JP2021038961A - Charged particle beam nuclear fusion - Google Patents

Abstract

To solve the problem of a charged particle beam collision type nuclear fusion reactor that charged particle beam of a high density needed therefor is not realized, while a plasma type nuclear fusion reactor is not yet in a practical use stage.SOLUTION: A "non-neutron type charged beam particle nuclear fusion reactor" having a nuclear fusion reaction region having substantially infinite length can be realized, by revolving fuel charged particle beam and revolving electron beam in the reverse direction to thereby effectively neutralize space charge, and suppressing a divergence power (FE) due to residual space charge, and by obtaining a strong convergent power (FB) by a circular magnetic field (Bφ) occurring around the beam. By a p-6 Li reaction using resources abundantly present on the earth, helium 3 is formed, causing a D-3He reaction, to thereby directly convert kinetic energy (K) of the nuclear fusion generation charged particles by an annular regenerative decelerator, to electric power. A neutron energy converter is provided, to thereby treat every nuclear reaction having neutrons.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

In the present invention, a charged particle beam using a fusion fuel available on the ground is self-converged and collided to cause a non-neutron reaction D- ³ He, p- ⁶ Li reaction, DD reaction accompanied by neutrons, D. It relates to a fusion reactor that generates a -T reaction or the like.

The main types and reaction formulas of non-neutron fusion are as follows.
<Helium>
D + ³ He → ⁴ He (3.7 MeV) + p (14.8 MeV)
³ He + ³ He → ⁴ He + p + p + (13.8 MeV)
<Lithium>
p + ⁶ Li → ³ He (2.3 MeV) + ⁴ He (1.7 MeV)
p + ⁷ Li → ⁴ He (8.67 MeV) x 2
<Boron>
p + ¹¹ B → ⁴ He x 3 + (8.68 MeV)
<Nitrogen>
p + ¹⁵ N → ¹² C (1.24 MeV) + ⁴ He (3.72 MeV)

The types and reaction formulas of fusion with major neutrons are as follows.
D + T → ⁴ He (3.5 MeV) + n (14.0 MeV)
D + D → T (1.0 MeV) + p (3.0 MeV)
→ ³ He (0.8 MeV) + n (2.45 MeV)
In the DD reaction, two types of reactions occur to about the same extent.

The main fusion reactor systems being studied around the world are shown below.
<Those that use plasma>
The main fusion methods that use plasma include magnetic confinement type, inertial confinement type, electrostatic confinement type, etc., which use a particle accelerator to drive charged particles into the plasma to heat the plasma, and Includes those that attempt to ignite fusion.

<Magnetic confinement fusion reactor>
Magnetic confinement fusion reactors (tokamak type, helical type, magnetic mirror type, etc.) confine the plasma with strong magnetic field lines, and inject microwaves and neutral particle beams until the temperature at which fusion occurs is reached, and the plasma is emitted. It is intended to be heated.
It is said that the plasma temperature has reached 120 million degrees Celsius, but the fusion reaction has not been maintained without external heating, and JT60SA of the National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, International Fusion Experimental Reactor (ITER) However, there is no plan to implement a blanket that propagates tritium.

<Inertial confinement fusion reactor>
In an inertial confinement fusion reactor (laser type, heavy ion inertial fusion, etc.), a fusion fuel pellet with a diameter of several millimeters is placed in the center of the reactor and compressed by irradiating a powerful laser or charged particle beam from all directions. The idea is to generate fusion by turning the fusion fuel into a high-density plasma.
Since nuclear fusion does not occur just by compressing, some are trying to drive the ignition beam using a particle accelerator.
It cannot be expected that fusion will occur in a chain within a small plasma mass below the mean free path.

<Electrostatic Confinement Fusion Reactor>
The electrostatic confinement type fusion reactor (fuser type, Farnsworth type, etc.) is a method in which a voltage is applied to the grid-shaped electrodes provided inside to form a strong electrostatic field, and a fusion reaction has been confirmed. ..
Although it has been put to practical use as a neutron source by nuclear fusion, it is said that it cannot be expected as an energy device due to its low nuclear fusion reaction rate.

<Z-pinch fusion>
Z-pinch fusion is a method in which a current is passed through the plasma to form a converging magnetic field around it, and the plasma itself is self-contracted by Lorentz force to create a high-temperature, high-density state. However, it has not yet caused nuclear fusion.
<Charged particle beam collision type fusion>
In the charged particle beam collision type fusion, it is difficult to satisfy the density required for fusion because a strong space charge effect is generated in the bunch of the charged particle beam used. (Patent Document 3)

Japanese Patent Application 2015-00000 Charged Particle Beam Collision Fusion Reactor Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-179051 Charged particle beam asymmetric collision type fusion Japanese Patent Application No. 2018-532341 Charged particle beam collision type fusion reactor

"Numerical calculation of fusion plasma" Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute Direct energy conversion jspf1995_06-516 Japan Society of Plasma Science and Technology Outline of Distributed Charged Particle Accelerator http: // www. emcube. co. jp / acceleratororsumary. html JENDL-4.0 General-purpose standard nuclear data library Japan Atomic Energy Agency Recommendation 1973 ICRP Publication 21 P94 Figure 19 International Commission on Radiological Protection Aiming for a solid blanket at the cutting edge of research and development of solid tritium breeding materials Quantum Science and Technology Research and Development Organization Examination of D-3He fusion in LHD Ministry of Education National Institute for Fusion Science Generation and transmission of large-current electron beam by inductive accelerator Quark Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Yamagata Graduate School Transmutation application of proton beam Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute

Compressing fusion fuel particles, the achievable particle density (ρ) results in a mean free path (λ) of more than a few kilometers. Therefore, a high fusion reaction rate cannot be obtained in a magnetic mirror type furnace having a fusion reaction region having a finite length.
A magnetic confinement type furnace having a ring-shaped fusion reaction region can secure a length exceeding the mean free path (λ) by orbiting the particles. However, since the movement of the plasma particles is not limited to the circumferential direction, the fusion reaction is stopped instantly after the external heating is stopped, and the fusion reaction cannot be maintained without the external heating.
In inertial fusion, we are trying to compress to one point, but implosion is not uniform.
Aiming to generate fusion by implosion of small fuel pellets to achieve high density, but because the diameter of the compressed fusion fuel is much smaller than the mean free path (λ), the fusion reaction is Stay on part of the fuel.
There is no way to reach a chain fusion reaction, which does not change with the addition of an ignition beam.

Z-pinch fusion is said to have created a linear high-temperature, high-density state by forming a clockwise circular magnetic field around the plasma by passing an electric current through the plasma and self-contracting the plasma itself by Lorentz force. Has not yet been generated.
The plasma is only compressed almost linearly, and its shape cannot be effectively utilized.
Moreover, even if a fusion reactor using these plasmas succeeds in fusion that can withstand practical use, it is pointed out that there is a danger because the plasma containing a large amount of tritium (T) is used in the reactor. ..
Must be removed such as helium 4 (4 ^He) is a fusion product from the plasma, there is a fear of leakage of tritium (T).

<Shape of fusion reaction region>
One conclusion in charged particle beam collision type fusion is that the ideal shape of the fusion reaction region is a thin and long shape. (Patent Documents 1 to 3)
However, due to the strong space charge effect, it was not possible to generate a fuel-charged particle beam with the required density (ρ).
In all of the fusion methods currently under development, thermal plasma in which charged particles (z) and electrons (e), which are fusion fuel particles, are mixed is used in order to avoid the space charge effect.
In the method using thermal plasma, it is not possible to form a thin and long fusion reaction region because the particles collide with each other due to thermal motion.

<Recovery of neutron / fusion fuel>
In the DT reaction and the DD reaction, neutrons (n) are generated, and water is used as a moderator to shield and cool the neutrons (n), but they react with hydrogen in the water and deuterium (D). ) And tritium (T), which can also be recovered and reused as fusion fuel.
In addition, tritium (T) can be produced using a blanket containing lithium (Li), but none of the plasma-type fusion reactors currently under study are out of the range of experimental reactors and have sufficient nuclei. The blanket implementation plan itself does not exist because the fusion has not been able to occur. (Non-Patent Document 6)

<Direct electrical energy conversion>
Since the movement of the fusion-generated particles (48c) is the current (I) itself, it should be easy to take out directly as electrical energy (E).
Research is also being conducted to extract electrical energy (E) directly from a plasma fusion reactor, but it is necessary to separate the plasma extracted from the reactor into electrons (e) and charged particles (z) in advance.
In this power conversion method, the kinetic energy (K) of the fusion-generated particles (48c) is once converted into the thermal energy (Q) of the plasma, the electrons (e) are separated, the speed is modulated, and the like. Since it is converted to electrical energy (E), it is hard to say that _{high power conversion efficiency (η E) can be obtained.} (Non-Patent Document 2)

In order to obtain a high fusion reaction rate (η _f ), a particle accelerator (42a) is used to direct the movement of the fuel-charged particle beam (40), and a sufficiently thin and long fusion reaction region (52 f) is formed. It has been concluded that it is essential to form. (Patent Documents 1 to 3)
<Transport of charged particles>
In the transport technology of charged particles, a convergent magnetic field (B ₀ , Bt) around 1 [T] is used to emit an electron beam (40e) of about 1 [kA] up to several tens of millimeters while receiving the space charge effect. It has converged and can transport more than tens of meters. (Non-Patent Document 8)
It is conceivable to replace the electron beam (40e) with the fuel charged particle beam (40) and use the transport path of the charged particles as the fusion reaction region (52f).
However, the density (ρ) of the fuel charged particle beam (40) is insufficient, which is not sufficient.

In order to obtain a high density of fuel particles (ρ), it is effective to use an electronic lens (42L) to converge, but it is necessary to maintain a high density (ρ) over a long distance, regardless of the short distance. Is difficult.
To maintain a high density (ρ) over a long distance, a method of neutralizing the space charge of the fuel charged particle beam (40) and utilizing the self-contraction effect of the beam due to the Lorentz force of the _{circular magnetic field (Bφ).} Is desirable.
<Neutralization of space charge effect>
By mixing the electron beam (40e) with the fuel charged particle beam (40), the space charge can be effectively neutralized.
As shown in FIG. 1, it is considered to shoot an electron beam (40e) having a number of particles that neutralizes the space charge in the direction opposite to the traveling direction of the fuel charged particles (z).
The electric field (Er) that diverges the fuel-charged particle beam (40) is neutralized, and the currents (i _L , i _H , ie) generated by the fuel-charged particle beam (40) including the electron beam (40e) flow in the same direction. Therefore, a strong magnetic pinch effect can be obtained by doubling _{the circular magnetic field (B φ} ) generated clockwise with respect to the direction of the current (I _Σ).

