JP2021080742A - Ground improvement effect confirmation method, ground improvement method and ground improvement work method - Google Patents
Ground improvement effect confirmation method, ground improvement method and ground improvement work method Download PDFInfo
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- JP2021080742A JP2021080742A JP2019209102A JP2019209102A JP2021080742A JP 2021080742 A JP2021080742 A JP 2021080742A JP 2019209102 A JP2019209102 A JP 2019209102A JP 2019209102 A JP2019209102 A JP 2019209102A JP 2021080742 A JP2021080742 A JP 2021080742A
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- ground improvement
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- 229910000342 sodium bisulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CSMWJXBSXGUPGY-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium dithionate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O CSMWJXBSXGUPGY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RXSVEWSESA-M sodium-L-ascorbate Chemical compound [Na+].OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1[O-] PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RXSVEWSESA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004764 thiosulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003608 titanium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- CENHPXAQKISCGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioxathietane 4,4-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)OOO1 CENHPXAQKISCGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXYADVIJALMOEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K tris(lactato)aluminium Chemical compound CC(O)C(=O)O[Al](OC(=O)C(C)O)OC(=O)C(C)O VXYADVIJALMOEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Zr](Cl)(Cl)Cl DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- XJUNLJFOHNHSAR-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium(4+);dicarbonate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O XJUNLJFOHNHSAR-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- ZXAUZSQITFJWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium(4+);disulfate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ZXAUZSQITFJWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
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- Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、地盤に薬剤を注入した後の地盤の改良効果を確認する方法、並びに、その方法を利用した地盤改良方法及び地盤改良工法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for confirming the effect of improving the ground after injecting a chemical into the ground, and a ground improvement method and a ground improvement method using the method.
従来、地盤が軟弱である場合等において地盤に薬剤を注入してこれを改良することは、広く行われている。例えば、埋め立て地等の、比較的に地下水が豊富な地盤を有する地域で、地震が発生した場合には、地盤が液状化することがあるため、軟弱な地盤の土壌に対して、一時的な補強から恒久的な補強に至るまで、種々の目的に応じた薬剤が選択され使用されている。 Conventionally, when the ground is soft or the like, it is widely practiced to inject a chemical into the ground to improve it. For example, in areas with relatively abundant groundwater, such as landfills, when an earthquake occurs, the ground may liquefy, so it is temporary for soft soil. From reinforcement to permanent reinforcement, agents are selected and used for a variety of purposes.
地盤に薬剤を注入した後には、その効果を確認することが一般的であり、例えば、改良地盤をボーリングして取り出したサンプルの圧縮強度を測定する方法がある。また、上記以外の確認方法として、以下の技術が知られている。
特許文献１には、１本の掘削された孔井において、薬液注入前に行われるボアホールテレビューア（ＢＨＴＶ）検層により取得される反射強度データと、同孔井に薬液を注入後に行われるボアホールテレビューア（ＢＨＴＶ）検層により取得される反射強度データとを比較してなる薬液注入効果評価方法が開示されている。
特許文献２には、薬液注入により改良する前の地盤の比抵抗値をＥＭ探査等により測定し、薬液注入後所定日数経過後の改良された地盤の比抵抗値を同様な手法で測定すると共に、その薬液注入地盤の複数の試料を採取して薬液注入地盤の液状化強度と比抵抗値を室内で測定した後、液状化強度と比抵抗値との相関関係を求め、必要な液状化強度に対する比抵抗値を設定し、薬液注入後所定日数経過後の地盤の比抵抗値から、必要な液状化強度に相当する比抵抗値以下の範囲を薬液注入地盤の形状と評価する薬液注入により改良された地盤の形状確認方法が開示されている。
また、特許文献３には、溶液型シリカグラウトの薬液注入による地盤改良効果の確認方法であって、薬液注入前の地盤から採取した砂を用いて注入率１００パーセントとして作製した供試体の単位体積当りのシリカ含有量の測定値を（Ａ）とし、薬液注入を行った改良地盤から現場採取した固結土の単位体積当りのシリカ含有量の測定値を（Ｂ）とし、Ｂ／Ａ×１００から改良地盤の注入率λ〔パーセント〕を求めることを特徴とする地盤改良効果の確認方法が開示されている。
After injecting the drug into the ground, it is common to confirm the effect. For example, there is a method of measuring the compressive strength of a sample taken out by boring the improved ground. In addition, the following techniques are known as confirmation methods other than the above.
In
Further,
特許文献１及び２の技術の場合、軟弱な地盤に薬剤を注入して形成された改良地盤をボーリングすることなく、広い範囲でデータを採取することができるが、改良地盤の層の不均一・乱れの影響で、地盤強度値のバラツキが生じることがあった。
また、特許文献３の技術は、薬剤として、溶液型シリカグラウトを用いた場合の地盤改良効果の確認方法であったが、有機高分子を含む薬剤を用いた場合の地盤改良効果の確認方法は知られていない。
改良地盤をボーリングしてサンプルの圧縮強度を測定しようとする場合、採取したサンプルが乱れや割れ、及び、改良前の地盤に含まれる粘土やシルトが部分的に混入し薬剤がうまく注入できず、圧縮強度を測定できないために、地盤改良の効果を十分に確認できないことがある。本発明の目的は、有機高分子を形成する薬剤を地盤に注入して補強等の改良を行う場合に、地盤に注入して形成された改良地盤をサンプルの乱れや地盤改良前の地盤状況によることなく、その改良効果を効率よく把握することができる地盤改良効果の確認方法、並びに、この確認方法を利用した地盤改良方法及び地盤改良工法を提供することである。
In the case of the techniques of
Further, the technique of
When trying to measure the compressive strength of a sample by boring the improved ground, the collected sample is disturbed or cracked, and clay and silt contained in the ground before the improvement are partially mixed and the chemical cannot be injected well. Since the compressive strength cannot be measured, the effect of ground improvement may not be fully confirmed. An object of the present invention is that when a chemical that forms an organic polymer is injected into the ground for improvement such as reinforcement, the improved ground formed by injecting the agent into the ground depends on the disorder of the sample and the ground condition before the ground improvement. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for confirming a ground improvement effect capable of efficiently grasping the improvement effect, and a ground improvement method and a ground improvement method using this confirmation method.
本発明は、以下のとおりである。
１．金属元素及び炭素元素の少なくとも一方を含む薬剤を地盤に注入し、注入後に有機高分子が形成される地盤の改良効果を確認する方法であって、上記薬剤を注入する前の地盤から採取した土壌、並びに、該地盤に上記薬剤を注入した後の改良地盤に対し、金属及び炭素の少なくとも一方の含有量を定量分析する工程を備えることを特徴とする、地盤の改良効果確認方法。
２．上記金属元素が、Ａｌ、Ｍｇ、Ｚｒ、Ｃａ、Ａｇ、Ｃｕ及びＦｅから選ばれた少なくとも一種である上記項１に記載の地盤の改良効果確認方法。
３．上記薬剤がＡｌ、Ｍｇ及びＣを含む上記項１又は２に記載の地盤の改良効果確認方法。
４．上記定量分析において、上記土壌又は上記改良地盤を酸性水溶液により処理して得られた液を用いる上記項１から３のいずれか一項に記載の地盤の改良効果確認方法。
５．上記酸性水溶液のｐＨが２以下である上項４に記載の地盤の改良効果確認方法。
６．上記有機高分子が、アクリル系高分子、アクリルアミド系高分子、ポリビニルアルコール及びウレタン系高分子から選ばれた少なくとも一種である上記項１から５のいずれか一項に記載の地盤の改良効果確認方法。
７．上記項１から６のいずれか一項に記載の地盤の改良効果確認方法に基づく確認工程を備えることを特徴とする、地盤の改良方法。
８．上記項１から６のいずれか一項に記載の地盤の改良効果確認方法に基づく確認工程を備えることを特徴とする、地盤の改良工法。
The present invention is as follows.
1. 1. This is a method of injecting a chemical containing at least one of a metal element and a carbon element into the ground and confirming the improvement effect of the ground on which an organic polymer is formed after the injection. A method for confirming the effect of improving the ground, which comprises a step of quantitatively analyzing the content of at least one of metal and carbon with respect to the improved ground after injecting the above-mentioned chemical into the ground.
2.
