JP2021032239A - Bottom-mounted offshore wind power generator, method for replacing tower part of the bottom-mounted offshore wind power generator, method for manufacturing bottom-mounted offshore wind power generator - Google Patents

Abstract

To reduce manufacturing cost and installation cost, and to make effective use for a long period of time to improve economic efficiency.SOLUTION: A bottom-mounted offshore wind power generator comprises a foundation part 3 mounted on the seabed, a base part 1 that is formed of concrete and is placed on the upper surface of the foundation part 3, a tower part 2 that has a tower shape formed by assembling a plurality of steel frames 23, has a lower end portion placed on the base part 1 and an upper end portion located above the surface of the sea, and is provided with a platform 21 on the upper end, and a wind power generator 4 installed on the platform 21. The base part 1 is provided with a tubular housing wall 5 on the upper end portion and has a housing portion 6 inside the housing wall 5. The tower part 2 has a concrete block 22 in which the lower end portion of a tower body 20 is embedded, and the concrete block 22 has an outer shape received inside the housing wall 5 of the base part 1. Granular weights 7 are loaded on the concrete block 22 located on the bottom of the housing portion 6 and are filled in the housing portion 6 to hold the tower part 2 in a vertical attitude, which is installed in a standing manner on the base part 1.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to an offshore wind power generation device installed on the ocean, and in particular, a method for exchanging a landing type offshore wind power generation device installed on the seabed and a tower portion of the offshore wind power generation device, and a landing type. Regarding the manufacturing method of offshore wind power generation equipment.

With the depletion of petroleum resources in recent years, renewable energy represented by solar energy is drawing attention. However, since solar power generation fluctuates greatly depending on the weather and cannot generate power at night, wind power generation is attracting attention as an alternative renewable energy. Since problems such as low-frequency noise have been pointed out near private houses in wind power generation, attention is being paid to installing wind power generation equipment offshore to avoid these problems.

Offshore wind power generators are roughly classified into floating type and fixed type (landing type) as a method of installing an offshore gantry system for installing a wind power generator (see Patent Documents 1 to 3).
An offshore wind turbine equipped with a floating gantry system can be installed in a sea area with a water depth of a predetermined depth or more, for example, 100 m or more, and is used while floating on the sea surface. Mass production is possible. However, in the case of a floating wind power generator, there is a problem that the gantry system itself needs to be increased in size and the individual manufacturing unit cost becomes high, resulting in poor profitability. Further, in the case of a floating wind power generator, it is difficult to install it in a sea area having a water depth of 100 m or less.

On the other hand, offshore wind turbines equipped with a fixed gantry system have the advantage of being able to stably support the wind turbines because the base part is installed on the seabed, but on the other hand, the sea area where the equipment is installed. There are various problems depending on the type of gantry system used, depending on the water depth. For example, in a sea area with a water depth of 30 m or less, a wind power generator equipped with a monopile type mount is preferably adopted. In the monopile type mount, the lower end of one metal pipe is fixed to the seabed, and the wind power generator is arranged and supported on the upper end side protruding above the sea surface, so that the manufacturing cost can be reduced. However, the monopile type gantry has a problem that the manufacturing cost becomes high when the water depth is 30 m or more, and thus the profitability becomes poor.

Therefore, in the sea area where the water depth is 40 m or more, a wind power generator equipped with a jacket type pedestal composed of a tower (steel tower) in which a steel frame is assembled is preferably adopted. In this way, the jacket-type gantry system consisting of steel towers has the advantage of being less susceptible to the effects of waves. In addition, since the manufacturing technology of the jacket type pedestal is established like the steel tower used for oil mining, it is manufactured correspondingly even if the water depth is deep to some extent (for example, 40 m or more). can do. However, there is a problem that the profitability of wind power generation is lower than that of oil mining. In particular, in the jacket type pedestal, in order to fix the lower end of the tower to the seabed, it is necessary to drive a thick and long anchor deep underground, and the installation cost becomes extremely high. In addition, since the jacket type mount is made of steel, it has a short service life of about 25 years and cannot be used for a long period of time. Therefore, in order to maintain the wind power generator, it is necessary to replace this jacket. Profitability deteriorates.

Further, as a landing type gantry that can be constructed in a short period of time, a wind power generator having a structure in which a tower is erected by stacking blocks divided into a plurality of blocks from the seabed to the surface of the sea has also been proposed (see Patent Document 4). ..
In this wind power generator, as a tower, a plurality of divided blocks are stacked on a foundation block fixed to the seabed and projected above the sea surface, and these divided blocks and the foundation block are connected by a connecting tool to form a tower. It has a structure that allows it to stand upright. A tower of this structure enables construction in a short period of time, but has the disadvantage that blocks protruding above the sea surface are strongly affected by waves near the sea surface. Therefore, there is a problem that a stable posture cannot be maintained due to waves such as typhoons and strong winds. In addition, since it is necessary to connect multiple blocks stacked from the seabed to the surface of the sea with a connecting tool that penetrates the center vertically, the manufacturing cost and installation cost of the connecting tool will only increase in deep water. Alternatively, the means for strongly fastening the plurality of blocks becomes complicated, and it becomes difficult to keep the tower in an upright state safely and stably.

As described above, in the sea area where the water depth is 30 m to 100 m, an effective technique as a frame for a wind power generation device has not yet been established. In particular, in Japan, where the coastline is long and there are many steep coastal areas, there are many mid-water areas as sea areas suitable for wind conditions, and there is an urgent need to put into practical use and popularize highly economical methods in these areas. There is.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2016-11396 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2005-180239 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2003-206852 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-213541

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and one of the purposes thereof is to reduce manufacturing costs and installation costs, and to realize a structure that can be effectively used for a long period of time to improve economic efficiency. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for exchanging a tower portion of a landing type offshore wind power generation device and an offshore wind power generation device, and a method for manufacturing a landing type offshore wind power generation device.

Means for Solving Problems and Effects of Invention

The landing type offshore wind power generator according to an aspect of the present invention is a landing type offshore wind power generator in which a wind power generator is installed at sea, and is installed on the sea surface and the upper surface is leveled in a horizontal plane. The foundation is made of concrete in a columnar shape, and the foundation is placed on the upper surface of the foundation and placed below the sea surface, and multiple steel frames are assembled to form a tower. The lower end is placed below the sea surface and placed on the base, and the upper end is placed above the sea surface and the platform is provided at the upper end. It is equipped with a wind power generator to perform. The base portion is provided with a tubular accommodating wall having a predetermined height at the upper end portion thereof, and has a bottomed accommodating portion opened upward inside the accommodating wall. The tower portion includes a concrete block formed by burying the lower end portion of the tower body formed of a steel frame, and the concrete block has an outer shape that fits inside the accommodating wall of the base portion. Further, in the offshore wind power generation device, a granular weight is loaded on a concrete block arranged at the bottom of the accommodating portion and filled in the accommodating portion, and the tower portion erected above the base portion is held in a vertical posture. ing.

In the above-mentioned landing type offshore wind power generator, the base part is held in a fixed position by the weight of the concrete base part, and the concrete block provided at the lower end part of the tower part inside the accommodating part provided on the base part. By arranging, the tower part is maintained in an upright state by the weight of the granular weight loaded on the concrete block while preventing lateral slippage, so the concrete block can be used as the base part without using a special fixing structure. It can be maintained in concrete, and manufacturing cost and installation cost can be reduced.

In addition, for the landing type offshore wind turbine with the above structure, only the steel tower part with a relatively short service life should be replaced without replacing the concrete base part with a relatively long service life. Therefore, manufacturing and maintenance costs can be reduced while realizing a structure that can be used safely for a long period of time. In other words, this offshore wind power generator uses a concrete base installed on the seabed for a long period of time while mass-producing towers with a complicated structure at low cost as a structure arranged above and below the sea surface. , Long-term profitability can be improved. In particular, since this device loads and fills the granular weight on the concrete block arranged in the accommodating portion of the base portion, even a large amount of granular weight can be easily conveyed and filled. Further, at the time of replacing the tower portion, the tower portion can be easily removed and replaced by removing the granular weight filled in the accommodating portion.

Furthermore, the above landing type offshore wind power generation equipment is made of concrete by arranging the concrete base part below the sea surface and the tower part assembled with steel frame from below the sea surface to above the sea surface. You can take advantage of the advantage of the base part and the advantage of the steel tower part. That is, this device can prevent damage caused by the tsunami while having a structure in which the base portion is made of concrete so that the base portion can be stably held on the seabed. In addition, by arranging the tower part constructed of steel from below the sea surface to above the sea surface, when the sea surface becomes rough due to a typhoon or the like, a part of the force received from the waves can be passed through the tower part to reduce it. It is possible to reduce the force that the whole receives from the waves, suppress the adverse effects of the waves, and realize the feature that the wind power generator can be stably supported for a long period of time.

