JP2021069288A - Simple house - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a simple house that protects a plant from excessive solar light and yields a harvest in improved conditions.SOLUTION: A laminated sheet 11 used for a simple house 10 and having a face of a given shape, comprises a body layer 15 with at least one side of it coated by a substance to block at least infrared rays.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

The present invention relates to a simple house that can be attached to plants such as fruits and flowers. In particular, the present invention relates to a simple greenhouse that can be attached to crops under the control of a grower.

Traditionally, agricultural products have been actively cultivated using agricultural greenhouses, especially greenhouses. However, all conventional agricultural houses are large-scale equipment, and require a vast site as well as a huge amount of materials. And since it takes a long time to be assembled by a specialized equipment assembler, the required funds will be enormous.

On the other hand, it is also possible to cultivate fruit vegetables outdoors without using the above-mentioned agricultural greenhouse. However, taking the case of cultivating tomatoes in the open field as an example, adverse effects such as cracking from the calyx (so-called calyx cracking), hardening of the skin, and discoloration occur due to direct irradiation with ultraviolet rays or infrared rays. sell. In addition, depending on the fruit vegetables to be cultivated, they may be damaged by pests and wild birds during the growth of the fruit.

In order to prevent such harmful effects, when there is no funds to construct an agricultural greenhouse, it has been practiced to cover fruit vegetables with a bag-shaped sheet made of a material such as paper or plastic film. ..

Further, in view of the complexity of the work of creating the bag-shaped processed sheet and the work of coating the fruit vegetables, the fruit vegetables disclosed in Patent Document 1 below are further enhanced in terms of insect repellent and antibacterial properties against the fruit vegetables. A simple house is provided.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2016-42811 (Patent No. 6359918)

The simple house for fruit vegetables disclosed in Patent Document 1 can be attached to plants such as fruit vegetables and flowers at low cost and by simple operation by anyone, anytime and anywhere as needed.

However, even if such a simple house is used, there is a harm that cannot be sufficiently prevented. It is the various damages that excessive irradiation of ultraviolet rays and infrared rays in addition to sunlight, that is, visible light, causes to plants, especially fruits. Patent Document 1 also discloses a configuration example of a simple house in which an ultraviolet ray and / or an infrared ray shielding film is laminated on at least a part of a synthetic resin sheet (see FIG. 5 of the same document). However, it was not always sufficient to block ultraviolet rays and infrared rays, especially against strong sunlight in summer.

For example, infrared rays are also called heat rays because they feel heat when they receive radiation. The infrared rays radiated to the plants promote the growth of the plants if the amount is appropriate, but when the plants are exposed to excessive infrared rays, the heat causes damage to the plant cells. Poor coloring of tomatoes, burning of watermelons, tearing of eggplants, etc. are bad symptoms that occur when infrared rays are excessively received. In addition, depending on the plant, excessive irradiation with ultraviolet rays may also cause calyxing of the plant, poor coloring, burning of balls, burning of leaves and scratches.

For this reason, there has been a demand for a simple house that has a higher shielding property of sunlight, particularly ultraviolet rays and infrared rays than a conventional simple house, and as a result, can protect plants more strongly.

In order to solve such a problem, the simple house according to the present invention is configured by using a laminated sheet having a surface having an arbitrary shape, and this laminated sheet shields infrared rays on at least one surface thereof. It is composed of a main body layer coated with a substance to be coated.

According to the simple house according to the present invention, for example, it has a peculiar effect of protecting plants from excessive sunlight and obtaining a better harvested product.

It is a top view which shows the Example of the simple house which concerns on this invention. It is a figure which shows one use mode example of the Example shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows one use mode example of the Example shown in FIG. It is a schematic side view of the Example shown in FIG. It is the schematic of the main body layer of the laminated sheet used for manufacturing one Example of the simple house which concerns on this invention.