3. 3. The method for confirming the effect of improving the ground according to
4. The method for confirming the improvement effect of the ground according to any one of the
5. The method for confirming the effect of improving the ground according to
6. The method for confirming the effect of improving the ground according to any one of
7. A method for improving the ground, which comprises a confirmation step based on the method for confirming the effect of improving the ground according to any one of the
8. A ground improvement method comprising a confirmation step based on the ground improvement effect confirmation method according to any one of the
本発明によれば、補強等の必要な地盤から採取した土壌に係る処置を講ずることで、薬剤を注入して形成された改良地盤をサンプルの乱れや地盤改良前の地盤状況によることなく、薬剤による改良効果を効率よく把握することができる。
本発明の地盤改良効果確認方法を利用して、地盤の改良方法及び地盤の改良工法を円滑に進めることができる。特に、山岳トンネル工法又はその補助工法（先受工法、各種補強工法）、地山固結工法、止水工法、浸透固化処理工法、ジェットグラウト工法等において好適である。
According to the present invention, by taking measures relating to the soil collected from the ground requiring reinforcement or the like, the improved ground formed by injecting the chemical is treated with the chemical without disturbing the sample or the ground condition before the ground improvement. It is possible to efficiently grasp the improvement effect of.
By utilizing the method for confirming the effect of ground improvement of the present invention, the method for improving the ground and the method for improving the ground can be smoothly advanced. In particular, it is suitable for the mountain tunnel construction method or its auxiliary construction method (preceding construction method, various reinforcement construction methods), ground consolidation construction method, water stoppage construction method, permeation consolidation treatment method, jet grout construction method, and the like.
本明細書において、「（メタ）アクリル」は、アクリル及び／又はメタクリルを意味し、「（メタ）アクリレート」は、アクリレート及び／又はメタクリレートを意味し、（メタ）アクリルアミドは、アクリルアミド及び／又は（メタ）アクリルアミドを意味する。 As used herein, "(meth) acrylic" means acrylic and / or methacrylic, "(meth) acrylate" means acrylate and / or methacrylate, and (meth) acrylamide means acrylamide and / or (. Meta) means acrylamide.
本発明の地盤改良効果確認方法は、金属元素及び炭素元素の少なくとも一方を含み、有機高分子を形成する薬剤を地盤に注入して補強等の改良を行う場合に、地盤に注入して形成された改良地盤をサンプルの乱れや地盤改良前の地盤状況によることなく、その改良効果を効率よく把握することができる方法であり、薬剤を注入する前の地盤から採取した土壌、並びに、該地盤に薬剤を注入した後の改良地盤に対し、金属及び炭素の少なくとも一方の含有量を定量分析する工程（以下、「定量分析工程」という）を備える。 The method for confirming the effect of ground improvement of the present invention is formed by injecting a chemical containing at least one of a metal element and a carbon element into the ground to improve reinforcement and the like. It is a method that can efficiently grasp the improvement effect of the improved ground without turbulence of the sample or the ground condition before the ground improvement. The improved ground after injecting the drug is provided with a step of quantitatively analyzing the content of at least one of metal and carbon (hereinafter referred to as “quantitative analysis step”).
本発明において、具体的な地盤改良効果確認方法は、詳しくは後述するが、以下の通りである。即ち、薬剤の注入が必要な地盤の土壌を採取し、その元素分析を行った後、通常、水系組成物からなる薬剤であって、特定の成分の濃度が異なるように調製した複数種の薬剤と、採取した土壌とを混合し、複数種の混合物（改良地盤に相当）における、金属及び炭素の少なくとも一方を定量分析する（定量分析工程）。次いで、上記特定成分の濃度と定量分析値との関係を表すグラフを作成し、他方、上記特定成分の濃度と理論値との関係を表すグラフを作成し、各直線グラフで相関性のある領域を把握する。相関性のある濃度範囲の薬剤が使用可能であるため、これらの薬剤と、上記土壌とを用いて得られた複数種の混合物に対して、強度等の物理物性を測定すると、特定成分の濃度と、物性値との関係を表すグラフ得ることができる。地盤に注入する薬剤は、通常、特定の一種の薬剤、即ち、上記特定成分の濃度が相関性のある濃度範囲から選ばれた、既知濃度の薬剤であるため、上記グラフから、改良地盤が発揮する性能（物性値）を把握することができる。即ち、薬剤を注入して形成された改良地盤の効果を把握することができる。 In the present invention, a specific method for confirming the ground improvement effect will be described in detail later, but is as follows. That is, after collecting the soil of the ground that requires injection of the drug and performing elemental analysis, it is usually a drug composed of an aqueous composition, and a plurality of kinds of drugs prepared so that the concentrations of specific components are different. And the collected soil are mixed, and at least one of metal and carbon in a mixture of a plurality of types (corresponding to improved ground) is quantitatively analyzed (quantitative analysis step). Next, a graph showing the relationship between the concentration of the specific component and the quantitative analysis value is created, and on the other hand, a graph showing the relationship between the concentration of the specific component and the theoretical value is created, and each linear graph shows a correlative region. To grasp. Since chemicals in a correlative concentration range can be used, the concentration of a specific component can be measured by measuring physical characteristics such as strength with respect to a mixture of these chemicals and a plurality of types obtained using the above soil. And a graph showing the relationship with the physical property value can be obtained. Since the drug to be injected into the ground is usually a specific kind of drug, that is, a drug having a known concentration selected from a concentration range in which the concentration of the specific component is correlated, the improved ground is exhibited from the above graph. It is possible to grasp the performance (physical property value) to be performed. That is, the effect of the improved ground formed by injecting a drug can be grasped.
はじめに、使用する薬剤について、説明する。
上記薬剤は、漏水防止、止水、液状化抑制、地盤強化（補強）等の目的に用いるものであり、単一成分からなるものであってよいが、通常、複数の成分からなる。
First, the drug to be used will be described.
The above-mentioned chemicals are used for the purpose of preventing water leakage, stopping water, suppressing liquefaction, strengthening (reinforcing) the ground, etc., and may consist of a single component, but usually consist of a plurality of components.
上記薬剤に含まれる金属元素は、特に限定されないが、原子番号が水中で多価の電荷を持つ金属元素が好ましく、Ａｌ、Ｍｇ、Ｚｒ、Ｃａ、Ａｇ、Ｃｕ及びＦｅから選ばれた少なくとも一種であることが特に好ましい。
上記薬剤は、金属元素及び炭素元素の両方を含むことが好ましく、Ａｌ、Ｍｇ及びＣを含むことが特に好ましい。この場合、全ての金属元素及び炭素元素のモル比（金属元素／炭素元素）は、本発明の目的が十分に達成されることから、好ましくは０．０１〜１００、より好ましくは０．１〜１０である。
The metal element contained in the above-mentioned chemicals is not particularly limited, but a metal element having an atomic number having a polyvalent charge in water is preferable, and at least one selected from Al, Mg, Zr, Ca, Ag, Cu and Fe is used. It is particularly preferable to have.
The chemical preferably contains both a metal element and a carbon element, and particularly preferably contains Al, Mg and C. In this case, the molar ratio of all metal elements and carbon elements (metal element / carbon element) is preferably 0.01 to 100, more preferably 0.1 to 1, because the object of the present invention is sufficiently achieved. It is 10.
上記薬剤は、地盤に注入する時点ですでに有機高分子を含んでいてよいし、地盤に注入した後に有機高分子となるものであってもよい。また、上記薬剤は、金属元素及び炭素元素の少なくとも一方を含む化合物のみからなるものであってもよいが、好ましくは、金属元素及び炭素元素の両方を含み、且つ、これらの元素を別々に含む化合物の２種以上を含む混合物であり、以下に例示される。
（１）金属元素を含み炭素元素を含まない化合物と、炭素元素を含み金属元素を含まない化合物とを含む混合物
（２）金属元素を含み炭素元素を含まない化合物と、金属元素及び炭素元素を含む化合物とを含む混合物
（３）炭素元素を含み金属元素を含まない化合物と、金属元素及び炭素元素を含む化合物とを含む混合物
（４）互いに異なる、金属元素及び炭素元素を含む化合物を２種以上含む混合物
The drug may already contain an organic polymer at the time of injection into the ground, or may become an organic polymer after being injected into the ground. Further, the above-mentioned chemical may be composed of only a compound containing at least one of a metal element and a carbon element, but preferably contains both a metal element and a carbon element, and separately contains these elements. It is a mixture containing two or more kinds of compounds, and is exemplified below.
