JP2021095729A - Connecting fitting and ceiling substrate - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a connecting fitting which can assemble ceiling substrates without providing ceiling joists, and ceiling substrates assembled by using the connecting fitting.SOLUTION: A connecting fitting 10 is used for connecting a first square stud 53 extending in a first direction, and a second square stud 54 extending in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, having an upper surface forming the same plane as an upper surface of the first square stud, and provided with an end surface in contact with a side surface of the first square stud. The connecting fitting 10 includes: a flat plate member 11 in close contact with the upper surface of the second square stud 54 and extending in the longitudinal direction of the second square stud 54; a pair of side plate members 12 extending vertically downward from both edges of the flat plate member 11 and in close contact with a side surface of the second square stud 54; and a connecting plate member 15 extending vertically from each end of the pair of side plate members 12 and in close contact with the side surface of the first square stud 53.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

The present invention relates to the structure of the ceiling base of a building, and more particularly to a connecting metal fitting for assembling the ceiling base, and a ceiling base assembled using the connecting metal fitting.

As a structure of the ceiling of a conventional building, hanging bolts are provided vertically at predetermined intervals on the ceiling slab, and a plurality of field edge holders are attached to the lower ends of the hanging bolts so as to extend in parallel with each other. It has been known. A plurality of field edges extending in a direction orthogonal to the field edge receiver are attached to the lower surface of the field edge receiver, and a ceiling gypsum board is attached to the lower surface of the field edge receiver.

In recent years, there has been a tendency to narrow the ceiling pocket in order to reduce the total construction cost of buildings. However, various pipes and the like are provided in the ceiling, and these pipes often interfere with the field edge receiver, so that there is a limit to the reduction of the ceiling pocket.

An object of the present invention is to provide a connecting metal fitting that enables the ceiling base to be assembled without providing a field edge holder, and to provide a ceiling base that is assembled using the connecting metal fitting.

The first connecting metal fitting according to the present invention extends in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction and a first square stud extending in the first direction, and forms the same plane as the upper surface of the first square stud. It is a connecting metal fitting for connecting to a second square stud which has an upper surface to be formed and has an end face abutting on the side surface of the first square stud, and is provided on the upper surface of the first or second square stud. A flat plate member that is in close contact and extends in the longitudinal direction of the first or second square stud, and a pair of side plate members that extend vertically downward from both edges of the flat plate member and are in close contact with the side surface of the first or second square stud. And a connecting plate member that extends vertically from each end of the pair of side plate members and is in close contact with the side surface of the second or first square stud.

The flat plate member may have an extension portion that is in close contact with the upper surface of the second or first square stud.

The second connecting metal fitting according to the present invention extends in the second direction orthogonal to the first direction and the first square stud extending in the first direction, and forms the same plane as the upper surface of the first square stud. It is located on the extension of the second corner stud with the first corner stud sandwiched between the second corner stud, which has an upper surface to be formed and the end face is brought into contact with the side surface of the first corner stud. A connection for connecting a third square stud having an upper surface forming the same plane as each upper surface of the first and second square studs and having an end face abutting on the side surface of the first square stud. A flat plate member that is a metal fitting that is in close contact with the upper surface of the first square stud, projects horizontally from the first square stud, and is in close contact with the upper surface of the second and third square studs, and both edges of the flat plate member. A pair of first side plate members extending vertically downward from the portion and adhering to the side surface of the second square stud, and a pair extending vertically downward from both edges of the flat plate member and adhering to the side surface of the third square stud. A pair of second side plate members and a pair of first side plate members extending vertically from the ends of the pair of first side plate members and adhering to the side surfaces of the first square stud. It is characterized by including a second connecting plate member that extends vertically from each end of the side plate member and is in close contact with the side surface of the first square stud.

The flat plate member may be formed with ribs extending in the longitudinal direction of the flat plate member.

