JP2020527592A - 皮膚障害に対する光線力学的治療方法 - Google Patents
皮膚障害に対する光線力学的治療方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2017年7月17日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/533,558号及び2017年7月20日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/534,973号の利益を主張するものであり、これらの内容は、その全体が、参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
本明細書において使用される「座瘡」という用語は、毛嚢脂腺毛包(pilosebaceous follicles)及び/又は皮膚腺(skin glands)の炎症性疾患を表し、通常、丘疹、膿疱、嚢胞、結節、面皰、その他の染み(blemishes)又は皮膚病変によって特徴付けられる。
本発明は、熱と共に光線力学的療法(PDT)を用いて、皮膚の疾患又は障害を処置する方法を提供する。
本発明の方法によって処置される皮膚の疾患又は障害は、種々であり得る。特定の実施形態において、皮膚疾患又は障害は、がん性病変、前がん性病変又は座瘡である。処置されることができる皮膚の領域には、頭、顔、首、腕、脚(legs)及び胴、手及び足(feet)上の皮膚の一部が含まれる。特定の実施形態において、処置されるべき領域は、頭顔、首又はこれらの一部である。
熱は、あらゆる適切な熱送達装置によって、皮膚に投与される。皮膚は、きれいで、乾燥しているべきである。装置は、皮膚に直接適用するように構成されていてもよく、又は熱を間接的に与えるために構成されていてもよい。エネルギー源は、例えば、電気的、化学的、レーザー、マイクロ波(microwave)又は高周波(radiofrequency)であり得る。代表的な非限定的熱送達装置には、温熱パッド、温熱マスク、暖房器具又は赤外線ヒーターが含まれる。
本発明は、光増感剤の皮膚への適用を含み、光増感剤は、周囲の正常な組織中に蓄積するよりずっと高い程度まで、病変領域中に蓄積する。光増感剤が適切な用量の光で照射されると、活性化された光増感剤は、周囲の分子上酸素へそのエネルギーを渡して、光増感剤を保持していた細胞中に反応性酸素種(ROS)を生成する。適切な用量の光が使用されると、その結果は細胞死である。
ALAは、HCLなどの塩の形態で、又はアミド若しくはエステルなどの、薬学的に等価な形態で使用することができる。本明細書において使用される「ALA」という用語は、上記化合物の全てを表す。
本発明の一つの有利な特徴は、本発明が可能とする感光性剤の温置時間の短縮である。AKに関するPDTのFDAによる承認は、青色光への曝露前に、ALAとの14時間の温置を必要とする。もっとも、多くの臨床医にとって、これは、処置の延長された期間などの負担を生じる。
皮膚が加熱され、光感受性物質が適用された後、次いで、感光性剤を活性化するために、酸素の存在下で、適切な波長と十分なパワーの光を処置されるべき領域に照射して、反応性酸素種を生じさせる。これらの反応性酸素種は生体分子と反応し、処置領域中の細胞のいくつかに致命的な損傷を与える。
分、約15分〜約20分、約20分〜約25分、若しくは約25分〜約30分であり、若しくはこれより長い。
本発明は、上記した事前熱処置を有するPDTの他に、1つ以上の療法の同時投与を含む処置の方法を含む。本明細書において使用される「併用して」又は「同時投与」という用語は、1つより多い療法(例えば、2つ以上の予防剤及び/又は治療剤)の使用を表すために、互換的に使用されることができる。本用語の使用は、療法(例えば、予防剤及び/又は治療剤)が対象に投与される順序を制約しない。
炎症性及び嚢胞性座瘡の処置
合計6人の患者を処置した。約1時間、加温マスクを用いて、40℃で、病変領域を処置した後、10%ALAゲル及び630nmの赤色光37J/cm2を適用した。
四肢上の基底細胞癌の処置
結節性基底細胞癌を有する患者を処置した。39℃の温熱パッドで病変領域を処置した。掻爬せずに、それぞれを20%ALAゲルでも処置した。37J/cm2の青色光を410nmで当てた。
四肢上の基底細胞癌の処置
再発性の結節性及び浸潤性基底細胞癌を有する患者を処置した。40℃の温熱パッドで病変領域を処置した。それぞれを10%ALAゲルでも1時間処置した後、掻爬した。37J/cm2の630nmの赤色光を当てた。
頭皮上のBCCの処置
頭皮の浸潤性基底細胞癌を有する患者を処置した。40℃の温熱パッドを用いて、病変領域を加熱処置していた。20%のALA溶液を1時間適用した後、10J/cm2の417nmの青色光を当てた。
SCC−ISの処置
SCC−ISを有する患者を処置した。40℃の酢酸ナトリウム加温パッドで病変領域を熱処置した。20%のALA溶液を、20分間、それぞれに適用した。青色光を、10J/cm2に対して、417nmで当てた。
関連するSCCを伴う難治性播種性汗孔角化症の処置
関連するSCCを伴う難治性播種性汗孔角化症を有する患者。40℃の温熱パッドを用いて、病変領域を熱処置した。10%ALAゲルを1時間適用した。37J/cm2のエネルギー及び630nmの波長を有する赤色光を当てた。
光線性角化症の処置
光線性角化症を有する患者を処置した。40℃の加温マスクを用いて、病変領域に熱を加えた。20分の温置後、20%のALA溶液を適用した。次いで、光を当てた。
光線性角化症の処置
40℃の加温マスクを用いて、病変領域に熱を加えた。30分の温置後、20%のALA溶液を適用した。次いで、光を当てた。
光線性角化症の処置
60分の温置後、20%のALA溶液を1時間(室温70°F)適用した。次いで、光を当てた。
中度の炎症性及び膿疱性座瘡の処置
顔の上に中度の炎症性及び膿疱性座瘡を有する指標患者(index patient)を処置するために、酢酸ナトリウム加温マスク(皮膚温度40℃)とともに、10%アミノレブリン酸(ALA)と1時間温置した後、37J/cm2の635nm赤色光を使用した。図17及び表II中に示されているように、病変数の低下は、単回の温熱PDTの後、9ヶ月、持続した。