(1) A mixture containing a compound containing a metal element and not containing a carbon element and a compound containing a carbon element and not containing a metal element (2) A compound containing a metal element and not containing a carbon element, and a metal element and a carbon element Mixtures containing compounds (3) Mixtures containing carbon elements and no metal elements and compounds containing metal elements and carbon elements (4) Two types of compounds containing metal elements and carbon elements that are different from each other Mixture containing the above
上記態様（１）及び（２）において、炭素元素を含む化合物は、重合性不飽和化合物を含むことが好ましく、アクリル系高分子、アクリルアミド系高分子、ポリビニルアルコール又はウレタン系高分子を形成する重合性不飽和化合物を含むことが特に好ましい。また、金属元素及び炭素元素を含む化合物は、カルボン酸金属塩、スルホン酸金属塩、リン酸金属塩、ホウ酸金属塩等の部分を含む重合性不飽和化合物であることが好ましい。 In the above aspects (1) and (2), the compound containing a carbon element preferably contains a polymerizable unsaturated compound, and is a polymerization that forms an acrylic polymer, an acrylamide polymer, a polyvinyl alcohol, or a urethane polymer. It is particularly preferable to contain a sex unsaturated compound. Further, the compound containing a metal element and a carbon element is preferably a polymerizable unsaturated compound containing a portion such as a carboxylic acid metal salt, a sulfonic acid metal salt, a phosphoric acid metal salt, and a borate metal salt.
上記態様（３）において、炭素元素を含み金属元素を含まない化合物、並びに、金属元素及び炭素元素を含む化合物は、少なくとも一方が重合性不飽和化合物を含むことが好ましく、アクリル系高分子、アクリルアミド系高分子、ポリビニルアルコール又はウレタン系高分子を形成する重合性不飽和化合物を含むことが特に好ましい。これらの化合物のいずれか一方が重合性不飽和化合物ではない場合、通常の有機化合物（有機高分子でもよい）とすることができる。 In the above aspect (3), at least one of the compound containing a carbon element and not containing a metal element and the compound containing a metal element and a carbon element preferably contains a polymerizable unsaturated compound, and is an acrylic polymer or acrylamide. It is particularly preferable to contain a polymerizable unsaturated compound that forms a based polymer, a polyvinyl alcohol, or a urethane based polymer. When any one of these compounds is not a polymerizable unsaturated compound, it can be an ordinary organic compound (may be an organic polymer).
更に、上記態様（４）において、金属元素及び炭素元素を含む化合物の少なくとも１つは、カルボン酸金属塩、スルホン酸金属塩、リン酸金属塩、ホウ酸金属塩等の部分を含む重合性不飽和化合物であり、アクリル系高分子、アクリルアミド系高分子、ポリビニルアルコール又はウレタン系高分子を形成する重合性不飽和化合物であることが特に好ましい。 Further, in the above aspect (4), at least one of the compounds containing a metal element and a carbon element is a non-polymerizable compound containing a portion such as a carboxylic acid metal salt, a sulfonic acid metal salt, a phosphoric acid metal salt, and a borate metal salt. It is a saturated compound, and is particularly preferably a polymerizable unsaturated compound that forms an acrylic polymer, an acrylamide polymer, a polyvinyl alcohol, or a urethane polymer.
本発明において、上記薬剤により形成される有機高分子は、改良地盤の耐久性の観点から、ゲル状有機高分子であることが好ましく、アクリル系高分子、アクリルアミド系高分子、ポリビニルアルコール又はウレタン系高分子であると、上記効果を確実に得ることができる。 In the present invention, the organic polymer formed by the above chemicals is preferably a gel-like organic polymer from the viewpoint of durability of the improved ground, and is preferably an acrylic polymer, an acrylamide polymer, a polyvinyl alcohol or a urethane polymer. When it is a polymer, the above effect can be surely obtained.
上記薬剤は、更に、水を含有する組成物であることが好ましく、地中地盤に構造物がある場合のその腐食抑制性の観点から、ｐＨは中性領域にあることが好ましい。
また、上記薬剤の粘度は、地中地盤への浸透性を確保できる点から、低粘度であることが好ましい。
The chemical is preferably a composition containing water, and the pH is preferably in the neutral region from the viewpoint of suppressing corrosion when there is a structure in the underground ground.
Further, the viscosity of the chemical is preferably low from the viewpoint of ensuring the permeability to the underground ground.
以下、本発明において、特に好ましい薬剤、即ち、土壌への浸透性に優れ、耐久性に優れたゲル状のアクリル系高分子を好適に形成する薬剤（以下、「アクリル系薬剤」という）について、説明する。
上記アクリル系薬剤は、好ましくは、（メタ）アクリル酸金属塩（以下、「成分（Ｐ）」という）、及び、重合開始剤（以下、「成分（Ｑ）」という）を含有する組成物である。
Hereinafter, in the present invention, a particularly preferable agent, that is, an agent that preferably forms a gel-like acrylic polymer having excellent permeability to soil and excellent durability (hereinafter, referred to as “acrylic agent”) will be described. explain.
The acrylic agent is preferably a composition containing a (meth) acrylic acid metal salt (hereinafter referred to as "component (P)") and a polymerization initiator (hereinafter referred to as "component (Q)"). is there.
上記成分（Ｐ）としては、（メタ）アクリル酸のリチウム塩、ナトリウム塩、カリウム塩等のアルカリ金属塩；カルシウム塩、バリウム塩等のアルカリ土類金属塩；マグネシウム塩、アルミニウム塩、ジルコニウム塩等が挙げられる。上記アクリル系薬剤に含有される成分（Ｐ）は、１種のみでも、２種以上でもよい。本発明においては、良好な強度及び耐変形性を有するゲル状有機高分子が得られることから、カルシウム塩及びマグネシウム塩が好ましく、マグネシウム塩が特に好ましい。 Examples of the component (P) include alkali metal salts such as lithium salt, sodium salt and potassium salt of (meth) acrylic acid; alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium salt and barium salt; magnesium salt, aluminum salt, zirconium salt and the like. Can be mentioned. The component (P) contained in the acrylic agent may be only one type or two or more types. In the present invention, a calcium salt and a magnesium salt are preferable, and a magnesium salt is particularly preferable, because a gel-like organic polymer having good strength and deformation resistance can be obtained.
上記成分（Ｐ）の含有割合は、アクリル系薬剤全体を１００質量％とした場合に、好ましくは０．５〜５０質量％、より好ましくは２〜３０質量％である。 The content ratio of the component (P) is preferably 0.5 to 50% by mass, more preferably 2 to 30% by mass, when the total amount of the acrylic drug is 100% by mass.
上記成分（Ｑ）は、成分（Ｐ）を重合可能なものであれば、特に限定されず、従来、公知の化合物を用いることができる。例えば、アゾ化合物；過カルボン酸類、ハイドロパーオキサイド、ケトンパーオキサイド、ジアシルパーオキサイド等の有機過酸化物；過酸化物、過炭酸塩、過ホウ酸塩、過硫酸塩等の無機過酸化物等が挙げられる。有機過酸化物又は無機過酸化物は、還元剤と併用して、レドックス系開始剤を構成してもよい。この還元剤としては、チオ硫酸ナトリウム、チオ硫酸カリウム等のチオ硫酸塩化合物；重亜硫酸ナトリウム、重亜硫酸カリウム等の重亜硫酸塩化合物；次亜硫酸ナトリウム、次亜硫酸カリウム等の次亜リン酸化合物；亜硫酸ナトリウム、亜硫酸カリウム等の亜硫酸化合物；ヒドロキシメタンスルフィン酸ナトリウム（ロンガリット）等のヒドロキシメタンスルフィン酸塩；アスコルビン酸ナトリウム等のアスコルビン酸又はその塩；エリソルビン酸ナトリウム等のエリソルビン酸又はその塩；第一鉄塩；ジエタノールアミン、トリエタノールアミン、ヒドラジン、ヒドロキシルアミン、ジメチルアミノプロピオニトリル、ジメチルアミノプロパノール、ピペラジン、モルホリン等のアミン化合物；二硫化チオ尿素、硫酸銅、等を用いることができる。 The component (Q) is not particularly limited as long as the component (P) can be polymerized, and conventionally known compounds can be used. For example, azo compounds; organic peroxides such as percarboxylic acids, hydroperoxides, ketone peroxides, and diacyl peroxides; inorganic peroxides such as peroxides, percarbonates, perborates, and persulfates, etc. Can be mentioned. The organic peroxide or the inorganic peroxide may be used in combination with a reducing agent to form a redox-based initiator. Examples of this reducing agent include thiosulfate compounds such as sodium thiosulfate and potassium thiosulfate; heavy sulfinate compounds such as sodium bisulfate and potassium bisulfate; hypophosphate compounds such as sodium hyposulfate and potassium hyposulfate; Sulfinate compounds such as sodium and potassium sulfite; hydroxymethanesulfinate such as sodium hydroxymethanesulfinate (longalit); ascorbic acid such as sodium ascorbate or a salt thereof; elisorbic acid such as sodium erythorsorbate or a salt thereof; ferrous iron Salts; amine compounds such as diethanolamine, triethanolamine, hydrazine, hydroxylamine, dimethylaminopropionitrile, dimethylaminopropanol, piperazine, morpholin; thiourea disulfide, copper sulfate, etc. can be used.