The third connecting metal fitting according to the present invention extends in the first square stud extending in the first direction and in the second direction orthogonal to the first direction to form the same plane as the upper surface of the first square stud. A first end corner stud that has an upper surface and is provided with a side surface abutting against the end face of the first corner stud, and a first end angle stud that extends in a third direction orthogonal to the first and second directions. A connecting metal fitting for connecting a vertical right-angled stud provided with an end face in contact with the upper surface of an end corner stud, and a flat plate member in close contact with the upper surface of the first square stud and both edges of the flat plate member. A pair of first side plate members and a pair of first side plate members that extend vertically downward from the flat plate member and are in close contact with the side surface of the first end angle stud, respectively, in the vertical direction from the ends of the pair of first side plate members. The first connecting plate member that extends to the side surface of the first square stud and is connected to the flat plate member, and the auxiliary flat plate member that is connected to the side surface of the vertical orthogonal stud and is connected to both edges of the auxiliary flat plate member. A pair of fourth side plate members that are installed and extend vertically from the auxiliary flat plate member and are in close contact with the side surfaces of the vertical right angle studs, and a pair of fourth side plate members that extend vertically from the ends of the first side plate member. It is characterized by including a fourth connecting plate member that is in close contact with the upper surface of the end angle stud.

The first ceiling base according to the present invention extends in the second direction orthogonal to the first direction and the first square stud extending in the first direction, and forms the same plane as the upper surface of the first square stud. It is located on the extension of the second corner stud with the first corner stud sandwiched between the second corner stud, which has an upper surface and is provided with the end face in contact with the side surface of the first corner stud. A third square stud having an upper surface forming the same plane as the upper surface of each of the first and second square studs and having an end face abutting on the side surface of the first square stud, and the first and second corner studs. And a connecting fitting for connecting the third square stud, the connecting fitting extends in a direction orthogonal to the first square stud and is on the upper surface of each of the first, second and third square studs. A pair of first side plate members that are in close contact with each other and extend vertically downward from both edges of the flat plate member, and a pair of first side plate members that are in close contact with the side surface of the second square stud, and extend vertically downward from both edges of the flat plate member. A pair of second side plate members that are in close contact with the side surfaces of the third square stud and a first that extends vertically from the ends of the pair of first side plate members and is in close contact with the side surfaces of the first square stud. It is characterized by including a connecting plate member of the above and a second connecting plate member extending vertically from each end of the pair of second side plate members and in close contact with the side surface of the first square stud.

The second ceiling base according to the present invention extends in the second direction orthogonal to the first direction and the first square stud extending in the first direction, and forms the same plane as the upper surface of the first square stud. A first end corner stud that has an upper surface and is provided with a side surface abutting against the end face of the first corner stud, and a first end angle stud that extends in a third direction orthogonal to the first and second directions. It is provided with a connecting metal fitting for connecting a vertical right-angled stud provided with the end surface in contact with the upper surface of the end corner stud, and the connecting metal fitting includes a flat plate member that is in close contact with the upper surface of the first square stud and a flat plate member. From the end of the pair of first side plate members and the pair of first side plate members, which are connected to both edges of the above and extend vertically downward from the flat plate member and come into close contact with the side surface of the first square stud. Both the first connecting plate member that extends in the vertical direction and adheres to the side surface of the first end angle stud, the auxiliary flat plate member that is connected to the flat plate member and adheres to the side surface of the vertical orthogonal stud, and the auxiliary flat plate member. A pair of fourth side plate members that are connected to the edge and extend vertically from the auxiliary flat plate member and are in close contact with the side surfaces of the vertical orthogonal studs, and a pair of fourth side plate members that are vertically attached to each other. It is characterized by including a fourth connecting plate member that extends and is in close contact with the upper surface of the first end angle stud.

The third ceiling base according to the present invention extends in the second direction orthogonal to the first direction and the first square stud extending in the first direction, and forms the same plane as the upper surface of the first square stud. A connecting metal fitting is provided with a second square stud having an upper surface to be formed and having an end surface abutting on the side surface of the first corner stud, and a connecting metal fitting for connecting the first and second square studs. Extends in the longitudinal direction of the second square stud and adheres to the upper surfaces of the first and second square studs, and extends vertically downward from both edges of the flat plate member to the side surface of the second square stud. It is characterized by including a pair of side plate members that are in close contact with each other and a connecting plate member that extends vertically from the ends of the pair of side plate members and is in close contact with the side surface of the first square stud.

