JP2021022280A - Person-to-person money transfer method, device, and program - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a person-to-person money transfer method capable of facilitating receipt of cash.SOLUTION: A person-to-person money transfer method includes: a step (S301) of receiving data related to a withdrawal request from a terminal used by a recipient of cash; a step (S305) of selecting a candidate of a cash sender based on data related to the received withdrawal request, creating data related to the withdrawal request, and transmitting data related to the created withdrawal request to a terminal used by the candidate of the cash sender; a step (S306) of receiving data related to a reply to the withdrawal request from the terminal used by the candidate of the cash sender; and a step (S308) of determining the cash sender based on data related to the reply to the received withdrawal request to transmit data related to a point of contact of the determined cash sender to a terminal used by the recipient of the cash.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

The present invention relates to an inter-individual remittance method, and more particularly to an inter-individual remittance method using a terminal.

Conventionally, when an individual needs cash, for example, in order to withdraw cash from his / her account, he / she can manually use a cash machine at a financial institution, or an automated teller machine installed in a bank or a convenience store. I get cash by using a cash dispenser or a cash dispenser.

In addition, a cash-out system is known in which cash is withdrawn using a user's smartphone, an automatic ticket vending machine installed in a station yard, an automatic payment machine installed in a hospital, or the like. (See, for example, Patent Document 1 (pages 7-10, FIG. 1)).

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2019-036169

However, there is a problem that the number of automatic teller machines, cash dispensers, automatic ticket vending machines, automatic teller machines, etc. is decreasing due to, for example, high maintenance costs or the development of the Internet society. ..

Individuals who need cash need to find a place where a device that can withdraw cash is installed and go to the place where it is installed, and there is also a problem that it takes time and effort to obtain cash. ..

The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an inter-personal remittance method, a device and a program capable of facilitating the receipt of cash.

To achieve such an object, one aspect of the invention is an interpersonal transfer method performed by a computing device, the data relating to a withdrawal request from a first terminal used by a cash recipient. Based on the step of receiving the data and the data related to the received withdrawal request, the candidate for the cash sender is selected, the data related to the withdrawal request is created, and the data related to the created withdrawal request is used by the candidate cash sender. Determine the sender of cash based on the steps to send to the second terminal to be used, the step to receive data on the response to the withdrawal request from the second terminal, and the data on the response to the received withdrawal request. It includes a step of transmitting data regarding the contact information of the determined cash sender to the first terminal.

Another aspect of the present invention is an interpersonal money transfer device, which is based on means for receiving data on a withdrawal request from a first terminal used by a cash recipient and data on the received withdrawal request. A means of selecting a candidate for a cash sender, creating data on a withdrawal request, and transmitting the created data on a withdrawal request to a second terminal used by a candidate for a cash sender, and from the second terminal. The cash sender is determined based on the means for receiving the data regarding the response to the withdrawal request and the data regarding the response to the received withdrawal request, and the information regarding the contact information of the determined cash sender is sent to the first terminal. It is provided with a means for displaying.

According to the present invention, it is possible to receive cash without using an existing financial network, regardless of where a device capable of withdrawing cash is installed.

It is a block diagram which shows the system which realizes the remittance between individuals which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the remittance apparatus between individuals which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the remittance method between individuals which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the remittance method between individuals which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the situation in which the remittance between individuals which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention is realized.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a system for realizing remittance between individuals according to an embodiment of the present invention. A computing device, an interpersonal remittance device 101, used by a third-party escrow operator, a terminal, a smartphone 102, used by a cash recipient, and a terminal used by a cash sender. A smartphone 103 is connected to the Internet 104, which is a communication line.

The interpersonal remittance device 101 receives, for example, a cash withdrawal request from a smartphone 102 used by a cash recipient who wishes to withdraw. Next, the interpersonal remittance device 101 determines the sender of the cash to be handed the cash. Therefore, the cash recipient will be able to receive cash from the cash sender. Details will be described later with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.

The smartphone 102, for example, sends a cash withdrawal request to the interpersonal remittance device 101, receives the contact information of the cash sender, and receives a receipt completion report indicating that the cash has been received from the cash sender. And so on. Details will be described later with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.