Further, in the landing type offshore wind power generator according to another aspect of the present invention, the granular weight is any one of sand, gravel, crushed stone, and slag.

With the above configuration, by using sand, gravel, crushed stone, or slag as the granular weight, it becomes easy to fill the granular weight in the accommodating portion, and when removing the granular weight, a suction, a submersible pump, etc. The granular weight can be efficiently sucked and removed using the suction device of.
Further, in the structure in which the granular weight is used as slag, the manufacturing cost can be reduced while effectively utilizing the slag generated in a large amount as waste.

Further, in the landing type offshore wind power generation device according to another aspect of the present invention, the upper surface position of the granular weight filled in the accommodating portion is set to 5 m to 15 m below the sea surface.

With the above configuration, sunlight reaches the upper surface of the granular weight filled in the storage wall, so that aquatic plants such as seaweed and seaweed can be propagated on the granular weight. As a result, the inner region of the accommodating portion can be utilized as a seaweed bed to improve the underwater environment.
Further, in the above-mentioned landing type offshore wind power generator, since the lower end of the tower portion is arranged 5 m to 15 m below the sea surface, the tower portion can be mass-produced at a specific height regardless of the water depth of the installed sea area. Therefore, the productivity can be improved and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

Further, in the landing type offshore wind power generator according to another aspect of the present invention, the base portion has a flange portion protruding in the outer peripheral direction at the lower end, and the lower surface of the flange portion is with respect to the upper surface of the foundation portion. It is arranged in a surface contact state.

According to the above configuration, by arranging the flange portion provided at the lower end of the base portion on the upper surface of the foundation portion in a surface contact state, the resistance between the base portion and the foundation portion is increased and the lateral displacement of the base portion is prevented. It can be stably held in place. In addition, by providing a flange portion at the lower end of the base portion, there is also a function of preventing the base portion from tipping over due to a load from the side.

Further, in the landing type offshore wind power generator according to another aspect of the present invention, the base portion includes a plurality of concrete caissons loaded vertically, and the concrete caissons arranged at the uppermost stage cover the outer peripheral surface. A tubular peripheral wall portion to be formed and a bottom plate portion that closes the lower end opening of the peripheral wall portion are provided, and the peripheral wall portion is used as an accommodating wall, the inside of the peripheral wall portion is used as an accommodating portion, and the lower end portion of the tower portion is arranged in the accommodating portion. Then, the tower part is erected at a fixed position on the base part.

With the above configuration, by configuring the base with multiple concrete caissons that are loaded vertically, the height of the base can be changed to the optimum height according to the water depth in the sea area where the wind power generator is installed, and wind power generation is performed. The machine can be placed in the optimum position. In particular, the lower end portion of the tower portion can be accommodated while the peripheral wall portion of the concrete caisson arranged in the upper stage is also used as the accommodating wall, and the tower portion can be held in a fixed position. According to this structure, since the peripheral wall portion of the concrete caisson used as the base portion is used as the accommodating wall without forming a dedicated accommodating wall, the manufacturing cost can be reduced while shortening the manufacturing process.

Further, in the landing type offshore wind power generator according to another aspect of the present invention, the base portion includes a plurality of concrete caissons loaded vertically, and the concrete caissons arranged in the lower stage form the outer peripheral surface. It is provided with a tubular peripheral wall portion, a bottom plate portion that closes the lower end opening of the peripheral wall portion, and a plurality of vertical walls provided inside the peripheral wall portion to partition the internal space of the concrete caisson into a plurality of compartments. , On a plurality of vertical walls, located inside the peripheral wall portion, a concrete caisson arranged in the upper stage is placed.

With the above configuration, by configuring the base with multiple concrete caissons that are loaded vertically, the height of the base can be changed to the optimum height according to the water depth in the sea area where the wind power generator is installed, and wind power generation is performed. The machine can be placed in the optimum position. In particular, by providing a plurality of vertical walls inside the peripheral wall of the concrete caisson arranged in the lower stage and partitioning the internal space of the concrete caisson into a plurality of compartments, the strength of the concrete caisson is increased and the manufacturing cost is reduced. it can.

Further, in the landing type offshore wind power generator according to another aspect of the present invention, the base portion includes a plurality of concrete caissons loaded vertically, and the concrete caissons arranged in the lower stage form the outer peripheral surface. A hollow portion is provided inside with a tubular peripheral wall portion and a bottom plate portion that closes the lower end opening of the peripheral wall portion. The peripheral wall portion has an opening window and the inside of the concrete caisson is provided through the opening window. The space is connected to the outside.

With the above configuration, the inside of the concrete caisson is hollow, and the internal space is communicated to the outside through the opening window provided on the peripheral wall, so that the inside of the concrete caisson can be used as a fish reef in the sea to allow the entry and exit of organisms living in the sea. The environment can be improved.

Further, in the landing type offshore wind power generator according to another aspect of the present invention, the base portion is a concrete having a tubular peripheral wall portion forming an outer peripheral surface and a bottom plate portion closing the lower end opening of the peripheral wall portion. It is composed of caissons. In this concrete caisson, the lower end inside the peripheral wall portion is used as a solid to form a weight portion, the upper portion of the peripheral wall portion is used as an accommodating wall, the upper portion inside the peripheral wall portion is used as an accommodating portion, and the lower end portion of the tower portion is used as an accommodating portion. The tower is erected at a fixed position on the base.

With the above configuration, the lower end portion of the tower portion can be accommodated while the peripheral wall portion of the concrete caisson having a tubular base portion is also used as the accommodating wall portion, and the tower portion can be held in a fixed position. According to this structure, since the peripheral wall portion of the concrete caisson used as the base portion is used as the accommodating wall portion without forming a dedicated accommodating wall portion, the manufacturing cost can be reduced while shortening the manufacturing process.

Further, in the landing type offshore wind turbine generator according to another aspect of the present invention, the outer shape of the peripheral wall portion of the base portion in a plan view is rectangular.

Further, in the landing type offshore wind turbine generator according to another aspect of the present invention, the outer shape of the peripheral wall portion of the base portion in a plan view is circular. According to the above configuration, by making the plan view of the base portion circular, it is possible to allow the tidal current to act on the base portion in a non-directional manner and pass it off.

Further, in the landing type offshore wind power generator according to another aspect of the present invention, the foundation portion has a foundation rubble layer in which a large number of rubbles are laid on the seabed and the upper surface is leveled flat, and the foundation rubble. It includes a covering member arranged on the upper surface of the layer.

The method for replacing the tower portion of the landing type offshore wind power generation device according to an aspect of the present invention is a method for replacing the tower portion of the landing type offshore wind power generation device described above, and is a method for replacing the tower portion of the base portion. Newly installed in the removal step of removing the granular weight filled in, the tower part taking out step of taking out the tower part from the accommodating part from which the granular weight was removed, and the accommodating part from which the tower part was taken out in the tower part taking out process. In addition to arranging the concrete block provided at the lower end of the tower portion, the tower portion installation process of loading the granular weight on the concrete block arranged at the bottom of the accommodating portion and filling the inside of the accommodating wall portion is performed. Includes.

Further, in the method for replacing the tower portion of the landing type offshore wind power generation device according to another aspect of the present invention, the granular weight is one of sand, gravel, crushed stone, and slag, and a suction device is used in the removal step. Then, the granular weight is sucked out from the inside of the accommodating wall and removed.

According to the above method, since the granular weight accommodated in the accommodating portion is sucked by the suction device, a large amount of granular weight can be easily and easily sucked and removed in a short time.

In the method for manufacturing a landing type offshore wind power generator according to an aspect of the present invention, the outer shape is formed of concrete in a columnar shape, and a tubular accommodating wall is provided at the upper end thereof to provide an inner side of the accommodating wall. A foundation manufacturing process that manufactures a foundation with a bottomed housing that opens upwards, a tower body constructed by assembling multiple steel frames, a platform provided at the upper end of the tower body, and the tower body. A tower part manufacturing process that manufactures a tower part with a concrete block formed in an outer shape that fits in the accommodation wall by burying the lower end part, and a foundation that forms a foundation part whose upper surface is leveled in a horizontal plane on the sea bottom. The base part installation process in which the base part is placed on the upper surface of the foundation part formed in the part forming step and the foundation part forming step and placed below the sea surface, and the base part installed below the sea surface in the base part installation process. A tower part installation process in which the tower part is placed on the sea surface and the upper part of the tower part is placed on the sea surface, and a generator installation in which the wind generator is installed on the platform placed on the sea surface in the tower part installation process. Includes steps. In the tower section installation process, the concrete block provided at the lower end of the tower section is placed at the bottom of the housing section of the base section, and the granular weight is loaded on the concrete block arranged in the housing section to load the housing section. The tower part, which is filled inside and stands above the base part, is held in a vertical position.