According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a ceiling base assembled by using the connecting metal fitting together with a connecting metal fitting that enables the ceiling base to be assembled without providing a field edge holder.

It is a perspective view which shows the ceiling base assembled by using the connecting metal fitting which is 1st Embodiment of this invention. FIG. 5 is an enlarged perspective view showing a portion indicated by reference numeral A in FIG. 1. It is a perspective view which shows the state which the square stud is connected by the connecting metal fitting of 1st Embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows the connecting metal fitting of 1st Embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows the ceiling base assembled by using the connecting metal fittings of 1st, 2nd and 3rd Embodiment. FIG. 5 is an enlarged perspective view showing a portion indicated by reference numeral B in FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the state which the square stud is connected by the connecting metal fitting of the 2nd Embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows the connecting metal fitting of the 2nd Embodiment. FIG. 5 is an enlarged perspective view showing a portion indicated by reference numeral C in FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the connecting metal fitting of the 3rd Embodiment.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a ceiling base 50 assembled by using the connecting metal fitting 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and this ceiling base 50 can be used as a ceiling of, for example, 6 tatami mats. Runners 51 and 52 made of C-shaped steel are provided at both ends of the ceiling base 50. The runners 51 and 52 extend in parallel and are fixed to the wall surface by screws, respectively. A first square stud 53 is provided between these runners 51 and 52. The first corner stud 53 extends parallel to the runners 51, 52, i.e. along the first direction, and has substantially the same length as the runners 51, 52. The first square stud 53 is formed by bending a metal flat plate and has a square tubular shape having a square cross section.

A second corner stud 54 is provided between one runner 51 and the first corner stud 53, and a third corner stud 55 is provided between the other runner 52 and the first corner stud 53. .. The second and third square studs 54 and 55 are square tubular members formed in the same manner as the first square stud 53. The second corner stud 54 and the third corner stud 55 extend in the second direction orthogonal to the first direction, and the third corner stud 55 sandwiches the first corner stud 53 with the second corner stud 54. Located on the extension of. That is, the second and third corner studs 54 and 55 provided with the first corner stud 53 interposed therebetween are like one member extending in the direction perpendicular to the first corner stud 53 when viewed from above. appear.

The second and third square studs 54 and 55 are fixed to the first square stud 53 by the connecting metal fitting 10 and screws, and are fitted into the grooves of the runners 51 and 52, as will be described later. Is fixed by. A metal hanger 56 having an L shape is attached to a portion near the center in the length direction of the first square stud 53, and the lower end portion of a hanging bolt 57 extending vertically downward from the ceiling slab is connected to the hanger 56. Will be done. The lower surfaces of the square studs 53 to 55 form the same plane, and a ceiling gypsum board is attached. If necessary, hanging bolts may also be connected to both ends of the first square stud 53.

The structure for fixing the square studs 53 to 55 to each other will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4. The square studs 53 to 55 have the same cross-sectional shape, and the square studs 53 to 55 are arranged so that the upper surfaces and the lower surfaces are at the same height position. That is, the upper surfaces of the second and third corner studs 54 and 55 form the same plane as the upper surface of the first corner stud 53, and the lower surfaces of the second and third corner studs 54 and 55 are also the first corner studs. It forms the same plane as the lower surface of 53. The second corner stud 54 is provided with the end face abutting on the side surface of the first corner stud 53, and the third corner stud 55 is also provided with the end face abutting on the side surface of the first corner stud 53. The portions where the square studs 53 to 55 abut each other are connected by one connecting metal fitting 10.

The connecting metal fitting 10 is formed by bending one metal plate, and has a flat plate member 11, first and second side plate members 12, 13, and first and second connecting plate members 14, 15. The flat plate member 11 extends along the second and third corner studs 54 and 55, adheres to the upper surface of the first corner stud 53, and projects horizontally from the first corner stud 53 to form the second and second corner studs 53. It is in close contact with the upper surfaces of the square studs 54 and 55 of 3. A pair of first side plate members 12 are provided, extend vertically downward from both edges of the flat plate member 11, and come into close contact with the side surface of the second square stud 54. A pair of second side plate members 13 are also provided, extending vertically downward from both edges of the flat plate member 11 and in close contact with the side surface of the third square stud 55. The first connecting plate member 14 extends vertically from each end of the pair of first side plate members 12 and comes into close contact with the side surface of the first square stud 53. The second connecting plate member 15 extends vertically from each end of the pair of second side plate members 13 and comes into close contact with the side surface of the first square stud 53. The first and second side plate members 12 and 13 and the first and second connecting plate members 14 and 15 are fixed to the square studs 53 to 55 by screws.