F _E- F _B = q (Er-VB _φ ) [N]: Negative: Convergent force predominant Er = (N _L + N _H- Ne) × q / (2πε ₀ r): Electric charge strength B _φ = I _Σ μ ₀ / (2πr) [T]: Circular magnetic field strength I _Σ = i _L + i _H + ie [A]: Total beam current i = N × V × q [A]: Low-speed particle, high-speed particle, and electron current V = √ (2qK / m) [m / s]: Low-speed particle, high-speed particle, electron velocity K [eV]: Particle kinetic energy N _L [N / m]: Low-speed charged particle beam density _NH [N / m] : High-speed charged particle beam density Ne [N / m]: Electron beam density (almost equal to the total charge ray density of charged particles)
m [kg]: masses of low-speed particles, high-speed particles, and electrons q = 1.602 × ^10-19 [C] _{Elementary charge ε 0} = 8.854 × ^10-12 [F / m] Vacuum dielectric constant μ ₀ = 4π × ^10-7 [H / m] Vacuum permeability

<Contraction of charged particle beam>
If neutralizing space charge up to about one in 10,000, the convergence force by circular magnetic field (B _phi) generated clockwise with respect to the current flow (F _B), the residual space charge field (Er ) Is expected to exceed the divergent force ( _FE).
Using convergence and divergence ratio _{(Fr = (F E -F B} ) / F B) as an index.
Without emissions (k) such as spiral motion of particles in the fuel charged particle beam (40), the radius ( _rφ ) of the beam contracts infinitely.
Compared to the Z-pinch method in which the current (I) is passed through the plasma to cause it to contract, the high straightness of the fuel-charged particle beam (40) emitted from the particle accelerator (42a) is utilized to create a dense, thin and long nucleus. It is possible to form a fusion reaction region (52f).

<Length of fusion reaction region>
In the charged particle transport path using the convergent magnetic field (B ₀ , Bt), the density (ρ) of the fuel charged particle beam (40) can be increased to each stage by driving the electron beam (40e) in the opposite direction. However, it is still estimated that the mean free path (λ) is several kilometers to a thousand and several hundred kilometers long.
It is clear that a finite length fusion reaction region (52f) _{does not reach a practical fusion reaction rate (η f).}
Therefore, it can be concluded that it is effective to give the fuel charged particle beam (40) an orbit and make the fusion reaction region (52f) infinite length.

<Circular orbit>
Different nuclides and velocities of the fuel charged particle beam (40) have different swirling radii (r _ψ ) in _{the swirling magnetic field (B ψ).}
In the case of a circular orbit as shown in FIG. 2A, the fuel charged particle beam (40) is made to collide on the circular orbit only when the swirling radii (r _ψ ) are equal.
As shown in Table 1, in order to collide, the mass (m), charge (q · z), and velocity difference ( _VH − _VL ) of the particles of the fuel charged particle beam (40) are given and the particles are swiveled in the same direction. is allowed, the turning magnetic field (B _[psi) in the turning radius (r _[psi) is the case where the same.

Table 1 Swirl radius of charged particle beam

As shown in the upper two stages of Table 1, in order to cause a DT reaction by colliding the relative collision energy (Kc) at a speed of 60 [keV], deuterium (D) is 900 [keV]. ], When the tritium (T) is 600 [keV] and the magnetic _{flux density of the swirling magnetic field (B ψ} ) is 0.02 [T], the swirling radius (r _ψ ) should be around 9.69 [m]. Can be done.
As shown in the lower row of Table 1, the turning radius (r _ψ ) of the electron beam (40e) is as small as around 1.7 [mm], but a path is formed by the strong electric field of the fuel charged particle beam (40). Therefore, the route can be followed in the opposite direction.

In the case of the D- ³ He reaction, a large kinetic energy (K) of 3.75 to 10.0 [MeV] is applied by the particle accelerator (42a) in order to obtain a relative collision energy of 250 [keV] that causes a fusion reaction. It must be given, but the energy (E) required for acceleration of the particle accelerator (42a) is too large.
As shown in two stages in the table 1, deuterium (D) to 1,100 [keV], the helium ³ (3 the He) and 3,000 [keV], the relative collision energy (Kc) is 80 It becomes [keV], and the fusion reaction cross section (σ) at this time is 0.05 [burns].
The relative collision velocity (Vc), reduced mass (m), and relative collision energy (Kc) are calculated by the following equations.
Vc = V _H - _VL [m / s]: Relative collision velocity m = m _H × m _L / (m _H + _mL ) [kg]: Reduced mass Kc = (1/2) mV ² / q [eV] : Relative collision energy If it is a perfect circle, it is difficult to find the position where the fuel charged particle beam (40) and the electron beam (40e) are driven.
As shown in FIG. 2B, a partially deformed annular shape can be provided, and a deflection region (54d) can be provided to serve as a driving port for the fuel charged particle beam (40) and the electron beam (40e).

<Orbit with a straight part>
As shown in FIG. 3A, by making a part of the orbit linear, it leads to the same linear orbit regardless of the type and velocity (V) of the fuel charged particle beam (40). It is possible to make the fusion reaction region (52f) substantially infinite in length by orbiting it.
The rectangular portion in the figure indicates that it is a fusion reaction region (52f) provided with a _{convergent magnetic field (B 0} ) by a solenoid coil (51s).
The fan-shaped portion indicates that there is a convergent magnetic field (Bt) due to the toroidal coil (51t) and a swirling magnetic field (B _ψ ) due to the poroidal coil (51p).

As shown in FIG. 3 (a), two fusion reaction regions (52f) are provided (a configuration of one is also possible), as shown in (b), straight portions are crossed, or as shown in (c). , It is also possible to provide three fusion reaction regions (52f) in a triangular shape, or to make a polygonal orbital (not shown in the figure), and it can be understood that these have the same configuration.
Further, as shown in FIG. 3D, by using two orbital transportation routes, a low-speed beam (40L) is circulated in the upper orbital transportation route and a high-speed beam (40H) is circulated in the lower orbital transportation route. The central straight portion where the two orbital transport paths overlap is used as the fusion reaction region (52f), and the fusion can be caused by facing collision.
The "counter collision trajectory" is the energy required for the acceleration of the fuel charged particle beam (40) is small, weaken the circular magnetic field (B _phi), one of the high-speed beam (40H) or slow beam (40L), the convergence a force (F _B) does not work, there is scattered easily drawbacks, not suitable for impinging a large amount of particles.
As shown in FIG. 3 (e), the beam is shot from the same direction in the fusion reaction region (52f) and collides from behind to prevent the high-speed beam (40H) from being scattered and the low-speed beam (40L). And the high-speed beam (40H) can be appropriately swirled and transported.
_{In addition, a low-speed beam (40L 2} ) orbital transport path is added to the oval portion shown by the chain line in the figure, and a fusion reaction region (the fusion reaction region (40H)) overlaps the upper high-speed beam (40H) orbital transport path. 52f) may be provided to share a high-speed beam (40H) to form a multiple elliptical orbit having two or more fusion reaction regions (52f).

<Nuclear fusion reaction area>
Table 2 examines the convergence states of the fuel charged particle beam (40) and the electron beam (40e) constituting the fusion reaction region (52f).
Although not shown in the figure, the swirling transport path (53) of the fuel-charged particle beam (40) having a circumference of 100 [m] and a straight portion length of 25 [m] is charged with fuel of 100 [keV]. The case where the particle beam (40) and the electron beam (40e) are swirled in opposite directions was examined.
_{A circular magnetic field (B φ} ) of approximately 25 [T] is created at a position where the beam radius (r) = 2.5 [mm].
Since the fusion reaction occurs and the fuel charged particle beam (40) annihilates and decreases, at the position of the beam radius (r) at the other end of the fusion reaction region (52f), about 3.3 [MV / m] electric field (Er) is generated.
As shown in Table 2, convergence and divergence ratio (Fr) is -0.96 is around, converging force by circular field _[B φ] _(F B) is superior to diverging force _{(F E).}

Table 2 Convergent divergence ratio of charged particle beam

Since the fuel charged particle beam (40) and the electron beam (40e) travel in opposite directions to each other, the convergence state of the fuel charged particle beam (40) should be kept better by making the electron beam (40e) excessive. Can be done.
Regardless radius (r) of the fuel charged particle beam (40), convergence and divergence ratio (Fr) is a negative, but the convergence force (F _B) is winning, with the contraction of the beam radius (r), As the fusion reaction itself increases, the collision between the electron beam (40e) and the fuel-charged particle beam (40) increases, and the emission (k) of the beam itself such as spiral motion increases, so it is infinite. It does not shrink.
Fuel charged particle beam (40), than the low-speed beam (40L), high-speed beam (40H) by the accumulated beam, it is possible to obtain a stronger circular magnetic field (B _phi).

As shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, a solenoid coil (51s) is arranged _{to form a convergent magnetic field (B 0} ) from the right to the left in FIG. 4A, and a fuel charged particle beam (B 0) from the right side. 40) constantly shoots an electron beam (40e) from the left side to form a fuel-charged particle beam (40) parallel to the magnetic _{field line of the converging magnetic field (B 0) in the straight line portion.}
FIG. 4C depicts only _{the convergent magnetic field (B 0} ) generated by the solenoid coil (51s).
<Annihilation / fusion particles>
Fusion occurs in the fusion reaction region (52f), the particles of the high-speed beam (40H) and the low-speed beam (40L) are pair-produced, and new fusion generation with a large energy of 0.8 to 15 [MeV] is generated. Particles (48c, 48n) are pair-produced and fly in opposite directions as shown in FIG. 4 (b).
_{The convergent magnetic field (B 0} ) created by the solenoid coil (51s) requires a magnetic field strength that allows the fusion-generated charged particles (48c) to swirl before colliding with the inner wall surface of the vacuum vessel (55).

<Pitch angle>
_{From the convergent magnetic field (B 0} ) in the center and the confined magnetic fields (Bm) at both ends created by the solenoid coil (51s), the mirror ratio (Rm)
1 / Rm = B ₀ / Bm = sin ² (θm)
The fusion-generated charged particles (48c) make a spiral motion in the convergent magnetic field (B ₀ ) as shown in FIG. 4 (d), but the pitch angle (θ) of the spiral motion is the maximum pitch angle (θm). Fusion-generated charged particles (48c) with a smaller pitch angle (θ) pass through the reflection points (52r: magnetic fields Bm at both ends) shown in FIG. 4 (c).
Fusion-generated charged particles (48c) that exceed the maximum pitch angle (θm) are confined in the particle confinement region (52c), but are created by the fuel charged particle beam (40) and electron beam (40e) in a circular magnetic field (B _φ). ), The pitch angle (θ) of the spiral motion changes and passes through the reflection point (52r) in a short time.

The high-speed beam (40H), the low-speed beam (40L), and the fusion-generated charged particles (48c) having a pitch angle or less pass through the reflection point (52r # 1) in FIG. It comes out via the indicated separation region (52d, # 1).
These charged particles are separated by the difference in mass-to-charge ratio (m / z) in the separation region (52d, # 1).
Since the low-speed beam (40L) is strongly deflected, it is corrected in the deflection correction region (54dc) and sent to the swirl transport path (53) together with the high-speed beam (40H).
The fusion-generated charged particles (48c) are sent to the annular regenerative reducer (70).

