste charged into the casing 35a, is provided with a funnel-shaped portion, and is suitable for fermentation. In addition, human waste, septic tank sludge, and sewage sludge are also included. It is charged and charged into the fermenter 20 by the push-in mechanism 30 while being mixed in a state of being deposited inside.

筒状ケーシング31に連接されるホッパー機構35の壁部35aのうち押圧体32の進出方向側の前壁部35eが筒状ケーシング31との連接部位で押圧体32の進出方向に向けた傾斜姿勢に形成されている(図4(b),(d)参照。)。 Of the wall portion 35a of the hopper mechanism 35 connected to the tubular casing 31, the front wall portion 35e on the advancing direction side of the pressing body 32 is in an inclined posture toward the advancing direction of the pressing body 32 at the connecting portion with the tubular casing 31. (See FIGS. 4 (b) and 4 (d)).

押圧体32により筒状ケーシング31内を押圧される有機性廃棄物は、筒状ケーシング31に連接された前壁部35eとの間で圧密される際に前壁部35e及び押圧体32に圧密応力が作用する。このとき、押圧体32の進出方向側の前壁部35eが筒状ケーシング31との連接部位で押圧体32の進出方向に向けた傾斜姿勢に形成されていると、押圧体32の上部近傍の有機性廃棄物の一部が傾斜姿勢の前壁部35eに形成された空間に逃げるため、急激な圧密作用が回避され、円滑に押圧供給されるようになる。 The organic waste pressed in the tubular casing 31 by the pressing body 32 is compacted into the front wall portion 35e and the pressing body 32 when it is consolidated with the front wall portion 35e connected to the tubular casing 31. Stress acts. At this time, if the front wall portion 35e on the advancing direction side of the pressing body 32 is formed in an inclined posture toward the advancing direction of the pressing body 32 at the connecting portion with the tubular casing 31, it is near the upper part of the pressing body 32. Since a part of the organic waste escapes to the space formed in the front wall portion 35e in the inclined posture, a sudden consolidation action is avoided and the pressure is smoothly supplied.

筒状ケーシング31に連接されるホッパー機構35の壁部35aのうち押圧体32の後退方向側の後壁部35fは、開口部31aより押圧体32の後退方向側に位置している。 Of the wall portion 35a of the hopper mechanism 35 connected to the tubular casing 31, the rear wall portion 35f on the retracting direction side of the pressing body 32 is located on the retracting direction side of the pressing body 32 from the opening 31a.

押圧体32を最大進出位置まで駆動した際に、押圧体32の後端壁より後方に開口部31aから有機性廃棄物が落下することがないように、開口部31aの長手方向長さより押圧体32の長さを長くする必要があり、それだけ部品コストが嵩むという不都合が生じる。そこで、開口部31aの長手方向長さを制限すると、それに伴ってホッパー機構35の容量を制限せざるを得なくなる。そのような場合でも、筒状ケーシング31に連接されるホッパー機構35の壁部35aのうち押圧体32の後退方向側の後壁部35fが開口部31aより後退方向側に位置するように構成すれば、押圧体32の長さを制限して部品コストを低減しながらもホッパー機構35の容量を確保することができるようになる。 When the pressing body 32 is driven to the maximum advance position, the pressing body is longer than the length of the opening 31a in the longitudinal direction so that organic waste does not fall from the opening 31a behind the rear end wall of the pressing body 32. It is necessary to increase the length of 32, which causes a disadvantage that the component cost increases accordingly. Therefore, if the length of the opening 31a in the longitudinal direction is limited, the capacity of the hopper mechanism 35 must be limited accordingly. Even in such a case, of the wall portion 35a of the hopper mechanism 35 connected to the tubular casing 31, the rear wall portion 35f on the receding direction side of the pressing body 32 is configured to be located on the receding direction side from the opening 31a. For example, the capacity of the hopper mechanism 35 can be secured while limiting the length of the pressing body 32 to reduce the cost of parts.