中度の炎症性及び膿疱性座瘡の処置
酢酸ナトリウム加温マスク(皮膚温度40℃)後の、37J/cm2の635nm赤色光とともに、10%アミノレブリン酸との1時間の温置を用いて、顔の上に中度の炎症性及び膿疱性座瘡を有する患者。図18及び表IIに示されているように、単回の温熱PDTの9ヶ月後における、座瘡瘢痕の組織修復が示されている。
光線性角化症の処置
室温での(室温70°F、皮膚温度30℃)1時間の温置と比較された、酢酸ナトリウム加温マスクを用いた40℃での20%ALAとの30分間の温置により、光線性角化症を有する顔の皮膚を処置した。図23に示されているように、増加されたポルフィリンが観察された。VISIA−CR(R)4.1カメラシステムを用いて、ポルフィリン画像を撮影し、Image−Pro(R)Plus7.0(IPP(R)、Media Cybernetics Inc.)画像分析ソフトウェアを用いて分析した。マスクされた領域内で測定されたPpIX蛍光シグナルの強度を、0〜255の尺度で定量した。
Claims (27)
- 顔の座瘡を処置することを必要としている対象における顔の座瘡を処置する方法であって、(i)適切な時間、約38℃〜約42℃の温度を達成するために、熱送達装置を用いて、前記対象の皮膚の病変領域に熱を投与すること;(ii)温置された医薬組成物を与えるために、約14時間未満の温置期間にわたって、少なくとも1つの光増感剤を含む医薬組成物を温置すること;(iii)適切な期間にわたり、前記病変領域に、治療的に有効な用量の前記温置された医薬組成物を投与すること;(iii)前記病変領域に赤色光の適切な用量を投与し、これにより、前記顔の座瘡を処置すること、を含む、方法。
- 温置時間が約10時間未満である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 温置時間が約5時間未満である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 温置時間が約3時間未満である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 酢酸ナトリウムマスクを用いて熱が加えられる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- (i)において、熱が約60分間投与される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1つの光増感剤が5−ALAである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 医薬組成物がゲルである、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 医薬組成物がナノエマルジョンである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 5−ALAが医薬組成物の約20重量%で存在する、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 5−ALAが医薬組成物の約10重量%で存在する、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 赤色光の波長が約625nm〜約645nmである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 赤色光の波長が約630nmである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 赤色光の用量が約37J/cm2である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 波長が、対象の皮膚から6cmの距離において、約630nmである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 処置の結果として、座瘡病変数が約30%を超えて低下する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 処置の結果として、座瘡病変数が約50%を超えて低下する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 処置の結果として、座瘡病変数が約75%を超えて低下する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 低下が少なくとも約3ヶ月間持続する、請求項16〜18に記載の方法。
- 低下が少なくとも約6ヶ月間持続する、請求項16〜18に記載の方法。
- 処置が、工程(i)を使用しない同一の方法より不快感を低下させる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 処置が、工程(i)を使用しない同一の方法より落屑性を低下させる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 処置が、工程(i)を使用しない同一の方法より無菌性膿疱の形成がより低くなる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 座瘡が軽度の座瘡である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 座瘡が中度の座瘡である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 座瘡が重度の座瘡である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 座瘡が炎症性座瘡である、請求項1に記載の方法。
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