In the method for manufacturing a landing type offshore wind power generator according to another aspect of the present invention, the base portion has a polygonal shape in a plan view, and in the base portion installation process, the arrival side of the tsunami in the sea area where the base portion is installed. On the other hand, the base portion is arranged so that the tops of the base portion in the plan view face each other, and the side surfaces of the base portion are arranged in an intersecting posture with respect to the traveling direction of the tsunami.

According to the above method, by arranging the apex of the base portion having a polygonal shape in a plan view on the arrival side of the tsunami, the side surfaces of the base portion can be arranged in an intersecting posture with respect to the traveling direction of the tsunami at the time of the tsunami. It has the feature of preventing the tsunami from acting vertically on the side surface of the part and suppressing the harmful effects of the tsunami.

It is a vertical sectional view of the landing type offshore wind power generation device which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a schematic exploded perspective view of the landing type offshore wind power generation device shown in FIG. It is a vertical sectional view of the landing type offshore wind power generation device which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a vertical sectional view of the landing type offshore wind power generation device which concerns on Embodiment 3 of this invention. It is a schematic exploded perspective view of the landing type offshore wind power generation device which concerns on Embodiment 4 of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the manufacturing process of the landing type offshore wind power generation apparatus shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the manufacturing process of the landing type offshore wind power generation apparatus shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the manufacturing process of the landing type offshore wind power generation apparatus shown in FIG. It is a top view which shows the installation example of the landing type offshore wind power generation device with respect to the traveling direction of a tsunami. It is sectional drawing which shows the exchange process of the tower part of the landing type offshore wind power generation apparatus shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the exchange process of the tower part of the landing type offshore wind power generation apparatus shown in FIG.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. However, the embodiments shown below are examples for embodying the technical idea of the present invention, and the present invention is not specified as the following. In addition, the present specification does not specify the members shown in the claims as the members of the embodiment. In particular, the dimensions, materials, shapes, relative arrangements, etc. of the components described in the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention to the specific description unless otherwise specified, and are merely explanatory examples. Only. The size and positional relationship of the members shown in each drawing may be exaggerated to clarify the explanation. Further, in the following description, parts having the same name and the same reference numerals are shown, and detailed description thereof will be omitted as appropriate. Further, each element constituting the present invention may be configured such that a plurality of elements are composed of the same member and the plurality of elements are combined with one member, or conversely, the function of one member is performed by the plurality of members. It can also be shared and realized.

The landing type offshore wind power generator of the present invention is a device in which a wind power generator for wind power generation is installed at sea, and the wind power generator is mainly installed on the ocean at a water depth of 20 m to 100 m. However, the landing type offshore power generation device of the present invention can be used not only on the ocean but also as a device for arranging a wind power generator on the water surface by landing on the bottom of a lake having a predetermined water depth. Therefore, in the present specification, the term "offshore" is used in a broad sense including not only the sea but also the lake. In this case, the seabed corresponds to the lake bottom and the sea surface corresponds to the lake surface.

(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an installation state of the offshore wind power generation device 100 according to the first embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a schematic exploded perspective view of the offshore wind power generation device 100 shown in FIG. The offshore power generation device 100 shown in these figures is installed on the bottom surface of the sea 50, and is formed of a foundation portion 3 whose upper surface is leveled in a horizontal plane and concrete having a columnar outer shape, and the foundation portion 3 of the foundation portion 3. A base portion 1 placed on the upper surface and placed below the sea surface and a plurality of steel frames 23 are assembled to form a tower, and the lower end portion is placed below the sea surface and placed on the base portion 1. It includes a tower portion 2 having an upper end portion arranged on the sea surface and a platform 21 provided at the upper end portion, and a wind power generator 4 installed on the platform 21 to generate wind power. The base portion 1 is provided with a tubular accommodating wall 5 having a predetermined height at the upper end portion thereof, and a bottomed accommodating portion 6 opened upward is provided inside the accommodating wall 5. The tower portion 2 includes a concrete block 22 in which the lower end portion of the tower main body 20 formed of the steel frame 23 is embedded, and the concrete block 22 has an outer shape that fits inside the accommodating wall 5 of the base portion 1. doing. In the offshore wind power generation device 100, the granular weight 7 is loaded on the concrete block 22 arranged at the bottom of the accommodating portion 6 and filled in the accommodating portion 6, and the tower portion 2 is erected above the base portion 1. It is held in a vertical position.

(Basic part 3)
The foundation portion 3 is an arbitrary region of the seabed 50, and is constructed in an region where the offshore wind power generation device 100 is installed. The foundation portion 3 is formed on the seabed surface 50 in order to improve the surface condition of the seabed on which the base portion 1 is installed and to stably place the base portion 3 on the upper surface thereof. The upper surface of the foundation portion 3 is leveled in a horizontal plane so that the base portion 1 can be placed in a horizontal posture. The base portion 1 in the figure is formed at a predetermined height with respect to the seabed surface 50, and the upper surface of the central portion is made horizontal so that the base portion 1 can be installed in a horizontal posture and the outer peripheral portion is on the outside. As a slope that slopes downward toward, it is hard to collapse against tidal currents and tsunamis. The foundation portion 3 shown in FIG. 1 is formed so that the outer shape of the central portion formed in a horizontal plane is slightly larger than the outer shape of the bottom surface of the base portion 1. For example, the outer shape of the central portion of the foundation portion 3 is 1 to 10 m, preferably 3 to 5 m larger than the outer shape of the base portion 1, and the width of the inclined surface formed on the outer peripheral portion is 2 m to 10 m, preferably 3. It is set to ~ 5 m, and the slope of the inclined surface is set to 5 to 30 degrees.

The foundation portion 3 shown in FIG. 1 includes a foundation rubble layer 31 composed of a large number of rubble 32 laid on the seabed surface 50, and a covering member 33 arranged on the upper surface of the foundation rubble layer 31. In the foundation rubble layer 31, a large number of rubble 32s are stacked and laid so as to have a predetermined height, and the upper surface of the central portion is leveled to be flat. A covering member 33 is laid on the upper surface of the foundation rubble layer 31 which is formed in a predetermined shape as a whole. The covering member 33 is in the form of a plate or a sheet having a weight of pressing the foundation rubble layer 31 from above so that the rubble 32, sand, and earth and sand constituting the foundation rubble layer 31 do not flow out due to the pushing wave or the pulling wave caused by the tsunami. It is a member and covers the entire upper surface of the foundation rubble layer 31. Asphalt mat 33A can be used as such a covering member 33. The asphalt mat 33A is formed by molding asphalt into a mat having a predetermined thickness, and has a specific gravity that is not washed away by a violent tidal current and a flexibility that can be deformed along the surface of the foundation rubble layer 31. .. The covering member 33 made of the asphalt mat 33A is laid in close contact with the upper surface of the foundation rubble layer 31, and the foundation rubble layer 31 is pressed from the upper surface by its own weight. As a result, a large amount of rubble 32 constituting the foundation rubble layer 31 is effectively prevented from flowing out due to a violent tidal current or tsunami and deforming the foundation portion 3. However, for the foundation portion, a concrete panel can also be used as a covering member that presses and reinforces the foundation rubble layer 31 from the upper surface. In this foundation portion, by laying a plurality of concrete panels on the upper surface of the foundation rubble layer, it is possible to prevent the outflow of rubble that constitutes the foundation rubble layer. Further, in the foundation portion 2, a concrete block or a concrete panel can be arranged as a weight on the asphalt mat 33A laid on the upper surface of the foundation rubble layer 31.

(Base 1)
The base portion 1 is installed in the sea as a base on which the tower portion 2 that supports the wind power generator 4 arranged offshore is placed. The base portion 1 is placed on the foundation portion 3 installed on the seabed 50, and the tower portion 2 is erected on the foundation portion 2 in a vertical posture. The base portion 1 is made of concrete in a shape having a columnar outer shape. The concrete base portion 1 is designed to have a size and weight that can support the tower portion 2 described later in a stable and erected state. In particular, the base portion 1 is designed so that the total weight after deducting the buoyancy is 2000 tons or more, preferably 3000 tons or more, so as not to be laterally displaced by a tsunami-induced push wave or pull wave. The base portion will be described in detail later, but when it is installed on the seabed where the water depth is deep, it is designed to be high in height, so it is even larger according to its height and width, for example, buoyancy is subtracted. The total weight may be designed to be 5000 tons or more.