上記成分（Ｑ）の含有割合は、アクリル系薬剤全体を１００質量％とした場合に、好ましくは０．０１〜２質量％、より好ましくは０．０２〜１質量％である。 The content ratio of the component (Q) is preferably 0.01 to 2% by mass, more preferably 0.02 to 1% by mass, when the total amount of the acrylic drug is 100% by mass.
上記アクリル系薬剤は、更に、他の成分を含有することができる。他の成分としては、他の単量体（以下、「成分（Ｒ）」という）、架橋剤（以下、「成分（Ｓ）」という）、防錆剤、消泡剤、乳化剤、金属封止剤、充填剤等が挙げられる。 The acrylic agent can further contain other components. Examples of other components include other monomers (hereinafter referred to as "component (R)"), cross-linking agents (hereinafter referred to as "component (S)"), rust preventives, defoamers, emulsifiers, and metal encapsulants. Agents, fillers and the like can be mentioned.
上記成分（Ｒ）は、イオン性単量体（アニオン性単量体又はカチオン性単量体）及び非イオン性単量体のいずれでもよく、これらを組み合わせて用いてもよい。アニオン性単量体としては、（メタ）アクリル酸；イタコン酸、イタコン酸モノアルキルエステル、マレイン酸、マレイン酸モノアルキルエステル、フマル酸、フマル酸モノアルキルエステル、シトラコン酸、シトラコン酸モノアルキルエステル、桂皮酸、無水イタコン酸、無水マレイン酸等のカルボキシ基含有単量体及びその塩又は無水物；２−アクリルアミド−２−メチルプロパンスルホン酸、ビニルスルホン酸、アリルスルホン酸、メタリルスルホン酸、スチレンスルホン酸、ポリオキシアルキレンモノ（メタ）アクリレート硫酸、２−ヒドロキシエチル（メタ）アクリロイルホスフェート、フェニル−２−アクリロイルオキシエチルホスフェート、２−アクリロイルオキシアルキルホスホン酸及びそれらの塩（アルカリ金属塩、アルカリ土類金属塩又はアンモニウム塩）等が挙げられる。上記成分（Ｒ）は、上記成分（Ｑ）に含まれてもよいとした還元剤を含むことができる。 The component (R) may be either an ionic monomer (anionic monomer or cationic monomer) or a nonionic monomer, and these may be used in combination. As anionic monomers, (meth) acrylic acid; itaconic acid, itaconic acid monoalkyl ester, maleic acid, maleic acid monoalkyl ester, fumaric acid, fumaric acid monoalkyl ester, citraconic acid, citraconic acid monoalkyl ester, Carboxy group-containing monomers such as cinnamic acid, itaconic anhydride, maleic anhydride and salts or anhydrides thereof; 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid, allylsulfonic acid, metallicylsulfonic acid, styrene Sulfonic acid, polyoxyalkylene mono (meth) acrylate sulfate, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acryloyl phosphate, phenyl-2-acryloyloxyethyl phosphate, 2-acryloyloxyalkylphosphonic acid and their salts (alkali metal salt, alkaline soil) Kind metal salt or ammonium salt) and the like. The component (R) can include a reducing agent that may be contained in the component (Q).
上記アクリル系薬剤が成分（Ｒ）を含有する場合、この成分（Ｒ）の含有割合の上限は、アクリル系薬剤全体を１００質量％とした場合に、好ましくは４０質量％、より好ましくは３０質量％である。 When the acrylic drug contains the component (R), the upper limit of the content ratio of the component (R) is preferably 40% by mass, more preferably 30% by mass when the entire acrylic drug is 100% by mass. %.
上記成分（Ｓ）は、地盤の中で、上記成分（Ｐ）とともに架橋構造を有する有機高分子を形成せしめる成分である。上記成分（Ｓ）は、有機化合物成分（Ｓ１）及び無機化合物成分（Ｓ２）のいずれでもよく、上記アクリル系薬剤は、これら両方を含有してもよい。 The component (S) is a component that forms an organic polymer having a crosslinked structure together with the component (P) in the ground. The component (S) may be either an organic compound component (S1) or an inorganic compound component (S2), and the acrylic agent may contain both of them.
上記成分（Ｓ）が有機化合物成分（Ｓ１）である場合、ポリエチレングリコールジ（メタ）アクリレート、メチレンビスアクリルアミド、ヒドロキシエチレンビスアクリルアミド等の水溶性ジビニル化合物、Ｎ−メチロールアクリルアミド等が挙げられる。 When the component (S) is an organic compound component (S1), examples thereof include water-soluble divinyl compounds such as polyethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, methylene bisacrylamide, and hydroxyethylene bisacrylamide, and N-methylolacrylamide.
上記アクリル系薬剤が有機化合物成分（Ｓ１）を含有する場合、この有機化合物成分（Ｓ１）の含有割合の上限は、アクリル系薬剤全体を１００質量％とした場合に、好ましくは２５質量％、より好ましくは１５質量％である。 When the acrylic agent contains the organic compound component (S1), the upper limit of the content ratio of the organic compound component (S1) is preferably 25% by mass, more preferably 25% by mass when the entire acrylic agent is 100% by mass. It is preferably 15% by mass.
上記成分（Ｓ）が無機化合物成分（Ｓ２）である場合、成分（Ｐ）以外の化合物である多価金属塩が好ましい。この多価金属塩は、２価の金属塩及び３価以上の金属塩のいずれでもよく、上記アクリル系薬剤は、これら両方を含有してもよい。
２価の金属塩としては、マグネシウム塩、カルシウム塩、バリウム塩等が挙げられる。また、３価以上の金属塩としては、アルミニウム塩、ジルコニウム塩、チタン塩、セリウム塩等が挙げられる。
本発明においては、成分（Ｐ）を含む重合性不飽和化合物により形成されるゲル状有機高分子の強度を制御し易い点から、３価以上の金属塩を含むことが好ましい。
When the component (S) is an inorganic compound component (S2), a polyvalent metal salt which is a compound other than the component (P) is preferable. The polyvalent metal salt may be either a divalent metal salt or a trivalent or higher valent metal salt, and the acrylic agent may contain both of them.
Examples of the divalent metal salt include magnesium salt, calcium salt, barium salt and the like. Examples of trivalent or higher valent metal salts include aluminum salts, zirconium salts, titanium salts, cerium salts and the like.
In the present invention, it is preferable to contain a metal salt having a valence of 3 or more from the viewpoint that the strength of the gel-like organic polymer formed by the polymerizable unsaturated compound containing the component (P) can be easily controlled.
３価以上の金属塩としては、塩化アルミニウム、硝酸アルミニウム、硫酸アルミニウム、ミョウバン、ナトリウムミョウバン、酢酸アルミニウム、乳酸アルミニウム、ポリ塩化アルミニウム（塩基性塩化アルミニウム）、ポリ硫酸塩化アルミニウム（塩基性硫酸塩化アルミニウム）等のアルミニウム塩；酢酸ジルコニウム、硝酸ジルコニウム、塩化ジルコニウム、乳酸ジルコニウム、炭酸ジルコニウム、オキシ硝酸ジルコニウム、オキシ酢酸ジルコニウム、硫酸ジルコニウム、オキシ硫酸ジルコニウム等のジルコニウム塩；塩化チタン、硝酸セリウム等が挙げられる。これらのうち、アルミニウム塩及びジルコニウム塩が好ましく、アルミニウム塩が特に好ましい。
また、上記成分（Ｓ）が塩基性塩であると、架橋剤として作用するとともに、腐食抑制能を効果的に向上させることができる。
Examples of trivalent or higher metal salts include aluminum chloride, aluminum nitrate, aluminum sulfate, alum, sodium alum, aluminum acetate, aluminum lactate, polyaluminum chloride (basic aluminum chloride), and polyaluminum sulfate (basic aluminum sulfate). Aluminum salts such as zirconium acetate, zirconium nitrate, zirconium chloride, zirconium lactate, zirconium carbonate, zirconium oxynitrate, zirconium oxyacetate, zirconium sulfate, zirconium oxysulfate and the like; titanium chloride, cerium nitrate and the like. Of these, aluminum salts and zirconium salts are preferable, and aluminum salts are particularly preferable.
Further, when the component (S) is a basic salt, it acts as a cross-linking agent and can effectively improve the corrosion suppressing ability.