When the charged particles are deflected in the direction crossing the converging magnetic field (B ₀ , Bm), the charged particles generate a spiral motion, so the correction is made in the deflection correction region (54 dc) in consideration of the spiral motion.
As shown in FIG. 5 (c), the high-speed beam (40H) and the low-speed beam (40L) are sent to the same swivel transport path (53).
The fusion-generated charged particles (48c) are sent to the annular regenerative reducer (70) as shown in FIG. 5 (c).

The fusion-generated charged particles (48c) traveling in the opposite direction pass through the reflection point (52r # 2) on the opposite side of the solenoid coil (51s) of FIG. 4 (a) and are deflected as shown in FIG. 5 (b). It comes out via the region (52d, # 2).
The fuel-charged particle beam (40) and the fusion-generated charged particle (48c) are in the direction opposite to the traveling direction of the fuel-charged particle beam (40), and are deflected in the lower right direction in the figure by the deflection region (52d # 2). To.
Although not shown in the figure, the spread is corrected and sent to the annular regenerative reducer (70) as shown in FIG. 5 (c).

<Turning transport route>
As shown in FIG. 6A, the swirl transport path (53) includes a toroidal coil (51t) required to generate a convergent magnetic field (Bt) that converges and transports the fuel charged particle beam (40). It is provided with a poroidal coil (51p) that generates _{a swirling magnetic field (B ψ} ) required to swirl the fuel charged particle beam (40).
In order to prevent nuclear fusion during rotation, a toroidal coil (51t) for convergence is placed inside the vacuum vessel (55) made of a tough material such as engineering ceramics, which is a non-magnetic insulating material. A swirling poroidal coil (51p) is arranged, and the poroidal coil (51p) is cosine-wound so that _{the swirling magnetic field (B ψ) on the outer peripheral side becomes stronger.}

_{By forming a strong swirling magnetic field (B ψ} ) outside the swirling fuel-charged particle beam (40), a low-speed beam (40L) and a high-speed beam (40H) having different swirling radii (r _{ψ) can be combined into one swirling transport path.} Transport at (53).
Since the beams are separated for each nuclide due to the difference in turning radius (r _ψ ), the collision between the high-speed beam (40H) and the low-speed beam (40L) is reduced, and the fusion reaction can be suppressed.

<Separation / mixing area>
FIG. 7 (a) corresponds to the fusion-generated charged particle (48c) and the orbiting beam separation region (52d # 1) of FIG. 5 (a).
FIG. 7 (b) corresponds to the separation of the fusion-generated charged particles (48c) of FIG. 5 (b) and the mixed region (52d # 2) such as the orbiting beam.
The connection state of the magnetic field lines of _{a plurality of convergent magnetic fields (B 0} , Bt) such as a solenoid coil (51s) and a toroidal coil (51t) is shown.
The magnetic field lines (A, B) of the two convergent magnetic fields on the right side are connected to the magnetic field lines (C) of the convergent magnetic field on the left side.
Although the two lines of magnetic force approach each other, the lines of magnetic force (A) and the lines of magnetic force (B) are parallel magnetic fields even in the vicinity of the position indicating the lines of magnetic force (C).

FIG. 7 (c) corresponds to the transfer of magnetic field lines in the mixed region (52d # 2) of the fuel charged particle beam (40) and the charged particle introduction beam (40i) of FIG. 5 (b).
A charged particle travels in a straight line or a spiral along a straight line of magnetic force, but if the line of magnetic force is not straight, it draws a complicated orbit.
The magnetic field lines with different roles are superposed synthetic magnetic field lines, but it is difficult to express them on paper.

FIG. 7C shows a deflection magnetic field (Bdc) in a deflection correction region (52dc) for a fuel charged particle beam (40) and a charged particle introduction beam (40i) traveling along different linear magnetic field lines (B1 and B2). Is given, the particles are deflected in opposite directions, and a spiral motion is applied to bring them closer.
Two of the charged particle beam (40,40i) approaches, inquiries, a new spiral motion applied to each other by a strong circular magnetic field (B _phi).
The momentum (k) of the spiral motion remaining in the fuel charged particle beam (40) can be adjusted by varying the deflection amount and the deflection position in the deflection and deflection correction regions (54d, 54dc).

<Deflection means>
The magnetic field intensities (Bd, Bdc) in the deflection region (54d) and the deflection correction region (54dc) are weak magnetic fields as compared with the magnetic field intensities _{of the convergent magnetic field (B 0) and the confined magnetic field (Bm).}
Although not shown in the figure, the charged particles can be deflected by the confinement coil (51 m) installed by shifting the axis or tilting the axis, and the fuel charged particle beam (40) can be changed to a high speed beam (40H) and a low speed. The beam (40L) can be given a momentum (k) to separate.

As shown in FIG. 7D, it is possible to draw a part of the magnetic field lines to the outside by using the beam introduction path (44i) with a converging coil.
Although not shown in the figure, since an external magnetic field (the above-mentioned parallel magnetic field) enters the inside of the converging coil, it is covered with a magnetic material or a hairpin-shaped coil generates a canceling magnetic field to protect it.
Although the method of applying the deflection magnetic field (Bd, Bdc) by the deflection region (54d) and the deflection correction region (54dc) has been described, there is also a method of applying an electric field.
Although not shown in the figure, a small electrostatic polarizing plate can be placed at a position not to be irradiated by the fusion-generated charged particles (48c), and only one beam (40i, 40e) can be deflected.

<Electronic orbit>
The electron beam (40e) is attracted to the strong positive charge of the fuel-charged particle beam (40) and flows in the opposite direction in the flow of the fuel-charged particle beam (40).
If the intensity of the swirling magnetic field (B _ψ ) is too high, the electron beam (40e) is biased toward the inner peripheral side of the fuel charged particle beam (40), causing loss.
The strength of the swirling magnetic field (B _ψ ) is set in two stages to create a swirling region (53P, 53p), _{particles with different swirling radii (r ψ} ) are transported, and the poroidal coil (51p) for generating the swirling magnetic field is cosine-wound. By doing so, the region where the magnetic field does not exist on the inner peripheral side of the swirl transport path (53p) or the magnetic field is made to be in the opposite direction to prevent the electron beam (40e) from flowing out.

<Electron scattering>
As shown in FIG. 6 (c), in order to maintain the neutralized state of the space charge of the fuel charged particle beam (40), the fuel charged particle beam is formed in the deflection region (52d # 1) of the fusion reaction region (52f). The electron beam (40e) is replenished by the electron beam generator (43) so that (40) can be sufficiently converged.
The only force acting between the atomic nucleus (p) and the electron (e) of hydrogen is the Coulomb force, and when a collision occurs at a speed of 13.6 [eV] or higher, which is the ionization energy of hydrogen, a complete elastic collision occurs.

When electron mass toward the stationary protons _{(p) (m e) (} e) goes straight at a speed _{(V 0),} proton (p) and electrons entering the Coulomb interaction of the electron (e) (e) is Receives scattering, and its scattering cross section (σe) is
Represented in. The electron scattering cross section (σe) at which 100 [eV] electrons collide with a stationary proton (p) and scatter at 90 [°] or more is 2.02 × 10 ⁻³⁸ [cm ² ].
The scattering cross section (σe) of the electron (e) is 2.02 × 10 ^-14 [barns], which is extremely small compared to the fusion reaction cross section (σ) between nuclei.
90 because [°] for scattering within should also be included in the integral range, 90 when the estimated 10,000 times the scattering cross section [°] (Sigma] e) also, 2.02 × 10- ¹⁰ [barns] And small.

Since the reduced mass (m) of the electron (e) and the charged particle (z) has a large mass difference, it can be regarded as the same as the case of the proton (p), and the direction opposite to that of the electron (e). Since there is a velocity (V), the electron scattering cross section (σe) becomes even smaller.
Since the charge of helium-3 ( ³ He) is doubled, the scattering cross section (σe) of electrons is eight times, but still small enough.
The fuel-charged particle beam (40) and the electron beam (40e) collide with each other, but only the lightweight electrons (e) are scattered, and the fuel-charged particle beam (40) is less scattered.
Electrons lost rate (e) is disengaged from the beam loses converging force by circular magnetic field (B _phi) and (F _B).
Although not shown in the figure, the scattered electrons (48e) that have lost their velocities are collected at the periphery of the orbital transport path of the fuel charged particle beam (40).

<Acceleration of orbiting particles>
The linear density of the orbiting fuel-charged particle beam (40) is uniform and not bunched.
Kinetic energy (K) is gradually lost due to the orbit, but it cannot be accelerated by using an accelerating electrode like the particle accelerator (42a).
By driving the charged particle introduction beam (40i) at a speed slightly faster than the speed of the orbiting fuel charged particle beam (40H, 40L), acceleration can be given to the orbiting particles at almost the same speed.

The charged particle introduction beam (40i) emitted by the charged particle beam generator (42) forms a pulsed charged particle bunch for acceleration, but it orbits because a speed difference is included depending on the part inside the bunch. After being put into the transport path, it disperses to form a uniform fuel-charged particle beam (40).
If the linear density of the fuel charged particle beam (40) becomes non-uniform, the electric field (Er) becomes non-uniform, which orbits at _{the velocity of the charged particles (V H} , _VL).
When the counter-rotating electron beam (40e) is exposed to the non-uniformity of this strong electric field, the scattered electrons (48e) increase and the orbiting fuel-charged particle beam (40) becomes more unstable.
Emissions (k) in the beam, such as the "spiral motion" of the fuel-charged particle beam (40), become non-uniform, causing partial nuclear fusion.
It is necessary to keep the distribution of the fuel charged particle beam (40) constant so as not to be uneven.

In thermal plasma fusion, charged particles (z) and electrons (e) are mixed and almost electrically neutralized thermal plasma is used.
In the charged particle beam fusion reactor (50), the charged particle beam (40) and the electron beam (40e), which have less emissions (k), travel in opposite directions.
The charged particle beam fusion reactor (50) is based on a completely different principle from the method using plasma for thermal motion.
Fusion product charged particles generated by the nuclear fusion reaction region (52f) (48c) is trapped in the magnetic field lines of the convergence magnetic field _{(B 0),} if the convergence magnetic field _{(B 0)} is 1 [T], generating fusion The charged particle (48c) makes a spiral motion with a radius of 0.25 to 0.5 [m].

<Separation of fusion-generated charged particles>
Since the fusion-generated charged particle (48c) has a larger kinetic energy (K) than the fuel-charged particle beam (40 _{), it penetrates the circular magnetic field (Bφ} ) generated by the fuel-charged particle beam (40) itself and converges on the magnetic field (Bφ). Make a spiral movement in B _0).
Further, since the fusion-generated charged particles (48c) are less susceptible to deflection in the separation region and the mixing region (52d, # 1, # 2), as shown in FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b), the fuel It is separated in a direction different from that of the charged particle beam (40).
A part of the fusion-generated charged particles (48c) having an extremely small pitch angle (θ) is taken into the fuel charged particle beam (40), but these are taken in the separation region and the mixing region (52d, # 1, # 2). To separate.
The fusion-generated charged particles (48c) are guided to the annular regenerative reducer (70), and its kinetic energy (K) is directly converted into electrical energy (E).