Further, the base portion 1 is provided with a tubular accommodating wall 5 at the upper end portion in order to erect the tower portion 2 in a vertical posture on the base portion 1, and has a bottom that is opened upward inside the accommodating wall 5. The accommodating portion 6 is provided. As shown in FIG. 2, the base portion 1 is held at a fixed position by arranging a concrete block 22 provided at the lower end portion of the tower portion 2 at the bottom portion of the accommodating portion 6. The concrete block 22 has a plate shape having an outer shape that fits in the accommodating wall 5, and is formed in a state where the lower end portion of the tower main body 20 formed of the steel frame 23 is embedded. In the base portion 1, the granular weight 7 is loaded on the concrete block 22 with the concrete block 22 arranged at the bottom of the accommodating portion 6. The granular weight 7 is filled in the accommodating portion 6 and serves as a weight of the concrete block 22 to hold the tower portion 2 arranged in the accommodating portion 6 in a vertical posture.

The accommodating wall 5 provided on the upper part of the base portion 1 is formed to have a thickness capable of supporting the concrete block 22 of the tower portion 2 arranged inside even if it receives a load trying to move in the horizontal direction. The thickness of the accommodating wall 5 can be 50 cm to 150 cm, preferably 80 cm to 120 cm. Further, the accommodating portion formed inside the accommodating wall has a volume of 2000 m ^{3 to} 10000 ^{m 3} , preferably 3000 m ^{3 to} 6000 ^{m 3,} and the weight after deducting the buoyancy due to the granular weight 7 filled inside is 3000 tons or more. I am trying to be. Here, assuming that the weight of the wind power generator 4 installed on the tower portion 2 is, for example, 500 to 600 tons, the maximum value of the lateral load due to the strong wind or the like acting on the tower portion 2 supporting the wind power generator 4 is set. It is considered to be 5 to 6 times the weight of the wind power generator 4. Therefore, in order to withstand this lateral load, the total weight of the granular weight loaded on the concrete block and supporting the lower end of the tower portion is 3000 tons or more, preferably 5000 tons or more, for example. Therefore, the base portion 1 has the volume of the accommodating portion 6 within the above-mentioned range.

In the base portion 1 shown in FIG. 2, the planar shape of the accommodating wall 5 is square, the inner glue thereof is 20 m × 20 m, and the height is 10 m. Assuming that the thickness of the concrete block 22 arranged at the bottom of the accommodating portion 6 is 1 m and the specific gravity of the granular weight 7 is 2.5 t / m ³ , the accommodating portion 6 is loaded on the concrete block 22 and filled in the accommodating portion 6. It is a load by the granular weight 7 to be formed, and the weight after deducting the buoyancy is 5000t to 6000t. Therefore, the base portion 1 can be fixed without laterally shifting or tipping over the lower end portion of the tower portion 2 due to the weight of the granular weight 7 filled in the accommodating portion 6, and the tower portion 2 is held in a vertical posture and does not fall. Can be supported.

Further, the base portion 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 has a flange portion 13 protruding in the outer peripheral direction at the lower end. The flange portion 13 is made of concrete and is integrally formed at the lower end of the base portion 1 formed in a columnar shape. The base portion 1 is arranged so that the lower surface of the flange portion 13 is in surface contact with the upper surface of the base portion 3. By arranging the flange portion 13 on the upper surface of the foundation portion 2 in a surface contact state, the base portion 1 increases the frictional resistance between the base portion 1 and the foundation portion 2 and prevents the base portion 1 from laterally shifting. Can be held in place. Further, by providing the flange portion 13 at the lower end of the base portion 1, the bottom surface is widened and the center of gravity of the entire base portion is lowered to prevent the base portion 1 from tipping over due to a load from the side.

The protrusion amount of the flange portion 13 of the base portion 1 can be 2 m to 5 m. Further, the base portion 1 shown in the figure is provided with a reinforcing rib 19 for connecting the peripheral wall portion 11 of the base portion 1 and the flange portion 13 in order to reinforce the flange portion 13 projecting in the outer peripheral direction. As a result, the flange portion 13 can be firmly fixed to the peripheral wall portion 11 while increasing the amount of protrusion. For example, the base portion 1 shown in FIG. 2 has a square shape in which the protrusion amount of the flange portion 13 is 4 m and the outer shape of the flange portion 13 is 40 m on one side. Assuming that the thickness of the flange portion of this structure is 1 m, the weight of the entire flange portion 13 is about 1400 tons, and the load after deducting the buoyancy is about 800 tons. The base portion 1 is further held in a stable posture with respect to the foundation portion 3 by the load of the flange portion 13.

(Concrete caisson 10)
The base portion 1 having the above structure is preferably composed of a concrete caisson 10. The concrete caisson 10 has a box shape including a tubular peripheral wall portion 11 that forms an outer peripheral surface and a bottom plate portion 12 that closes the lower end opening of the peripheral wall portion 11, and is entirely made of concrete. Further, the concrete caisson 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is provided with a flange portion 13 projecting in the outer peripheral direction integrally formed at the lower end of the peripheral wall portion 11. The concrete caisson 10 is manufactured in advance at a factory, is transported to the sea area where it is installed, is submerged in the sea by its own weight, and is installed on the seabed. Therefore, the structure in which the base portion 1 is composed of the concrete caisson 10 has a feature that both the manufacturing cost and the installation cost can be reduced.

The base portion 1 composed of the concrete caisson 10 is arranged at an ideal position with respect to the sea surface by adjusting the height thereof according to the water depth of the sea area where the offshore wind power generation device 100 is installed. it can. In other words, the height of the base portion 1 is adjusted so that the tower portion 2 can be arranged at a predetermined position with respect to the sea surface. The height of the base portion 1 is adjusted by stacking and arranging a plurality of concrete caissons 10 vertically according to the water depth of the sea area in which the base portion 1 is installed.

The offshore wind power generator 100 shown in FIG. 1 includes a concrete caisson 10 whose base portion 1 is loaded in two upper and lower stages. In the base portion 1 shown in the figure, the height of the concrete caisson 10B arranged in the lower stage is about 20 m, the height of the concrete caisson 10A arranged in the upper stage is about 11 m, and the total height in a state where these are stacked. The height is about 30 m. As shown in FIG. 1, the base portion 1 of this structure can be installed in a sea area having a water depth of about 40 m, and the bottom plate of the accommodating portion 6 can be arranged at a position 20 m below the sea surface. Therefore, the tower portion 2 can be reliably arranged at a predetermined depth so that the lower end of the tower portion 2 is located at a depth of 20 m below the sea surface. In this way, by configuring the base portion 1 with a plurality of concrete caissons 10 loaded vertically, the height of the base portion 1 can be adjusted to the optimum height according to the water depth in the sea area where the wind power generation device 100 is installed. There are features that can be done.

The base portion 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 has a concrete caisson 10B arranged in the lower stage having an outer shape slightly larger than that of the concrete caisson 10A arranged in the upper stage, and stabilizes the concrete caisson 10 loaded in the upper and lower two stages. I am trying to support it. The base portion 1 in the figure is the upper concrete caisson with the inner diameter of the peripheral wall portion 11 of the lower concrete caisson 10B set to 30 m so that the upper concrete caisson 10A can be stacked and reliably held on the lower concrete caisson 10B. The outer diameter of the flange portion 13 of 10A is made smaller than 30 m so that the upper concrete caisson 10A can be arranged inside the peripheral wall portion 11 of the lower concrete caisson 10B.

Further, the concrete caisson 10A arranged in the upper stage includes a tubular peripheral wall portion 11 forming an outer peripheral surface and a bottom plate portion 12 for closing the lower end opening of the peripheral wall portion 11, and also accommodates the peripheral wall portion 11 in the accommodating wall 5. The inside of the peripheral wall portion 11 is used as the accommodating portion 6. In this concrete caisson 10A, in a state where the concrete block 22 provided at the lower end of the tower portion 2 is arranged in the accommodating portion 6, a large amount of granular weights 7 are filled in the accommodating portion to place the tower portion 2 in a fixed position of the base portion 1. It is held in an upright position. In this structure, the lower end portion of the tower portion 2 can be accommodated while the peripheral wall portion 11 of the concrete caisson 10A arranged in the upper stage is also used as the accommodating wall 5, and the tower portion 2 can be held in a fixed position.