図6(a),(b)には、筒状ケーシング31に沿って押圧体32が最後端付近まで後退駆動された状態及び最前端まで進出駆動された状態が示されている。後退駆動された押圧体32の最後端位置は、筒状ケーシング31の開口部31aのうちホッパー機構35の後端壁35f側で、押圧体32の先端が僅かに開口部31aから覗える程度に筒状ケーシング内に位置するように設定されている。 6 (a) and 6 (b) show a state in which the pressing body 32 is driven backward to the vicinity of the rearmost end and a state in which the pressing body 32 is driven forward to the front end along the tubular casing 31. The rearmost end position of the pressing body 32 driven backward is on the rear end wall 35f side of the hopper mechanism 35 in the opening 31a of the tubular casing 31 so that the tip of the pressing body 32 can be slightly seen from the opening 31a. It is set to be located inside the tubular casing.

押圧体32の押圧面32aが進出方向に対して垂直な面に形成されることにより有機性廃棄物に対して最大の押圧力が作用する。そして、筒状ケーシング31内で押圧体32が最大進出位置に達した後に後退駆動されると、筒状ケーシング31内に形成された空洞部にホッパー35から新たな有機性廃棄物が落下供給される。 Since the pressing surface 32a of the pressing body 32 is formed on a surface perpendicular to the advancing direction, the maximum pressing force acts on the organic waste. Then, when the pressing body 32 is driven backward after reaching the maximum advance position in the tubular casing 31, new organic waste is dropped and supplied from the hopper 35 to the cavity formed in the tubular casing 31. NS.

図6(a),(b)に示すように、本実施形態では、押圧体32の押圧面32aが進出方向に対して垂直な面に形成されるとともに、側面視で上部から下部に向けて段階的に突出する階段形状に形成されており、有機性廃棄物に対して最大の押圧力を作用させながらも、筒状ケーシング31の下部側の押圧面で押圧される有機性廃棄物が筒状ケーシング31の上部側の押圧面で押圧される有機性廃棄物よりも筒状ケーシング31のより先端側Fまで押圧されるように構成されている。 As shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, in the present embodiment, the pressing surface 32a of the pressing body 32 is formed on a surface perpendicular to the advancing direction, and the pressing surface 32a is formed from the upper part to the lower part in the side view. It is formed in a stepped shape that projects step by step, and while applying the maximum pressing force to the organic waste, the organic waste pressed by the pressing surface on the lower side of the tubular casing 31 is a cylinder. It is configured to be pressed to the tip end side F of the tubular casing 31 rather than the organic waste pressed by the pressing surface on the upper side of the cylindrical casing 31.

そのため、押圧体32が後退駆動された際に筒状ケーシング31内に形成される空洞部の容積が平坦な押圧面で押圧された場合より大きくなり、それだけ多量の有機性廃棄物が筒状ケーシング31内に落下供給可能になる。 Therefore, when the pressing body 32 is driven backward, the volume of the cavity formed in the tubular casing 31 is larger than that when the pressing body 32 is pressed by the flat pressing surface, and a large amount of organic waste is discharged into the tubular casing. Drop supply becomes possible within 31.

押圧面32aに形成された階段形状の傾斜角度(筒状ケーシング31の軸心に対する段差部の先端包絡面の傾斜角度α)は筒状ケーシング31の軸心の直交面に対して筒状ケーシング31の傾斜角度θ以上の角度に設定されていることが好ましい。ホッパー機構35から筒状ケーシング31内に鉛直方向に落下する有機性廃棄物の落下軌跡上に先に押圧された有機性廃棄物が存在することがなくなるので、それだけ多量の有機性廃棄物が落下供給されるようになる。 The stepped inclination angle (inclination angle α of the tip entanglement surface of the step portion with respect to the axial center of the tubular casing 31) formed on the pressing surface 32a is the tubular casing 31 with respect to the orthogonal plane of the axial center of the tubular casing 31. It is preferable that the inclination angle is set to θ or more. Since the previously pressed organic waste does not exist on the falling locus of the organic waste falling vertically from the hopper mechanism 35 into the tubular casing 31, a large amount of the organic waste falls. Will be supplied.

さらに、筒状ケーシング31とホッパー機構35の進出方向側の壁部35eとの連接部位またはその近傍に一端側が固定され、開口部に沿って他端側がホッパー機構35の投入部35dに掛け渡された索状体35gを備えている。 Further, one end side is fixed at or near the connecting portion between the tubular casing 31 and the wall portion 35e on the advancing direction side of the hopper mechanism 35, and the other end side is hung on the charging portion 35d of the hopper mechanism 35 along the opening. It is provided with 35 g of a casing.