Next, an embodiment of the simple house according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the present specification, first, a part known as a configuration of an embodiment of a simple house and a typical use example will be briefly referred to, and then a configuration peculiar to the present invention will be described in detail.

As shown in FIG. 1, the embodiment of the simple house 10 according to the present invention is composed of a rectangular laminated sheet 11. Note that FIG. 1 is a top view of the back surface of the embodiment of the simple house 10. The front surface or the back surface of the simple house 10 is defined as whether it is an outer surface or an inner surface when the simple house 10 is attached to a plant such as a fruit vegetable or a flower. The front surface of the simple house 10 facing outward during use is the front surface, while the inward facing surface is the back surface. A detailed description of the structure of the laminated sheet 11 will be described later.

Although not shown, the shape of the laminated sheet 11 constituting the simple house 10 is not limited to a rectangle, and any shape such as a polygon other than a quadrangle, a circle or an ellipse, or a combination of these shapes can be adopted. The central portion of the laminated sheet 11 having such a shape is shown by reference numeral 11c in FIG.

The simple house 10 is provided with a notch 12 extending from an arbitrary end 11p of the laminated sheet 11 toward the central portion 11c of the laminated sheet 11.
The simple house 10 is provided with fixing means 13 and 13 on the back surface of the laminated sheet 11. A more specific arrangement position of the fixing means 13 and 13 is the vicinity of both sides of the notch 12. In the embodiment shown in the drawings, the fixing means 13 and 13 are hook-and-loop fasteners. However, the fixing means 13 is not limited to the hook-and-loop fastener, and various known fixing means such as a double-sided tape or a hook composed of a pair of male and female parts may be used for fixing the cut portions.

The specific fixing means to be used is determined by comprehensively considering various factors such as the shape of the laminated sheet 11, the length of the notch 12, and the size and shape of the fruit vegetables assumed to be covered by the simple house 10. It is preferable to determine. Furthermore, the position and number of fixing means to be provided are also comprehensively considered by various factors such as the shape of the laminated sheet 11, the length of the notch 12, and the size and shape of the fruit vegetables assumed to be covered by the simple house 10. It is preferable to determine.

An example of using the simple house 10 shown in FIG. 1 will be briefly described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. In these figures, in view of the material of the laminated sheet 11, the one on the back side of the simple house 10 cannot normally be visually recognized. However, for convenience of explanation of usage examples, even a portion that cannot be visually recognized from the illustrated direction is indicated by a broken line.

First, as shown in FIG. 2, the notch 12 of the simple house 10 is opened, and the stem of the fruit vegetable or flower (indicated by the reference symbol K in FIG. 2) or the support pillar of the fruit vegetable or flower is sandwiched in the open portion, and the notch 12 is inserted. Fixing means 13 and 13 provided in the vicinity of both sides of the above are engaged and fixed to each other.

When the fruit vegetables are tomatoes, for example, as shown in FIG. 3, in the vicinity of the portion where the fruits T, T ... Are formed so that the laminated sheet 11 covers the tomato fruits T, T ... The simple house 10 can be used by sandwiching the stem K between the open portions of the notch 12 and fixing it with fixing means 13 and 13 such as hook-and-loop fasteners.

Although FIG. 3 shows a state in which the tomato seeds T, T ... Have grown to some extent, the time to attach the simple house 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention is the time when the tomato seeds T, T ... Is preferably about 1 to 2 cm in diameter. This is because if the worker attaches the simple house 10 after growing to 2 cm or more, the actual T, T ... Are already adversely affected by ultraviolet rays and so-called calyx cracks or the like occur.

Subsequently, some structural examples of the laminated sheet 11 used in the simple house 10 according to the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 schematically shows a side view of the simple house 10 shown in FIG. 1. For convenience of explanation, the side view in FIG. 4 is enlarged to some extent, but the thickness of the laminated sheet 11 is thin enough to ensure flexibility.