Further, the concrete caisson 10B arranged in the lower stage is provided inside the peripheral wall portion 11, the tubular peripheral wall portion 11 forming the outer peripheral surface, the bottom plate portion 12 that closes the lower end opening of the peripheral wall portion 11, and the peripheral wall portion 11. It is provided with a plurality of vertical walls 14 for partitioning the internal space of the concrete caisson 10 into a plurality of compartments 15. The concrete caisson 10B is located on a plurality of vertical walls 14 and is located inside the peripheral wall portion 11, and a concrete caisson 10A arranged in the upper stage is placed on the concrete caisson 10B. As described above, the structure in which the plurality of vertical walls 14 are provided inside the peripheral wall portion 11 of the concrete caisson 10B arranged in the lower stage can increase the strength of the concrete caisson 10B and reduce the manufacturing cost. Further, as shown by the chain line in the figure, the concrete caisson 10B may function as a weight portion by filling each compartment 15 with a weight such as a granular weight. In the structure in which the weight portion is provided in this portion, the weight of the base portion can be increased, and the weight can be easily adjusted by the filling amount of the weight.

Further, the lower concrete caisson 10B shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is provided with an opening window 16 opened in the peripheral wall portion 11. The concrete caisson 10B uses the concrete caisson 10B as a fish reef by allowing the organisms living in the sea to enter and exit by communicating the internal space to the outside through the opening window 16. The concrete caisson 10B shown in the figure is also provided with an opening window 17 on the vertical wall 14, and a plurality of compartments 15 formed therein are communicated with each other through the opening window 17.

In the lower concrete caisson 10B shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, concrete plates 18 constituting a top plate are arranged on a plurality of vertical walls 14. The concrete plate 18 has an outer shape that follows the inner shape of the peripheral wall portion 11 of the concrete caisson 10B, and by increasing the strength by setting the thickness to, for example, 1 m, the upper concrete caisson 10A or the concrete caisson 10A placed on the concrete caisson 10B The load of the tower portion 2 can be supported. The concrete plate 18 is manufactured at a factory as a separate member from the concrete caisson 10B and transported to the installation site. At the same time, the concrete caisson 10B is installed on the seabed and then submerged in the sea to be placed at a fixed position of the concrete caisson 10B. Can be done. However, the top plate placed on the vertical wall can also be an iron plate.

Further, an asphalt mat 37 is laid on the upper surface of the concrete plate 18. In this structure, the asphalt mat 37 can effectively prevent the side slip of the upper concrete caisson 10A placed on the upper surface of the concrete plate 18. However, the asphalt mat may be omitted.

The above base portion is composed of two upper and lower concrete caissons, but the base portion may be composed of three or more upper and lower concrete caissons, or may be composed of one upper and lower concrete caissons. As described above, the height of the base portion is adjusted by adjusting the number of concrete caissons loaded vertically according to the water depth of the sea area where the offshore wind power generation device is installed and the environment thereof.

FIG. 3 shows the offshore wind power generation device 200 according to the second embodiment. The offshore wind power generator 200 shown in this figure includes a concrete caisson 10 whose base portion 1 is loaded in three upper and lower stages. In the base portion 1 in the figure, the heights of the concrete caisson 10B arranged in the lower stage and the concrete caisson 10C arranged in the middle stage are both about 15 m, and the height of the concrete caisson 10A arranged in the upper stage is about 11 m. The total height of the stacked concrete is about 40 m. As shown in the figure, the base portion 1 of this structure can be installed in a sea area having a water depth of about 50 m, and the bottom plate of the accommodating portion 6 can be arranged at a position 20 m below the sea surface. Therefore, the tower portion 2 can be reliably arranged at a predetermined depth so that the lower end of the tower portion 2 is located at a depth of 20 m below the sea surface.

Further, the base portion 1 shown in FIG. 3 gradually increases the outer shape of the concrete caisson 10 arranged from the upper stage to the lower stage so that the concrete caisson 10 loaded in the upper and lower three stages can be stably supported. There is. The base portion 1 shown in FIG. 3 has an inner diameter of 40 m as the inner diameter of the peripheral wall portion 11 of the lower concrete caisson 10B so that the middle concrete caisson 10C can be stacked and reliably held on the lower concrete caisson 10B. The outer diameter of the flange portion 13 of the concrete caisson 10A is made smaller than 40 m so that the middle concrete caisson 10C can be arranged inside the peripheral wall portion 11 of the lower concrete caisson 10B. Further, the inner diameter of the peripheral wall portion 11 of the middle concrete caisson 10B is set to 30 m so that the upper concrete caisson 10A can be stacked and reliably held on the middle concrete caisson 10C, and the flange portion 13 of the upper concrete caisson 10A is set. The outer diameter of the concrete caisson 10B is smaller than 30 m so that the upper concrete caisson 10A can be arranged inside the peripheral wall portion 11 of the middle concrete caisson 10B.

The lower concrete caisson 10B shown in FIG. 3 has a larger outer diameter than the lower concrete caisson 10B shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 described above. Therefore, the lower concrete caisson 10B shown in FIG. 3 has a square shape in which the protrusion amount of the flange portion 13 protruding in the outer peripheral direction is 4 m and the outer shape of the flange portion 13 is 50 m on one side. Assuming that the thickness of the flange portion 13 having this structure is 1 m, the weight of the entire flange portion 13 is about 1800 tons, and the load after deducting the buoyancy is about 1000 tons. The base portion 1 is further held in a stable posture with respect to the foundation portion 3 by the load of the flange portion 13.

Further, the lower concrete caisson 10B and the middle concrete caisson 10C shown in FIG. 3 are provided with a plurality of vertical walls 14 inside the peripheral wall portion 11 to partition the internal space of the concrete caisson 10 into a plurality of compartments 15. .. These concrete caissons 10B and 10C are located on the plurality of vertical walls 14 and are located inside the peripheral wall portion 11, and mount the concrete caissons 10 arranged in the upper stage. As shown by the chain line in the figure, the weight of these concrete caissons 10B and 10C can also be adjusted as a weight portion by filling each compartment 15 with a weight such as a granular weight. Further, in the concrete caissons 10B and 10C shown in the figure, an opening window 16 is provided in the peripheral wall portion 11 and an opening window 17 is also provided in the vertical wall 14. The concrete caissons 10B and 10C also communicate the internal space to the outside through these opening windows 16 and 17, and serve as a fish reef through which organisms living in the sea can enter and exit.

Further, FIG. 4 shows the offshore wind power generation device 300 according to the third embodiment. In the offshore wind power generator 300 shown in this figure, the base portion 1 includes a one-stage concrete caisson 10. In the base portion 1 shown in the figure, the height of the concrete caisson 10 is about 20 m, and the upper region inside the peripheral wall portion 11 of the concrete caisson 10 is the accommodating portion 6. In the concrete caisson 10 shown in the figure, the intermediate plate 36 is arranged with the bottom surface of the accommodating portion 6 at a depth of 10 m from the upper end of the peripheral wall portion 11. The concrete plate 18 described above can be used for the intermediate plate 36. As shown in FIG. 4, the base portion 1 of this structure can be installed in a sea area having a water depth of about 30 m, and the bottom plate (intermediate plate 36 in the figure) of the accommodating portion 6 can be arranged at a position 20 m below the sea surface. .. Therefore, the tower portion 2 can be reliably arranged at a predetermined depth so that the lower end of the tower portion 2 is located at a depth of 20 m below the sea surface.

The concrete caisson 10 shown in the figure includes a tubular peripheral wall portion 11 that forms an outer peripheral surface and a bottom plate portion 12 that closes the lower end opening of the peripheral wall portion 11, and the lower end of the peripheral wall portion 11 is in the outer peripheral direction. The flange portion 13 protruding from the concrete is integrally molded and provided. Further, the concrete caisson 10 shown in the figure includes a plurality of vertical walls 14 inside the peripheral wall portion 11 for partitioning the internal space of the concrete caisson 10 into a plurality of compartments 15. The plurality of vertical walls 14 have a height up to the intermediate portion of the peripheral wall portion 11, and the portion above the intermediate portion of the peripheral wall portion 11 is a housing portion 6 for accommodating the lower end portion of the tower portion 2. That is, in this concrete caisson 10, the upper part of the peripheral wall portion 11 is the accommodating wall 5, and the inside of the upper part of the peripheral wall portion 11 is the accommodating portion 6. In the concrete caisson 10 in the figure, the weight portion 35 is formed with the lower end portion inside the peripheral wall portion 11 as a solid. The weight of the concrete caisson 10 is adjusted as a weight portion 35 by filling each compartment 15 with a weight such as a granular weight. However, the concrete caisson does not necessarily have to use the internal space as a weight, and can be used as a fish reef by providing an opening window.