仮にホッパー機構35の傾斜壁部35bでブリッジが発生した場合でも、投入部35dに掛け渡された索状体35gを牽引操作することにより、容易くブリッジを崩壊させることができる。なお、ワイヤーやチェーンで索状体35gを構成することができる。また、索状体35gの一端側が固定される連接部位には、前壁部35eの傾斜部によって空間が形成されているため、押圧体32が最大進出位置まで駆動された場合でも、押圧体32と干渉することがない。なお、押圧体32と索状体35gを連動させて、索状体35gの牽引を自動化してもよい。 Even if a bridge is generated at the inclined wall portion 35b of the hopper mechanism 35, the bridge can be easily collapsed by pulling the cord-like body 35g hung on the loading portion 35d. The cord-like body 35 g can be formed of a wire or a chain. Further, since a space is formed by the inclined portion of the front wall portion 35e at the connecting portion where one end side of the cord-shaped body 35g is fixed, even when the pressing body 32 is driven to the maximum advance position, the pressing body 32 Does not interfere with. The pressing body 32 and the cord-shaped body 35 g may be linked to automate the traction of the cord-shaped body 35 g.

当該押圧体32は、先端側の階段状の押圧面23aを構成するブロックを含めて、筒状ケーシング31の軸心方向に分割可能な複数の押圧体片32cで構成されている。押圧体32が筒状ケーシング31に沿って進退駆動される際に、筒状ケーシング31の内壁と押圧体32との間で有機性廃棄物や異物などが挟み込まれる虞があり、それによって押圧体32が摩耗する場合がある。そのような場合に押圧体32を筒状ケーシング32の軸心方向に分割可能な複数の押圧体片32cで構成しておけば、摩耗した押圧体片32cのみ交換すればよいので、コストの低減を図ることができる。押圧体32を樹脂材料で構成すれば、筒状ケーシング31の摩耗を防止し、滑りを良くすることができ、発酵液に起因する酸腐食も回避できる。また、原料の送り量を増やすために開口を大きくする場合に、押圧体32も長くするする必要がある。そのような場合でも押圧体32の長さを容易に調整できる。押圧体32の強度を上げるために、押圧体32をSUSで一体に製作することもできる。 The pressing body 32 is composed of a plurality of pressing body pieces 32c that can be divided in the axial direction of the tubular casing 31, including a block forming a stepped pressing surface 23a on the tip side. When the pressing body 32 is driven forward and backward along the tubular casing 31, there is a risk that organic waste or foreign matter may be caught between the inner wall of the tubular casing 31 and the pressing body 32, whereby the pressing body 32 may be caught. 32 may wear. In such a case, if the pressing body 32 is composed of a plurality of pressing body pieces 32c that can be divided in the axial direction of the tubular casing 32, only the worn pressing body piece 32c needs to be replaced, so that the cost can be reduced. Can be planned. If the pressing body 32 is made of a resin material, wear of the tubular casing 31 can be prevented, slippage can be improved, and acid corrosion caused by the fermentation broth can be avoided. Further, when the opening is enlarged in order to increase the feed amount of the raw material, it is necessary to lengthen the pressing body 32 as well. Even in such a case, the length of the pressing body 32 can be easily adjusted. In order to increase the strength of the pressing body 32, the pressing body 32 can be integrally manufactured with SUS.

また、押圧体32の後端部32eに先端が固定され、後端が筒状ケーシング31の後端部から突出するストロークゲージ32gが設けられている。油圧式の駆動機構33であるため、筒状ケーシング31内で有機性廃棄物の詰りなどが生じた場合に、最大の圧油が油路に供給されていても押圧体32を駆動するピストンロッドが作動しない場合がある。 Further, a stroke gauge 32g is provided in which the tip is fixed to the rear end portion 32e of the pressing body 32 and the rear end projects from the rear end portion of the tubular casing 31. Since it is a hydraulic drive mechanism 33, a piston rod that drives the pressing body 32 even if the maximum pressure oil is supplied to the oil passage when organic waste is clogged in the tubular casing 31. May not work.