<Direct energy conversion>
As shown in FIG. 8A, the annular regenerative reducer (70) is a two-loop charged particle stream of a vacuum vessel (55) made of a tough material such as engineering ceramics, which is a non-magnetic insulating material. It has a shape in which roads (71M, 71S) are connected.
One main swirling flow path (71M) is closed by a magnetic material (75m), and a secondary winding (72) is wound around it.
An electromotive force is generated in the secondary winding (72) due to the electromagnetic induction action due to the passage of the fusion-generated charged particles (48c).
A nuclide separation deflector (74d) is placed in the introduction path (74i) of the fusion-generated charged particles (48c), and the nuclides are separated from the difference in the radius of gyration in the magnetic field.
The direction of separation is the direction perpendicular to the paper surface.
The nuclide separation deflection coil (74d) is arranged in consideration of the influence of the deflection region (52d).
As shown in FIG. 8 (b), the separated fusion-generated charged particles (48c) are separated upward or downward, and the charged particle flow path (71M,) is generated by the switching magnetic field (73x) of the switching coil (73X). It is sent to any of 71S).

Depending on the type of fusion reaction, the type of nuclide of the fusion-generated charged particle (48c) is 1, 2, or 3.
If there is no need for sorting, the nuclide separation deflector (74d) is not required, and the annular regenerative reducer (70) does not need to be configured in two upper and lower stages.
FIG. 8 shows a case where there are two types of nuclides, and when there are three types of nuclides to be separated, the configuration has three stages of upper, middle and lower.
It has the same configuration as a "transformer" in which the flow of fusion-generated charged particles (48c) is on the primary side and the winding (72) on the secondary side is closed with a magnetic material (75 m).
When fusion occurs continuously, the number of fusion-generated charged particles (48c) passing through the annular regenerative reducer (70) is also constant, and the change in the magnetic field disappears, so that it can be recovered as electrical energy (E). Can not.
Fusion-generated charged particles (48c) that alternately switch between the two main swirl channels (71M) and the sub-swivel flow path (71S) of the annular regenerative reducer (70) and pass through the opening of the magnetic material (75 m). ) Changes the flow.

The flow of the fusion-generated charged particles (48c) on the primary side is converted into the current (I).
Fusion-generated charged particles (48c) having a proton number (z) of 1 or 2 are generated with respect to the number of high-speed particles (Nh) that disappear every second, and the current (I) for each nuclide is as follows.
I = Nh × z × 1.602 × ^10-19 [A]
In the case of a furnace of about 100 [MW], the current (I) generated by the fusion-generated charged particles (48c) is about several tens [A], which is small.
Therefore, the fusion-generated charged particles (48c) are guided to the annular regenerative reducer (70) and swirled many times to perform direct power conversion to increase the regenerative current (72i).
This is equivalent to increasing the number of turns of the primary winding of the transformer.

After the secondary current (72i) is sufficiently increased, the current flowing through the central switching coil (73X) is reversed to reverse the switching magnetic field (73x), and the main swirling flow path (71M) to the sub swirling flow path (71S) are reversed. ), The fusion-generated charged particles (48c) are transferred.
When the fusion-generated charged particles (48c) flowing in the main swirling flow path (71S) start to decrease, the direction of the secondary current (72i) of the secondary winding (72) also reverses, so the commutator (75d ±) is used. It is rectified and sent to the power regeneration main circuit (77).
After the secondary current (72i) is sufficiently reduced, the switching magnetic field (73x) is returned, and the fusion-generated charged particles (48c) are returned from the sub-swirl flow path (71S) to the main rotation circuit (71M).
Switching between the main swirl flow path (71M) and the sub swirl flow path (71S) is repeated to convert the energy into electrical energy (E).
In the circuit diagram shown in FIG. 5 (c), the current converted into electric energy (E) is rectified by a rectifier (75d ±), converted into DC power of 50 [kV], and sent to the regenerative power line (77). ..
Although not shown in the figure, a method of directly converting to AC power that can be transmitted by a high-voltage AC power grid is also conceivable.

A swirling magnetic field (73P) is provided on the outer peripheral side of the swirling flow path (71) in order to swirl fusion-generated charged particles (48c) having different velocities (V _H , _{VL) and mass-to-charge ratio (m / z).} ing. A weak swirling magnetic field (73p) is provided at the central portion and the inner peripheral side of the flow path.
When a charged particle travels through a strong swirling magnetic field (73P), it receives a strong deflection toward the inner peripheral side, but when traveling along the inner peripheral side, the amount of deflection decreases, so the fusion-generated charged particle (48c) receives a strong swirling magnetic field. Turn around the inner boundary of (73P).
The fusion-generated charged particles (48c) that have lost kinetic energy (K) orbit the innermost part of the swirling transport path (73) due to a weak swirling magnetic field (73p).

After moving the fusion-generated charged particles (48c) from the main swirling flow path (71M) to the sub-swirl flow path (71S), the fusion-generated charged particles (48c) that have lost kinetic energy (K) are transferred to the sub-swirl flow path The particles are left in (71S), the switching coils (74X, # 1, # 2) are operated, and the particles are discharged to the ion neutralizer (80, # 1, # 2).
Individual identification numbers (# 1, # 2) of the main swirl flow path (71M, # 1, # 2), the sub swirl flow path (71S, # 1, # 2) and the ion neutralizer (80, # 1, # 2). 2) corresponds.
Although the number of nuclides in FIG. 8A is 2, the ion neutralizer (80) needs to be provided one more than the number of nuclides of the fusion-generated charged particles (48c) generated in the fusion reaction.
When shutting down the furnace, the charged particle introduction beam (40i) is stopped, and after the fusion reaction is completed, the remaining high-speed beam (40H) is sent to the annular regenerative reducer (70) to the ion neutralizer (80). ) Is required to gasify.
When the fusion-generated charged particles (48c) are secondarily used, the ion neutralizer (80) is abolished, replaced with an ion discharge path (74o), and transferred in the state of charged particles.

<Neutralization of charged particles>
The fusion-generated charged particles (48c) discharged to the ion neutralizer (80) in FIG. 8 (d) are discriminated by the deflection electrode (82d) and dampened by the electric field of the regenerative electrode (82R) to which a different voltage is applied. In response to this, electrons (e) are received from the regenerative electrode (82R), neutralized, returned to gas, and exhausted by a high vacuum pump (86h) such as a turbo molecular pump. Although not shown in the figure, a vacuum pump (86) is further used. ) And accumulates in the gas cylinder (64).
<Transfer of charged particles>
Fusion-generated charged particles (48c) are separated for each nuclei and then gasified. For tritium (T) generated by the DD reaction, a neutralizer (80) is used as an ion outlet (74o). Instead of gasification, it is desirable to transfer the charged particles directly to the particle accelerator (42a) of the charged particle beam generator (42) for tritium (T) and immediately extinguish them.
Although not shown in the figure, the ion transfer path (91) has a structure in which a converging coil (91s, 91t) is provided in a vacuum vessel (55) made of a tough material such as engineering ceramics, which is a non-magnetic insulating material. The deflection coil (91p) is arranged on the curved portion (93), and the charged particles are transported without coming into contact with the wall surface of the vacuum vessel (55).

<Neutron thermal conversion>
When using a nuclear reaction involving neutrons (n), it is necessary to regenerate and shield the kinetic energy (K) of the fusion-generated neutrons (48n).
As shown in FIG. 4B, a neutron energy converter (60) including a neutron thermal conversion chamber (60Q) and a neutron shielding chamber (60S) is arranged inside the solenoid coil (51s).
For the regeneration and shielding of the kinetic energy (K) of the fusion-generated neutron (48n), the moderator (10) with a large neutron reaction cross section (σn) covers the fusion reaction region (52f) and the moderator (10). ) Is circulated and taken out as thermal energy (Q).
As cyclable moderator (10), the like containing a large amount of hydrogen nuclei (p) water _(H 2 O).

<Tritium proliferation>
In order to generate tritium (T) by irradiating with fusion-generated neutrons (48n), a tritium breeding material (Li, Be) containing lithium or the like is built in the outside of the vacuum vessel (55), generally with a blanket. A so-called tritium breeder (60B) is placed, and helium-4 gas (24) is circulated to take out heat (Q) and tritium (T) to the outside.
A neutron shield (60S) is required to protect the solenoid coil (51s) for generating the convergent magnetic field from irradiation with fusion-generated neutrons (48n).

<Nuclear fusion reactor>
The size of the solenoid coil (51s) for generating the convergent magnetic field _{is determined by the strength of the convergent magnetic field (B 0} ) and the size of the neutron energy converter (60).
As shown in Table 3, the fusion-generated charged particles (48c) are swirled by _{the convergent magnetic field (B 0).} It is necessary to use a vacuum vessel (55) having a diameter at which the fusion-generated charged particles (48c) do not collide.
The vacuum vessel (55) is made of a tough material such as engineering ceramics, which is a non-magnetic insulating material.
The reactor (58) is composed of a vacuum vessel (55), a neutron energy converter (60), and a convergent magnetic field generating solenoid coil (51s).
In the case of a non-neutron fusion reactor (50F), the neutron energy converter (60) is not required, so the reactor (58) is only a vacuum vessel (55) and a solenoid coil (51s) for generating a convergent magnetic field. The inner diameter of the coil can be reduced to about 1.64 [m].

Table 3 Size of solenoid coil

<Neutron energy converter (60)>
In order to protect the solenoid coil (51s) for generating the convergent magnetic field from the irradiation of fusion-generated neutrons (48n), the outside of the tritium breeder (60B) or the neutron heat conversion chamber (60Q) is surrounded by a neutron shielding chamber (60S). The diameter of the neutron energy converter (60) needs to be about 6.1 to 6.7 [m] as shown in Table 3 when the _{convergent magnetic field (B 0) is 1 [T].}

When water is used as the neutron moderator (10), fusion generation of 14 [MeV] for every 1 [m] thickness of neutron (48n) is reduced to 1/500 and fusion generation of up to 4 [MeV]. Since neutrons (48n) are attenuated to 1 / 1,000,000, the shielding by the thickness of 2.5 [m] of water can be expected to be attenuated by water shown in Table 4.
Since the inflow heat of the fusion-generated neutrons (48n) reaching the solenoid coil (51s) for generating the convergent magnetic field ^{is as small as about 0.02 [W / m 2} ], there is no problem in cooling the superconducting coil.
Since the neutron energy converter (60) has a shape penetrating in the axial direction, radiation of fusion-generated neutrons (48n) is unavoidable.
A neutron shield (60s) using polyethylene or water, which is a substance containing a large amount of hydrogen, is placed on the axes at both ends of the neutron energy converter (60) to shield the fusion-generated neutrons (48n).

Table 4 Neutron irradiation amount to the solenoid coil

<Protection against the human body>
In order to protect the human body from 14 [MeV] fusion-generated neutrons (48n), it is necessary to shield the human body with a thickness of 5 [m] or more, which is equivalent to that of water-filled neutron shielding chamber (60S). The thickness is 2 [m] to 3 [m], which is insufficient.
Since there is also leakage of fusion-generated neutrons (48n) from the opening of the reactor (58), in order to meet the protection standards for the human body, a concrete wall or the like is further provided on the outside to scatter the neutrons (n). It is necessary to supplement the shielding including.