The base portion 1 of the offshore wind turbine generators 100, 200, and 300 according to the above embodiment has a rectangular plane shape and a square shape as shown in FIG. However, in the offshore wind power generator, the plane shape of the base portion is not specified as a square shape, but may be a polygonal shape, a circular shape, an elliptical shape, or the like. FIG. 5 shows an example of the offshore wind power generation device 400 according to the fourth embodiment in which the plane shape of the base portion 1 is a circular shape. The offshore wind power generation device 400 shown in the figure has concrete caissons 10A and 10B stacked in two upper and lower stages in the same manner as the offshore wind power generation device 100 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. In the base portion 1 having a circular planar shape, the cylindrical peripheral wall portion 11 of the upper concrete caisson 10A is used as an accommodating wall 5 having a radius of 10 m to 20 m, the inside thereof is used as an accommodating portion 6, and the peripheral wall portion of the lower concrete caisson 10B. 11 can be cylindrical with a radius of 15 m to 30 m. The concrete caisson 10B also has a flange portion 13 projecting in the outer peripheral direction at the lower end, and a plurality of vertical walls 14 provided inside the peripheral wall portion 11 to divide the internal space into a plurality of compartments 15. .. As described above, the base portion 1 having a circular shape in a plane shape has a feature that the force can be released without directionality against a lateral load due to a wave or a tidal current.

In the above embodiment, each dimension of the concrete caisson 10 constituting the base portion 1 is an example for making the configuration of the base portion in the offshore wind power generation device of the present invention easy to understand, and each of the embodiments in the present invention. It does not specify each dimension of the form. Needless to say, in the present invention, each dimension of the concrete caisson 10 constituting the base portion 1 of each embodiment can be changed in various ways.

In the base portion 1 described above, the upper surface position of the granular weight 7 to be filled inside the accommodating portion 6 is 5 m to 15 m below the sea surface, preferably 5 m to 10 m. By setting the upper surface position of the granular weight 7 to the above range, sunlight reaches the upper surface of the granular weight 7, so that aquatic plants such as seaweed and seaweed can be propagated on the granular weight 7. As a result, the inner region of the accommodating portion 6 can be utilized as a seaweed bed.

(Granular weight 7)
The granular weight 7 loaded on the concrete block 22 arranged in the accommodating portion 7 and filled in the accommodating portion is a weight formed in a granular shape having a predetermined size, for example, sand, gravel, or crushed stone. , Slag, etc. can be used. In particular, when the granular weight is used as slag, the manufacturing cost can be reduced while effectively utilizing the slag generated in a large amount as waste.

The outer diameter of the granular weight is 75 mm or less, preferably 50 mm or less. The granular weight 7 is made of sand, gravel, crushed stone, or slag. In particular, the crushed stone or slag has the above outer diameter, so that the accommodating portion 6 can be easily filled. Further, when removing the granular weight, it can be efficiently sucked and removed by using a suction device such as a suction or a submersible sand pump. In particular, the suction device can easily suck and transport even granular gravel, crushed stone, slag, etc. having an outer diameter of several cm by transporting the slurry by a water transport method.

(Tower 2)
The tower portion 2 is constructed in a tower shape by assembling a steel frame 23, and the lower end is arranged below the sea surface and the upper end is arranged so as to project offshore. The tower portion 2 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 is provided at a tower main body 20 which is a steel tower in which a plurality of steel frames 23 are assembled, a platform 21 provided at the upper end of the tower main body 20, and a lower end of the tower main body 20. It is provided with a concrete block 22. The tower portion 2 extending from below the sea surface to above the sea has a concrete block 22 fixed to the lower end of the flooded portion arranged in the sea, and the platform 21 is fixed to the upper end of the protruding portion protruding above the sea surface. doing.

The tower portion 2 is arranged so that the lower end is arranged at a water depth of 15 m to 20 m below the sea surface and the platform 21 at the upper end is projected from the sea surface by 5 m to 10 m. Therefore, the height of the tower portion 2 is 25 m to 35 m, for example, about 30 m. In the offshore wind power generation device of the present invention, the tower portion 2 can be arranged at a predetermined position with respect to the sea surface position by changing the height of the base portion 1 according to the water depth of the sea area to be installed. Therefore, even when the towers are installed in sea areas having different water depths, the tower portions 2 can be mass-produced with the same size, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced. For example, in an offshore wind power generator having a tower portion height of 30 m, a platform portion 1 having a height capable of arranging the lower end of the tower portion 2 at a water depth of 20 m is used, and a platform provided at the upper end of the tower portion is provided. Is placed at a height of 10 m above sea level. That is, in the tower portion 2 having a height of 30 m, the upper 10 m is projected above the sea surface, the middle 10 m is arranged from the sea surface into the sea, and the lower end 10 m is arranged in the accommodating portion 6 of the base portion 1. , Buried in the granular weight 7.

For offshore wind power generators, the height of the base portion 1 is determined by the depth of the sea area in which it is installed. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, in a sea area where the water depth is 30 m, the height from the seabed to the upper end of the accommodating wall 5 is about 20 m, and the bottom surface of the accommodating portion 6 is arranged at a depth of 20 m below the sea surface. Further, as shown in FIG. 1, in a sea area where the water depth is 40 m, the height from the seabed to the upper end of the accommodating wall 5 is set to about 30 m, and the bottom surface of the accommodating portion 6 is arranged at a depth of 20 m below the sea surface. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 3, in the sea area where the water depth is 50 m, the height from the seabed to the upper end of the accommodating wall 5 is about 40 m, and the bottom surface of the accommodating portion 6 is arranged at a depth of 20 m below the sea surface. ..

(Tower body 20)
The tower body 20 has a height of about 30 m, is provided with a horizontal platform 21 at the upper end thereof, and a concrete block 22 is embedded and fixed at the lower end thereof. The concrete block 22 has a plate shape and is formed in a state where the lower end portion of the tower main body 20 is embedded. Although not shown, the lower end of the tower body 20 is integrally manufactured by inserting a part of the steel frame 23 as an anchor rod into the concrete block 22. The tower body 20 is firmly fixed to the concrete block 22 so as not to fall down, for example, by insert-molding an anchor rod connected to the lower end in a horizontal posture into the concrete block 22.

The tower body 20 is formed in a tower shape by combining a large number of steel frames 23. The tower body 20 shown in FIG. 2 has a quadrangular pyramid shape having a square cross-sectional shape, and is a jacket type having a shape in which the cross-sectional area gradually decreases from the lower end to the upper end. The tower body 20 having this shape can be arranged so as to fit inside the accommodating wall 5 provided in the base portion 1 by setting the outer shape of the concrete block fixed to the lower end to 15 m × 15 m to 20 m × 20 m. Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the tower main body 20 may be a truss tower having a regular triangular shape in a plan view. The tower body 20 having this structure can increase the strength against twisting when it receives a transverse wave or a transverse wind.

(Concrete block 22)
The concrete block 22 is integrally molded with the tower main body 20 in a state where the lower end portion of the tower main body 20 formed of the steel frame 23 is embedded. The concrete block 22 is formed into a flat plate shape, and has an outer shape that fits inside the accommodating wall 5 of the base portion 1. Since the accommodation wall 5 shown in FIG. 2 has a square shape in a plan view, the outer shape of the concrete block 22 has a square shape. Further, since the accommodation wall 5 shown in FIG. 4 has a circular shape in a plan view, the outer shape of the concrete block 22 has a circular shape. Further, the concrete block 22 is sized so that it can be accommodated along the inside of the accommodating wall 5. That is, the concrete block 22 is formed so that the outer diameter is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the peripheral wall so that the concrete block 22 can be accommodated along the inside of the accommodating wall 5. The thickness of these concrete blocks 22 can be several tens of cm to several m, preferably 1 m to 2 m, and the tower body 20 can be supported by the weight of the concrete block 22 itself. Further, by making the concrete block 22 thicker, the strength to withstand the load of the granular weight 7 loaded on the concrete block 22 is realized.

The tower portion 2 is arranged inside the accommodating wall 5 whose lower end portion including the concrete block 22 fixed to the lower end is provided on the base portion 1. The concrete block 22 is arranged inside the accommodating wall 5 in a fitting structure to prevent lateral displacement. Further, by loading the granular weight 7 on the concrete block 22 arranged at the bottom of the accommodating portion 6 and filling the inside of the accommodating portion 6 with a large amount of the granular weight 7, the weight of the granular weight 7 is put into a fixed position. The tower portion 2 erected on the base portion 1 is held in a vertical posture via the fixed concrete block 22.