上記アクリル系薬剤が無機化合物成分（Ｓ２）を含有する場合、この無機化合物の含有割合の上限は、アクリル系薬剤全体を１００質量％とした場合に、好ましくは２５質量％、より好ましくは１５質量％である。 When the acrylic drug contains the inorganic compound component (S2), the upper limit of the content ratio of the inorganic compound is preferably 25% by mass, more preferably 15% by mass when the entire acrylic drug is 100% by mass. %.
上記アクリル系薬剤は、更に、水を含有する組成物であることが好ましく、このような組成物において、上記成分（Ｐ）及び成分（Ｓ）の合計量の含有割合（注入材の含有割合）は、地中地盤への浸透速度等の観点から、好ましくは０．５〜７５質量％、より好ましくは２〜４５質量％である。 The acrylic chemical is preferably a composition containing water, and in such a composition, the content ratio of the total amount of the component (P) and the component (S) (content ratio of the injection material). Is preferably 0.5 to 75% by mass, more preferably 2 to 45% by mass, from the viewpoint of the penetration rate into the underground ground and the like.
尚、上記アクリル系薬剤において、重合開始剤の種類によっては、上記の全成分が併存した（使用前の）時点で、成分（Ｐ）を含む重合性不飽和化合物の重合反応が直ちに進行することがある。従って、上記アクリル系薬剤を地中地盤へ注入して、地盤の改良を行う際には、含有成分の種類によって、別々に保管したものを使用直前に混合してアクリル系薬剤を調製するか、又は、地盤へ注入する途中に全成分が混合されるように用いるかを選択することが好ましい。 In the acrylic agent, depending on the type of the polymerization initiator, the polymerization reaction of the polymerizable unsaturated compound containing the component (P) immediately proceeds when all the above components coexist (before use). There is. Therefore, when injecting the above acrylic agent into the underground ground to improve the ground, depending on the type of the contained component, separately stored ones may be mixed immediately before use to prepare an acrylic agent. Alternatively, it is preferable to select whether to use so that all the components are mixed during injection into the ground.
次に、本発明における、具体的な地盤改良効果確認方法として、上記アクリル系薬剤を用いた方法について説明する。 Next, as a specific method for confirming the ground improvement effect in the present invention, a method using the above acrylic agent will be described.
はじめに、薬剤の注入が必要な地盤の土壌の構成を把握するために、これを採取し、元素の定性及び定量分析を行う。この元素分析では、公知の分析手段を適用することができ、少なくとも金属及び炭素の定量分析を行う。
定量分析工程で測定対象とする金属元素は、土壌の分析結果により決定することができるが、土壌を構成する全元素の合計に対して、好ましくは１５質量％以下、より好ましくは１０質量％以下の含有割合の金属元素が選択される。
その後、土壌の構成元素の種類、使用予定のアクリル系薬剤の構成等により、好適なアクリル系薬剤又は測定対象の金属元素を決定するために、採取した土壌と、特定成分の濃度が異なるように調製した複数種のアクリル系薬剤とを混合して混合物を調製する。特定成分としては、金属元素を含む成分（Ｐ）、又は、上記成分（Ｐ）及び金属元素を含んでもよい成分（Ｓ）の両方を選択することが好ましい。成分（Ｒ）の中には、金属元素を含む化合物があり、このような化合物からなる成分が含まれることはあるが、微量であり、定量分析結果に影響を及ぼさないため、通常、成分（Ｐ）又は成分（Ｓ）が選択される。尚、調製された混合物を、定量分析工程に供する際には、通常、アクリル系高分子及び土壌成分を主とする固結物となっている。
First, in order to understand the composition of the soil in the ground that requires injection of chemicals, this is collected and qualitative and quantitative analysis of the elements is performed. In this elemental analysis, known analytical means can be applied, at least quantitative analysis of metals and carbons is performed.
The metal element to be measured in the quantitative analysis step can be determined from the analysis result of the soil, but is preferably 15% by mass or less, more preferably 10% by mass or less, based on the total of all the elements constituting the soil. The metal element having the content ratio of is selected.
After that, in order to determine a suitable acrylic chemical or metal element to be measured depending on the type of constituent elements of the soil, the composition of the acrylic chemical to be used, etc., the concentration of the specific component is different from that of the collected soil. A mixture is prepared by mixing the prepared acrylic agents. As the specific component, it is preferable to select either the component (P) containing a metal element, or both the above component (P) and the component (S) which may contain a metal element. The component (R) includes a compound containing a metal element, and a component composed of such a compound may be contained, but since it is a trace amount and does not affect the quantitative analysis result, it is usually a component (R). P) or component (S) is selected. When the prepared mixture is subjected to a quantitative analysis step, it is usually a consolidated product mainly composed of an acrylic polymer and a soil component.
上記複数種の混合物に対して、金属及び炭素の少なくとも一方を定量分析する（定量分析工程）場合の具体的な手段は、土壌の構成元素に応じて選択した分析対象の金属の種類等により、適宜、選択することが好ましい。
定量分析方法としては、例えば、混合物サンプルを溶媒に溶解させて調製した液（以下、「試料液」という）を、誘導結合プラズマ発光分光分析（ＩＣＰ−ＡＥＳ）又は全有機体炭素分析に供することにより、金属又は炭素を、それぞれ、定量することができる。
The specific means for quantitatively analyzing at least one of the metal and carbon of the above-mentioned mixture of two types (quantitative analysis step) depends on the type of metal to be analyzed selected according to the constituent elements of the soil. It is preferable to select as appropriate.
As a quantitative analysis method, for example, a solution prepared by dissolving a mixture sample in a solvent (hereinafter referred to as “sample solution”) is subjected to inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) or total organism carbon analysis. Allows the metal or carbon to be quantified, respectively.
上記試料液は、溶媒（抽出溶媒）として酸性水溶液により混合物サンプルを処理して得られた液であることが好ましい。この酸性水溶液は、硝酸、硫酸、塩酸、リン酸等の無機酸の水溶液であることが好ましく、硝酸水溶液、硫酸水溶液及び塩酸水溶液が特に好ましい。
上記酸性水溶液のｐＨは、特に限定されないが、好ましくは３以下、より好ましくは２以下、特に好ましくは１以下である。例えば、（メタ）アクリル酸のアルカリ土類金属塩を含む成分（Ｐ）を含有するアクリル系薬剤を用いた場合は、形成された有機高分子が少なくともＭｇ等のアルカリ土類金属及びＣを含むこととなる。また、このアクリル系薬剤が、成分（Ｒ）として好ましい３価以上の金属塩を更に含有した場合には、アルカリ土類金属、Ｃ及び３価以上の金属元素を含み、強固にネットワーク化された有機高分子が形成されることとなる。従って、分析対象の元素が確実に上記試料液に含まれるようにするために、強酸水溶液を用いて抽出することが好ましい。
The sample solution is preferably a solution obtained by treating a mixture sample with an acidic aqueous solution as a solvent (extraction solvent). The acidic aqueous solution is preferably an aqueous solution of an inorganic acid such as nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, or phosphoric acid, and a nitric acid aqueous solution, a sulfuric acid aqueous solution, or a hydrochloric acid aqueous solution is particularly preferable.
The pH of the acidic aqueous solution is not particularly limited, but is preferably 3 or less, more preferably 2 or less, and particularly preferably 1 or less. For example, when an acrylic chemical containing a component (P) containing an alkaline earth metal salt of (meth) acrylic acid is used, the formed organic polymer contains at least an alkaline earth metal such as Mg and C. It will be. Further, when this acrylic chemical further contains a metal salt having a valence of trivalent or higher, which is preferable as the component (R), it contains an alkaline earth metal, C and a metal element having a valence of trivalent or higher, and is strongly networked. An organic polymer will be formed. Therefore, in order to ensure that the element to be analyzed is contained in the sample solution, it is preferable to extract using a strong acid aqueous solution.
上記酸性水溶液を用いた試料液の調製方法は、特に限定されない。例えば、１ｇの混合物サンプルを酸性水溶液４０ｍｌの中に入れて、２０℃〜８０℃の条件下、撹拌することにより試料液を得ることができる。 The method for preparing the sample solution using the acidic aqueous solution is not particularly limited. For example, a sample solution can be obtained by putting a 1 g mixture sample in 40 ml of an acidic aqueous solution and stirring under the conditions of 20 ° C. to 80 ° C.