Charged particle beam fusion (50) can realize fusion power generation at once by giving up on plasma-type fusion that does not progress slowly.
The swirl transport path (53) can be used to achieve a virtually infinitely long fusion reaction region (52f), with a high fusion reaction rate (η _{f) even when the fusion cross-sectional area (σ) is small.} ) Can be obtained.
The "non-neutron-type nuclear fusion reactor (50F)" that can use the D- ³ He reaction, p- ⁶ Li reaction, p- ⁷ Li reaction, and p- ^{11 B reaction is the earth by the p-6} Li reaction. generates helium 3 (3 ^{the He)} only resources in the above, large D-3 ^{the He} reaction of output becomes available, but may be direct power conversion by an annular regenerative braking device (70), becomes a base load power As well as gaining, it also opens the way for the propulsion of moving objects.
By using the neutron energy converter (60), any nuclear reaction involving neutrons (n) can be handled.
A "tritium breeder reactor (50B)" that uses only the DT reaction, and a "tritium annihilation cooperation furnace (50C)" that performs the DD reaction and then the DT reaction to eliminate tritium (T). Can be configured.
In addition to power generation applications, it can also be expected to be used as a transmutation device.

Self-shrinking fuel charged particle beam Circular orbit (a) Ring type, (b) Deformed ring type Orbital configuration (a) Oval orbit, (b) Infinite orbit, (c) Polygonal orbit, (d) Opposed collision orbit, (e) Multiple oval orbit Fusion reaction region (a) longitudinal section, (b) cross section, (c) convergent magnetic field (B ₀ ), (d) pitch angle arranged in a straight line Deflection region (a) Separation region, (b) Mixed region, (c) Overall configuration Swirling transport path (a) Cross section, (b) Fuel charged particle beam cross section, (c) Swirling magnetic field (B _ψ ) Line of magnetic force (a) branch, (b) connection, (c) transfer, (d) extraction Circular regenerative reducer (70) (a) Horizontal cross section, (b) Cross section, (c) Power circuit, (d) Ion neutralizer (80) Non-neutron type charged particle beam fusion reactor (50F) (a) horizontal cross section, (b) reactor (58) cross section, (c) linked connection diagram Tritium Proliferation Charged Particle Beam Fusion Reactor (50B) (a) Horizontal Cross Section, (b) Reactor (58, 60B) Cross Section Tritium annihilation type charged particle beam fusion reactor (50C) (a) High-speed beam sharing type cooperative reactor horizontal cross section, (b) reactor (58, 60Q) cross section, (c) reactor (58, 60Q, 98) ) Cross section Annulus charged particle beam fusion reactor (non-neutron type, neutron type) Fusion reaction cross section (σ) for relative collision energy (Kc)

The form for carrying out the invention can be classified into two types, the non-neutron type of Example 1 and the neutron type of Example 2, according to the form of the nuclear fusion reaction. Various shapes can be considered as the shape of the circuit transportation route.
<Example 1: Non-neutron type charged particle beam fusion reactor (50F)>
FIG. 9 shows the configuration of a non-neutron type charged particle beam fusion reactor (50F).
9 (a) is a horizontal sectional view of a non-neutron type charged particle beam fusion reactor (50F), and FIG. 9 (b) is a horizontal sectional view of a reactor (58).
The figure is ^{an example of a D-3} He reactor, but by changing the nuclide of the low-speed and high-speed fuel-charged particle beam (40), it is possible to handle a fusion reaction that does not generate fusion-generated neutrons (48n). it can.
Table 5, on the other available ^D-3 the He reaction as a non-neutron type ^fusion, 3 ^He-3 the He reaction, the ^p-6 Li reaction and ^p-11 B reaction was evaluated the stability of the beam.
Since the fusion-generated charged particles (48c) are all charged particles, they can directly perform power conversion with higher efficiency than the annular regenerative reducer (70) and output electric energy (E).

The size of the furnace is mainly determined by the radius of gyration of the fusion-generated charged particles (48c) ejected from the fusion reaction region (52f), and is actually determined by the strength _{of the converging magnetic field (B 0) of the converging magnetic field generating coil (51s).} The size of the furnace will be determined.
Since the non-neutron type fusion reactor does not require a neutron energy converter (60), the calorific value is small, the solenoid coil (51s) can be made smaller, and the convergent magnetic field (B ₀ ) can be stronger than that of the neutron type. ..
In order to transport the fuel charged particle beam (40) in one swirl transport path (53) without causing a nuclear reaction, a low-speed beam (40L) and a high-speed beam (40H) are used so as not to cause a nuclear reaction. Need to be separated.
A swirling region of a strong magnetic field (53P) and a swirling region of a weak magnetic field (53p) are formed, but since there is a limit to the feasible difference in magnetic field strength, it is limited to 10 times or less.
The speed of the charged particles _(V H, _{V L)} to by raising, it is possible to reduce the difference in the rotation radius (r _[psi), the rotation radius (r _[psi slow beam (40L) and high-speed beam (40H) ) Is selected so that the particle velocity (V _H , _{VL) is within 10 times.}

The particle pair annihilation time constant (τ _d ) is the time required for 36.8% of the particles to annihilate after the fuel charged particle beam (40) is injected, and varies depending on the reaction type, and is 10 [ms] to 200. [Ms].
If the beam diameter can be reduced and the particle density can be increased, the fuel particle extinction time constant (τ _d ) can be shortened.
The number of accumulated particles (N · ζ a) of the basic high-speed beam (40H) is the ratio of the number of fuel particles (Nh, Nl) charged per second to the particle accumulation rate (ζa), and the convergence and divergence ratio of the beam (ζa). Fr) is determined to be negative.
As shown in Table 5, convergence and divergence ratio of the beam (Fr) are both takes the value of -0.98～-1.0, regardless of the diameter of the beam, greater than the divergence force _{(F E)} to obtain the convergence force _{(F B).}

The D- ³ He reaction has a large fusion reaction cross-sectional area (σ), and the power output obtained by the fusion reaction is as large as around 130 [MW], but helium 3 ( ³ He) is almost absent on the ground. , Difficult to use as an energy device.
^{3 He-3} the He reaction, despite the relative collision energy (Kc) is less than 250 [keV] the ideal acceleration power requirements as large as 24 [MW], fusion cross section (sigma) is 0. Since it is extremely small at 003 [barns], the mean free path (λ) is as high as 1,140 [km].
The diameter of the beam is narrowed down to 1 [mm], the particle density (ρh) is increased, and the particle pair annihilation time constant (τ _d ) is suppressed to 190 [ms].
_{The particle extinction time constant (τ d} ) can also be shortened by increasing the particle accumulation rate (ζ a).

The p- ⁶ Li reaction (proton-lithium 6 reaction) requires a large acceleration power of about 8.4 [MW], but uses lithium ( ⁶ Li) as a fusion fuel with a large amount of ground abundance, and is a fusion product. As a result, helium-3 ( ³ He) can be obtained.
This p- ⁶ Li reaction is used in combination with the high energy D- ^{3 He reaction obtained.}
Helium ^{3 (3} He) and protons to (p) can be used together, a high utility value combinations.
FIG. 9C shows a configuration method in which two furnaces are linked.
Each fusion-generated charged particle (48c) is decelerated by the annular regenerative reducer (70), and is directly transferred to the other fusion reactor in the state of the charged particle (z) by the ion transfer path (92) and driven.
D + ³ He → ⁴ He (3.7 MeV) + p (14.8 MeV)
p + ⁶ Li → ³ He (2.3 MeV) + ⁴ He (1.7 MeV)

Although not listed in Table 5, the p- ⁷ Li reaction is as follows.
p + ⁷ Li → ⁴ He (8.67 MeV) + ⁴ He (8.67 MeV)
Although a large fusion generation energy of 120 [MW] can be obtained in terms of electric power, the fusion reaction cross section (σ) is ^{smaller than the p + 6} Li reaction, and helium 3 ( ³ He) cannot be obtained.
7.5 [%] of natural lithium is lithium 6 ( ⁶ Li) and 92.5 [%] is lithium 7 ( ⁷ Li), which can be separated relatively easily by a column exchange separation method or the like. Purify.
It is considered possible to carry out the fusion reaction alone or without separating the p- ^{7 Li reaction.}
Although the internal configuration of the charged particle beam generator (42) is not shown in the figure, it has a built-in isotope removal deflector (42d) and isotopes due to the difference in mass-to-charge ratio (m / z). Foreign atoms can be separated and removed.
As a p- ⁷ Li side reaction, when 1.88 [MeV] or more, the following reaction having a large reaction cross section (σ) for generating neutrons (n) occurs.
p + ⁷ Li → ⁷ Be + n

Table 5 Non-neutron type charged particle beam fusion

The p- ¹¹ B reaction (proton-boron 11 reaction) uses a region where resonance absorption occurs near 150 [keV] and the fusion cross-sectional area (σ) increases. If resonance absorption is not used, relative collisions will occur at 270 [keV], so an acceleration required power of about 4 [MW] is required.
When deuterium (D) is mixed as a side reaction of the p- ¹¹ B reaction, the following reaction having a large reaction cross section (σ) for generating neutrons (n) occurs.
D + ¹¹ B → ¹² C + n + 13.7 [MeV]
It is required to remove unnecessary isotopes.
Further, since the next reaction is an endothermic reaction, the reaction does not occur and neutrons (n) are not generated unless the collision energy reaches 2.8 [MeV].
p + ¹¹ B → ¹¹ C + n − 2.8 [MeV]
Further, at a rate of about 1 / 10,000 of this reaction, the next reaction produces strong γ-rays of 16 [MeV].
p + ¹¹ B → ¹² C + γ + 16 [MeV]
Although not listed in Table 5, the presence of large p-15 ^N reaction - it can be used as a fusion fuel (hydrogen Nitrogen 15 reactions) substances non neutron nuclear fusion reactor, etc. (50F).
p + ¹⁵ N → ¹² C (1.24 MeV) + ⁴ He (3.72 MeV)
There is a possibility that it can be driven only by the elements contained in the atmosphere.
Nitrogen 15 ( ¹⁵ N) is contained in 0.365% of nitrogen in the atmosphere, and a separation technique by low temperature distillation has been established.

<Example 2: Neutron type charged particle beam fusion reactor (50B, 50C)>
As shown in FIG. 10 the configuration of the neutron type charged particle beam fusion reactor (50B), there are the following two types of neutron energy converters (60).
Example 2-1: The tritium breeding chamber (50B) uses only the DT reaction and irradiates lithium (Li) with fusion-generated neutrons (48n) to generate tritium (T). Those using (60B).
Example 2-2: The tritium annihilation type (50C) uses two fusion reactors, a DD reaction and a DT reaction, and absorbs fusion-generated neutrons (48n) into a neutron reducer (10). At the same time, a neutron energy conversion chamber (60Q) that converts heat energy (Q) is used, and the generated tritium (T) is transferred to a DT reactor and immediately extinguished.
Table 6 evaluated the stability of the beam.