そのような場合に押圧体32が最大進出位置に達しているのか否かを筒状ケーシング31の外部から確認することは困難であるが、ストロークゲージ32gを設けておけば、筒状ケーシング31内部での押圧体31の位置を筒状ケーシング31の外部から容易に確認することができる。 In such a case, it is difficult to confirm from the outside of the tubular casing 31 whether or not the pressing body 32 has reached the maximum advance position, but if a stroke gauge 32 g is provided, the inside of the tubular casing 31 is provided. The position of the pressing body 31 at the above can be easily confirmed from the outside of the tubular casing 31.

なお、押込み投入機構30が垂直姿勢であれば、流動性の高い液分が固形分に優先して槽内に投入され、押込み投入機構30が水平姿勢であれば流動性の高い液分が円滑に搬送されず、何れの場合でも槽内の被処理物の組成が不安定になるが、押込み投入機構30が傾斜姿勢で取付けられていれば、そのような状態の発現が回避される。 If the push-in mechanism 30 is in the vertical position, the highly fluid liquid is charged into the tank in preference to the solid content, and if the push-in mechanism 30 is in the horizontal position, the highly fluid liquid is smoothly charged. In any case, the composition of the object to be treated in the tank becomes unstable, but if the push-in mechanism 30 is mounted in an inclined posture, the occurrence of such a state can be avoided.

発酵液排出口60となるフランジ管が発酵槽20の側壁下部に設けられ、嫌気性発酵処理後の発酵液、つまり消化液が排出される。 A flange tube serving as a fermented liquid discharge port 60 is provided in the lower part of the side wall of the fermenter 20, and the fermented liquid after the anaerobic fermentation treatment, that is, the digested liquid is discharged.

[発酵処理システムの説明]
図2には、発酵処理装置10が組み込まれた発酵処理システムが示されている。ごみ収集車90により収集され家庭ごみヤード91に搬入された家庭ごみは、ホイールローダ92によりコンベア機構に搬送されて破袋機93に投入される。
[Explanation of fermentation processing system]
FIG. 2 shows a fermentation processing system in which the fermentation processing apparatus 10 is incorporated. The household waste collected by the waste collection vehicle 90 and carried into the household waste yard 91 is conveyed to the conveyor mechanism by the wheel loader 92 and put into the bag breaking machine 93.

破袋機93で破袋された家庭ごみは選別機94に投入されて、樹脂などの軽量物発酵不適物94aと金属成分などの重量物発酵不適物94bと、厨芥や紙ごみなどの発酵適物94cに選別され、発酵適物94cは発酵適物ヤード95に集積される。さらに発酵適物ヤード95から適物ホッパー96に投入された発酵適物は破砕分別機97により小片に破砕されて風力及びふるい選別された発酵適物がストックケース80にストックされる。選別機94としてロールスクリーン選別機などが用いられる。 Household waste that has been broken by the bag breaking machine 93 is put into the sorting machine 94, and is suitable for fermentation of lightweight substances such as resin 94a, heavy substances such as metal components 94b, and kitchen waste and paper waste. It is sorted into the fermented product 94c, and the fermented product 94c is accumulated in the fermentation product yard 95. Further, the fermentation suitable material charged from the fermentation suitable material yard 95 into the suitable material hopper 96 is crushed into small pieces by a crushing and sorting machine 97, and the fermentation suitable material selected by wind power and sieving is stocked in the stock case 80. A roll screen sorter or the like is used as the sorter 94.

ストックケース80に充填された有機性廃棄物は電動チェーン機構81によって発酵処理装置10に備えたホッパー機構35に投入され、押込み投入機構30を介して発酵槽20に投入されてメタン発酵処理される。 The organic waste filled in the stock case 80 is charged into the hopper mechanism 35 provided in the fermentation processing device 10 by the electric chain mechanism 81, and is charged into the fermenter 20 via the push-in charging mechanism 30 for methane fermentation treatment. ..