(Platform 21)
The platform 21 is an installation table for arranging the wind power generator 4 at a predetermined position on the ocean, and is fixed in a horizontal posture to the upper end of the tower portion 2 arranged so that the upper end portion protrudes offshore. There is. The wind power generator 4 is installed on the upper surface of the platform 21 arranged in the horizontal posture. Further, in addition to the wind power generator 30, the platform can also be equipped with various monitoring devices and various observation devices. Examples of such a device include a bird radar, a surveillance camera, a weather radar for meteorological observation, and a wind condition observation aircraft such as an anemometer, anemometer, and a wind meter.

(Wind power generator 4)
As shown in FIG. 2, the wind power generator 4 houses a plurality of blades 41 that receive wind power and rotate, a generator 42 that converts the kinetic energy of the rotating blades 41 into electrical energy, and a generator 42. The nacelle 43 and the tower 44 for arranging the nacelle 43 at a predetermined height are provided. The base of the tower 44 of the wind power generator 4 is fixed to the upper surface of the platform 21, and the wind power generator 4 is arranged in a predetermined posture at sea.

The offshore wind power generator 100 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is manufactured by the following steps shown in FIGS. 6 to 8.
[Base manufacturing process]
In this process, the base portion 1 which is the base for supporting the tower portion 2 is manufactured. The base portion 1 is formed of concrete in a shape having a columnar outer shape. A tubular accommodating wall 5 is provided at the upper end of the base portion 1, and a bottomed accommodating portion 6 opened upward inside the accommodating wall 5 is formed.
In the base portion 1 composed of the concrete caisson 10, the concrete caisson 10 having a predetermined shape and size is manufactured on land. The manufactured concrete caisson 10 is transported to the installation sea area by ship and then installed on the seabed.

[Tower manufacturing process]
In this step, the tower portion 2 including the tower main body 20, the platform 21, and the concrete block 22 is manufactured. The tower body 20 is constructed by assembling a plurality of steel frames into a predetermined shape. The platform 21 is formed at the upper end of the tower body 20. The concrete block 22 is integrally formed in a state in which the lower end portion of the tower main body 20 is embedded, and preferably in a state in which an anchor rod connected in a horizontal posture is embedded in the lower end portion of the tower main body 20. The concrete block 22 has a flat plate shape, preferably has an outer diameter along the inside of the accommodating wall 5 of the base portion 1, has an outer diameter slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the accommodating wall 5, and has a predetermined thickness. Manufactured to be After being manufactured at the factory, the tower portion 2 is transported to the installation sea area by ship, suspended by a crane, and installed at sea.

[Foundation formation process]
As shown in FIG. 6A, a large number of rubble 32s are spread over an arbitrary region of the sea bottom 50 where an offshore wind power generator is installed to form a foundation rubble layer 31 having a predetermined height. To do. In the foundation rubble layer 31, the upper surface of the central portion is leveled in a horizontal plane, and the outer peripheral portion is inclined downward toward the outside. After that, as shown in FIG. 6B, an asphalt mat 33A is laid on the upper surface of the foundation rubble layer 31 as a covering member 33 to cover the entire upper surface of the foundation rubble layer 31.

[Base installation process],
The base portion 1 is placed on the upper surface of the foundation portion 3 formed in the foundation portion forming step and placed below the sea surface. First, as shown in FIG. 6C, the lower concrete caisson 10B is placed on the upper surface of the foundation portion. After that, the concrete plate 18 is arranged as a top plate on the upper surface of the plurality of vertical walls 14 provided on the concrete caisson 10B and inside the peripheral wall portion 11. Further, as shown in FIG. 7D, an asphalt mat 37 is laid on the upper surface of the concrete plate 18.

Further, as shown by FIG. 7 (E), the upper concrete caisson 10A is placed on the lower concrete caisson 10B. The upper concrete caisson 10A is inside the peripheral wall portion 11 of the lower concrete caisson 10B, and is arranged on the upper surface of the asphalt mat 37 laid on the upper surface.

[Tower installation process]
The tower portion 2 is placed on the base portion 1 installed below the sea surface in the base portion installation process. In this step, first, as shown in FIG. 8 (F), the tower portion 2 is suspended by a crane (not shown), and the lower portion of the tower portion 2 is submerged in the sea to form the accommodating portion 6 of the base portion 1. The concrete block 22 that is housed and provided at the lower end of the tower part 2 is arranged at the bottom of the house part 6.

Further, as shown in FIG. 8 (G), the granular weight 7 is loaded on the concrete block 2 arranged at the bottom of the accommodating portion 6. The granular weight 7 is crushed stone, slag, gravel, or sand having a predetermined size, and is filled in the accommodating portion 6 by pouring it through the upper end opening of the accommodating portion 6. Due to the load of the large amount of granular weights 7 filled in the accommodating portion 6, the lower end portion of the tower portion 2 is held on the upper portion of the base portion 1, and the tower portion 2 is held in the vertical posture. The tower portion 2 fixed to the upper portion of the base portion 1 as described above is arranged so that the upper end portion protrudes above the sea surface.

[Generator installation process]
As shown in FIG. 1, the wind power generator 4 is installed and fixed on the platform 21 arranged on the sea surface in the tower section installation process.

For offshore wind power generators installed offshore, as mentioned above, when installing on the base or tower, which has a square outer shape in plan view, the direction should be determined in consideration of the direction of tsunami arrival in the installation sea area. It is preferable to adjust. The direction of arrival of the tsunami in the sea area where the offshore wind power generator is installed is statistically known. Therefore, in the base portion 1 having a polygonal shape in the plan view, as shown in FIG. 9, the base portion 1 is arranged so that the vertices of the base portion 1 in the plan view face each other with respect to the arrival direction of the tsunami. , The side surface of the base portion 1 is arranged in an intersecting posture with respect to the traveling direction of the tsunami. Here, FIG. 9 shows an example in which the outer shape of the base portion 1 and the tower portion 2 of the offshore wind power generator 100 in a plan view is square, and the traveling direction of the push wave due to the tsunami is indicated by a solid arrow. The direction of travel of the pulling wave is indicated by the arrow of the chain line. As described above, the structure in which the side surfaces of the base portion 1 and the tower portion 2 are arranged in an inclined posture with respect to the traveling direction of the tsunami can disperse the force without receiving the tsunami in the direction perpendicular to the side surfaces. In particular, offshore wind turbines equipped with a base and tower that have a square shape in a plan view can most effectively load the load from the tsunami by arranging the diagonal lines of the square so that they are parallel to the direction of travel of the tsunami. It can be suppressed to protect offshore wind turbines.

As described above, the offshore wind power generator of the present invention realizes a hybrid structure utilizing the advantages of each by combining the concrete base portion 1 and the tower portion 2 assembled of the steel frame 23, and realizes the offshore wind power generation device. Ideal features can be realized as a power generation device. For example, the concrete base 1 has a long service life of 75 to 100 years, whereas the steel tower 2 has a useful life of about 25 years, which is relative to the base 1. It becomes shorter. Therefore, in order to maintain the wind power generation device even after the useful life of the tower portion 2 has expired, it is necessary to replace the tower portion 2. In such a case, since the offshore wind power generator of the present invention has a structure in which the tower portion 2 is supported via a large amount of granular weights 7, the tower portion 2 can be replaced easily and at low cost. In the offshore wind power generator of the present invention, the concrete base portion can be reused and only the tower portion can be replaced. Therefore, the tower portion 2 should be replaced 2-3 times for one base portion. Therefore, it is possible to increase the economic efficiency in the long-term span.

Hereinafter, a method of replacing the tower portion in the offshore wind power generation device of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 10 and 11.
[Removal process]
In this step, the granular weight 7 filled in the accommodating portion 6 of the base portion 1 to which the tower portion 2 to be replaced is fixed is removed. In this removal step, as shown in FIG. 10A, by using a suction device 38 such as a suction or a submersible sand pump, the granular weight 7 is slurry-transported by a water transport method and easily sucked. Can be removed.

[Tower removal process]
When the granular weight 7 is removed from the accommodating portion 6 of the base portion 1 by the removing step, the tower portion is taken out from the accommodating portion 6 as shown in FIG. 10B. The tower portion 2 is lifted by a crane and taken out from the accommodating portion 6.

[Tower installation process]
Further, the new tower portion 2 is installed on the base portion 1 from which the old tower portion has been removed. As shown in FIG. 11 (C), the new tower portion 2 is suspended by a crane (not shown), the lower part of the tower portion 2 is submerged in the sea, and the tower portion 2 is accommodated in the accommodating portion 6 of the base portion 1. The concrete block 22 provided at the lower end of 2 is arranged at the bottom of the accommodating portion 6. Further, as shown in FIG. 11D, the granular weight 7 is loaded on the concrete block 22 arranged at the bottom of the accommodating portion 6. The granular weight 7 is crushed stone, slag, gravel, or sand having a predetermined size, and is filled in the accommodating portion 6 by pouring it through the upper end opening of the accommodating portion 6.