<Example 2-1 Tritium proliferation type>
FIG. 10B shows a cross-sectional view of the tritium breeding chamber (60B).
The DT reaction is used for the reaction of the charged particle beam fusion reactor (50B), and the n-Li reaction and the neutron doubling reaction such as ^{beryllium (9 Be) are used for the production of tritium (T).}
<DT reaction>
D + T → ⁴ He (3.5 MeV) + n (14.0 MeV)
Of the fusion-generated particles (48), helium-4 ( ⁴ He) of the fusion-generated charged particles (48c) is included, but the ratio at which direct power conversion can be performed is as low as about 20 [%], and fusion is generated. The heat output by neutrons (48n) occupies about 80 [%].

In the tritium breeding chamber (60B) of the neutron energy converter (60), neutron doubling reaction (endothermic reaction) and lithium (Li) are irradiated with neutrons (n) to generate tritium (T) by nuclear fusion. Tritium (T), which is a fuel, is produced.
<Proliferation reaction>
^{6 Li + n → T (2.74MeV} ) + 4 He (2.06MeV)
⁶ Li + n → n + D + ⁴ He- (1.5 MeV)
⁷ Li + n → n + T + ⁴ He- (2.5 MeV)
⁹ Be + n → (n + ⁴ He) × 2- (2.5 MeV)
²⁰⁸ Pb + n → (n) × 2 + ²⁰⁷ Pb − (7.37 MeV)

<Amount of tritium produced>
The tritium breeding furnace (50B) using tritium (T) as a fusion fuel is provided with a tritium breeding chamber (60B) and is configured to generate the same amount of tritium (T) as the tritium (T) consumed.
A neutron shielding chamber (60S) is arranged outside the tritium breeding chamber (60B) to reduce the irradiation amount of fusion-generated neutrons (48n) to the solenoid coil (51s) for generating a convergent magnetic field, and totium (T). ) Is produced, a neutron adjusting chamber (60c) capable of increasing or decreasing the amount of the neutron moderator (10) is provided inside the tritium breeding chamber (60B).

<Neutron breeding material>
In addition to the tritium breeding material ( ⁶ Li, ⁷ Li), ^{the neutron breeding chamber (60B) containing the neutron doubling material (9} Be, ²⁰⁸ Pb, etc.) provides the same amount of tritium (T) as the tritium (T) consumed by the furnace. T) is generated.
As the tritium breeding material, solid lithium compounds (Li ₂ O, Li ₂ TiO ₃ , LiH) and the like, as well as liquid metallic lithium (Li, LiPb) and the like can be used, and liquid metallic lithium is used on the inner surface of the vacuum vessel (55). There is also a method of reducing the damage caused by the fusion-generated neutron (48n).
Beryllium (Be), beryllium compound (Be ₁₂ Ti), etc. can be used _{as the neutron doubling material, and the tritium production rate (η t} ) is set to 1 or more.
The neutron adjustment chamber (60c) adjusts the amount of transmission of fusion-generated neutrons (48n) to adjust the amount of tritium (T) produced.

Table 6 Neutron-type charged particle beam fusion

Convergence and divergence ratio of the beam of charged particle beam fusion reactor tritium proliferating the (F _R) was calculated in Table 6.
Convergence and divergence ratio _{(F R)} is taken a value of about -0.84, greater convergence force than diverging force _{(F E) (F B)} has been able to obtain, the length of the furnace 30 The main factor is that the particle density (ρ) in the fusion reaction region (52f) of the fuel charged particle beam (40) is as large as .5 [m].
Increasing the particle accumulation rate (ζa), it can improve convergence and divergence ratio (F _R).
The DT reaction can be constructed using a fusion fuel having a large abundance on the earth and a large fusion reaction cross section (σ).
The furnace can be shut down instantaneously, but it takes more than 2 hours to recover the tritium (T) grown in the tritium breeding chamber (60B). (Non-Patent Document 6)
In addition, since fusion-generated neutrons (48n) are used, activation of the furnace occurs.

<Example 2-2 Tritium extinction cooperation type>
Examples of fusion reactions are shown in the DD and DT reaction columns of Table 6.
The basic reaction formula of the DD reaction is as follows, and two reactions occur to the same extent.
D + D → T (1.0 MeV) + p (3.0 MeV)
D + D → ³ He (0.8 MeV) + n (2.45 MeV)
The two deuterium reactions are recorded separately in the two columns of Table 6.
To eliminate tritium (T), the following DT reaction is used.
D + T → ⁴ He (3.5 MeV) + n (14.0 MeV)
Of the fusion-generated particles (48), the ratio of direct power conversion is as low as about 32%, and the heat output (Q) due to the fusion-generated neutrons (48n) accounts for 68%.

FIG. 11A shows a cross-sectional view of a tritium annihilation cooperative charged particle beam fusion reactor (50C) sharing a high-speed beam (40H) and a neutron thermal converter (60Q) of FIG. 11B.
Generates a tritium (T) and helium ³ (3 the He) at D-D reactor, an ion discharge passage (74 o), via the ion transfer path (92), the charged particle beam generator (42 # 2) Tritium (T) is transferred to helium, and the radioactive isotope tritium (T) is extinguished within a few seconds in the DT reactor.
Both reactors are fusion reactors that use deuterium (D) as a high-speed beam (40H) and have a shared configuration, and generate fusion-generated neutrons (48n).
Since the particles are transferred in the state of charged particles, the charged particle beam generator (42 # 2) has a configuration excluding the charged particle generator (42i).
Helium ^{3 (3} He) is stored as a fuel in a non-neutron nuclear fusion reactor.

Since the fusion cross-sectional area of the DD reaction is small (σ), the power required for acceleration is as large as about 19 [MW].
As for the DT reaction, since the high-speed beam (40H) is shared, the acceleration required power of the low-speed beam (40L) is increased and reaches about 15 [MW].
Since all of them are reflected in the kinetic energy (K) of the fusion-generated particles (49n, 49c), it is considered that about half of the energy (E) required for acceleration is recovered. (The calculation of fusion energy K in Tables 5 and 6 does not reflect the kinetic energy (K) of the center of gravity system.)
The neutron thermal conversion chamber (60Q) used in the tritium annihilation linked charged particle beam fusion reactor (50C) uses water as the neutron moderator (10).
It reacts with hydrogen (H) in the neutron moderator (10) of 153 [t] and fusion-generated neutrons (48n) and changes to deuterium (D), etc., and about 670 kg of heavy water (DHO) is produced in one year. Will be generated. This is approximately 4,400 [PPM].

<Thermal energy conversion of neutrons>
The DT reaction produces 2.45 [MeV], and the DD reaction produces 14 [MeV] fusion neutrons (48n).
When using a reaction involving fusion-generated neutrons (48n), it is necessary to recover the kinetic energy (K) of the fusion-generated neutrons (48n) as thermal energy (Q) and shield it from leaking to the outside. There is.
When 50 [cm] thick water is used as the neutron moderator (10), the fusion-generated neutron (48n) of 1.4 [MeV] is attenuated to about 1/22 of 2.45 [MeV]. Fusion-generated neutrons (48n) decay to approximately 1/1000.
With a thickness of 50 [cm], about 95 [%] or more of the kinetic energy (K) of the fusion-generated neutron (48n) can be converted into thermal energy (Q).

As shown in FIG. 11B, the neutron thermal conversion chamber (60Q) has a structure that can withstand a high water pressure of 350 [° C.], and a neutron shielding chamber (60S) surrounds the outside.
The neutron moderator (10) in the neutron heat conversion chamber (60Q) is taken out, heat exchange is performed by the heat exchanger (61), and the turbine (65t) and the generator (65G) are used for electric energy (E). Convert.
A heat exchanger (61) is provided in a neutron shielding chamber (60S) to avoid dilution of heavy water (DHO) contained in water, which is a neutron moderator (10) irradiated with fusion-generated neutrons (48n). ..
There are two neutron thermal conversion chambers (60Q), and the volume of the neutron moderator (10) is about 77 [t], respectively.
Due to the heat output of 100 [MW] of the DT reactor, the neutron moderator (10) circulates within 1 hour.
Since the heat output of the DD reactor is as low as less than 20 [MW], the neutron moderator (10) circulates in about 3 hours.

_{The size of the reactor is determined mainly by the magnetic field strength (B 0} ) of the solenoid coil (51s) for generating the convergent magnetic field in the fusion reaction region (52f), and the radius of gyration of the fusion-generated charged particles (48c) is determined by the neutron energy. Since the converter (60) is required, the solenoid coil (51s) becomes large.
The DD reaction can be constructed using substances with a large abundance on the earth and can ^{produce helium-3 (3} He), but the fusion reaction cross section (σ) is small and at the same time tritium ( It has the drawback of producing T).
In combination with the DT reaction, the generated tritium (T) is transferred in the form of charged particles, put into a DT furnace, and disappears within a few seconds, which is a useful combination.
Since high-energy fusion-generated neutrons (48n) are generated, the equipment becomes large and activation of the reactor is inevitable.

<Fission fuel rods>
As shown in FIG. 11 (c), the fuel rod assembly (99) of the nuclear fission reactor is placed in the neutron heat conversion chamber (60Q) and irradiated with the fusion-generated neutrons (48n) of the DD reaction to undergo fission. The amount of heat generated (Q) can be increased by adding heat of reaction.
The circulatory system of the neutron moderator (10) in FIG. 11 (c) is not described.
The irradiation position is adjusted so that meltdown due to the decay heat of fission products is stopped within a range that does not occur, it can be stopped safely only by natural cooling, and excessive heat generation is not caused by irradiation with fusion-generated neutrons (48n). It is necessary to take measures such as thinning out the fuel rods of the fuel rod assembly (99) as necessary.

If the length of the fuel rod assembly (99) of the fission reactor is 4.5 [m] and 0.2 [m □], the rotatable nuclear material is housed inside the cylindrical neutron thermal conversion chamber (60Q). Using the container (98), it is possible to accommodate a total of about 64 bodies, 8 bodies in series and 8 bodies in the circumferential direction at intervals.
Assuming that each fuel rod is about 50 [kW], there are 25 8 × 8 fuel rod aggregates (99), and the calorific value is about 80 [MW]. The insufficient amount of heat in 60Q) can be supplemented.
It is required that the neutron thermal conversion chamber (60Q) has a horizontally long shape and that the fuel rod assembly (99) can be replaced while being kept in water.
After removing the confinement coil (51 m), it is necessary to prepare a nuclear material exchange device (97) that can be connected while maintaining watertightness.
With the shutdown of power reactors, the fuel rods of fission reactors that are no longer in use can be consumed in a safe manner.
In addition to fuel rods, any substance can be irradiated with fusion-generated neutrons (48n).