発酵槽20で生成されたメタンガスなどのバイオガスは、ガス排出部50から引抜かれてガスホルダ84に集められ、脱硫塔86で脱硫された後にガス燃焼装置88の燃料に供される。なお、符号87は燃料(LPGボンベ)である。ガス燃焼装置88で加熱された熱水が熱源として発酵槽20の保温用のジャケットなどに供給される。 Biogas such as methane gas generated in the fermenter 20 is drawn from the gas discharge unit 50, collected in the gas holder 84, desulfurized in the desulfurization tower 86, and then used as fuel for the gas combustion apparatus 88. Reference numeral 87 is a fuel (LPG cylinder). The hot water heated by the gas combustion device 88 is supplied as a heat source to a heat-retaining jacket or the like of the fermenter 20.

発酵槽20で嫌気性発酵処理が終了した発酵液は固液分離(脱水処理)されて、液分は活性汚泥が充填された発酵汚泥貯留槽89に貯留される。発酵汚泥貯留槽89から発酵液が混和槽98に導かれて凝集剤が添加された後に汚泥脱水機99に導かれて固液分離され、固形分はストックケース80に充填されて焼却設備に送られ、焼却処理される。液分は生物処理槽89で生物処理され、処理水は放流し、余剰汚泥は発酵槽20に投入され、或いは系外処理される。 The fermented liquid after the anaerobic fermentation treatment in the fermenter 20 is solid-liquid separated (dehydrated), and the liquid is stored in the fermented sludge storage tank 89 filled with activated sludge. The fermented liquid is guided from the fermented sludge storage tank 89 to the mixing tank 98 to add a coagulant, and then guided to the sludge dehydrator 99 for solid-liquid separation. The solid content is filled in the stock case 80 and sent to the incinerator. And incinerated. The liquid is biologically treated in the biological treatment tank 89, the treated water is discharged, and the excess sludge is put into the fermenter 20 or treated outside the system.

上述した発酵処理装置10は、押込み投入機構30の筒状ケーシング31の先端部FEが発酵液中に浸漬するように、発酵槽20の側壁に傾斜姿勢で取付けられ、筒状ケーシング31の先端部が撹拌羽根の近傍に位置するように構成されている。 The above-mentioned fermentation processing apparatus 10 is attached to the side wall of the fermentation tank 20 in an inclined posture so that the tip FE of the tubular casing 31 of the push-in mechanism 30 is immersed in the fermentation broth, and the tip of the tubular casing 31 is attached. Is configured to be located in the vicinity of the stirring blade.

さらに、発酵処理装置10は、発酵槽20の側壁に対する押込み投入機構30の上下方向取付け位置が、被処理物の性状に基づいて調整されるように構成される。 Further, the fermentation processing apparatus 10 is configured so that the vertical mounting position of the push-in mechanism 30 with respect to the side wall of the fermentation tank 20 is adjusted based on the properties of the object to be processed.

例えば、図3に示したように、発酵槽20の側壁の上下に備えたフランジ管36,37の何れかに押込み投入機構30を取り付けるように構成することが望ましい。フランジ管36,37が、発酵槽20の側壁に対する投入機構30の上下方向取付け位置が、被処理物の性状に基づいて調整可能な取付位置調整機構となる。 For example, as shown in FIG. 3, it is desirable that the push-in mechanism 30 is attached to any of the flange tubes 36 and 37 provided above and below the side wall of the fermenter 20. The flange tubes 36 and 37 serve as a mounting position adjusting mechanism in which the vertical mounting position of the charging mechanism 30 with respect to the side wall of the fermenter 20 can be adjusted based on the properties of the object to be processed.

発酵処理装置10に投入される被処理物の性状は、設置された地域の環境により異なるが、地域ごとに安定しており大きく変動することはない。そこで、被処理物の性状に基づいて押込み投入機構30の上下方向取付け位置を調整することにより、被処理物の性状に適した状態で発酵槽に被処理物を投入することができるようになる。 The properties of the object to be processed to be put into the fermentation processing apparatus 10 differ depending on the environment of the area where it is installed, but it is stable in each area and does not fluctuate significantly. Therefore, by adjusting the vertical mounting position of the push-in mechanism 30 based on the properties of the object to be processed, the object to be processed can be charged into the fermenter in a state suitable for the properties of the object to be processed. ..