The smartphone 103 receives, for example, a cash withdrawal request requesting the handing over of cash to the interpersonal remittance device 101, sends a response to the cash withdrawal request, and sends cash to the cash recipient. Send a handing completion report indicating that you have handed it. Details will be described later with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.

For the purpose of explanation, only one smartphone 103 is shown, but if there are a plurality of cash senders or multiple candidates for cash senders, it is assumed that there are a plurality of smartphones corresponding to the smartphone 103. be able to.

Although not described in detail, it is assumed that the smartphone 102 and the smartphone 103 are pre-installed with the application software necessary for processing the interpersonal remittance according to the present invention. As an alternative, the smartphone 102 and the smartphone 103 can be, for example, another computing device, an information device dedicated to processing interpersonal remittance according to the present invention, or the like.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an inter-personal remittance device according to an embodiment of the present invention. The interpersonal money transfer device 101 includes a central processing unit 201 that controls each block, a main storage device 202 that temporarily stores programs and data, a secondary storage device 203 that permanently stores programs and data, and a user. The input device 204 that processes the input of data from, the output device 205 that processes the output of data to the user, and the communication control device 206 that processes the connection to the Internet are connected to each other via the bus 207. ing.

The central processing unit 201 receives, for example, a cash withdrawal request from the smartphone 102 from the Internet via the communication control device 206. Next, the central processing unit 201 reads the program and data from the secondary storage device 203 to the main storage device 202, and executes a process for realizing remittance between individuals. Therefore, the cash recipient will be able to receive cash from the cash sender.

In one embodiment of the specification, for purposes of explanation, the secondary storage device 203 is built into the interpersonal remittance device 101, which is a computing device. However, the secondary storage device 203 may be, for example, external storage, or a combination of internal and external storage, and may be one or two or more. Further, the central processing unit 201 may be, for example, a single processor or a multiprocessor.

Such a configuration provides an interpersonal remittance device capable of facilitating the receipt of cash.

3 and 4 are flowcharts showing a method of remittance between individuals according to an embodiment of the present invention. The process of the present embodiment is started when the cash recipient uses the smartphone 102 to send a cash withdrawal request to the interpersonal remittance device 101.

It is assumed that the cash recipient and sender are members of a service related to prepaid cards that can be used to pay for goods and the like. It is assumed that the business operator using the interpersonal remittance device 101 can deposit both the value (property value) of the cash recipient and the sender. Here, the value (property value) is not limited to the value possessed by the above-mentioned prepaid card, and may be any value (property value) possessed by, for example, a credit card, a debit card, a virtual currency, Japanese yen, or a foreign currency.

Further, it is assumed that the cash recipient and sender have already registered as a member using the interpersonal remittance method of the present embodiment. Members who use the inter-personal remittance method of this embodiment, including cash recipients and senders, are allowed to provide data on the location information of their smartphones when inter-personal remittance is possible. Suppose there is.

For the purpose of explanation, it is assumed that the business operator using the inter-personal remittance device 101 has previously deposited a value equivalent to 1,000 yen or more of cash from the cash recipient.

In the inter-personal remittance device 101, the central processing unit 201 reads the program and data for realizing the inter-individual remittance from the secondary storage device 203 to the main storage device 202, and executes the inter-personal remittance process.

In step S301, the central processing unit 201 receives data regarding the cash withdrawal request from the smartphone 102 used by the cash recipient via the communication control device 206. Next, the process proceeds to step S302.

Data regarding the cash withdrawal request received includes, for example, an identifier that identifies the cash recipient, location information about the smartphone 102 used by the cash recipient, the amount desired by the cash recipient, fees, and time of receipt. Can include data about, location, etc. The receiving place may be anywhere as long as it is within the range of the service provided by the business operator using the personal remittance device 101, such as outdoors such as near the entrance / exit of a park or indoors such as inside a restaurant.

In addition, the data regarding the cash withdrawal request received includes, for example, data regarding the type of banknote or currency desired by the cash recipient, whether the banknote or currency wishes to be unused, and the like. be able to. The process of confirming whether the total amount of the desired banknotes or money matches the desired amount will not be described in detail, but may be executed on the personal remittance device 101 or on the smartphone 102. May be good.