A pair of ribs 16 extending in the longitudinal direction thereof are formed on the upper surface of the flat plate member 11. The rib 16 is raised upward, its length is longer than the width of the first square stud 53, and the ends of the rib 16 are the second and second ribs 16 in a state where the connecting metal fitting 10 is fixed to the square studs 53 to 55. It reaches above the corner studs 54 and 55 of 3.

As described above, in the connecting metal fitting 10 of the present embodiment, the end faces of the second and third square studs 54 and 55 are brought into contact with the side surfaces of the first square stud 53, and the first to third square studs 53 are brought into contact with each other. ~ 55 can be fixed to each other in a cross-shaped arrangement. Further, the hanging bolt 57 can be connected to an arbitrary position of the square studs 53 to 55, and the gypsum board can be directly attached to the lower surface of the square studs 53 to 55. That is, according to the present embodiment, since the ceiling base can be assembled without providing the field edge support, the design and construction of the piping in the ceiling can be simplified, and the ceiling pocket can be reduced to the utmost limit. ..

In the ceiling base shown in FIG. 1, the first corner stud 53 is provided near the center between the pair of runners 51 and 52, but the first corner stud 53 is located at a position where the pair of runners 51 and 52 are divided into three equal parts. Two square studs 53 of 1 may be provided. That is, in this case, additional square studs are added between the second and third square studs 54 and 55.

FIG. 5 shows a ceiling base assembled using the connecting fittings 10, 20, and 30 of the first, second, and third embodiments. This ceiling base is used, for example, when constructing a descending ceiling, and the basic configuration is the same as that in FIG. 1, but the first and third corner studs 54, 55 extending parallel to the second and third corner studs 54, 55. The end angle studs 71 and 72 of 2 are provided. The first end corner stud 71 connects one end of the runners 51 and 52, and one end of the first end corner stud 53 is connected to the central portion of the first corner stud 71. The second end corner stud 72 connects the other ends of the runners 51 and 52, and the other end of the first corner stud 53 is connected to the central portion of the second end corner stud 71.

C-shaped steels 61 and 62 are provided at both ends of the first end angle stud 71, respectively. The lower ends of the C-shaped steels 61 and 62 are fixed to the runners 51 and 52, respectively, and the ends of the first end angle studs 71 are fitted into the lower ends of the grooves of the C-shaped steels 61 and 62, respectively. A vertical right angle stud 58 is provided at the center of the first end angle stud 71. An upper angle stud 63 parallel to the first end angle stud 71 is fixed to the upper end of the vertical angle stud 58, and an intermediate angle stud parallel to the upper angle stud 63 is located at the center height position of the vertical angle stud 58. 64 is fixed. The ends of the upper and intermediate angle studs 63, 64 are fitted into the grooves of the C-shaped steels 61, 62.

As shown in FIG. 6, the connecting metal fitting 20 of the second embodiment is used to connect the first square stud 53, the second end square stud 71, and the vertical right angle stud 58. As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the connecting metal fitting 20 is formed by bending one metal plate, and has a flat plate member 21, a first side plate member 22, a first connecting plate member 23, and an auxiliary flat plate member. It has 24, a fourth side plate member 25, and a fourth connecting plate member 26.

The flat plate member 21 is in close contact with the upper surface of the first square stud 54. A pair of first side plate members 22 are provided, are connected to both edges of the flat plate member 21, extend vertically downward from the flat plate member 21, and are in close contact with the side surface of the first square stud 53. The first connecting plate member 23 extends vertically from each end of the pair of first side plate members 22 and comes into close contact with the side surface of the first end angle stud 71. The auxiliary flat plate member 24 is connected to the flat plate member 21 and is in close contact with the side surface of the vertical right angle stud 58. A pair of fourth side plate members 25 are provided, are connected to both edges of the auxiliary flat plate member 24, extend vertically from the auxiliary flat plate member 24, and are in close contact with the side surface of the vertical right angle stud 58. The fourth connecting plate member 26 extends vertically from each end of the pair of fourth side plate members 25 and is in close contact with the upper surface of the first end angle stud 71.