The laminated sheet 11 used in this embodiment is composed of a main body layer 15 and protective layers 17 and 18 applied on each surface of the main body layer 15 to protect the main body layer 15. In the example of FIG. 4, the protective layer 17 is laminated by being applied to the front surface of the laminated sheet 11, and the protective layer 18 is laminated by being applied to the back surface. The laminated sheet 11 can shield sunlight, more specifically infrared rays, visible rays and / or ultraviolet rays, and appropriately suppress the transmission of these sheets.

The laminated sheet 11 may be formed by using a material capable of blocking any kind of light depending on the plant, or the constituent material of the sheet 11 may be processed to obtain such characteristics. The protective layer 17 and 18 can also be formed by coating the main body layer 15 or applying a paint having the effect of shielding a specific type of light to the surface of the main body layer 15 to prevent the light-shielding properties of the constituent materials of the laminated sheet. It is included in the processing example for enhancing.
For example, when the main body layer 15 is to be coated with a substance that shields infrared rays, aluminum or an alloy thereof may be used as the coating material. With such a configuration, the laminated sheet 11 can enhance the shielding ability of not only visible light but also infrared rays.

The laminated sheet 11 may be further formed by using a material having appropriate waterproofness and moisture permeability and having windproof properties, or the constituent material of the sheet 11 may be processed to obtain such characteristics. .. The coating process of the main body layer 15 and the coating of the protective layers 17 and 18 on the surface of the main body layer 15 are also included in the processing examples of the constituent materials of the laminated sheet.
In FIG. 4, the coating processed portion applied to the main body layer 15 of the laminated sheet 11 for the above-mentioned purpose is shown as the main body processed layer portion 15a.

The main body layer 15 is formed of a flexible sheet material, which can appropriately and sufficiently cover fruits and flowers regardless of their shape and size.
The protective layers 17 and 18 may have a property of absorbing a specific type of light. Further, the protective layers 17 and 18 may have a property of preventing the main body layer 15 from being oxidized and deteriorated by being laminated on the surface of the main body layer 15.

The protective layers 17 and 18 may cover the side ends of the main body layer 15 so that the main body layer 15 is not exposed to the outside. For example, the surface dimensions of the protective layers 17 and 18 are formed to be slightly larger than the surface dimensions of the main body layer 15, and the edges of both protective layers are joined so that the protective layers 17 and 18 cover the main body layer 15. May be good.

In this way, by using a plurality of materials and further processing these materials as necessary to form the laminated sheet 11, it is possible to protect plants such as fruits and flowers from various adverse effects. .. If the main body of the simple house 10 is formed using only one kind of material, it is usual that the plant can be protected only against some of the various factors that adversely affect the plant. However, a wider variety of plants can be formed by combining materials having various properties or by processing the base material of the laminated sheet 11 (for example, the main body layer 15) to form the laminated sheet 11 of the simple house 10. It is possible to protect plants from factors that adversely affect the plants.

The structure of the laminated sheet 11 formed by using a plurality of materials and subjecting a predetermined material processing and the forming process thereof are as follows, for example. A main body layer 15 made of a sheet-like material having high visible light reflectivity and excellent moisture permeability, waterproofness, windproofness, etc. is prepared. Examples of the sheet-like material to be the main body layer 15 include a polymer material such as polyethylene and a material containing a non-woven fabric.

Subsequently, the main body layer 15 is coated with aluminum or the like to enhance infrared reflectivity. Further, on both sides of the coated main body layer 15, a paint for preventing oxidative deterioration of the main body layer is applied to form protective layers 17 and 18, which enhances the durability of the simple house 10. At this time, if the plant to be used in the finished simple house 10 should avoid excessive ultraviolet irradiation, the material applied to form the protective layers 17 and 18 is opaque to ultraviolet rays. Use one containing a component having characteristics.