例えば、発酵槽20内の発酵液の固形物濃度が高く高粘度となるような被処理物は、発酵液中で浮き上がり難いので、図3に示すように、上方のフランジ管36から投入することによって、ゆっくりと沈降しながら発酵処理を進めることができる。 For example, an object to be treated having a high solid concentration and a high viscosity in the fermented liquid in the fermenter 20 is difficult to float in the fermented liquid. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, it is charged from the upper flange tube 36. Therefore, the fermentation process can proceed while slowly settling.

また、例えば、発酵槽20内の発酵液の固形物濃度が低く低粘度となるような被処理物は、発酵液中で液面に浮き上がり易いので、下方のフランジ管37から投入することによって容易に液面に浮き上がることがない状態で発酵処理を進めることができる。 Further, for example, an object to be treated having a low solid concentration in the fermented liquid in the fermenter 20 and having a low viscosity tends to float on the liquid surface in the fermented liquid, so that it can be easily charged from the lower flange tube 37. The fermentation process can proceed without floating on the liquid surface.

さらに、発酵槽20の径方向に対する押込み投入機構30の筒状ケーシング31の先端部FEの位置が、被処理物の性状に基づいて調整されるようにアタッチメント用の配管を設けることが好ましい。例えば、筒状ケーシング31の先端部FEの位置が発酵槽20の中心に接近するようにアタッチメント用の配管を用いることで、それだけ発酵槽20の中心に近い位置から被処理物を投入することができる。 Further, it is preferable to provide a pipe for attachment so that the position of the tip FE of the tubular casing 31 of the push-in mechanism 30 in the radial direction of the fermenter 20 is adjusted based on the properties of the object to be processed. For example, by using the attachment pipe so that the position of the tip FE of the tubular casing 31 approaches the center of the fermenter 20, the object to be processed can be charged from a position closer to the center of the fermenter 20. can.

上述した実施形態では、投入機構30が、筒状ケーシング31と、筒状ケーシング31に内装された断面が矩形の押圧体32と、筒状ケーシング31の軸心に沿って押圧体32を進退駆動する油圧式の駆動機構33とを備えた押込み投入機構30で構成された例を説明したが、投入機構30は、筒状ケーシング31と、筒状ケーシング31に内装されたスクリュー羽根と、スクリュー羽根を回転駆動得る駆動機構とで構成されたスクリュー式の投入機構であってもよい。 In the above-described embodiment, the loading mechanism 30 advances and retreats the tubular casing 31, the pressing body 32 having a rectangular cross section inside the tubular casing 31, and the pressing body 32 along the axial center of the tubular casing 31. Although an example configured by the push-in mechanism 30 including the hydraulic drive mechanism 33 is described, the input mechanism 30 includes a tubular casing 31, a screw blade built in the tubular casing 31, and a screw blade. It may be a screw type loading mechanism composed of a drive mechanism capable of rotationally driving the casing.

即ち、投入機構30は、先端側が下向きとなるように水平面に対して所定の傾斜角度となる傾斜姿勢で発酵槽20の壁部に固定された筒状ケーシングと、筒状ケーシングに内装された搬送機構と、搬送機構を駆動する駆動機構と、を備えた搬送投入機構で構成されていればよい。 That is, the charging mechanism 30 has a tubular casing fixed to the wall of the fermenter 20 in an inclined posture having a predetermined tilt angle with respect to the horizontal plane so that the tip side faces downward, and a transport built in the tubular casing. It suffices to be composed of a transport loading mechanism including a mechanism and a drive mechanism for driving the transport mechanism.

上述した実施形態は本発明の一態様であり、該記載により本発明が限定されるものではなく、各部の具体的な構造、サイズ、材料などは本発明の作用効果が奏される範囲で適宜変更設計可能であることはいうまでもない。 The above-described embodiment is an aspect of the present invention, and the description does not limit the present invention, and the specific structure, size, material, etc. of each part are appropriately set as long as the effects of the present invention are exhibited. Needless to say, it can be modified and designed.