<Transmutation>
Although not shown in the figure, the protons (p) of the fusion-generated charged particles (48c) of the charged particle beam fusion reactor (50) are appropriately decelerated by the regenerative accelerator (70) or accelerated by the particle accelerator (42a). , An accelerator-driven transmutation system can be constructed by putting it into a transmutation reactor. (Non-Patent Document 9)
Further, the overall configuration of the furnace is shown in FIG. 10 (a), and the reactor (58) is a neutron energy converter (60) having the neutron heat exchanger (60B) shown in FIG. 11 (b). It can be used as a beam transmutation reactor (50X).
In advance, nuclides of long-lived nuclear fission substances (LLFP: ⁷⁹ Se, ⁹³ Zr, ⁹⁹ Tc, ¹⁰⁷ Pd, ¹²⁹ I, ¹³⁵ Cs, etc.) are separated, and a charged particle beam generator is used as a fuel charged particle beam (40 # 1). Launched from (42 # 1), using protons (p), deuterium (D) or helium-4 ( ⁴ He) as fuel charged particle beams (40 # 2) from charged particle beam generators (42 # 2), all A charged particle beam nuclear conversion reactor (50X) capable of a nuclear reaction can be constructed.
Even a nuclear reaction involving fusion-generated neutrons (41n) is absorbed by the neutron energy converter (60).
Regarding the separation of nuclides, isotope separation can be performed by using the difference in mass-to-charge ratio (m / z) after ionization with the charged particle generator (42i), so that reliable transmutation can be performed. ..

<Example 3 Ring type>
FIG. 12 shows the configuration of a non-neutron type annular charged particle beam fusion reactor.
The fusion reaction region (52f) is made into a swirl transport path (53).
Is slow beam (40L) and ^helium-3 fusion reactor configuration that same turning radius (r _[psi) for high-speed beam (40H) of (3 the He) of deuterium (D).
A fusion reaction region (52f) and a fusion-generated charged particle confinement region (52f) in a swirling transport path (53) surrounded by a toroidal coil (51t) for generating a convergent magnetic field (Bt) in the swirl transport path (53). 52c) exists.
Since it is necessary to swirl fusion-generated charged particles (48c) having different velocities, a swirling magnetic field (53P) is provided in the swirling region (53) to provide a swirling region (53P) for a strong magnetic field and a swirling region (53p) for a weak magnetic field. A particle coil (51p) for generating B _{ψ) is required.}
A high-speed beam (40H) and a low-speed beam (40L) are separated between the deflection region (52f) and the confinement coil (51m) to suppress the fusion reaction.

Table 7 Ring-shaped charged particle beam fusion

Although not shown in the figure, a deflection region (54d) and a deflection correction region (54dc) are arranged, a charged particle introduction beam (40i) or the like is driven, and fusion-generated load particles (70) into the annular regenerative reducer (70). 48c) Separation is performed.
Table 7 evaluated the beam stability of a charged particle beam fusion reactor (50) having a non-neutron type and a neutron type ring-shaped structure with a turning radius of 2.95 [m].
The ratio of the fusion generation region (52f) to the orbital transportation route is large.
Although the particle accumulation rate (ζa) is as small as 0.2 to 0.3, the convergence divergence ratio (Fr) is −0.999 or less, and the beam is stable.
In order to reduce the power required for acceleration, it must be used in a region where the fusion reaction cross section (σ) is small, but the power required for acceleration of the D ^-3 He reaction ( ^{3 He-D reaction in Table 7) is extremely 48 MW.} large.
A furnace with a long linear fusion generation region (52f) is more advantageous.
A part of the magnetic confinement fusion reactor (tokamak type, helical type) of the experimental reactor can be used to experimentally construct the charged particle beam fusion reactor (50).

<Fusion reaction cross section (σ)>
FIG. 13 shows the magnitude of the fusion reaction cross section (σ) with respect to the relative collision energy (Kc).
The triangular marks indicate the driving points used in the calculation of the nuclear reactions in Tables 5-7.

The non-neutron type charged particle beam fusion reactor (50F) uses only deuterium (D, deuterium) and lithium (Li), which are abundant on the earth, as the first fuel, and only the non-neutron fusion reaction without radioactivity. Can be used to produce helium-3 ( ^{3 He) and use the D-3} He reaction, which has a high electrical output, to obtain electrical energy (E).
It can also be expected to be the driving force of moving objects.
The neutron-type charged particle beam fusion reactors (50B, 50C) can handle nuclear reactions involving neutrons (n), can be configured as a fusion power reactor, and can be used as a fuel rod for a fission reactor. It can be consumed safely and can be expected for nuclear transmutation such as accelerator-driven subcritical reactors.

# Individual identification number for each drawing μ / μ ₀ Specific magnetic permeability ε / ε ₀ Vacuum dielectric constant η _E Direct power conversion efficiency η _f Nuclear fusion reaction rate η _Q Thermal efficiency ηt Tritium production rate ηa Acceleration efficiency ρ Density ρ _h High-speed particle density λ Average free stroke ζ a Particle accumulation rate σ Nuclear fusion reaction cross section σ n Neutron reaction cross section σe Electron scattering cross section B _ψ Swirling magnetic field r _ψ Swirling radius Bt Convergent magnetic field (swivel part)
B ₀ Convergent magnetic field Bm Confined magnetic field B _φ Circular magnetic field
Bd Deflection magnetic field Bdc Deflection correction magnetic field Rm Mirror ratio θ Spiral motion pitch angle θ m Maximum pitch angle e Electron n Neutron m Mass m / z Mass-to-charge ratio z Charged particle / number of protons p Proton (hydrogen nucleus)
D Deuterium (deuterium nucleus) T Tritium (tritium nucleus)
³ He helium 3 (helium-3 nuclei)
⁴ He helium 4 (helium-4 nuclei)
Li Lithium Be Beryllium Pb Lead
E Electric energy K Kinetic energy Q Thermal energy
U Internal energy k Emission in beam

00 Ultra high vacuum (< ^10-8 Pa) 10 Neutron moderator (water, etc.)
11 Hydrogen gas (H ₂ ) 12 Deuterium gas (D ₂ , HD)
13 Tritium gas (T ₂ , HT, DT)
23 helium 3 gas 24 helium 4 gas
40 Fuel charged particle beam, fuel particle, etc. 40i Charged particle introduction beam 40e Electron introduction beam 40L Low speed beam 40H High speed beam
42 Charged particle beam generator
42i Charged particle generator 42a Particle accelerator 42d Isotope removal deflector 42L Electronic lens (electrostatic electronic lens / magnetic field type electronic lens)
43 Electron beam generator 43e Electron generator 43a Electron accelerator 44i Beam introduction path with convergence coil
48 Fusion-generated particles, etc. 48c Fusion-generated charged particles 48n Fusion-generated neutrons 48s Scattered charged particles 48e Scattered electrons

50 Charged particle beam transport type fusion reactor
50B tritium breeder fusion reactor (breeder reactor, neutron type)
50C tritium annihilation cooperative fusion reactor (cooperative reactor, neutron type)
50F non-neutron fusion reactor (simple reactor, cooperative reactor)
50X charged particle beam transmutation reactor (neutron type)
51 Coil 51m Confinement coil (confinement magnetic field generation coil, Bm)
51p poroidal coil (swirl magnetic field generating coil, B _ψ )
51s Solenoid coil (straight line part convergent magnetic field generation coil, B ₀ )
51t toroidal coil (swivel transport path convergent magnetic field generation coil, Bt)
52 Region 52c Generated particle confinement region 52d Deflection region (separation / mixing) 52dc Deflection correction region 52f Fusion reaction region 52r Reflection point
53 Swivel transport path 53d Deflection magnetic field 53P Swivel region (strong magnetic field) 53p Swivel region (weak magnetic field)
54 Polarizer (polarizing coil, polarizing plate)
54d deflector (separator / mixer) 54dc deflection corrector
55 Vacuum vessel 55t Swivel 55d Connection 58 Reactor 59 Outer wall

60 Neutron energy converter 60B Tritium breeding room 60c Neutron regulation room
60Q neutron thermal conversion room
60S Neutron Shield Room 60s Neutron Shield 61 Heat Exchanger 62 Hydrogen Separator 64 Gas Cylinder
65t Turbine 65G Generator 66 Condenser 67p Pressurized Pump
70 Circular regenerative reducer
71 Ion flow path 71M Main swirl flow path 71S Sub swirl flow path 71s Solenoid coil (straight line transport path convergent magnetic field generation coil)
71t toroidal coil (swivel transport path convergent magnetic field generating coil)
71p poroidal coil (swirl magnetic field generating coil)
72 Secondary winding 72i Secondary current
73 Swivel transport path 73P Swivel region (strong magnetic field) 73p Swivel region (weak magnetic field)
73X Switching coil 73x Switching magnetic field 74i Ion introduction path 74o Ion discharge path 74d Nuclide separation deflection coil 74X Switching coil 74x Switching magnetic field 75+, 75- Rectifier 75m Magnetic material 77 Power regeneration main circuit

80 ion neutralizer
81s Convergent coil 82d Deflection electrode 82R Regeneration electrode 84i Ion introduction path 84o Outlet 86 Vacuum pump 86h High vacuum pump (turbo molecular pump)
90 Others 91 Ion Transfer Path 91s Convergence Coil 91t Convergence Coil 91p Swirling Coil 93 Transfer Path Curved Part 93p Weak Deflection Magnetic Field 93P Strong Deflection Magnetic Field
97 Nuclear material exchange device 98 Nuclear material storage container 99 Fuel rod assembly

Focusing force by the magnetic pinch effect for electrons _{(e) (F Be)} is different from the focusing force for charged particles (z) _{(F B),} also, since electrons are smaller overwhelmingly mass (m) is, the convergence effect Appears instantly.
Therefore, when the distribution of electrons (e) in the cross-sectional direction of the fuel charged particle beam (40) increases in the center, the divergent force ( _FEe ) for the electrons (e) increases due to the excess in the center. It becomes large and the distribution becomes balanced with _{the converging force (F Be} ) of the magnetic pinch effect due to the circular magnetic field (B _{φ) with respect to the electron (e).}
Electronic central excessive, since an electric field (Er) to attract the charged particles in the periphery (z), to reduce the divergence force on charged particles _(z) (F E).
Since the fuel charged particle beam (40) and the electron beam (40e) travel in opposite directions to each other, by making the electron beam (40e) excessive, the charged particles (z) are not reduced due to the fusion reaction. The converged state of the fuel charged particle beam (40) can be kept better.
Regardless radius (r) of the fuel charged particle beam (40), convergence and divergence ratio (Fr) is a negative, but the convergence force (F _B) is winning, with the contraction of the beam radius (r), As the fusion reaction itself increases, the collision between the electron beam (40e) and the fuel-charged particle beam (40) increases, and the emission (k) of the beam itself such as spiral motion increases, so it is infinite. It does not shrink.
Fuel charged particle beam (40), than the low-speed beam (40L), high-speed beam (40H) by the accumulated beam, it is possible to obtain a stronger circular magnetic field (B _phi).