金属を測定対象元素とする場合には、アクリル系薬剤に含まれるものであって、土壌を構成する一方、その含有割合が低い金属が選択される。従って、上記酸性水溶液により、測定対象の金属元素が、アクリル系薬剤及び土壌の混合物（固結物）から十分に抽出されれば、測定対象元素が金属の場合だけでなく炭素の場合であっても、理論上、アクリル系薬剤に含まれる特定成分の濃度と、測定対象元素（金属又は炭素）の分析値とは比例関係にある（図１の（１）参照）。しかしながら、測定対象元素の種類によるが、特定成分の濃度が高くなると、混合物（固結物）の定量値が、混合物の組成から計算される計算値（理論値）より低くなる傾向にあり、グラフ化すると、図１の（１）に点線で示す曲線のように、理論直線の下側にずれる。本発明の効果を確実に得るためには、複数種の混合物から抽出した後の各定量値を結んで得られる直線が理論直線とずれが少なく相関がある領域の薬剤を用いることが好ましい。図１の（１）では、特定成分の濃度がＣ２までの領域では、混合物の組成から計算される理論値との相関性が高く、この領域では、測定対象元素の定量分析を正確に行うことができることを意味する。このようにグラフ化することにより、土壌の種類に応じて好適なアクリル系薬剤を容易に把握することができる。 When a metal is used as an element to be measured, a metal that is contained in an acrylic chemical and that constitutes soil but has a low content ratio is selected. Therefore, if the metal element to be measured is sufficiently extracted from the mixture (solidified product) of the acrylic chemical and soil by the acidic aqueous solution, it is not only the case where the element to be measured is metal but also the case where it is carbon. In theory, the concentration of a specific component contained in an acrylic drug is proportional to the analytical value of the element to be measured (metal or carbon) (see (1) in FIG. 1). However, depending on the type of element to be measured, as the concentration of a specific component increases, the quantitative value of the mixture (solidified product) tends to be lower than the calculated value (theoretical value) calculated from the composition of the mixture. Then, it shifts to the lower side of the theoretical straight line as shown by the dotted line in FIG. 1 (1). In order to surely obtain the effect of the present invention, it is preferable to use a drug in a region in which the straight line obtained by connecting the quantitative values after extraction from a plurality of types of mixtures has little deviation from the theoretical straight line and has a correlation. In FIG. 1 (1), in the region where the concentration of the specific component is up to C 2 , the correlation with the theoretical value calculated from the composition of the mixture is high, and in this region, the quantitative analysis of the element to be measured is accurately performed. Means that you can. By making a graph in this way, it is possible to easily grasp suitable acrylic chemicals according to the type of soil.
上記の複数種の混合物からなる固結物に対しては、例えば、一軸圧縮強さ等の物性を測定して、グラフ化すると、図１の（２）に示す曲線が得られるので、特定成分の濃度に応じて薬剤を用いた場合の、即ち、地盤に薬剤を注入して形成された薬剤固結部における物性を把握することができる。 For a consolidated product composed of the above-mentioned mixture of a plurality of types, for example, when the physical properties such as uniaxial compressive strength are measured and graphed, the curve shown in FIG. 1 (2) can be obtained. It is possible to grasp the physical characteristics of the drug-consolidated portion formed by injecting the drug into the ground when the drug is used according to the concentration of the drug.
以下、アクリル系薬剤を用いて、複数種の混合物を調製した後、金属又は炭素について得られた定量分析値を、理論値と比較した例を示す。尚、下記において、部及び％は、特に断らない限り、質量基準である。 Hereinafter, an example will be shown in which the quantitative analysis values obtained for the metal or carbon after preparing a mixture of a plurality of types using an acrylic agent are compared with the theoretical values. In the following, parts and% are based on mass unless otherwise specified.
１．薬剤
（メタ）アクリル酸金属塩であるアクリル酸マグネシウム（以下、「Ｐ」と表記）をベースとして、架橋剤であるポリエチレングリコールジアクリレート（ＰＥＧＤＡ、以下、「Ｓ１」と表記）又はポリ塩化アルミニウム（ＰＡＣ、以下、「Ｓ２」と表記）を含有する場合及び含有しない場合で表１〜表３の薬剤（Ｘ）、（Ｙ）及び（Ｚ）を調製した。尚、重合開始剤は、ｔ−アミルハイドロパーオキサイド（以下、「Ｑ」と表記）であり、添加剤は、チオ硫酸ナトリウムである。また、表１〜表３において、「注入材の濃度」は、アクリル酸マグネシウム及び架橋剤の合計濃度を意味する。
1. 1. Based on magnesium acrylate (hereinafter referred to as "P") which is a chemical (meth) acrylic acid metal salt, polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA, hereinafter referred to as "S1") or polyaluminum chloride (hereinafter referred to as "S1") which is a cross-linking agent. The agents (X), (Y) and (Z) shown in Tables 1 to 3 were prepared with and without PAC (hereinafter referred to as "S2"). The polymerization initiator is t-amyl hydroperoxide (hereinafter referred to as "Q"), and the additive is sodium thiosulfate. Further, in Tables 1 to 3, the "concentration of the injection material" means the total concentration of magnesium acrylate and the cross-linking agent.
２．薬剤を適用した土壌
上記の薬剤を用いた効果確認のために併用した土壌を、以下に示す。
（１）豊浦砂
（２）名港砂（愛知県名古屋市港区沿岸部で採取したもの）
また、表４には、誘導結合プラズマ発光分光分析（ＩＣＰ−ＡＥＳ）による土壌の元素分析結果を示したが、豊浦砂及び名港砂の両方において、Ａｌ及びＭｇの含有割合がいずれも１０％であるため、金属元素の分析対象とすることができると判断し、これらＡｌ及びＭｇと、Ｃとを分析対象とした。
2. Soil to which the chemicals are applied The soils used in combination to confirm the effects of the above chemicals are shown below.
(1) Toyoura sand (2) Meiko sand (collected in the coastal area of Minato-ku, Nagoya City, Aichi Prefecture)
Table 4 shows the results of elemental analysis of soil by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). In both Toyoura sand and Meiko sand, the content of Al and Mg was 10%. Therefore, it was judged that the metal element could be analyzed, and Al, Mg, and C were used as analysis targets.
３．薬剤による効果確認実験
土壌と薬剤とを質量比２９８：９２で用い、水中落下法によりモールド（φ５ｃｍ×Ｈ１０ｃｍ）の中でこれらを混合し、円筒状の固結物を作製した。但し、薬剤Ｘ１、Ｙ１及びＺ１の場合、固結物が得られず、いずれも、スラリーである。
その後、固結物又はスラリーの１ｇに、抽出溶媒として、表５に示す酸性水溶液（Ａ１）〜（Ａ４）又は水（Ａ５）４０ｇを加え、振とう（２４時間）し、抽出液を遠心分離し、上澄み液を回収した。その後、この上澄み液を誘導結合プラズマ発光分光分析（ＩＣＰ−ＡＥＳ）で元素分析（対象：Ｍｇ及びＡｌ）するか、全有機体炭素（ＴＯＣ）分析を行った。薬剤（Ｘ）、（Ｙ）及び（Ｚ）において、注入材の濃度が互いに異なる薬剤を用いるため、元素分析の結果が、注入材の濃度と比例関係にあるか否かを調べた。また、薬液を用いずに、表５の抽出溶媒及び土壌を用いた場合のブランク試験も行い、上記の測定値に対する補正を行った。
3. 3. Experiment to confirm the effect of chemicals Soil and chemicals were used at a mass ratio of 298: 92, and these were mixed in a mold (φ5 cm × H10 cm) by the underwater drop method to prepare a cylindrical solidified product. However, in the case of the drugs X1, Y1 and Z1, no solidified product was obtained, and all of them were slurries.
Then, 40 g of the acidic aqueous solutions (A1) to (A4) or water (A5) shown in Table 5 is added to 1 g of the solidified product or slurry as an extraction solvent, shaken (24 hours), and the extract is centrifuged. Then, the supernatant liquid was collected. Then, the supernatant was subjected to elemental analysis (targets: Mg and Al) by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) or total organic carbon (TOC) analysis. Since the agents (X), (Y) and (Z) used agents having different concentrations of the injection material, it was investigated whether or not the result of the elemental analysis was proportional to the concentration of the injection material. In addition, a blank test was also performed when the extraction solvent and soil shown in Table 5 were used without using the chemical solution, and the above measured values were corrected.
実験例１
表１に記載の薬剤（Ｘ）と、豊浦砂と、表５に記載の抽出溶媒（Ａ１）とを用いて、上記の操作を行った。尚、測定対象元素は、Ｍｇ及びＣである。元素分析データの補正値を、薬剤（Ｘ）及び豊浦砂の使用量から算出した理論値とともに、表６に示す。
The above operation was performed using the agent (X) shown in Table 1, Toyoura sand, and the extraction solvent (A1) shown in Table 5. The elements to be measured are Mg and C. The correction values of the elemental analysis data are shown in Table 6 together with the theoretical values calculated from the amounts of the chemical (X) and Toyoura sand used.