10:発酵処理装置
20:発酵槽
30:投入機構
31:筒状ケーシング
32:押圧体
36:フランジ管
37:フランジ管
40:撹拌機構
41:撹拌軸
42:沈降促進羽根
43:駆動機構
44:分散羽根
45:モータ
36:掻き寄せ羽根
50:ガス排出部
60:発酵液排出口
70:不適物排出機構
71:二重ダンパ機構
72:二重ダンパ機構
73:筒状部
10: Fermentation processing device 20: Fermentation tank 30: Input mechanism 31: Cylindrical casing 32: Pressing body 36: Flange tube 37: Flange tube 40: Stirring mechanism 41: Stirring shaft 42: Sedimentation promoting blade 43: Drive mechanism 44: Dispersion Blade 45: Motor 36: Scraping blade 50: Gas discharge part 60: Fermentation liquid discharge port 70: Inappropriate material discharge mechanism 71: Double damper mechanism 72: Double damper mechanism 73: Cylindrical part

Claims (4)

被処理物である固形物を含む有機性廃棄物を発酵液が充填された発酵槽に投入して嫌気性発酵処理する発酵処理方法であって、
前記発酵槽の上部で回転可能に支持された撹拌軸に当該撹拌軸の軸心に沿って異なる位置に配された複数の撹拌羽根を備えた撹拌機構に対して、
前記複数の撹拌羽根のうち少なくとも隣接する一組の撹拌羽根の回転数及び/または回転方向を異ならせる発酵処理方法。
It is a fermentation treatment method in which organic waste containing solid matter to be processed is put into a fermenter filled with a fermentation broth and anaerobic fermentation treatment is performed.
For a stirring mechanism provided with a plurality of stirring blades arranged at different positions along the axis of the stirring shaft on a stirring shaft rotatably supported in the upper part of the fermenter.
A fermentation treatment method in which at least one set of stirring blades adjacent to each other among the plurality of stirring blades has different rotation speeds and / or rotation directions.
前記発酵槽の上側に位置する撹拌羽根と下側に位置する撹拌羽根の回転数及び/または回転方向を異ならせる請求項1記載の発酵処理方法。 The fermentation treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the stirring blades located on the upper side and the stirring blades located on the lower side of the fermenter have different rotation speeds and / or rotation directions. 回転負荷が所定値より大きくなり、または所定時間が経過すると、前記撹拌羽根の回転数及び/または回転方向を切り替える請求項1または2記載の発酵処理方法。 The fermentation treatment method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein when the rotation load becomes larger than a predetermined value or a predetermined time elapses, the rotation speed and / or the rotation direction of the stirring blade is switched. 被処理物である固形物を含む有機性廃棄物を発酵液が充填された発酵槽に投入して嫌気性発酵処理する発酵処理装置であって、
前記発酵槽の上部で回転可能に支持された撹拌軸に当該撹拌軸の軸心に沿って異なる位置に配された複数の撹拌羽根を有し、前記発酵槽に投入された有機性廃棄物を槽内で撹拌する撹拌機構を備え、
前記複数の撹拌羽根のうち少なくとも隣接する一組の撹拌羽根の回転数及び/または回転方向を異ならせる撹拌羽根駆動機構を備えている発酵処理装置。
It is a fermentation treatment device that puts organic waste containing solid matter to be processed into a fermenter filled with a fermentation broth and performs anaerobic fermentation treatment.
The stirring shaft rotatably supported at the upper part of the fermenter has a plurality of stirring blades arranged at different positions along the axis of the stirring shaft, and the organic waste charged into the fermenter is charged. Equipped with a stirring mechanism that stirs in the tank
A fermentation processing apparatus including a stirring blade driving mechanism for differentizing the rotation speed and / or rotation direction of at least one set of stirring blades adjacent to each other among the plurality of stirring blades.
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113583811A (en) * 2021-08-02 2021-11-02 刘恒瑞 Fermenting installation based on biological medicine molecular experiment is used
WO2023223549A1 (en) * 2022-05-20 2023-11-23 株式会社クボタ Organic waste treatment method

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113583811A (en) * 2021-08-02 2021-11-02 刘恒瑞 Fermenting installation based on biological medicine molecular experiment is used
WO2023223549A1 (en) * 2022-05-20 2023-11-23 株式会社クボタ Organic waste treatment method

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