The auxiliary flat plate member 24 is perpendicular to the flat plate member 21. A raised portion 28 that bulges inward is formed on the inner corner portion 27 between the flat plate member 21 and the auxiliary flat plate member 24 for reinforcement. The first connecting plate member 23 is provided at a portion of the first side plate member 22 close to the inner corner portion 27. On the other hand, the fourth connecting plate member 26 is provided at a portion of the fourth side plate member 25 that is separated from the inner corner portion 27.

As shown in FIG. 9, the connecting metal fitting 30 of the third embodiment is used to connect the first square stud 53 and the second end square stud 72. As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the connecting metal fitting 30 is formed by bending one metal plate, and has a flat plate member 31, a side plate member 32, and a connecting plate member 33. The flat plate member 31 extends in the longitudinal direction of the first square stud 53 and is in close contact with the upper surfaces of the first square stud 53 and the second end corner stud 72. The flat plate member 31 does not extend over the entire width of the first square stud 53, and the extension portion 34 of the flat plate member 31 is a portion of the upper surface of the second end square stud 72 on the side of the first square stud 53. Adhere only to. A pair of side plate members 32 are provided, extend vertically downward from both edges of the flat plate member 31, and come into close contact with the side surface of the first square stud 53. The connecting plate member 33 extends vertically from each end of the pair of side plate members 32 and comes into close contact with the side surface of the second end angle stud 72.

The same effect as that of the connecting metal fitting 10 can be obtained by the connecting metal fittings 20 and 30. Further, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, according to the configuration in which the square studs are connected to each other by using any of the connecting metal fittings 10, 20, and 30, the longitudinal axis of the square studs is parallel or perpendicular to the runners 51 and 52. Can be directed.

10, 20, 30 Connecting brackets 11, 21, 31 Flat plate members 12, 22, 32 Side plate members 14, 23, 33 Connecting plate members 53 First corner studs 54 Second corner studs 55 Third corner studs

Claims (8)