In step S302, the central processing unit 201 determines whether or not the desired amount can be withdrawn from the data related to the cash withdrawal request received in step S301. The desired amount can be withdrawn as long as it is within the range of the value related to the cash recipient, which is deposited in advance by the business operator using the interpersonal remittance device 101. For example, if the desired amount of cash recipient is 900 yen and the desired fee is 100 yen, the cash recipient has deposited a value equivalent to 1,000 yen or more of cash in advance. Money is possible.

The process proceeds to step S303 if withdrawal is possible, and returns to step S301 if withdrawal is not possible.

In step S303, the central processing unit 201 performs a matching process of selecting a cash sender candidate that matches the received cash withdrawal request data from the members using the interpersonal remittance method of the present embodiment. Executes. Next, the process proceeds to step S304.

As an example, the inter-individual remittance device 101 is a smartphone used by a member when the member using the inter-individual remittance method of the present embodiment can perform inter-individual remittance, for example, when the application software according to the present invention is running. The data related to the position information of 103 is acquired. In the inter-personal remittance device 101, the present implementation is such that the position indicated by the location information of the smartphone 103 used by the member is within the range of the location indicated by the location information of the receiving location included in the data related to the cash withdrawal request. Members who use the form of personal remittance method are selected as candidates for cash senders. The range of the place indicated by the location information of the receiving place can be, for example, within a radius of 200m at the entrance / exit of the park, within 10m square on each side of the cash register of the restaurant, and the range is determined in advance for the receiving place. Can be left.

In step S304, the central processing unit 201 determines whether or not the matching performed in step S303 is successful. The process proceeds to step S305 if the matching is successful, and proceeds to step S311 if the matching is unsuccessful.

In step S311, the central processing unit 201 transmits data related to the notification of matching failure to the smartphone 102 used by the cash recipient via the communication control device 206, and the process ends. The matching failure notification data sent is notification data indicating that at this time, a cash sender that matches the data regarding the cash withdrawal request could not be selected.

In step S305, the central processing unit 201 creates data related to the cash withdrawal request for the smartphone 103 used by the candidate for the cash sender selected in step S303, and centrally processes the data via the communication control device 206. The device 201 transmits. Next, the process proceeds to step S306.

The data related to the cash withdrawal request to be sent includes, for example, an identifier that identifies a candidate cash sender corresponding to the data related to the cash withdrawal request, the amount desired by the cash recipient, the fee, and the time zone for receiving. It can include data about locations and the like. In addition, the data regarding the cash withdrawal request received shall be, for example, the type of banknote or currency desired by the cash recipient, and the banknote or currency corresponding to the data regarding the cash withdrawal request, unused. Can include data on whether or not you want.

Based on the receipt of data regarding a cash withdrawal request, data regarding the response to a cash withdrawal request indicating that a candidate cash sender can hand over cash if he / she wishes to hand it over. Is transmitted using the smartphone 103. If the candidate for the cash sender does not wish to hand over the cash, the smartphone 103 is used to transmit data regarding the response to the cash withdrawal request indicating that the cash cannot be handed over.

In step S306, the data related to the response to the cash withdrawal request is transmitted from the smartphone 103 used by the candidate cash sender who received the data related to the cash withdrawal request to the central processing unit 201 via the communication control device 206. Receives. Next, the process proceeds to step S307.

The data regarding the response to the cash withdrawal request received may simply be data indicating whether or not the cash can be handed over, for example, there is cash in the amount desired by the cash recipient, but cash. The data may indicate that the cash withdrawal request can be partially received, such as the fee requested by the recipient is not accepted.

In step S307, the central processing unit 201 determines whether the data regarding the response to the cash withdrawal request received in step S306 indicates that the candidate for the cash sender can hand over the cash. The process determines a candidate for a cash sender as a cash sender if handing is possible, proceeds to step S308, and returns to step S303 if handing is not possible.

In step S308, the central processing unit 201 transmits data regarding the contact information of the cash sender determined in step S307 to the smartphone 102 used by the cash recipient via the communication control device 206. Next, the process proceeds to step S401.