An example of manufacturing the simple house 10 according to the present invention is shown below. In manufacturing the embodiment of the simple house 10 according to the present invention, a heat barrier sheet II (model number HBII-50) manufactured by KITAKEI Co., Ltd. was prepared as the main body layer 15 of the laminated sheet 11 of the simple house 10.
The heat barrier sheet II used as the main body layer 15 has a thickness of 0.2 mm and has a three-layer structure. The first layer 152 of the three-layer structure is made of a polyester long-fiber non-woven fabric, whereby a strength-retaining effect can be obtained. The second layer 154, which is formed on the first layer 152, is composed of a polyethylene breathable film, which provides a moisture permeable and waterproof effect. The third layer 156 formed on the second layer 154 is composed of a polyester long-fiber non-woven fabric having a special aluminum coating 156a on the surface, thereby providing an infrared ray shielding function (heat shielding function). This makes it possible to protect the plants covered with the simple house 10 from the harmful effects of heat.
The side of the surface composed of the first layer 152 is the back surface side of the laminated sheet 11, and the side of the surface composed of the third layer 156 is the front surface side of the laminated sheet 11.

The above-mentioned sheet to be the main body layer 15 of the laminated sheet 11 is cut to an arbitrary size. For example, in order to prepare the main body layer 15 constituting the simple house 10 for tomatoes, melons, and watermelons, the above-mentioned sheet is cut into a square or a substantially square shape of about 30 cm square, and similarly, as the main body layer 15 for eggplants, The above-mentioned sheet may be cut into a square of about 25 cm square or a substantially square shape.

Subsequently, surface fasteners are attached as fixing means 13 and 13 on the back surface of the laminated sheet 11 by thermocompression bonding. The dimensions, number, and mounting locations of the surface fasteners to be crimp-mounted can be arbitrarily designed according to the intended use of the finished simple house 10. Further, the hook-and-loop fastener may be sewn or attached by other known means.
When manufacturing a simple house 10 for tomatoes, a water-based protective paint having a component capable of preventing oxidation of the main body layer 15 and a component capable of blocking or absorbing ultraviolet rays is applied to both sides of the heat barrier sheet II which is the main body layer 15. Apply. As a result of the coating, the protective layers 17 and 18 are formed on the laminated sheet 11 of the simple house 10. As a result, the tomato fruits can be protected from the harmful effects of ultraviolet rays by covering the tomatoes with the simple house 10. For example, the simple house 10 can prevent calyx cracking and poor coloring of tomatoes.

On the other hand, when manufacturing a simple house 10 for eggplant, a water-based protective paint having a property of preventing oxidation of the main body layer 15 is applied to both sides of the heat barrier sheet II, which is the main body layer 15, thereby providing a protective layer. Form 17 and 18. In this case, the water-based protective coating material does not contain a component capable of blocking (absorbing) ultraviolet rays. This is because ultraviolet rays are a necessary element for the good growth of eggplant fruits. More specifically, it is preferable that the eggplant is exposed to an appropriate amount of ultraviolet rays to produce anthocyanin, which is the source of the bright purple color of the eggplant.

Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described so far, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments described with reference to the drawings, and deviates from the scope of the appended claims and the gist thereof. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and substitutions can be made without this, or can be configured equivalent to the embodiments described above.
Further, the invention of the present application can be applied to the technique described in Patent Document 1.

10 simple house
11 Laminated sheet
12 notches
13 Fixing means
15 Body layer
15a Body processing layer
17, 18 protective layer

Claims (4)

A simple house constructed by using a laminated sheet having a surface having an arbitrary shape, the laminated sheet includes a main body layer in which at least a substance that shields infrared rays is coated on at least one surface thereof. A simple house characterized by being. The simple house according to claim 1, wherein a layer containing a substance that blocks ultraviolet rays is further laminated on at least one surface of the main body layer. The simple house according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the substance that shields infrared rays is aluminum or an alloy thereof. The simple house according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the sheet-like material is a material containing a polymer material and a non-woven fabric.

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