豊浦砂に関する表６のデータをもとに、薬剤（Ｘ）における注入材の濃度をＸ軸、Ｍｇ量及びＣ量をＹ軸として、補正値及び理論値をプロットして、グラフ化したところ、補正値及び理論値の相関性が高い濃度領域があることが分かった（図３及び図４参照）。図３より、薬剤（Ｘ）を用いる場合、注入材の濃度を１２％程度までとすることにより、分析対象をＭｇとして改良地盤を好適に確認可能であることが分かる。また、図４より、薬剤（Ｘ）を用いる場合、注入材の濃度を１２％程度までとすることにより、分析対象をＣとして改良地盤を好適に確認可能であることが分かる。更に、強酸水溶液である抽出溶媒（Ａ１）も好適であることが分かった。 Based on the data in Table 6 regarding Toyoura sand, the correction values and theoretical values were plotted and graphed with the concentration of the injection material in the drug (X) on the X-axis and the Mg and C amounts on the Y-axis. It was found that there is a concentration region in which the correction value and the theoretical value are highly correlated (see FIGS. 3 and 4). From FIG. 3, it can be seen that when the drug (X) is used, the improved ground can be suitably confirmed by setting the concentration of the injection material to about 12% and setting the analysis target as Mg. Further, from FIG. 4, it can be seen that when the drug (X) is used, the improved ground can be suitably confirmed with the analysis target as C by setting the concentration of the injection material to about 12%. Furthermore, it was found that the extraction solvent (A1), which is a strong acid aqueous solution, is also suitable.
実験例２
表２に記載の薬剤（Ｙ）と、豊浦砂と、表５に記載の抽出溶媒（Ａ１）又は（Ａ２）とを用いて、上記の操作を行った。尚、測定対象元素は、Ｍｇ及びＣである。元素分析データの補正値を、薬剤（Ｙ）及び豊浦砂の使用量から算出した理論値とともに、表７に示す。
The above operation was performed using the agent (Y) shown in Table 2, Toyoura sand, and the extraction solvent (A1) or (A2) shown in Table 5. The elements to be measured are Mg and C. The correction values of the elemental analysis data are shown in Table 7 together with the theoretical values calculated from the amounts of the chemical (Y) and Toyoura sand used.
豊浦砂に関する表７のデータをもとに、薬剤（Ｙ）における注入材の濃度をＸ軸、Ｍｇ量及びＣ量をＹ軸として、補正値及び理論値をプロットして、グラフ化したところ、補正値及び理論値の相関性が高い濃度領域があることが分かった（図５及び図６参照）。図５及び図６より、注入材の濃度が１２％程度までの薬剤（Ｙ）を用いる場合には、その後、抽出溶媒（Ａ１）を用い、分析対象をＭｇ及びＣのいずれとしても改良地盤を好適に確認可能であることが分かる。また、注入材の濃度が６％程度までの薬剤（Ｙ）を用いる場合には、その後、抽出溶媒（Ａ２）を用い、分析対象をＭｇ及びＣのいずれとしても改良地盤を好適に確認可能であることが分かる。 Based on the data in Table 7 regarding Toyoura sand, the correction values and theoretical values were plotted and graphed with the concentration of the injection material in the drug (Y) on the X-axis and the Mg and C amounts on the Y-axis. It was found that there is a concentration region in which the correction value and the theoretical value are highly correlated (see FIGS. 5 and 6). From FIGS. 5 and 6, when the drug (Y) having a concentration of the injection material up to about 12% is used, the extraction solvent (A1) is then used, and the improved ground is used regardless of whether the analysis target is Mg or C. It can be seen that it can be confirmed favorably. Further, when the chemical (Y) having a concentration of the injection material up to about 6% is used, the improved ground can be suitably confirmed by using the extraction solvent (A2) and then using either Mg or C as the analysis target. It turns out that there is.
実験例３
表３に記載の薬剤（Ｚ）と、名港砂と、表５に記載の抽出溶媒（Ａ１）又は（Ａ２）とを用いて、上記の操作を行った。尚、測定対象元素は、Ｍｇ、Ａｌ及びＣである。元素分析データの補正値を、薬剤（Ｚ）及び名港砂の使用量から算出した理論値とともに、表８に示す。
The above operation was performed using the agent (Z) shown in Table 3, the famous port sand, and the extraction solvent (A1) or (A2) shown in Table 5. The elements to be measured are Mg, Al and C. The correction values of the elemental analysis data are shown in Table 8 together with the theoretical values calculated from the amount of the chemical (Z) and the famous port sand used.
名港砂に関する表８のデータをもとに、薬剤（Ｚ）における注入材の濃度をＸ軸、Ｍｇ量、Ａｌ量及びＣ量をＹ軸として、補正値及び理論値をプロットして、グラフ化したところ、補正値及び理論値の相関性が高い濃度領域があることが分かった（図７、図８及び図９参照）。図７、図８及び図９より、注入材の濃度が１２％程度までの薬剤（Ｚ）を用いる場合には、その後、抽出溶媒（Ａ１）又は（Ａ２）を用い、分析対象をＭｇとして改良地盤を好適に確認可能であることが分かる。また、注入材の濃度が１２％程度までの薬剤（Ｚ）を用いる場合には、その後、抽出溶媒（Ａ１）を用い、分析対象をＡｌ及びＣのいずれとしても改良地盤を好適に確認可能であることが分かる。 Based on the data in Table 8 regarding the famous port sand, the correction value and the theoretical value are plotted and graphed with the concentration of the injection material in the drug (Z) as the X-axis, the Mg amount, the Al amount and the C amount as the Y-axis. As a result, it was found that there was a concentration region in which the correlation between the correction value and the theoretical value was high (see FIGS. 7, 8 and 9). From FIGS. 7, 8 and 9, when the drug (Z) having a concentration of the injection material up to about 12% is used, the extraction solvent (A1) or (A2) is then used to improve the analysis target as Mg. It can be seen that the ground can be confirmed favorably. Further, when the chemical (Z) having a concentration of the injection material up to about 12% is used, the improved ground can be suitably confirmed regardless of whether the analysis target is Al or C by using the extraction solvent (A1) thereafter. It turns out that there is.
実験例４
表３に記載の薬剤（Ｚ）と、豊浦砂と、表５に記載の抽出溶媒（Ａ１）、（Ａ２）、（Ａ３）、（Ａ４）又は（Ａ５）とを用いて、上記の操作を行った。尚、測定対象元素は、Ｍｇ、Ａｌ及びＣである。元素分析データの補正値を、薬剤（Ｚ）及び豊浦砂の使用量から算出した理論値とともに、表９に示す。
Using the agent (Z) shown in Table 3, Toyoura sand, and the extraction solvents (A1), (A2), (A3), (A4) or (A5) shown in Table 5, the above operation was performed. went. The elements to be measured are Mg, Al and C. The correction values of the elemental analysis data are shown in Table 9 together with the theoretical values calculated from the amounts of the chemical (Z) and Toyoura sand used.
豊浦砂に関する表８のデータをもとに、薬剤（Ｚ）における注入材の濃度をＸ軸、Ｍｇ量、Ａｌ量及びＣ量をＹ軸として、補正値及び理論値をプロットして、グラフ化したところ、補正値及び理論値の相関性が高い濃度領域があることが分かった（図１０、図１１及び図１２参照）。図１０、図１１及び図１２より、注入材の濃度が１２％程度までの薬剤（Ｚ）を用いる場合には、その後、抽出溶媒（Ａ１）、（Ａ２）、（Ａ３）又は（Ａ４）を用い、分析対象をＭｇとして改良地盤を好適に確認可能であることが分かる。また、注入材の濃度が１２％程度までの薬剤（Ｚ）を用いる場合には、その後、抽出溶媒（Ａ１）、（Ａ３）又は（Ａ４）を用い、分析対象をＡｌ及びＣのいずれとしても改良地盤を好適に確認可能であることが分かる。更に、注入材の濃度が６％程度までの薬剤（Ｚ）を用いる場合には、その後、抽出溶媒（Ａ２）を用い、分析対象をＡｌ及びＣのいずれとしても改良地盤を好適に確認可能であることが分かる。 Based on the data in Table 8 regarding Toyoura sand, the correction values and theoretical values are plotted and graphed with the concentration of the injection material in the drug (Z) on the X-axis, the Mg amount, the Al amount, and the C amount on the Y-axis. As a result, it was found that there was a concentration region in which the correlation between the correction value and the theoretical value was high (see FIGS. 10, 11 and 12). From FIGS. 10, 11 and 12, when the drug (Z) having a concentration of the injection material up to about 12% is used, the extraction solvents (A1), (A2), (A3) or (A4) are subsequently used. It can be seen that the improved ground can be preferably confirmed by using Mg as the analysis target. When the drug (Z) having a concentration of the injection material up to about 12% is used, then the extraction solvent (A1), (A3) or (A4) is used, and the analysis target is either Al or C. It can be seen that the improved ground can be confirmed favorably. Further, when the chemical (Z) having a concentration of the injection material up to about 6% is used, the improved ground can be suitably confirmed regardless of whether the analysis target is Al or C by using the extraction solvent (A2). It turns out that there is.