Table 5 Non-neutron type charged particle beam fusion

Table 6 Neutron-type charged particle beam fusion

Table 7 Ring-shaped charged particle beam fusion

The particle pair annihilation time constant (τd) is the time required for 36.8% of the particles to annihilate after the fuel charged particle beam (40) is charged, and varies depending on the reaction type, and varies from 10 [ms] to 200 [. ms].
If the beam diameter can be reduced and the particle density can be increased, the fuel particle extinction time constant (τd) can be shortened.
The number of accumulated particles (N · ζ a) of the basic high-speed beam (40H) is the ratio of the number of fuel particles (Nh, Nl) charged per second to the particle accumulation rate (ζa), and the convergence and divergence ratio of the beam (ζa). Fr) is determined to be negative.
As shown in Table 5, convergence and divergence ratio of the beam (Fr) are both takes the value of -0.98～-1.0, regardless of the diameter of the beam, greater than the divergence force _{(F E)} Convergent force (F) is obtained.
Since it is not possible to form a high-speed beam (40H) that reaches the required number of accumulated particles (Nh) at once, a charged particle beam (40, z) that can be maintained by _{a convergent magnetic field (B 0, Bt) is formed.} Then, an electron introduction beam (40e) flying in the opposite direction is added to neutralize the beam, and the number of particles is increased while keeping the convergence and divergence ratio (Fr) of the beam negative to obtain the required number of accumulated particles (Nh). A high-speed beam (40H) is formed.
It is necessary to repeatedly adjust the deflection magnetic field (Bd) and the like as the number of particles (N) increases.
The diameters of the charged particle beam (40, z) and the electron beam (40, e) flying in the opposite directions _{are narrowed by the confined magnetic field (Bm) and the focused magnetic field (B 0} ) that function as electronic lenses, and the fusion reaction region (B 0). 52f) is formed.
The axes of the charged particle beam (40, z) and the electron beam (40, e) and the axes of the convergent magnetic field (B ₀ ) must be aligned.

Fuel charged particle beam (40) electron beam and (40e). Since proceeds in opposite directions, by an excess of electron beam (40e), the convergence state of the fuel charged particle beam (40) better Can be kept.
Regardless of the radius (r) of the fuel-charged particle beam (40), the convergence divergence ratio (Fr) is negative and the convergence force (FB) is superior, but with the contraction of the beam radius (r), the nucleus. As the fusion reaction itself increases, the collision between the electron beam (40e) and the fuel-charged particle beam (40) increases, and the emission (k) of the beam itself such as spiral motion increases, so it contracts indefinitely. There is nothing to do.
The fuel charged particle beam (40) can obtain a stronger circular magnetic field (Bφ) by using a high-speed beam (40H) as an accumulation beam than a low-speed beam (40L).

Table 5 Non-neutron type charged particle beam fusion

Table 6 Neutron-type charged particle beam fusion

Table 7 Ring-shaped charged particle beam fusion

Fuel charged particle beam (40) electron beam and (40e). Since proceeds in opposite directions, by an excess of electron beam (40e), the convergence state of the fuel charged particle beam (40) better Can be kept.
Regardless of the radius (r) of the fuel-charged particle beam (40), the convergence divergence ratio (Fr) is negative and the convergence force (FB) is superior, but with the contraction of the beam radius (r), the nucleus. As the fusion reaction itself increases, the collision between the electron beam (40e) and the fuel-charged particle beam (40) increases, and the emission (k) of the beam itself such as spiral motion increases, so it contracts indefinitely. There is nothing to do.
The fuel charged particle beam (40) can obtain a stronger circular magnetic field (Bφ) by using a high-speed beam (40H) as an accumulation beam than a low-speed beam (40L).

Table 5 Non-neutron type charged particle beam fusion

Table 6 Neutron-type charged particle beam fusion

Table 7 Ring-shaped charged particle beam fusion

Claims (7)

Charged particle beam generator (42), electron beam generator (43), focused magnetic field generating coil (51s, 51t), swirling magnetic field generating coil (51p) arranged in the swirling part, and engineering which is a non-magnetic insulating material. Equipped with a vacuum vessel (55) made of tough material such as ceramics
An annular vacuum (00) orbital transport path having a straight portion is formed.
A circuit transport path for closed charged particles of the _{convergent magnetic field (B 0} , Bt) created by the convergent magnetic field generating coil (51s, 51t) is formed.
So that the amount of positive charge and the amount of negative charge are equal in the orbital transport path of the charged particles.
The charged particle introduction beam (40i) emitted by the charged particle beam generator (42) and the charged particle beam generator (40i).
The electron introduction beam (40e) emitted by the electron beam generator (43) is
By orbiting in opposite directions,
Generates a fuel-charged particle beam (40) that neutralizes the space charge.
_{Exceeds the divergent force (FE} ) due to the residual space charge,
Characterized by being configured to obtain focusing force due to the magnetic pinch effect of a circular magnetic field beam current produce (B _phi) and (F _B),
A method for forming the fuel charged particle beam (40) having a long and thin shape and a high density, and
Charged particle beam fusion reactor (50) using the fuel charged particle beam (40)
Charged particle beam generator (42), electron beam generator (43), focused magnetic field generating coil (51s, 51t), swirling magnetic field generating coil (51p) arranged in the swirling part, and engineering which is a non-magnetic insulating material. Equipped with a vacuum vessel (55) made of tough material such as ceramics
An annular vacuum (00) orbital transport path having a straight portion is formed.
A circuit transport path for closed charged particles of the _{convergent magnetic field (B 0} , Bt) created by the convergent magnetic field generating coil (51s, 51t) is formed.
Wherein a charged particle beam generator (42) is a fuel charged particle beam to fire (40), high-speed beam _(40H, V H, _{m H)} and low speed beam _(40L, V L, _{m L)} and the in the same direction Let me go around
Utilizing the difference in the turning radius (r _ψ ) with respect to the swirling magnetic field (B _ψ ) and the difference in the amount of deflection with respect to the deflection magnetic field (52d),
The fuel charged particle beam (40) is separated into the high-speed beam (40H, _VH ) and the low-speed beam (40L, _VL ).
It is characterized in that it is mixed and changed into the fuel charged particle beam (40).
A method of creating a long and thin fusion reaction region (52f) at an arbitrary position in the circuit transport path, and
The charged particle beam fusion reactor (50) according to claim 1, wherein the fusion reaction region (52f) is used.
Charged particle beam generator (42), electron beam generator (43), focused magnetic field generating coil (51s, 51t), swirling magnetic field generating coil (51p) arranged in the swirling part, and engineering which is a non-magnetic insulating material. Equipped with a vacuum vessel (55) made of tough material such as ceramics
An annular vacuum (00) orbital transport path having a straight portion is formed.
A circuit transport path for closed charged particles of the _{convergent magnetic field (B 0} , Bt) created by the convergent magnetic field generating coil (51s, 51t) is formed.
In the orbital transport path of the charged particles,
_{A high-speed beam (40H, VH} ) and a low-speed beam (40L, _VL ), which are fuel-charged particle beams (40) emitted by the charged particle beam generator (42), are orbited in the same direction.
It is characterized in that a fusion reaction is generated by colliding with each other with a _{relative velocity difference (VH} - _VL ) in a thin and long-shaped fusion reaction region (52f).
The collision method of the fuel charged particle beam (40), and
The charged particle beam fusion reactor (50) according to any one of claims 1 or 2 using the collision method.
Charged particle beam generator (42), electron beam generator (43), focused magnetic field generating coil (51s, 51t), swirling magnetic field generating coil (51p) arranged in the swirling part, and engineering which is a non-magnetic insulating material. Equipped with a vacuum vessel (55) made of tough material such as ceramics
An annular vacuum (00) orbital transport path having a straight portion is formed.
In the fusion reaction region (52f), which is a part of the orbital transport path of the closed charged particles of the _{converging magnetic field (B 0} , Bt) created by the converging magnetic field generating coil (51s, 51t).
The fusion-generated charged particles (48c) generated by the fusion reaction fly and fly.
The Lorentz force received by crossing _{the convergent magnetic field (B 0} , Bt) of the convergent magnetic field generating coil (51s, 51t) causes a spiral motion.
It is characterized in that it is confined so as not to collide with the wall surface of the vacuum container (55).
A method of constructing a charged particle confinement region (52c), and
The charged particle beam fusion reactor (50) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which uses a charged particle confinement region (52c).
Charged particle beam generator (42), electron beam generator (43), convergent magnetic field generating coil (51s, 51t), swirling magnetic field generating coil (51p) arranged in the swirling part, annular regenerative speed reducer (70), and Equipped with a vacuum vessel (55) made of a tough material such as engineering ceramics, which is a non-magnetic insulating material.
An annular vacuum (00) orbital transport path having a straight portion is formed.
A circuit transport path for closed charged particles of the _{convergent magnetic field (B 0} , Bt) created by the convergent magnetic field generating coil (51s, 51t) is formed.
A part of the magnetic field lines forming the orbital transport path of the charged particles,
It is characterized in that it is connected to the magnetic field lines of the charged particle introduction paths (42s, 43s, 74i) of the charged particle beam generator (42), the electron beam generator (43), and the annular regenerative reducer (70). To
The charged particle beam fusion reactor (50) according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
In the flow path of fusion-generated charged particles (48c) having a converging coil (71s, 71t) and a swirling coil (71p), a switching coil (73X), a secondary winding (72), and a magnetic material (75m). It is equipped with a vacuum vessel (55) made of a tough material such as an ion introduction path (74i), a main swirl flow path (71M) and a sub swirl flow path (71S), and engineering ceramics which is a non-magnetic insulating material.
Fusion generated charged particles (73x) by reversing the switching magnetic field (73x) created by the switching coil (73X) arranged in the common flow path of the main swirling flow path (71M) and the sub swirling flow path (71S). By switching the flow of 48c) alternately,
The flow of the fusion-generated charged particles (48c) flowing through the annular flow path closed by the magnetic material (75 m) is interrupted.
Obtaining the electromagnetic induction current (72i) induced in the secondary winding (72),
The annular regenerative reducer (70), which is characterized by acquiring the kinetic energy (K) of the fusion-generated charged particles (48c) as the electric energy (E), and
The charged particle beam type fusion reactor (50) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which uses an annular regenerative reducer (70).
A neutron energy converter having a vacuum vessel (55) and a neutron thermal conversion chamber (60Q) made of a tough material such as engineering ceramics, which is a non-magnetic insulating material arranged so as to surround the fusion reaction region (52f). 60), and
In the neutron thermal conversion chamber (60Q), a nuclear material storage container (98) or
Equipped with a tritium breeding chamber (60B)
Fusion-generated neutrons (48n) flying from the fusion reaction region (52f),
It is decelerated by the neutron moderator (10) filled in the neutron energy converter (60) and the neutron heat conversion chamber (60Q), converted into thermal energy (Q), and shielded.
A transmutation reaction (X (n)) by accommodating a fission fuel rod assembly (99) or a group-partitioned nuclear material in the nuclear material storage container (98) and irradiating the fusion-generated neutron (48n). , Y) Z), and obtain heat of reaction, or
The tritium breeding chamber (60B) is filled with a neutron breeding material and a tritium breeding material (Li), and the fusion-generated neutron (48n) is irradiated to proliferate the neutron (n) and tritium (T). )
It is characterized by including any one or more of the neutron thermal conversion chamber (60Q), the nuclear material storage container (98), and the tritium breeding chamber (60B).
The charged particle beam fusion reactor (50) according to any one of claims 1 to 6.