The data regarding the contact information of the cash sender to be transmitted may include, for example, an identifier that identifies the cash sender, data regarding the time and place where the cash is handed over, and the like. The data regarding the identifier that identifies the sender of cash can include, for example, data regarding a real name, a nickname, a face photograph, and the like.

Based on the receipt of data regarding the cash sender's contact information, the cash recipient displays information about the cash sender's contact information on the smartphone 102 used by the cash recipient to search for the cash sender. If the cash recipient can meet the cash sender, data indicating that the cash sender has been met is transmitted using the smartphone 102 used by the cash recipient.

In step S401, the central processing unit 201 receives data indicating that the cash sender has been met from the smartphone 102 used by the cash recipient via the communication control device 206. Next, the process proceeds to step S402.

Alternatively, the data indicating that the cash sender received may be met may be, for example, merely data relating to the location information of the cash recipient. When only the data regarding the cash recipient's location information is transmitted, the central processing apparatus 201 may, for example, match the position indicated by the cash recipient's location information with the cash sender's location information without error. Based on somehow, you can decide if you have met the cash sender.

In step S402, the central processing unit 201 transmits data regarding the QR code (registered trademark) necessary for withdrawing cash to the smartphone 102 used by the cash recipient via the communication control device 206. As an alternative, the transmitted QR code can use, for example, a code such as another matrix type two-dimensional code, a stack type two-dimensional code, or a barcode. Next, the process proceeds to step S403.

In response to the receipt of data regarding the QR code required for withdrawal of cash, the cash recipient displays the QR code based on the received data on the screen of the smartphone 102 used by the cash recipient. The QR code displayed on the screen of the smartphone 102 used by the cash recipient is read by the cash sender and by the smartphone 103 used by the cash sender. The smartphone 103 used by the cash sender transmits data regarding the reading result of the QR code.

In step S403, the central processing unit 201 receives the data related to the reading result from the smartphone 103 used by the sender of the cash via the communication control device 206. Next, the process proceeds to step S404.

Whether or not the data related to the QR code read by the smartphone 103 used by the cash sender in step S404 matches the data related to the QR code required for withdrawing the cash transmitted in step S402 is checked by the central processing unit 201. Is decided.

If they match, the central processing unit 201 transmits data indicating that the data related to the QR code has been successfully read to the smartphone 103 used by the cash sender via the communication control device 206. Next, the process proceeds to step S405. If they do not match, the process returns to step S402.

In response to the receipt of data indicating that the data related to the QR code has been successfully read, the cash sender hands the cash recipient the desired amount of cash of 900 yen. The cash sender who handed over 900 yen in cash sends the data of the handing completion report indicating that he has handed over 900 yen in cash from the smartphone 103 used by the cash sender from the smartphone 103 used by the cash sender. To do. The cash recipient who has received the cash of 900 yen transmits the data of the receipt completion report indicating that the cash of 900 yen has been received from the smartphone 102 used by the cash recipient.

In step S405, the central processing unit 201 receives the handing completion report data transmitted from the smartphone 103 used by the cash sender via the communication control device 206. Next, the process proceeds to step S406.

The handing completion report data sent may include data on the valuation of the cash recipient. The data regarding the evaluation of the cash recipient is stored in the secondary storage device 203 by the central processing unit 201. Data on the valuation of the cash recipient can be included in the data on the cash withdrawal request if the cash recipient wishes to receive the cash at the next opportunity. Data on the valuation of cash recipients can be used by the cash sender to refuse cash delivery to a low valuation cash recipient.

In step S406, the central processing unit 201 receives the receipt completion report data transmitted from the smartphone 102 used by the cash recipient via the communication control device 206. Next, the process proceeds to step S407.

The receipt completion report data sent may include data on the valuation of the cash sender. The data regarding the evaluation of the cash sender is stored in the secondary storage device 203 by the central processing unit 201. Data on valuation of cash senders
If the cash recipient wishes to receive cash at the next opportunity, it can be included in the data regarding the cash withdrawal request. Data on the valuation of cash senders can be used by cash recipients to exclude low-valuated cash senders from potential cash senders.