これらの実験例から、土壌の種類によって、好適な抽出溶媒と、アルカリ系薬剤における、特定成分（上記の場合、アクリル酸マグネシウムのみ、又は、アクリル酸マグネシウム及び架橋剤の両方）の上限濃度（図１の（１）におけるＣ２）とを決定することができることが分かった。従って、補強等の必要な地盤に薬剤を注入すると、注入部において、土壌と薬剤とが混ざり合うことになるため、採取した土壌を用いて、上記の実験例で示す定量分析工程を含む作業を行って金属分析又は炭素分析を行うことにより、図２〜図１１のようなグラフを作成し、土壌の構成に応じて好適な薬剤を把握することができる。その後、上記のように、特定成分が好適な濃度範囲にある薬剤と、土壌とを組み合わせて固結物を作製し、その物理物性を測定することにより、改良地盤の性能を把握することができる（図１の（２）参照）。 From these experimental examples, depending on the type of soil, a suitable extraction solvent and the upper limit concentration of a specific component (in the above case, magnesium acrylate alone or both magnesium acrylate and a cross-linking agent) in an alkaline agent (Fig. it was found that it is possible to determine C 2) and in one of (1). Therefore, if the chemical is injected into the ground that requires reinforcement, etc., the soil and the chemical will be mixed at the injection part. Therefore, the work including the quantitative analysis step shown in the above experimental example is performed using the collected soil. By performing metal analysis or carbon analysis, graphs as shown in FIGS. 2 to 11 can be created, and suitable chemicals can be grasped according to the soil composition. After that, as described above, the performance of the improved ground can be grasped by producing a consolidated product by combining a chemical having a specific component in a suitable concentration range and soil and measuring its physical characteristics. (See (2) in FIG. 1).
上記の実験例では、アクリル系高分子を形成する薬剤の使用例を示したが、本発明は、アクリルアミド系高分子、ポリビニルアルコール又はウレタン系高分子を形成する薬剤を用いて、同様の作業を行って、薬剤による改良効果を効率よく把握することができる。 In the above experimental example, an example of using a drug that forms an acrylic polymer was shown, but in the present invention, the same work is performed using a drug that forms an acrylamide polymer, polyvinyl alcohol, or a urethane polymer. By doing so, the improvement effect of the drug can be efficiently grasped.
本発明の地盤改良方法及び地盤改良工法は、上記本発明の地盤の改良効果確認方法に基づく確認工程を備えることを特徴とする。本発明の地盤改良工法及び地盤改良工法は、好ましくは、確認工程、及び、薬剤を地盤に注入する注入工程を、順次、進めるものである。地盤改良に好適な工法としては、浸透固化処理工法、ジェットグラウト工法等が挙げられ、これらのうち、浸透固化処理工法が特に好ましい。 The ground improvement method and the ground improvement method of the present invention are characterized by including a confirmation step based on the above-mentioned method for confirming the effect of improving the ground of the present invention. The ground improvement method and the ground improvement method of the present invention preferably sequentially proceed with a confirmation step and an injection step of injecting a chemical into the ground. Examples of the construction method suitable for ground improvement include a permeation solidification treatment method, a jet grout construction method, and the like, and among these, the permeation solidification treatment method is particularly preferable.
例えば、アクリル系薬剤を用いた浸透固化処理工法は、薬剤注入により、薬剤が地盤に浸透し、地盤の間隙に存在する水を薬剤に置換した後、薬剤に含まれる成分（Ｐ）を含む重合性不飽和化合物の重合反応が進行し、ゲル化されつつ有機高分子が形成されて、地中地盤の間隙周辺の土壌とともに形成された固結土からなる改良地盤として、液状化を防止する地盤改良工法である。また、この浸透固化処理工法は、比較的小規模な装置を用いて注入管から必要な箇所に薬剤を注入し、浸透固化させる工法であり、タンクや橋脚等の移動困難な既設構造物の直下の地盤の液状化対策に有効である。上記アクリル系薬剤は、土壌への浸透性に優れ、適度なゲル化時間を有することから、特に、浸透固化処理工法により、効率よく地盤を改良することができる。 For example, in the permeation consolidation treatment method using an acrylic chemical, the chemical penetrates into the ground by injecting the chemical, replaces the water existing in the gaps in the ground with the chemical, and then polymerizes containing the component (P) contained in the chemical. The ground that prevents liquefaction as an improved ground consisting of consolidated soil formed together with the soil around the gaps in the underground ground by the progress of the polymerization reaction of the sex unsaturated compound and the formation of organic polymers while gelling. It is an improved construction method. In addition, this osmosis liquefaction treatment method is a method of injecting chemicals from an injection pipe to a required location using a relatively small-scale device to osmosis and solidify it, and is directly under an existing structure that is difficult to move, such as a tank or pier. It is effective as a countermeasure against liquefaction of the ground. Since the acrylic chemical has excellent permeability to soil and has an appropriate gelation time, the ground can be efficiently improved by the permeation solidification treatment method in particular.
本発明によれば、金属元素及び炭素元素の少なくとも一方を含む化合物を含有し、後に有機高分子が形成される薬剤を用いるので、地盤が軟弱である場合等の地中地盤の所望の位置から採取した土壌、及び、薬剤注入後に改良地盤から採取した土壌に対して、金属分析又は炭素分析を行うことにより、薬剤による改良効果を効率よく把握することができる。従って、地盤を改良する薬剤の注入に係る技術分野において利用可能性が高い。 According to the present invention, since a chemical containing a compound containing at least one of a metal element and a carbon element and later forming an organic polymer is used, from a desired position of the underground ground such as when the ground is soft. By performing metal analysis or carbon analysis on the collected soil and the soil collected from the improved ground after injecting the chemical, the improvement effect of the chemical can be efficiently grasped. Therefore, it is highly applicable in the technical field related to the injection of a drug for improving the ground.
Claims (8)
前記薬剤を注入する前の地盤から採取した土壌、並びに、該地盤に前記薬剤を注入した後の改良地盤に対し、金属及び炭素の少なくとも一方の含有量を定量分析する工程を備えることを特徴とする、地盤の改良効果確認方法。 It is a method of injecting a chemical containing at least one of a metal element and a carbon element into the ground and confirming the improvement effect of the ground on which an organic polymer is formed after the injection.
It is characterized by comprising a step of quantitatively analyzing the content of at least one of metal and carbon in the soil collected from the ground before injecting the chemical and the improved ground after injecting the chemical into the ground. How to check the improvement effect of the ground.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH07197444A (en) * | 1993-12-28 | 1995-08-01 | Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co Ltd | Development method of solidified soil |
| JP2000109829A (en) * | 1998-10-01 | 2000-04-18 | Ube Ind Ltd | Solidifying material for moisture-containing soil and improvement of solidification of moisture-containing soil |
| JP2007051497A (en) * | 2005-08-19 | 2007-03-01 | Kyokado Eng Co Ltd | Checking method for soil improvement effect, and grouting method using the same |
| JP2016107191A (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2016-06-20 | 戸田工業株式会社 | Adsorbent and method for producing the same |
| JP2017048515A (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2017-03-09 | 清水建設株式会社 | Ground improvement method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH07197444A (en) * | 1993-12-28 | 1995-08-01 | Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co Ltd | Development method of solidified soil |
| JP2000109829A (en) * | 1998-10-01 | 2000-04-18 | Ube Ind Ltd | Solidifying material for moisture-containing soil and improvement of solidification of moisture-containing soil |
| JP2007051497A (en) * | 2005-08-19 | 2007-03-01 | Kyokado Eng Co Ltd | Checking method for soil improvement effect, and grouting method using the same |
| JP2016107191A (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2016-06-20 | 戸田工業株式会社 | Adsorbent and method for producing the same |
| JP2017048515A (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2017-03-09 | 清水建設株式会社 | Ground improvement method |
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