The landing type offshore wind power generation device of the present invention can be suitably installed even in sea areas having different water depths as a wind power generation device in which a wind power generator is arranged offshore.

100, 200, 300, 400 ... Offshore wind power generator 1 ... Base part 2 ... Tower part 3 ... Foundation part 4 ... Wind power generator 5 ... Accommodation wall 6 ... Accommodation part 7 ... Granular weights 10, 10A, 10B, 10C ... Concrete Caisson 11 ... Peripheral wall part 12 ... Bottom plate part 13 ... Flange part 14 ... Vertical wall 15 ... Section room 16 ... Opening window 17 ... Opening window 18 ... Concrete plate 19 ... Reinforcing rib 20 ... Tower body 21 ... Platform 22 ... Concrete block 23 ... Steel frame 31 ... Foundation rubble layer 32 ... rubble 33 ... Covering member 33A ... Asphalt mat 35 ... Weight 36 ... Intermediate plate 37 ... Asphalt mat 38 ... Suction device 41 ... Blade 42 ... Generator 43 ... Nasser 44 ... Tower 50 ... Sea bottom

Claims (15)

It is a landing type offshore wind power generator with a wind power generator installed offshore.
The foundation, which is installed on the seabed and the top surface is leveled horizontally,
A base portion that is made of concrete in a columnar shape and is placed on the upper surface of the foundation portion and placed below the sea surface.
A tower constructed by assembling a plurality of steel frames into a tower shape, with the lower end placed below the sea surface and placed on the base, and the upper end placed above the sea surface with a platform at the upper end. Department and
A wind power generator installed on the platform to generate wind power,
With
The base is
A tubular accommodating wall having a predetermined height is provided at the upper end portion thereof, and a bottomed accommodating portion opened upward is provided inside the accommodating wall.
The tower part
It is equipped with a concrete block in which the lower end of the tower body formed of the steel frame is embedded.
The concrete block has an outer shape that fits inside the accommodating wall of the base portion.
Further, the granular weight is loaded on the concrete block arranged at the bottom of the accommodating portion and filled in the accommodating portion, and the tower portion standing above the base portion is held in a vertical posture. A landing type offshore wind power generator characterized by becoming. The landing type offshore wind power generator according to claim 1.
A landing-type offshore wind turbine whose granular weight is any of sand, gravel, crushed stone, and slag. The landing type offshore wind power generator according to claim 2.
A landing type offshore wind power generator in which the upper surface position of the granular weight filled in the accommodating portion is 5 m to 15 m below the sea surface. The landing type offshore wind power generator according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
A landing type offshore wind power generator in which the base portion has a flange portion protruding in the outer peripheral direction at the lower end, and the lower surface of the flange portion is arranged in a surface contact state with respect to the upper surface of the foundation portion. The landing type offshore wind power generator according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
The base is provided with a plurality of concrete caissons loaded one above the other.
The concrete caisson placed at the top is
A tubular peripheral wall that forms the outer peripheral surface,
A bottom plate portion that closes the lower end opening of the peripheral wall portion is provided.
The peripheral wall portion is used as the accommodating wall, the inside of the peripheral wall portion is used as the accommodating portion, the lower end portion of the tower portion is arranged in the accommodating portion, and the tower portion is erected at a fixed position of the base portion. Floor-type offshore wind farm. The landing type offshore wind power generator according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
The base is provided with a plurality of concrete caissons loaded one above the other.
The concrete caisson placed in the lower row
A tubular peripheral wall that forms the outer peripheral surface,
It is provided with a bottom plate portion that closes the lower end opening of the peripheral wall portion and a plurality of vertical walls provided inside the peripheral wall portion that partition the internal space of the concrete caisson into a plurality of compartments.
A landing-type offshore wind turbine generator on a plurality of the vertical walls, located inside the peripheral wall portion, and on which a concrete caisson arranged in the upper stage is placed. The landing type offshore wind power generator according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
The base is provided with a plurality of concrete caissons loaded one above the other.
The concrete caisson placed in the lower row
A tubular peripheral wall that forms the outer peripheral surface,
A hollow portion is provided inside with a bottom plate portion that closes the lower end opening of the peripheral wall portion.
A landing-type offshore wind turbine generator in which the peripheral wall portion has an opening window and the internal space of the concrete caisson is communicated to the outside through the opening window. The landing type offshore wind power generator according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
The base is
A tubular peripheral wall that forms the outer peripheral surface,
It is composed of a concrete caisson having a bottom plate portion that closes the lower end opening of the peripheral wall portion.
The concrete caisson
A weight portion is formed with the lower end portion inside the peripheral wall portion as a solid, and the weight portion is formed.
The upper part of the peripheral wall portion is used as the accommodating wall, the upper part inside the peripheral wall portion is used as the accommodating portion, the lower end portion of the tower portion is arranged in the accommodating portion, and the tower portion is erected at a fixed position of the base portion. A landing type offshore wind power generator. The landing type offshore wind power generator according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
A landing-type offshore wind turbine generator having a rectangular outer shape in a plan view of the peripheral wall portion of the base portion. The landing type offshore wind power generator according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
A landing-type offshore wind turbine having a circular outer shape in a plan view of the peripheral wall portion of the base portion.
According to the above configuration, by making the plan view of the base portion circular, it is possible to allow the tidal current to act on the base portion in a non-directional manner and pass it off. The landing type offshore wind power generator according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
The foundation
A foundation rubble layer with a large number of rubble laid on the seabed and the upper surface leveled flat,
A landing-type offshore wind turbine generator including a covering member arranged on the upper surface of the foundation rubble layer. The method for replacing the tower portion of the landing type offshore wind power generator according to any one of claims 1 to 11.
A removal step of removing the granular weight filled in the accommodating portion of the base portion, and
A tower section taking-out step of taking out the tower section from the accommodating section from which the granular weight has been removed,
A concrete block provided at the lower end of the tower portion to be newly installed is arranged in the accommodating portion from which the tower portion has been taken out in the tower portion taking-out step, and the concrete block arranged at the bottom of the accommodating portion. A method for exchanging a tower portion of a landing-type offshore wind power generator, which comprises a tower portion installation step of loading a granular weight on the concrete weight and filling the inside of the accommodating wall portion. The method for replacing the tower portion of the landing type offshore wind power generator according to claim 12.
The granular weight is any of sand, gravel, crushed stone, and slag.
In the removal step
A method for replacing a tower portion of a landing-type offshore wind power generator, which comprises sucking and removing the granular weight from the inside of the accommodating wall portion by using a suction device. It is a manufacturing method of a landing type offshore wind power generator in which a wind power generator is installed at sea.
A base for manufacturing a base portion which is formed of concrete in a columnar shape and has a tubular accommodating wall at the upper end thereof and has a bottomed accommodating portion opened upward inside the accommodating wall. Department manufacturing process and
A tower body constructed by assembling a plurality of steel frames, a platform provided at the upper end of the tower body, and a concrete block formed in an outer shape that fits in the accommodation wall by burying the lower end portion of the tower body. The tower section manufacturing process that manufactures the tower section to be equipped,
A foundation part forming process that forms a foundation part whose upper surface is leveled horizontally on the seabed,
A base portion installation step of placing the base portion on the upper surface of the foundation portion formed in the foundation portion forming step and arranging the base portion below the sea surface.
A tower portion installation step in which the tower portion is placed on the base portion installed below the sea surface in the base portion installation step and the upper portion of the tower portion is arranged on the sea surface.
Including the generator installation process of installing the wind power generator on the platform placed on the sea surface in the tower section installation process.
In the tower section installation process
The concrete block provided at the lower end of the tower portion is arranged at the bottom of the accommodating portion of the base portion, and a granular weight is loaded on the concrete block arranged in the accommodating portion to load the accommodating portion. A method for manufacturing a landing-type offshore wind turbine generator, which comprises filling the inside of a concrete masonry unit and holding the tower portion erected above the base portion in a vertical position. The method for installing a landing-type offshore wind turbine according to claim 15.
The base portion has a polygonal shape in a plan view.
In the base installation process
The base portion is arranged so that the apex in the plan view of the base portion faces the arrival side of the tsunami in the sea area where the base portion is installed, and the side surface of the base portion is oriented with respect to the traveling direction of the tsunami. A method of installing a landing-type offshore wind turbine, which is characterized by being arranged in a crossing posture.

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