In step S407, the central processing unit 201 executes the processing of the value related to the delivery of cash to the cash recipient. For example, from the value equivalent to 1,000 yen or more of cash deposited in advance by the cash recipient to 1,000 yen of cash, which is the sum of 900 yen of cash received by the cash recipient and 100 yen of cash of the commission. Subtract the corresponding value. For example, of the value equivalent to 100 yen in cash of the commission, the value equivalent to 50 yen in cash is worth the reward received by the sender of the cash, and the value equivalent to the remaining 50 yen in cash is the individual. It is worth the fee received by the business operator using the interim transfer device 101. Next, the process proceeds to step S408.

In step S408, the central processing unit 201 executes the processing of the value related to the delivery of cash to the sender of cash. For example, out of the value corresponding to 1,000 yen in cash deducted in step S407, the value corresponding to 950 yen in cash is added to the value of the sender of cash. Of the value equivalent to 950 yen in cash, the value equivalent to 50 yen in cash is equivalent to the reward received by the sender of cash and equivalent to the fee of 100 yen subtracted from the value of the recipient of cash. It is included in the value to be paid.

Next, the business operator using the inter-personal remittance device 101 receives the value equivalent to the remaining cash of 50 yen from the value equivalent to the fee of 100 yen subtracted from the value of the cash recipient in step S407. , The process ends.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a situation in which remittance between individuals according to an embodiment of the present invention is realized. With reference to FIGS. 3 and 4, the exchange between the cash recipient and the cash sender is simply described. Next, with reference to FIG. 5, a case where there is a sender who has remitted the value to the cash recipient in advance will be described.

The member remittance 504 using the inter-individual remittance method of the present embodiment sends, for example, a remittance 521 of a value equivalent to 1,000 yen in cash to the member recipient 502 using the inter-individual remittance method of the present embodiment. To do.

The business operator 501 of the inter-individual remittance method of the present embodiment executes the process of subtracting 511 of the value corresponding to 1,000 yen in cash from the value of the sender 504 and adds it to the value of the recipient 502. The beneficiary 502 transmits a cash withdrawal request of 900 yen to the business operator 501 and 512.

Next, the business operator 501 executes the matching process of the present embodiment in response to the withdrawal request, and transmits the withdrawal request 513 to the sender 503 of the member who uses the interpersonal remittance method of the present embodiment. To do. Further, the business operator 501 transmits the contact information 512 of the sender 503 to the recipient 502.

Next, the sender 503 gives the recipient 502 a handing 522 of 900 yen in cash. Further, the sender 503 transmits the handing completion report 513.

Finally, the business operator 501 adds the value equivalent to 950 yen in cash to the value of the sender 503, and receives the value equivalent to 50 yen in cash of the balance.

Therefore, the recipient 502 can receive cash from the sender 503 who is not the sender 504 for the value transmitted from the sender 504.

In the present embodiment, the matching process of step S303 simply selects a candidate cash sender based on the location information. In another embodiment, if a candidate for cash sender is selected from members who have used the interpersonal remittance method multiple times, the cash sender stored in step S406 processed in the past is highly evaluated. Candidates for cash senders can be selected in order.

In another embodiment, the data relating to the cash withdrawal request transmitted in step S305 of the present embodiment may include valuation data for the cash recipient stored in step S405 previously processed. it can. Based on the receipt of data on cash withdrawal requests, including valuation data for cash recipients, potential cash senders can decide whether or not they wish to hand over cash.

In another embodiment, the data regarding the response to the cash withdrawal request received in step S306 of the present embodiment is, for example, the amount of cash desired by the cash recipient, but the cash recipient. If the data indicates that the desired fee is unacceptable, the interpersonal remittance device 101 can notify the cash recipient that the candidate cash sender did not accept the fee. The notified cash recipient can change the fee and again send the cash withdrawal request to the interpersonal remittance device 101.

In the present embodiment, in the matching process of step S303, a candidate for a cash sender is selected from the members who use the inter-individual remittance method. In another embodiment, cash sender candidates can include not only members but also, for example, automated teller machines, cash dispensers, ticket vending machines, automated teller machines, and the like.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, by matching cash senders who bring more cash than necessary, cash recipients can reduce the time and effort required to receive cash.