It has a first square stud extending in the first direction and an upper surface extending in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction and forming the same plane as the upper surface of the first square stud. It is a connecting metal fitting for connecting to a second square stud provided by abutting the end face on the side surface of the square stud.
A flat plate member that is in close contact with the upper surface of the first or second square stud and extends in the longitudinal direction of the first or second square stud.
A pair of side plate members extending vertically downward from both edges of the flat plate member and in close contact with the side surfaces of the first or second square studs.
A connecting metal fitting provided with a connecting plate member extending vertically from each end of the pair of side plate members and in close contact with the side surface of the second or first square stud. The connecting metal fitting according to claim 1, wherein the flat plate member has an extension portion that is in close contact with the upper surface of the second or first square stud. It has a first square stud extending in the first direction and an upper surface extending in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction and forming the same plane as the upper surface of the first square stud. The first and second corner studs are located on an extension of the second corner stud with the first corner stud sandwiched between the second corner stud provided so that the end face is brought into contact with the side surface of the corner stud. It is a connecting metal fitting having an upper surface forming the same plane as each upper surface of the square studs of No. 1 and for connecting to a third square stud provided with an end surface in contact with the side surface of the first square stud. ,
A flat plate member that adheres to the upper surface of the first square stud, projects horizontally from the first square stud, and adheres to the upper surface of the second and third square studs.
A pair of first side plate members extending vertically downward from both edges of the flat plate member and in close contact with the side surface of the second square stud.
A pair of second side plate members extending vertically downward from both edges of the flat plate member and in close contact with the side surface of the third square stud.
A first connecting plate member that extends vertically from each end of the pair of first side plate members and is in close contact with the side surface of the first square stud.
A connecting metal fitting including a second connecting plate member that extends vertically from each end of the pair of second side plate members and is in close contact with the side surface of the first square stud. The connecting metal fitting according to claim 3, wherein ribs extending in the longitudinal direction of the flat plate member are formed on the flat plate member. It has a first square stud extending in the first direction and an upper surface extending in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction and forming the same plane as the upper surface of the first square stud. A first end corner stud provided with its side surface abutting against the end face of the corner stud, and an upper surface of the first end corner stud extending in a third direction orthogonal to the first and second directions. It is a connecting metal fitting for connecting with a vertical right angle stud provided by abutting the end face on the surface.
A flat plate member that adheres to the upper surface of the first square stud,
A pair of first side plate members that are connected to both edges of the flat plate member, extend vertically downward from the flat plate member, and are in close contact with the side surface of the first end angle stud.
A first connecting plate member that extends vertically from each end of the pair of first side plate members and is in close contact with the side surface of the first square stud.
An auxiliary flat plate member that is connected to the flat plate member and is in close contact with the side surface of the vertical right angle stud.
A pair of fourth side plate members that are connected to both edges of the auxiliary flat plate member, extend vertically from the auxiliary flat plate member, and are in close contact with the side surface of the vertical right angle stud.
A connecting metal fitting including a fourth connecting plate member that extends vertically from each end of the pair of fourth side plate members and is in close contact with the upper surface of the first end corner stud. With the first corner stud extending in the first direction,
It has an upper surface that extends in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction and forms the same plane as the upper surface of the first square stud, and is provided with the end surface in contact with the side surface of the first square stud. The second corner stud to be
The first corner stud is located on an extension of the second corner stud and has an upper surface forming the same plane as the upper surface of each of the first and second corner studs. A third square stud provided with the end face in contact with the side surface of the square stud,
A connecting metal fitting for connecting the first, second and third square studs is provided.
The connecting metal fitting is
A flat plate member that extends in a direction orthogonal to the first square stud and is in close contact with the upper surfaces of the first, second, and third square studs.
A pair of first side plate members extending vertically downward from both edges of the flat plate member and in close contact with the side surface of the second square stud.
A pair of second side plate members extending vertically downward from both edges of the flat plate member and in close contact with the side surface of the third square stud.
A first connecting plate member that extends vertically from each end of the pair of first side plate members and is in close contact with the side surface of the first square stud.
A ceiling base comprising a second connecting plate member that extends vertically from each end of the pair of second side plate members and is in close contact with the side surface of the first square stud. With the first corner stud extending in the first direction,
It has an upper surface that extends in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction and forms the same plane as the upper surface of the first square stud, and is provided with the side surface abutting against the end surface of the first square stud. The first end corner stud to be
It is provided with a connecting metal fitting extending in a third direction orthogonal to the first and second directions and for connecting to a vertical right angle stud provided with an end face abutting on the upper surface of the first end angle stud. ,
The connecting metal fitting is
A flat plate member that adheres to the upper surface of the first square stud,
A pair of first side plate members that are connected to both edges of the flat plate member, extend vertically downward from the flat plate member, and are in close contact with the side surface of the first square stud.
A first connecting plate member that extends vertically from each end of the pair of first side plate members and is in close contact with the side surface of the first end angle stud.
An auxiliary flat plate member that is connected to the flat plate member and is in close contact with the side surface of the vertical right angle stud.
A pair of fourth side plate members that are connected to both edges of the auxiliary flat plate member, extend vertically from the auxiliary flat plate member, and are in close contact with the side surface of the vertical right angle stud.
A ceiling base comprising a fourth connecting plate member extending vertically from each end of the pair of fourth side plate members and in close contact with the upper surface of the first end corner stud. With the first corner stud extending in the first direction,
It has an upper surface that extends in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction and forms the same plane as the upper surface of the first square stud, and is provided with the end surface in contact with the side surface of the first square stud. The second corner stud to be
A connecting metal fitting for connecting the first and second square studs is provided.
The connecting metal fitting is
A flat plate member extending in the longitudinal direction of the second square stud and in close contact with the upper surfaces of the first and second square studs.
A pair of side plate members extending vertically downward from both edges of the flat plate member and in close contact with the side surface of the second square stud.
A ceiling base comprising a connecting plate member extending vertically from each end of the pair of side plate members and in close contact with the side surface of the first square stud.

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