The present invention can realize the trading of goods in a cloud system using a smartphone in the field of escrow.

101 Personal remittance device 102 Smartphone 103 Smartphone

Claims (11)

A method of personal transfer performed by a computing device to facilitate the receipt of cash,
The step of receiving data about the withdrawal request from the first terminal used by the cash recipient, and
A cash sender candidate is selected based on the received withdrawal request data, data regarding a withdrawal request is created, and the created withdrawal request data is used by the cash sender candidate. Steps to send to 2 terminals and
The step of receiving data regarding the response to the withdrawal request from the second terminal, and
The feature is that the sender of cash is determined based on the data regarding the response to the received withdrawal request, and the data regarding the contact information of the determined cash sender is transmitted to the first terminal. How to transfer money between individuals. The value corresponding to the cash and the fee is subtracted from the value associated with the cash recipient, and the value of the cash and a part of the value of the fee are added to the value associated with the cash sender. The interpersonal remittance method according to claim 1, further comprising a step. A step of receiving data indicating that the cash sender has been met from the first terminal, and
In response to the receipt of data indicating that the sender of the cash has been met, a step of transmitting data relating to a code for withdrawing cash to the first terminal, and
A step of receiving data on a reading result for the cash withdrawal code from the second terminal, and
When the data regarding the transmitted code for withdrawal of cash and the data regarding the received reading result match, the data indicating that the code for withdrawing cash has been successfully read is transmitted to the second terminal. The interpersonal remittance method according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a step of transmitting to. The data related to the withdrawal request includes data related to the cash receiving place, and the step of transmitting the created data related to the withdrawal request to the second terminal used by the candidate cash sender is the second step. Claims 1 to 3 include the step of selecting as a candidate for the sender of cash when the position indicated by the data regarding the location information of the terminal is within the range of the location indicated by the data regarding the cash receiving location. The inter-personal remittance method described in any one of the items. The step of transmitting the created data regarding the withdrawal request to the second terminal used by the cash sender candidate is a step of selecting the cash sender candidate in descending order of evaluation by the previous cash recipient. The inter-personal remittance method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the method comprises. An interpersonal remittance device that facilitates the receipt of cash
A means of receiving data regarding withdrawal requests from a first terminal used by a cash recipient, and
A cash sender candidate is selected based on the received withdrawal request data, data regarding a withdrawal request is created, and the created withdrawal request data is used by the cash sender candidate. Means to send to 2 terminals and
A means for receiving data regarding a response to the withdrawal request from the second terminal, and
It is characterized by having a means for determining a cash sender based on the data regarding the response to the received withdrawal request and displaying information on the contact information of the determined cash sender on the first terminal. An interpersonal remittance device. The value corresponding to the cash and the fee is subtracted from the value associated with the cash recipient, and the value of the cash and a part of the value of the fee are added to the value associated with the cash sender. The interpersonal remittance device according to claim 6, further comprising means. A means for receiving data indicating that the cash sender has been met from the first terminal, and
A means for transmitting data relating to a code for withdrawing cash to the first terminal in response to receiving data indicating that the sender of the cash has been met.
A means for receiving data on a reading result for the cash withdrawal code from the second terminal, and
When the data regarding the transmitted code for withdrawal of cash and the data regarding the received reading result match, the second terminal provides information indicating that the code for withdrawing cash has been successfully read. The interpersonal remittance device according to claim 6 or 7, further comprising means for displaying the data. The data relating to the withdrawal request includes data relating to the cash receiving place, and the means for transmitting the created data relating to the withdrawal request to the second terminal used by the candidate for the sender of the cash is the second means. Claims 6 to 8 include means for selecting as a candidate for the sender of cash when the position indicated by the data regarding the location information of the terminal is within the range of the location indicated by the data regarding the cash receiving location. The interpersonal remittance device according to any one item. The means for transmitting the created withdrawal request data to the second terminal used by the cash sender candidate is a means for selecting the cash sender candidate in descending order of evaluation by the previous cash recipient. The interpersonal remittance device according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the inter-personal remittance device comprises. A program for causing a computing device to perform each step of the interpersonal remittance method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

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